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Journal articles on the topic 'Banned Authors'
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1
Kharitonov, Yevgeny. "Banned authors." Index on Censorship 24, no. 1 (January 1995): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229508535833.
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Roberts, Ian, Haleema Shakur, Rinaldo Bellomo, Julian Bion, Simon Finfer, Beverley Hunt, John Myburgh, Anders Perner, and Konrad Reinhart. "Should hydroxyethyl starch be banned? – Authors' reply." Lancet 392, no. 10142 (July 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31179-6.
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Kuitert, Lisa. "Publishing House Contact and Its Support for Authors in the Second World War." Quaerendo 40, no. 3-4 (2010): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006910x537727.
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AbstractThe name of publishing house Contact is associated with Anne Frank’s diary, of which Contact was the first publisher. In this article, Lisa Kuitert shows how Contact, established in 1933, operated during the Second World War. Although Contact was not a publisher for the resistance, both of its publishing directors, in various ways, supported authors who had been banned from publishing. The means also existed for them to do this because precisely in these five years, the publisher did well financially.
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Esmond and Chryssee Bradley Martin. "Combatting the illegal trade in rhinoceros products." Oryx 21, no. 3 (July 1987): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300026879.
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Unless the trade in rhino horn is stopped, the survival of the world's rhinos is in jeopardy. Thanks to the efforts of conservationists, many countries have now banned exports and imports of rhino products, and most of the trade that occurs is illegal. There is still much to be done, however, as the authors explain.
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Bickford, John Holden, and Devanne R. Lawson. "Examining Patterns within Challenged or Banned Primary Elementary Books." Journal of Curriculum Studies Research 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.02.01.2.
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Public schools and public libraries often receive challenges—suppression or removal requests—to particular books, which can lead the book being banned. Research has examined challenges to books with multicultural themes and individuals, noted that authors of color are disproportionally targeted, and recognized the remarkable number of challenges to books deemed to be classic. This qualitative content analysis research utilized both with inductive and deductive elements—open coding and axial coding—to examine challenged books intended for primary elementary students. The theoretical framework blended critical multiculturalism, gay and lesbian identity, and radical politics in children’s literature. Findings included patterns based on era, frequency and location of challenge, demography of challenger, and oft-challenged themes, specifically sexuality (sexual reproduction and diverse sexualities), inappropriate humor, danger, death, racial and religious diversity, mysticism and wizardry, racially or culturally insensitive elements, concerning interpersonal dynamics, and evolution. Meaning is extracted for teachers, librarians, administrators, and researchers.
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Shingjergji, Besa, and Hektor Ciftja. "Present day school readers in rapport with the dramatic works of a once-banned Albanian author." Journal of Education Culture and Society 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20131.257.266.
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The process of reading, rereading, scrutinizing, re-scrutinizing and appraising an author’s work is not fi nite; moreover it is very dynamic and full of suprises. No doubt that the appraisal and re-appraisal is too complex, including cultural, literary, gender and genre components. This becomes more obvious when referring to an author whose works had been locked up in library stacks during the whole 45 years of totalitarian rule in Albania, and whose appraisal process cannot help facing up to the critical thinking led by biased politicization. In this study the appraisal of the works of one of the most outstanding Albanian writers of the 30s of the twentieth century, Etëhem Haxhiademi, will be done by presenting them in rapport with the present-day school, pre-university and university level readers. This re-appraisal is conducted with a cold logic, devoid of the vindictive political principles which brought the distorted evaluation of the authors’ works, as it happened for many other au-thors as well, and is striving to place the writer into the system of the genuine literary values. Once the reader’s inquisitiveness has been satisfi ed, even after reading a less-known or, moreover, an oblivious or banned literary work, he/she begins reading and rereading it, looking closely into it, essaying to fi nd a proper place for this work in the general system of the national, inter-balkanic and international literary values.E. Haxhiademi’s literary work was known by an older generations of readers whose es-thetic satisfaction it brought forth was confi ned in their consciousness: it was unknown or partly known, not by direct reading but by several interpretations of others, by a middle generation of readers who displayed a certain artistic uncertainty and indifference. However, nowadays it is intently being studied although in excessively fragmentary ways and in many cases even unsuitable ones, by the younger generation of readers who should have a more motivated curiosity for divulging its real values.In the history of the Albanian literature, as well as in the other East European Countries, the authors’ biographies and especially their political aspects, were used as selective criteria to appraise authors and their works, instead of being pure cognitive and studying means. This study intends to reveal the present-day school readers’ affi rmative attitudes or even the non-affi rmative ones, regarding Haxhiademi’s literary works, in the process of re-dimen-sioning the author’s values and those of his literary works.
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Whitaker, Romulus, and Harry V. Andrews. "The Irula Co-operative Venom Centre, India." Oryx 29, no. 2 (April 1995): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021001.
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When the Indian Government banned the export of snakeskins in 1976, the Irulas – a tribal people whose traditional skills included snake-catching – lost a major source of income. The authors describe how the Irula Co-operative Venom Centre was established to replace this lost income and at the same time exploit a valuable wildlife resource in a way that is apparently sustainable. More research is needed, however, to ensure that the project is viable in the long term.
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Sun, Liying, and Michel Hockx. "Dangerous Fiction and Obscene Images." Prism 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-7480325.
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Abstract The magazine Meiyu 眉語 (Eyebrow Talk), published from 1914 to 1916 and edited by Gao Jianhua 高劍華, was China's first literary magazine edited by a woman and targeted at a female audience. It was also the first modern magazine to pay extensive attention to nudity and to physical and romantic intimacy through at times carefully considered juxtapositions of texts and images. In addition, it was the first Chinese magazine to be banned on the basis of obscenity legislation introduced during the early Republic. The committee that banned Meiyu was led by Zhou Shuren 周樹人, who later became known as the author Lu Xun 魯迅, and his disparaging reminiscence about Meiyu caused the magazine to be all but forgotten for nearly a century. In this article, the authors use a wide variety of archival material to reconstruct the complex publishing history of the magazine, as well as the processes and cultural standards involved in its banning. This is followed by a close analysis of aspects of the contents of Meiyu, especially the interaction between texts and images in the representation of nudity, intimacy, and coupledom.
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Soepriatmadji, Liliek, and Katharina Rustipa. "Some negative contents portrayed in English song lyrics." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 5, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.5.1.148-158.
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Some song lyrics may have been banned or rescheduled for their radio and television broadcasts. Those song lyrics were claimed to propagandize negative contents. Recently West Java Broadcasting Commission has regulated the broadcast of 17 western songs for the prejudice of negative contents. Based on semantic analysis of those song lyrics, the authors finally found out that they qualitatively describe lust, profanity, drug and alcohol abuse, etc. through periphrasis, simile, litotes, meiosis, and other speech figures. Clauses were selected to deliver the figures of speech of the lyrics sung by mostly male singers and the male-female duets in pop and r and b music genres.
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McCaa, Roberts. "The Big Killers: Mortality Crises in Social Context." Social Science History 20, no. 4 (1996): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017569.
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The emergence of new infectious diseases and the resurgence of old ones fascinate scholars as well as the public. Before the Ebola virus made the best-seller lists or starred in a feature-length film, the International Commission on Historical Demography (ICHD) had planned a colloquium for its quinquennial meeting in Montreal, “The Big Killers: Epidemics, Famine, and War in Historical Perspective” (27 August–3 September 1995). Twenty-eight papers materialized. Interpretation and synthesis were the principal concerns. Technical obsessions of the guild—methodology, data, quantification, and the like—were banned. Instead, authors were encouraged to focus on the interrelations between mortality crises, on the one hand, and culture, society, economy, and politics, on the other.
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Makkai, Toni, and Ian McAllister. "Public Opinion and the Legal Status of Marijuana in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 23, no. 3 (July 1993): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269302300304.
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Since the late 1950s, when the medical use of heroin was banned in Australia, government policy toward marijuana has been based on prohibition. Despite an upsurge in the use of marijuana in the 1960s, government policy has remained virtually unchanged, except for the introduction of the expiation notice in South Australia in 1986. The authors use a wide range of opinion poll data to show that attitudes toward marijuana have remained stable over the past two decades, although the most recent data suggest that public support for reform of the legal status of marijuana may be increasing. There are notable differences in opinion between sociodemographic groups, with men, the young, and those who have been exposed to marijuana being more likely to support reform. The authors argue that as more people who have been exposed to marijuana enter the electorate and as New Politics issues become more prominent, the legal status of marijuana could become a political party issue. Data collected during the 1990 federal election among election candidates suggest that the potential for political party conflict already exists.
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Carver, Terrell. "Reflections on Hobbes, Nature and Artifice." Hobbes Studies 28, no. 1 (April 24, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-02801006.
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In his own time Hobbes became a public intellectual even if at times a banned author. Political theorists of today will in some cases recognise similar pressures and dilemmas. As a classic author, however, Hobbes has become a trope in political theory through an overt process of anachronism. The authors in this special issue – Browning, Jaede, Boyd, Prozorov – proceed from this common and canonical content, as does Prokhovnik in her Introduction. The scholarly template, presumed in this discussion, focuses on the first two books of Leviathan, and on the life-and-death dilemmas posed there in relation to political power and obligation. The four articles thoroughly explore the concepts of nature and artifice within that reading strategy. The conclusion of this critical review of their work is that within broader commentary in political theory nature and artifice are themselves tropes, and that the natural life of humans is inherently artificial.
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Homel, Ross, Steve Tomsen, and Jennifer Thommeny. "Public Drinking and Violence: Not Just an Alcohol Problem." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200315.
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Three hundred hours of unstructured observation by pairs of observers in twenty-three licensed premises in Sydney allowed the identification through qualitative analysis of situational factors and management practices that increase the risk of physical violence. Four high-risk and two low-risk premises were particularly contrasted, as were violent and non-violent occasions in the same venues. Violence was concentrated in' specific places at specific times. It was related to complex interactions between aspects of patron mix, levels of comfort, boredom, and intoxication, and the behaviour of bouncers. Violence is perpetuated by poor management, lax police surveillance, and inappropriate bureaucratic controls and legislation. The authors conclude that regularly violent venues should have their licenses cancelled, and police should enforce laws regulating bouncers. Promotions which cause mass intoxication should be banned, but responsible serving practices on their own may not greatly influence levels of violence.
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Dibra, Vjollca. "Social and Historic Contextuality of Contemporary Albanian Literature." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (December 16, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v2i3.65.
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To reach the reader of 2018, Contemporary Albanian literature has overcome many obstacles and politics ideology. It felt violated by a certain, imposing and savage ideology. The method of socialist realism by some writers was embraced with delight and conviction, and from some others it was used for compromise to bring to light their works, which, in case of incompatibility with the relevant ideology, was banned from publishing. However, given that literature is the creation of the human spirit, it is unnatural to think that all this literature of this period has not expressed their feelings, sorrows, dreams and their love. Perhaps, we can argue with conviction, which has been a memory for the past and also a dream for the future. This literature overwhelmed the content imposed in 1945 and continued to be the most rebellious. The national liberation war was not the subject of the 1960s literature, which was more stubborn than what was written fifteen years ago, even by the same authors. Here, summed up as a great deal in the history of contemporary literature, find the first and the foremost authors of this literature, their best works, publishers, and their echoes in the language of translation.
Key words: Literature, History, World War II, Writer, Contemporary, Education, Publisher.
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Popova, Olga D. "The Reader’s Interest of Seminarians during the Period of Social Rise in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century." Observatory of Culture 15, no. 5 (December 14, 2018): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-5-608-620.
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The article analyzes the reader’s interests of students of theological seminaries of the second half of the 19th — early 20th century. Libraries were a mandatory element of the functioning of theological seminaries. Memoirs of the seminarians provided the background for the present article. The author analyzes the state policy on formation of the ideological education of children of the clergy. The article describes the content of the libraries of theological seminaries and the mechanisms for their replenishment. The study is aimed to demonstrate that the library collections did not meet the interests of seminarians, and the reading circle of young people was being influenced by the social rise in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Revolutionary populists were greatly affecting the reader’s interests. The students of seminaries were willing to read the works of leading authors of that time: H.T. Buckle, H. Spencer, N.K. Mikhaylovsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky, D.I. Pisarev. An analysis of archival documents demonstrates that the government attempted to monitor what students read in theological seminaries. Books of the leading authors were banned and withdrawn. The seminarians sought to create their own reading circle. Therefore, many students made attempts to visit city libraries, to take books from friends and acquaintances, to create their own secret collections.The article reveals the history of secret libraries in Kostroma and Vladimir. The study helps to understand that the authors of the memoirs shared their reader’s interests in order to show the impact of reading books by progressive authors. Most of the memoirs’ authors claimed that the interest in the clandestine circles had been caused by a desire to diversify the monotonous daily life in seminaries. Seminarians read forbidden literature because of their interest in current problems of Russia and society.
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Xu, Liyun, Yuling Lai, Liu Liu, Lili Yang, Ying Guo, Xijiang Chang, Jianjun Shi, Ruiyun Zhang, and Jianyong Yu. "The Effect of Plasma Electron Temperature on the Surface Properties of Super-Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020160.
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The existing coating systems used for the preparation of super-hydrophobic surfaces are facing new challenges because the use of organic solvents and long-carbon-chain organic fluorine monomers is banned. In this article, the authors have proven that by using inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with argon (Ar), which is a completely dry process, lauryl methacrylate (LMA) can produce a stable super-hydrophobic coating effect. The effect of electron temperature on the super-hydrophobicity of cotton fabrics is investigated in terms of water repellency, chemical composition, and surface morphology. It is found that the improvement in the hydrophobicity of cotton fabric is attributed to the deposition of alkyl and ester groups, and the formation of a micro–nano-structure on the surface of the fabric after plasma treatment. The electron temperature plays an important role in achieving the super-hydrophobicity of cotton fabrics. The plasma-enhanced coating may offer a safe and dry super-hydrophobic technique with diverse applications.
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Quartarone, Valeria, Eva Voslářová, Maria Russo, Petra Doleželová, and Annamaria Passantino. "A comparison of laws preventing unnecessary canine cosmetic surgery in Italy and in the Czech Republic." Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, no. 1 (2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281010083.
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Many invasive procedures, including surgery (ear cropping, tail docking, and debarking in the dog), are performed on dogs for purely cosmetic reasons or convenience. These procedures, also known as “cosmetic surgery”, fall into a variety of categories from the questionably unethical to the undoubtedly criminal, because they are mostly carried out solely to alter a dog’s physical appearance. Although in several European countries these procedures are banned, except when performed by a veterinarian for medical reasons, veterinarians are often requested to perform them for various reasons. Though controversial, canine cosmetic surgery continues to be performed, reaching epidemic proportions. The authors summarize legislation, individual positions and veterinary attitudes regarding cosmetic surgery in Italy and the Czech Republic. Additionally, they explain the ways in which the law is being used in the two countries to prevent these unnecessary procedures, and how current and future anti-cruelty laws can stop unethical use of cosmetic surgery.
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Sivtseva, Saassylana, and Olga Parfenova. "Human in the world of culture: the great patriotic war in the historical and cultural heritage of northeast of Russia (on the example of Yakutia)." SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197203009.
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The historical and cultural heritage, expressed in monuments, architectural structures, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, today is significant. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of society in perpetuating the memory of the Great Patriotic War. The authors conclude that the events of World War II find a lively response from the public. At the same time, new tendencies in commemorative practices are traced - tragic pages of history that until recently were “uncomfortable” (and in Soviet times banned for research), such as human losses, extremely high mortality of the civilian population from hunger, forcibly transferred to special settlements, - began to be reflected in the construction of monuments, memorable places. The location of these monuments is specific - they were erected at a certain distance from public places, at the territories of churches (victims of famine, victims of political repressions), which is associated with the predicted ambiguity of their perception.
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Solová, Regina. "O (politycznych) mechanizmach selekcji tekstów literackich dla czytelnika zagranicznego." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 25, no. 44 (June 15, 2019): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.25.2019.44.04.
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Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in the 1950s
The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English, French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previously banned authors, who criticized the political system and wrote works in opposition to socialist realism. However, the propaganda goals of the authorities were not abandoned. The orientation of the contents was supposed to show the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland in a positive light, discredit the government in exile and emphasize the friendship between Poland and the USSR.
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Ebner, Martin, Sandra Schön, Clarissa Braun, Markus Ebner, Ypatios Grigoriadis, Maria Haas, Philipp Leitner, and Behnam Taraghi. "COVID-19 Epidemic as E-Learning Boost? Chronological Development and Effects at an Austrian University against the Background of the Concept of “E-Learning Readiness”." Future Internet 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12060094.
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The COVID-19 crisis influenced universities worldwide in early 2020. In Austria, all universities were closed in March 2020 as a preventive measure, and meetings with over 100 people were banned and a curfew was imposed. This development also had a massive impact on teaching, which in Austria takes place largely face-to-face. In this paper we would like to describe the situation of an Austrian university regarding e-learning before and during the first three weeks of the changeover of the teaching system, using the example of Graz University of Technology (TU Graz). The authors provide insights into the internal procedures, processes and decisions of their university and present figures on the changed usage behaviour of their students and teachers. As a theoretical reference, the article uses the e-learning readiness assessment according to Alshaher (2013), which provides a framework for describing the status of the situation regarding e-learning before the crisis. The paper concludes with a description of enablers, barriers and bottlenecks from the perspective of the members of the Educational Technology department.
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Kurniawan, Iwan Jaconiah. "Intercultural Interaction: Indonesia and Soviet Society in the Sphere of Art Paintings in the Second Half of the XXth Century." Contemporary problems of social work 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2020-6-2-65-71.
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the paper studies the problem of defining an intercultural interaction. The authors analyzed scientific works to identify and classify the Indonesian social realism art painting. In the second half of the XXth century, Indonesian artists had a close relationship with the Soviet Society in the sphere of fine art. The true influence can be found in the social-realism art movement between 1950–1965s in Indonesia during the first President Soekarno era. But the social-realism art movement was no longer because of the horizontal political conflict on September 30, 1965 as well-known as revolution. During the President Soeharto regime (1965–1999), all social realism fine art was destroyed. Socialist and communist ideology was banned in Indonesia. That’s why they represented socialism and communism style not growing freely until now. However, some paintings can be saved abroad by Russian scientists and art collectors. Since 2016, more than 30 Indonesian social-realism paintings were conserved, served, and shown into a historical exhibition in the State Museum of Moscow Oriental Art. These paintings became important in Indonesian social realism art history
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Melis, Alessandro. "«Sei troppo effemminato. / Di femmina son nato». Infrazione di codici e fluidità di genere in alcuni libretti d’opera del Seicento veneziano." Storia delle Donne 16 (July 7, 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/sd-11465.
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The fear that man, subjected to practices considered emasculating, could “regress” to the female state was culturally central in the early modern definition of the man-woman polarity. In this context, effeminacy was used as a stigma against practices to be banned or controlled and was among the main accusations raised by the religious controversy against the emerging professional theatre. Through the close reading of some librettos produced in Venice between 1641 and 1668, the essay aims to show how the authors appropriated some tòpoi of the antitheatrical controversy, building an artistic acrobatics in which love was seen as a “disease” capable of removing the hero’s virility and was observed within a practice (theatre, and especially opera) which was itself considered effeminate and emasculating. The essay revolves around a progressive intensification of ambiguities, transvestitisms and allusions, showing how the librettists of Venetian opera also attempted an investigation of gender codes at the textual level and pushed themselves to the limit beyond which the mechanism of censorship inevitably triggered.
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FILIPOV, Pavel, and Dmitro GERGINOV. ""CLEANING RUSSIAN LITERATURE MEANS CLEANING TOILETS AND DEPENDING ON THE POLICE"." Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 3, ezs.swu.v18i3 (2020): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i3.12.
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The period of realism in Russian literature, the 19th century, is very turbulent for the country. Russia participated in many wars, from the Napoleonic wars to the Russo-Turkish one at the end of the century. The internal political climate was also unfavorable as part of the nobility and military were eager for a change in the ways of ruling the country and abolishment of serfdom. This led to the Decembrist revolt. Although the revolt was suppressed, it is considered to have contributed to the subsequent partial abolishment of serfdom in the second half of the century. Such was the highly charged atmosphere in which the 19th century Russian poets and writers created their works. However, all the problems that oppressed the country - political, social and spiritual - seemed to enhance the development of Russian literature. The authors were severely punished by the official censorship and the emperor himself. Literary figures like Pushkin, Lermontov and Dostoyevsky were persecuted, ostracized, imprisoned and their books were banned. Pushkin and Lermontov were killed in a duel, and the authority did not seem to regret that. Herzen was forced to leave Russia. Dostoyevsky was initially sentenced to death and consequently served four years of hard labor. Chernyshevsky was ostracized for twentytwo years. However, despite the extremely strict censorship imposed by the court, the Russian literature of this period achieved great progress and received international acclaim because of its brilliant authors.
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Kádár, Judit. "Republishing Pre-World War II Hungarian Women Writers After the Fall of Socialism." Hungarian Cultural Studies 10 (September 6, 2017): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2017.276.
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Immediately before and shortly after the collapse of socialism in 1989, a large number of private publishing houses were founded in Hungary. Some of them began their career by republishing the novels of selected popular Hungarian women writers of the preWorld War II era that had been banned following the Soviet occupation of the country in 1945. The lack of comprehensive literary criticism on the works of women authors drove the new publishers to rely on the so-called “oral canon” of collective memory, which had saved some of their names from oblivion. To grab the attention of prospective readers, the books selected for publication were provided with modern book cover designs, reflecting new, but still patriarchal values. After a brief overview of how prewar literature was censored after 1945, focusing on the editors’ inevitable reinterpretation of the writings of Renée Erdős, Mrs. Kosáry Lola Réz, and Anna Tutsek through book cover designs, Kádár aims in this paper to survey in what ways and how successfully the re-editions of the novels by women writers have contributed to their inclusion in the literary canon since 1989.
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Fesenko, О., V. Lysyuk, and S. Nemenuscha. "REGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF THE PROCESS OF DISINFECTION OF GRAIN AT GRAIN PROCESSING FACILITIES." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, no. 3 (October 21, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i3.1842.
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The article is devoted to the topical problem of controlling the contamination of grain products with agricultural pests at the facilities of the grain processing industry. The authors consider the use of one of the most effective methods of disinfection of grain products - fumigation, which, provided it is carried out competently and in a timely manner, avoids unwanted losses of grain and grain products. The characteristics of the main chemicals that are widely used as fumigants are presented. The article summarizes fumigants used in advanced countries of the world and are an alternative to the banned methyl bromide. A brief overview of modern fumigants allowed by the legislation of Ukraine is given, the existing problems of the domestic market of pesticides are revealed. Given that the effectiveness of fumigation depends on compliance with the technology of fumigation, special attention in the article is paid to the procedure for disinfection of grain products by fumigants. The authors analyse in detail the regulatory framework of this issue, safety rules, the use of personal protective equipment. The characteristic features and consequences of harmful effects of fumigants on the human body human body and the environment in the conditions of changing the order of disinfection of grain products are revealed. All grain processing enterprises have strict safety requirements for fumigation and degassing works. Training of experienced specialists is one of the important prerequisites for the safety of disinfection, so this article suggests ways to solve the problem of staff training. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve the regulatory mechanisms for regulating the quality control of both fumigants and fumigation works.
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Shliakov, Aleksei. "To the history of the Russian vagrancy XVII–XIX centuries." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3213.
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In the following article analysis of vagabondism in Russia is being made, based on sources from literature, journalism and the Holy Father. The particular qualities of the Church, temporal powers, and common society members’ attitudes towards vagabondism are being viewed. The periods of the romanticizing of vagabondism in the history of Russia are being described as well as periods when vagabondism was subjected to social exclusion. A gradual transition of the perception of vagabondism from the field of Christian traditional humility and mercy to a social field which inflicts responsibility for one’s behavior on the subject of vagabondism is explored. Methods and manners of charity for vagabonds and the poor are being viewed as well as the imperative measures and sanctions of the struggle against mendicity and vagabondism in various historical periods. The classifications of vagabonds, offered by Russian thinkers, are being researched since they allow us to distinguish between the needy and those who use the image of a vagabond for their own profit and who speculate on Christian feelings. Generally, the authors come to a conclusion that unlike Western Europe, where vagabondism was banned and where vagabonds were punished severely, the attitude towards vagabonds in pre-revolutionary Russia was based on the orthodox values and included humanity and mercifulness.
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Peeling, Peter, Linda M. Castell, Wim Derave, Olivier de Hon, and Louise M. Burke. "Sports Foods and Dietary Supplements for Optimal Function and Performance Enhancement in Track-and-Field Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0271.
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Athletes are exposed to numerous nutritional products, attractively marketed with claims of optimizing health, function, and performance. However, there is limited evidence to support many of these claims, and the efficacy and safety of many products is questionable. The variety of nutritional aids considered for use by track-and-field athletes includes sports foods, performance supplements, and therapeutic nutritional aids. Support for sports foods and five evidence-based performance supplements (caffeine, creatine, nitrate/beetroot juice, β-alanine, and bicarbonate) varies according to the event, the specific scenario of use, and the individual athlete’s goals and responsiveness. Specific challenges include developing protocols to manage repeated use of performance supplements in multievent or heat-final competitions or the interaction between several products which are used concurrently. Potential disadvantages of supplement use include expense, false expectancy, and the risk of ingesting banned substances sometimes present as contaminants. However, a pragmatic approach to the decision-making process for supplement use is recommended. The authors conclude that it is pertinent for sports foods and nutritional supplements to be considered only where a strong evidence base supports their use as safe, legal, and effective and that such supplements are trialed thoroughly by the individual before committing to use in a competition setting.
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TLESOVA, Aigul, Saule PRIMBETOVA, Aigul KAZAMBAYEVA, Saltanat YESSENGALIYEVA, and Farida MUKHAMBETKALIYEVA. "Reflections on Sustainable Development Planning in the Agricultural Industry." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.3(27).19.
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In the past few years, we have experienced a transition from the decades-long period of falling real prices of grains, and food more generally, to a new market environment in which commodity and food prices are higher, more volatile and more highly influenced by petroleum prices.
The problems of reaction for price volatility, both in the short- and long-run, are complex and multifaceted. Looking back at the 2007/08 crisis, countries responded through a spectrum of policies, but were largely unprepared, resulting in ad hoc and short-term mechanisms. Countries maintaining food reserves used these to intervene directly in the market to stabilize domestic prices. Many food importing countries reduced import tariffs, while several surplus producing countries limited, or even banned, exports in order to avoid food shortages and further domestic price increases. For whatever actions governments consider taking, it is always important to keep in mind the full set of policy measures, the wider risks and possible responses for the targeted population. The following suggests that choosing appropriate policies requires a deeper understanding of the issues at stake.
This paper analyses the various theoretical approaches to the planning of agricultural and food areas of Kazakhstan. The authors consider that the method of forecast scenarios is the most effective one.
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Makin, David A., and Leanna Ireland. "The secret life of PETs." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2019-0124.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent the legal environment influences a user’s choice to employ privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs). Drawing upon existing theoretical frames specific to arbitrariness and uncertainty, this research examines whether interest in PETs is influenced by the legal environment of a country. Design/methodology/approach Using data from Google Trends, the International Property Rights Index, Freedom House and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the research analyzes interest in Tor, VPN technology and pretty good privacy (PGP) in 153 countries between 2012 and 2016. Findings Findings suggest both countries with both higher and lower arbitrariness and uncertainty of law are associated with an increased interest in Tor and PGP. However, interest in VPN technology does not appear influenced by the legal environment and, instead, is influenced by freedom within the press. Research limitations/implications The dual use nature of Tor and PGP is influenced by law enforcement and judiciary effectiveness and transparency and arbitrariness contributing to the public’s interest in decentralized technological protections. Practical implications Law enforcement should continue to police via the technologies rather than shutting them down to protect the identities of those needing to use these technologies for legitimate purposes. Only by embracing the technologies, as opposed to seeing them as hurdles to be banned, may law enforcement agencies remain vigilant to the threats posted by nefarious actors. Originality/value In this study, the authors introduce a more robust measure of interest in PETs, and do so with a larger, more substantive sample. By situating this interest within the context of policing, the authors can document the dual use nature of the technology, which can be useful in guiding future research, specifically in the area of policy development and officer training.
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Tokarev, A. A., A. S. Dyogtev, and A. R. Margoev. "A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF GEORGIA-2016: THERE IS STILL A CHANCE FOR RUSSIA." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(49) (August 28, 2016): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-148-164.
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The authors study the sociological grounds of Georgia's foreign policy based on the long-term researches conducted by American and Georgian NGOs, yet applying a critical approach to the provided data and figures. Despite the aggressive rhetoric of Georgian politicians towards Russia and apparent social consensus as regards EU and NATO integration, the article concludes that Russia has not completely "lost" Georgia. The results of the sociological surveys show that up to one third of the population of Georgia are ready to consider Russia as main partner of their country, and this figure depends to a certain extent on the Georgian authorities' policy. In addition, the potential of the Eurasian integration of Georgia is not equal to zero, and it is supported by around one fifth of the population. In the authors' view, Georgia may appreciate help with solving its domestic economic problems far more than being called "a beacon of democracy" or "a truly European state". Although according to the results of the most surveys Russia takes the first place in the list of the threats to Georgia, exceeding even the figures for the banned "Islamic State", around one third of the population of Georgia consistently consider Russian threat exaggerated. Together with those who do not regard Russia as a threat at all, these citizens of Georgia almost equal the number of people who believe that "Russia poses a threat to Georgia". Even if Russia does not change its position on the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and the West remains the goalpost of Georgia's foreign policy, the ties between the people, cultures, and economies of the two countries will not be severed. However, negligence towards the potential of developing the bilateral relations with no efforts taken on a mutual basis may significantly weaken the ties between Russia and Georgia by undermining the chances of strengthening them.
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Ejdus, Filip, and Tijana Rečević. "Ontological Insecurity as an Emergent Phenomenon." European Psychologist 26, no. 1 (January 2021): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000419.
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Abstract. One of the central debates in Ontological Security Studies (OSS) has been about the level-of-analysis. While some authors focus on individuals, others have scaled up the concept and applied it to collectives such as states as the main ontological security seekers. In this article, we contribute to the level-of-analysis debate in OSS by providing a novel argument in defense of scaling up. By drawing on the literatures on complexity and securitization, we conceptualize ontological security as an emergent phenomenon. It arises from the ground-up and is driven by feedback loops in a non-linear and spontaneous fashion from horizontal micro-interactions and securitizations from below, ultimately reaching a tipping point. We illustrate this argument in a case study of anti-immigrant mobilization in Serbia since the outbreak of the European migration crisis (2015–2020). At the outset of the crisis, state officials interpreted the migration crisis as a manageable and temporary situation, adopted an “open door” policy and even banned far-right extremist demonstrations against migration. Over time, however, ontological insecurity over the migrant threat has gradually emerged from the bottom-up through a cascade of rumors, connective action, and everyday securitizing acts. While it might be too early to conclude that the national tipping point has been reached, this case study clearly shows why ontological insecurity merits to be studied as an emergent phenomenon.
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Bustanov, Alfrid. "Ссора по-исламски: жалобы и анонимки советских мусульман." Islamology 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.07.2.07.
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This article introduces a series of semi-offcial correspondence between ‘Abd al-Bari Isaev, an imam in Leningrad, and Shakir Khialetdinov, then mufti of the European part of the USSR. To contextualize these precious sources stemming from several private archives, which have only recently been opened for research, I bring more examples on the ways how did religious authorities of the Soviet times quarrel on the issues of power. In fact, as I argue, these multiple quarrels in prose and poetry represent an intriguing case of appropriating both Soviet administrative and Muslim ethical styles of argumentation. The state was always there and Muslim authorities tried hard to use this factor in their inner quarrels by speaking the language of dominant discourse, thus directly borrowing terminology and word constructions from the secular denouncements and linking arguments with the Soviet civil code. At the same time, even in the late Socialist era engagement with the main sources of Islam, i.e. the Qur’an and the Sunna, was another prominent tool in fighting political enemies. This is why we often see quotations from the holy books, referring to the ethical models of Islam. The latter tactics was nothing new to Islamic tradition, especially when the authors tried their pen in poetical fence. What is striking though is that this literary activity and fight over resources was going on in late Socialist Russia, in Arabic-script, long before banned from the public usage by the government.
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Susanto, Eko Harry, and Silviana Dharma Zhang. "Critical Discourse Analysis of Interfaith Marriage News from Cyber Media in Indonesia." Journal of Educational and Social Research 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n1p91.
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Abstract In Indonesia, there are three preconditions for a successful marriage: being of legal age for marriage; parental approval, especially from the father; and religious and ethnic compatibility. The Indonesian Marriage Law provides that “a marriage is legitimate, if it has been performed according to the laws of the respective religions and beliefs of the parties concerned”. This clause indirectly prohibits inter-religious or interfaith marriage. Therefore, every religion in Indonesia encourages it followers to marry someone of the same religious faith. This research examines the issue of interfaith marriage as reported by Indonesia’s cyber media. Case studies are presented to explain why different media institutions have differing stances on the issue. Using a qualitative approach, the research uses the analytical data technique of Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The authors analyzed three cyber media, Republika Online, Kompas.com, and Sinarharapan.co from September to December 2014. One key aim was to discover which media have the tendency to support diversity, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. Results indicated that Islam-oriented media, such as Republika Online, tend to reject the movement for the legalization of interfaith marriage, as interfaith marriage is banned by Islamic shari’ law. Secular online media, such as Kompas.com with an independent ethos of transcendental humanism, lean toward support for rights and legal certainty for interfaith spouses. Meanwhile, Christian-oriented Sinarharapan.co tended to neglect the issue, as if deeming it irrelevant to its readership.
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Mouiche, Ibrahim. "Autochtonie, Libéralisation Politique, et Construction d'une Sphère Publique Locale au Cameroun." African Studies Review 54, no. 3 (December 2011): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2011.0060.
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Abstract:This study focuses on the hegemonic struggles between two ethnic communities, the Mbo and the Bamiléké, in Santchou, West Cameroon. At issue is the sharing of political roles in this locality, which point to issues of political representation. In this district, these roles (mayor, representative, etc.) were under the single party rule of the ethnic minority Mbo, who are a majority in this area but a minority in the rest of the district, where the Bamileke are the majority. In this monolithic context, where all protests were banned, the Bamileke had given up and accepted this arrangement. With the advent of the multiparty system and democracy, in which mayors are now elected and no longer simply nominated, uncertainty has been hovering over this political stronghold of the Mbo. Nevertheless, the Mbo have been able to hold onto the post of mayor and acquire other political posts as well. However, unlike during the single party era, the situation created by the political liberalization has offered to the Bamileke a public space where they can discuss the allocation of local political positions, and manifest their disagreement with the hegemonic trend. In the footsteps of Habermas and many other authors such as Cottereau, this study underlines the need to talk about public spaces in a plural form, instead of a single public space, in order to put in context the internal dynamics of popular cultures engendering subcultural public spheres or places of emerging democracy.
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Krieger, Antoine. "On Jean-Luc Godard, Jean Genet and representing the Palestinians." Journal of European Studies 47, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244116676672.
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In July 2014, the people who took part to the banned demonstration in Paris against the intervention of the Israeli Defence Forces in Gaza were expressing their support of a besieged people. However, this very support was also an excuse to demonstrate their religious and ethnic allegiances as well as their political opinions. The use of the Palestinian struggle for recognition as a tool in domestic political debates is not a recent trend in French political culture: it can be traced back to 1968 when the Palestinian cause was discovered in the aftermath of the Six-Day War. A pioneer of the Palestinian cause, Jean-Luc Godard, was recently accused of anti-Semitism when he was considered for a lifetime achievement award at the Oscars in 2010. The same year, in Marseille, a conference celebrating the hundredth anniversary of Jean Genet’s birth was almost cancelled because it could supposedly have caused problems of public safety. Long after their works on this topic came out, both authors’ positions regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict are still considered extremely controversial. This article explores the speeches of both men regarding movements of Palestinian resistance after they visited refugee camps in Jordan and Lebanon in the 1970s and the 1980s. It argues that, as fiery anti-Zionists, Jean Genet and Jean-Luc Godard unconsciously create a mythology of Palestinian struggle for recognition and independence in order to protest against its representation in the mass media of capitalistic societies.
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Kastleman, Rebecca. "Synecdoche's Obloquy: Beckett and the Performance of Indecency." Journal of Beckett Studies 29, no. 2 (September 2020): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jobs.2020.0310.
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In Beckett's Ireland, the practice of censorship was bound up with the workings of literary genre. The fact that printed matter was subject to censorship, while theatre was not, meant that the censor played a role in maintaining the distinction between dramatic and nondramatic writing. Many Irish authors responded to these conditions by remediating censored narratives as theatre. Beckett adopted an alternative strategy, rejecting the legal premises of Irish censorship and crafting his literary style around a critique of the censor's reading practices. Beckett's responses to the Irish censor track his turn from the novel to the drama. Across genres, Beckett's writing in English was shaped by the climate of post-publication censorship in Ireland, the effects of which are legible even in works that were never banned. Beckett's rejoinder to the censor was articulated using terms set out by the Irish Free State's Committee on Evil Literature, which held that censors could prohibit a text based on one ‘indecent’ passage, rather than evaluating that excerpt in the context of the work as a whole. For Beckett, the literary trope of synecdoche—that is, the rhetorical substitution of a part for the whole—became associated with the censor's mode of reading. Beckett harnesses the trope of synecdoche to impugn Irish censorship practices, a pattern evident from the direct address to the censor in Murphy to the dramaturgical evocation of self-censorship in Not I. The use of synecdoche illuminates Beckett's reckoning with his cultural inheritance as an Irish writer and indexes his shift towards a cosmopolitan literary identity.
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Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Inger Torhild Gram, Sigrid Skattebo, and Nils Kolstrup. "Tobacco images and texts in Norwegian magazines and newspapers." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 1 (January 2007): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034940600777476.
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Background: Print media may influence smoking behaviour through tobacco advertisements and editorial use of tobacco pictures and texts. In Norway tobacco advertising has been banned for many years. The authors studied the coverage of tobacco promotion and tobacco and health in some general Norwegian magazines and newspapers. The findings were related to the publications' policy as stated by their editors. Methods: During three months in 1998—99 all pictures of tobacco and smoking situations were registered, plus the coverage on health aspects of tobacco in all consecutive issues of 7 newspapers and 19 magazines. The editors were asked about their attitudes regarding indirect tobacco advertisement and editorial use of people smoking. Results: All editors for men's magazines and the majority of newspaper editors had no restrictions on displaying both indirect tobacco advertisements and images of people smoking. In total, 610 texts or pictures on tobacco were found in the 624 issues of magazines and newspapers. Only 26 items were indirect tobacco advertisements. Items promoting smoking were more common than coverage of tobacco and health (71% vs 29%), and occurred most frequently in men's magazines (2.1 per issue) and least frequently in local newspapers (0.3 per issue). The proportion of tobacco and health coverage compared with the total tobacco coverage was significantly lower in men's than in family magazines and local newspapers. Conclusion: Editors should be encouraged to increase the coverage of tobacco and health in print media. This may be an important factor in helping their readers to give up or not to take up smoking.
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Edlich, Richard F., Amy A. Cochran, Catherine L. Cross, Courtney A. Wack, William B. Long, and Anthony T. Newkirk. "Legislation and Informed Consent Brochures for Dental Patients Receiving Amalgam Restorations." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 4 (July 2008): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802366851.
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In 2008, Norway banned the use of mercury for amalgam restorations. Four states in the United States have developed Informed Consent Brochures for amalgam restorations that must be given to their dental patients. The authors describe a patient who had a large cavity in his left lower molar tooth no. 18 that had to be removed by an oral surgeon. When the patient went to the oral surgeon, the surgeon told the patient that he would replace the carious tooth with a gold implant. He was not given an Informed Consent Brochure regarding dental restorative materials. The oral surgeon extracted the carious tooth, replacing the tooth with a supposed gold crown implant. On his yearly dental examination, his dentist took an x-ray of his dental implant and explained that the x-ray could not distinguish whether the implant contained either gold or mercury. Consequently, the dentist referred him to a dental clinic in which the dental implant could be removed without mercury contamination of the patient’s neurologic system during the extraction of the implant from the root canal. During the removal of the dental restoration, the dentist found build up expanding into the root canal that had a black color. The crown and underlying tooth were sent to ALT BioScience for analysis. Elemental analysis of the crown and underlying tooth confirmed the presence of mercury in the restoration. The patient should have been given an Informed Consent Brochure by the dentist that described the dental restoration that was used in the dental implant.
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Miele, Vincent J., Julian E. Bailes, Robert C. Cantu, and Craig H. Rabb. "Subdural hematomas in boxing: the spectrum of consequences." Neurosurgical Focus 21, no. 4 (October 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2006.21.4.11.
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✓Boxing is a violent sport in which every participant accepts the risk of brain damage or death. This sport has been linked to acute neurological injury and chronic brain damage. The most common life-threatening injury encountered by its participants is subdural hematoma (SDH), and the most feared consequence of chronic insult to the nervous system is dementia pugilistica, or punch drunkenness. Although advances in imaging and neuropsychological testing have improved our ability to diagnose these injuries, the unprecedented sensitivity and wide availability of these modalities have increased the detection of mild cognitive impairment and small, asymptomatic imaging abnormalities. The question has thus been raised as to where on the spectrum of these injuries an athlete should be permanently banned from the sport. In this report the authors describe six boxers who were evaluated for SDH sustained during participation in the sport, and who experienced remarkably different outcomes. Their presentations, clinical courses, and boxing careers are detailed. The athletes ranged in age from 24 to 55 years at the time of injury. Two were female and four were male; half of them were amateurs and half were professionals. Treatments ranged from observation only to decompressive craniectomy. Two of the athletes were allowed to participate in the sport after their injury (one following a lengthy legal battle), with no known sequelae. One boxer died within 48 hours of her injury and at least two suffered permanent neurological deficits. In a third, dementia pugilistica was diagnosed 40 years later, and the man died while institutionalized.
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Ragunathan, Aarthee, and Ezhilmaran Devarasan. "Data hiding the truth for the last few years: a panel data analysis of crimes against women." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2019-0007.
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PurposeThe offence against femininity has not only destroyed India’s development but also its future. When it comes down to the most important factor like sex, the social evils like “sati” and “dowry” that had been plaguing our country have been banned in India. India is the most dangerous nation in regard to sexual violence against women, according to the summary of the Thomson Reuters Foundation, 2018. The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between the total populations of women with other different types of women crime in all states in India.Design/methodology/approachThis paper will review existing panel data analysis literature and apply this knowledge in finding the highly occurred women crimes in India. Using R software the following models are analysed: pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects models and random effects models for analysing the women crimes in India.FindingsIn this paper, the authors identify that the fixed effects model is more appropriate for the analysis of women crimes in India.Practical implicationsViolence against women is a social, economic, developmental, legal, educational, human rights and health issue. This paper can be used to find the importance of women crime types. Moreover, the police or legal department can take actions according to the crime types.Originality/valueThere is a lack of literature considering the crimes against women. This will help the society to understand women crime types because the only type of violence that has received much attention by the media is rape. But, through our panel data analysis, we conclude that kidnapping, abduction and dowry death are the most occurred crimes against women in India.
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Mynbaev, Ospan A., Radmila Sparic, Michael Stark, Antonio Malvasi, Enrico Marinelli, Simona Zaami, and Andrea Tinelli. "The Medical Device Applied to Uterine Fibroids Morcellation: Analysis of Critical Biological Issues and Drawbacks from A Medical-Legal Prospective." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200204093737.
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Following the FDA safety communication of 2014 increasing attention has been to the treatment of uterine fibroids, due to the suspicion of a potential leiomyosarcoma (ULM). FDA banned the use of power morcellation in the US, since this technique is likely to spread malignant cells from an unsuspected ULM. We criticized the medical legal consequences of this banning among gynecologists and patients, focusing on the drawbacks of biology and surgery. The authors analyzed literature data on one side, on the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of leiomyoma and ULM, and the other side, on the power morcellations and related critical issues, trying to highlight their main controversial aspects and to outline the possible impact on patients and on medical responsibility. The alternative methods to power morcellation are more invasive surgical solutions (as mini laparotomy or culdotomy), which inevitably involve associated risks with the surgical procedure as such and always request the containing bags. Although the in-bag morcellation is a promising technique, currently the used devices are largely off-label. This highlights the surgical risk, in case of complications, of suffering for malpractice claims both for not having used a containment system, favoring the spread of the neoplasm, and for its off-label use. Since the diagnosis of ULM is by histology after surgery, the fear of legal consequences or medical malpractice for unknown ULM power morcellation, should be targeted to analyze, in terms of cost/benefit ratio, the surgical priority. It should focus on the prevention of the risk of having a rare and statistically limited ULM or on the surgical-related complications, often linked to a slowdown minimally invasive surgery, or on the use of the authorized in-bag morcellations.
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Raudsepp, Anu. "Vaimse vastupanu püüded okupatsioonivõimudele Hugo Raudsepa 1940. aastate komöödiates." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal 172, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2020.2.02.
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In the 1940s, the totalitarian occupying regimes of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union implemented the strictest control and ideological guidance of intellectual and spiritual life of all time in Estonia. Essentially, the mechanisms and results of control are known. Cultural life was subjected to strict pre-censorship and post-publication censorship, and in the Soviet era also to thematic dictation.
The intellectual and spiritual resistance of Estonians in those years, in other words their refusal to accept the ruling ideology, has been studied very little. The most widespread way of putting up intellectual and spiritual resistance was to remain silent, in other words to avoid creating works that were agreeable to the authorities. Selective silence, that is the selection of one’s points of emphasis, and splitting, in other words writing for oneself works that one keeps in one’s drawer while at the same time writing for publication in print, are also placed in this category. Recording actual history in diaries through the eyes of contemporaries of events, reading intellectually and spiritually enjoyable literature, and other such actions were ways of putting up intellectual and spiritual resistance.
The main objective of this study is to ascertain in historical context the attempts to put up intellectual and spiritual resistance in the comedies from the 1940s by Hugo Raudsepp (1883–1952), one of the most outstanding Estonian playwrights of the 20th century. Ideologically speaking, dramatic literature was clearly one of the most vulnerable branches of literature. It was created for public presentation in theatres, after all, for which reason authors had to be particularly careful in their wording. On the other hand, plays provided both authors and directors with opportunities to conceal messages between the lines. For this reason, theatre became exceedingly popular in Estonia by the final decades of the Soviet era. The ridicule and mocking of the Soviet regime were especially enjoyed.
The subjugation of Estonian intellectual and spiritual life to the ideological requirements of the occupying regime was launched at the time of pre-war Stalinism (1940–1941). Its aim was to rear Soviet-minded people who would help to justify, fortify and enhance the Soviet regime. The systematic control of the activities of creative persons and the working out of dictates and regulations were nevertheless not yet completed during the first year of Soviet rule. Many outstanding cultural figures remained silent or earned a living by translating texts. At that time, Hugo Raudsepp wrote the non-political novel Viimne eurooplane [The Last European], which is noteworthy to this day, while his plays from the period of independent Estonian statehood were not staged in theatres.
Starting with the German occupation (1941–1944), the point of departure for Hugo Raudsepp was writing between the lines in his comedies in order to get both readers and theatregoers to think and to give them strength of soul. In 1943, he wrote the comedy Vaheliku vapustused [Interspatial Jolts], which has later been styled as a masterpiece. He concealed numerous signs between the lines of this play referring to the fate of a small people, in other words Estonia, between its great neighbouring powers the Soviet Union and Germany. Performances of this play were soon banned. Performances in theatres of all other plays by Hugo Raudsepp were similarly banned, with one exception.
During post-war Stalinism in 1944–51, the sovietisation of Estonian cultural life resumed. Hugo Raudsepp did not initially write on topical Soviet themes, rather he sought subject matter from earlier times. His first play from that period entitled Rotid [Rats] (1946) was about the German occupation during the Second World War and it ridiculed the occupying Germans. Raudsepp also skilfully wove messages supporting Estonian cultural identity into the play. The play was staged in the Estonia Theatre but was soon banned.
Raudsepp’s second play from that period, Tagatipu Tiisenoosen (1946), earned first prize at the state comedy competition in that same year. The action in the play was set in the period of Estonian National Awakening at the end of the 19th century. It ridiculed Baltic Germans and the behaviour of parvenu Estonians. Similarly to his previous play, he demonstrated nationalist mentality in this comedy by way of nationalist songs. It is noteworthy that by the summer of 1947, Tagatipu Tiisenoosen had also reached expatriate Estonians and it was staged with an altered title as the only Stalinist- era play from Soviet Estonia in Canada (1952), Australia (1954) and Sweden (1956).
The thematic precepts imposed on Estonian writers and the mechanism for ensuring that those precepts were followed became even stricter starting in 1947. Raudsepp wrote his next 7 plays on required Soviet subject matter: post-war land reform (Tillereinu peremehed [The Owners of Tillereinu], 1947), monetary reform (Noorsulane Ilmar [Ilmar the Young Farmhand], 1948), kolkhozes (Küpsuseksam [Matriculation Exam] and Lasteaed [Kindergarten], 1949, Mineviku köidikuis [In the Fetters of the Past] (1950) and his so-called Viimane näidend [Last Play], 1950 or 1951), and the beginning of the Soviet regime in Estonia in 1940 (Pööripäevad Kikerpillis [Solstices in Kikerpill], 1949). Hugo Raudsepp skilfully wove words of wisdom for Estonians on surviving under foreign rule through the mouths of his characters, or discreetly laughed about Soviet reality in a way that the censors did not grasp.
Post-war cultural policy culminated with the 8th Plenum of the Estonian Communist (Bolshevist) Party (EC(B)P) Central Committee on 21–26 March 1950, where among other things, the EC(B)P Central Committee Bureau was accused of allowing the exaltation of the superiority of Western European science and culture. Cultural figures were branded bourgeois nationalists and they faced serious ordeals. The fate of the great figure of Estonian dramatic literature was very harsh. Hugo Raudsepp was depicted as a ‘fascist henchman’ in 1950. He was expelled from the Estonian Writers’ Union and was deprived of his personal pension. He was arrested on 11 May 1951. Opposition to the Soviet regime was stressed in the charges presented to him. His play Vaheliku vapustused, which the German occupying regime had banned, and his only play that was allowed at that time, Lipud tormis [Flags in the Storm], were named as the primary evidence supporting the charges. Hugo Raudsepp was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in the autumn of 1951. He hoped to the last possible moment that he would be allowed to serve his sentence in Estonia. Unfortunately, on 18 February 1952 he was sent by train from Tallinn to Narva and on 19 February on to Leningrad. From there his journey took him to Vjatka, Kirov and finally Irkutsk oblast. This great man’s health was poor, and he soon died on 15 September 1952.
Very few new literary works appeared in the 1940s. The historical nadir is altogether seen in post-war book production in the era of Stalinism. Estonian theatre was similarly in a most difficult situation due to censorship, shortage of repertoire, scarcity of funding, and layoffs and sackings of theatre personnel. Nowadays the survival of theatre at the time, regardless of difficult times, is appreciated, and actors are recognised for preserving Estonian identity and uniting the people.
Hugo Raudsepp’s role as a playwright in supporting intellectual and spiritual resistance to foreign authorities has to be recognised on the basis of his occupation-era comedies. Hugo Raudsepp was one of the most productive authors of his day, writing a total of 11 plays in 1943–51. According to the assessment of scholars of literature, he never once rose with these works to the leading-edge level of his previous works. It was impossible to create masterpieces that would become classics in that time of strict ideological precepts and the monitoring of their observance. Taking into consideration the extremely restricted creative conditions, his works were still masterpieces of their time. As Hugo Raudsepp’s oeuvre demonstrates, spirit still managed to cleverly trump power regardless of censorship and official precepts. The denunciation of Stalin’s personality cult in 1956 once again opened the door to the theatre for Hugo Raudsepp’s best comedies from Estonia’s era of independent statehood. The witticism and laughter of Hugo Raudsepp’s comedies gave people renewed strength of soul.
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Kozirok, Witold, Ewa Babicz-Zielińska, and Bartłomiej Krzebietke. "An Assessment of the Consumption of Dietary Supplements by Players of Selected Sports." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2013-0012.
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Abstract Introduction. Increasing interest in dietary supplements designed for athletes is accompanied by an increase in the number of commercial vendors offering a broad range of dietary supplements. It is also followed by phenomenon of wide availability and as a consequence universality of application of this group of preparations. The goal of this research project was to assess the use of dietary supplements by players of selected sports with consideration given to sex, age, education, level of physical activity and training experience. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method with the aid of a survey written by the authors themselves. The study population consisted of 216 athletes (100 powerlifters and 116 volleyball players) ages 16÷30. Statistical analysis of empirical material was conducted on the χ2 basis of an test (p≤0.05 or higher). Results. A clear majority of subjects claimed to be convinced that diet and dietary supplementation exerted an important influence on their athletic performance. Despite giving their own diet a favorable assessment, more than 95% of respondents reported having difficulty following the diet, while simultaneously reporting the causes of this difficulty. The subjects rated their knowledge of how diet and supplementation enhance athletic performance as either average or very good. Their primary sources of knowledge on this subject were: the Internet, periodicals and promotional materials. The role of trainers, dieticians and physiologists was relatively insignificant. Around 64% of subjects reported general use of dietary supplements, while 72.7% claimed dietary supplementation to have a positive influence on their fitness and efficiency. The popularity of supplement use depended on the character of the athletic discipline. The most frequently used supplements were, in order of popularity: vitamin and mineral preparations, creatine, carbohydrate and protein supplements, BCAA and caffeine. The subjects were convinced that supplements for athletes, despite the various contraindications concerning their use and the presence of substances banned in certain sports, are not harmful to their health. Conclusion. Use of dietary supplements by athletes is universal and depends on the type of sport played.
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Altun, Muhammed. "Fine Spectra of Symmetric Toeplitz Operators." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/932785.
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The fine spectra of 2-banded and 3-banded infinite Toeplitz matrices were examined by several authors. The fine spectra ofn-banded triangular Toeplitz matrices and tridiagonal symmetric matrices were computed in the following papers: Altun, “On the fine spectra of triangular toeplitz operators” (2011) and Altun, “Fine spectra of tridiagonal symmetric matrices” (2011). Here, we generalize those results to the ()-banded symmetric Toeplitz matrix operators for arbitrary positive integer .
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Klopikhina, Vasilina. "Сreating the Narrative on the Cossacks’ History of the Civil War Era in the South of Russia in the System of the Soviet Ideology of the 1920s – 1930s." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2019): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.4.12.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of forming the narrative on the history of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks during the Civil war in the system of Istparts (Commissions on the history of the October revolution and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)) of the North Caucasus. The experts had not only the task to write a “different” history of modern times, but also to form a historical narrative, which was to reflect the interpretation of events permitted by the authorities as the basis for a new model of historical memory. Creating the narrative in the operation system of Istparts determined the principles of selecting material and formulating key research issues. Methods and materials. The study is based on the methodology of “new local history”. The author analyzes local historical narratives as images of the past created by Istparts of the North Caucasus with the help of discursive analysis. Analysis. The paper analyzes the interpretation of the Cossacks’ history in the period of the socio-political crisis. It was found that in the 1920s the attention of researchers was focused on the search for class differentiation and struggle in the Cossacks’ history. As a result, local historical narratives present an original interpretation of the Cossack stratification, which demonstrates the authors’ desire to present the history of the Cossacks in accordance with the methodological instructions of the Commission on the history of the October Revolution and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). At the same time, they reflect judgments that are not limited to the ideological paradigm. This is due to the fact that in local historical narratives it was not always possible to combine the peculiarities of the historical process in the region with the proposed scheme and settings of the center. In the 1930s, there was a change in substantial aspects of constructing a new model of historical memory and historical narrative as its basis associated with the assertion of Stalin’s sole power. Published works were publicly criticized and banned. The authors of such works were repressed in the era of the Great terror. At this time there appeared new ideological interpretations of the Cossacks’ history. Since 1936, the political campaign “for the Soviet Cossacks” had been reflecting in creating the narrative in the system of Istparts. Results. Scientific analysis of sources and coverage of complexity and ambiguity of the historical process in the region were replaced by simple but “correct” ideological statements. With the help of interpreting the past focusing research attention on class stratification and explanation of the Cossacks’ place in the history of the Civil war a new image of the Cossacks was formed in public consciousness.
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Redjeb, Youcef, Khatima Kaabeche-Djerafi, Anna Stoppato, and Alberto Benato. "The IRC-PD Tool: A Code to Design Steam and Organic Waste Heat Recovery Units." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 5611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185611.
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The Algerian economy and electricity generation sector are strongly dependent on fossil fuels. Over 93% of Algerian exports are hydrocarbons, and approximately 90% of the generated electricity comes from natural gas power plants. However, Algeria is also a country with huge potential in terms of both renewable energy sources and industrial processes waste heat recovery. For these reasons, the government launched an ambitious program to foster renewable energy sources and industrial energy efficiency. In this context, steam and organic Rankine cycles could play a crucial role; however, there is a need for reliable and time-efficient optimization tools that take into account technical, economic, environmental, and safety aspects. For this purpose, the authors built a mathematical tool able to optimize both steam and organic Rankine units. The tool, called Improved Rankine Cycle Plant Designer, was developed in MATLAB environment, uses the Genetic Algorithm toolbox, acquires the fluids thermophysical properties from CoolProp and REFPROP databases, while the safety information is derived from the ASHRAE database. The tool, designed to support the development of both RES and industrial processes waste heat recovery, could perform single or multi-objective optimizations of the steam Rankine cycle layout and of a multiple set of organic Rankine cycle configurations, including the ones which adopt a water or an oil thermal loop. In the case of the ORC unit, the working fluid is selected among more than 120 pure fluids and their mixtures. The turbines’ design parameters and the adoption of a water- or an air-cooled condenser are also optimization results. To facilitate the plant layout and working fluid selection, the economic analysis is performed to better evaluate the plant economic feasibility after the thermodynamic optimization of the cycle. Considering the willingness of moving from a fossil to a RES-based economy, there is a need for adopting plants using low environmental impact working fluids. However, because ORC fluids are subjected to environmental and safety issues, as well as phase out, the code also computes the Total Equivalent Warming Impact, provides safety information using the ASHRAE database, and displays an alert if the organic substance is phased out or is going to be banned. To show the tool’s potentialities and improve the knowledge on waste heat recovery in bio-gas plants, the authors selected an in-operation facility in which the waste heat is released by a 1 MWel internal combustion engine as the test case. The optimization outcomes reveal that the technical, economic, environmental, and safety performance can be achieved adopting the organic Rankine cycle recuperative configuration. The unit, which adopts Benzene as working fluid, needs to be decoupled from the heat source by means of an oil thermal loop. This optimized solution guarantees to boost the electricity production of the bio-gas facility up to 15%.
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Lobschat, Lara, Ernst C. Osinga, and Werner J. Reinartz. "What Happens Online Stays Online? Segment-Specific Online and Offline Effects of Banner Advertisements." Journal of Marketing Research 54, no. 6 (December 2017): 901–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0625.
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Many firms are allocating increasing parts of their advertising budgets to banner advertising. Yet, for firms that predominantly sell offline, existing research provides little guidance on online advertising decisions. In this study, the authors analyze the impact of banner advertising on consumers’ online and offline behavior across multiple distinct campaigns for one focal firm, which predominantly sells through the offline channel. Results suggest that banner and TV advertising increase website visit incidence for consumers who have not visited the focal firm's website in the previous four weeks (nonrecent online consumers). For these consumers, banner and TV advertisements indirectly increase offline sales through website visits. For consumers who have visited the firm's website in the previous four weeks (recent online consumers), the authors find evidence for a cross-campaign, brand-building effect of banner advertising, and TV ads also directly affect offline purchases. Overall, the findings indicate that for firms that predominantly (or even exclusively) sell offline, banner advertising is most suitable to generate awareness for a firm's new products among nonrecent online consumers, and to build their brand(s) among recent online consumers.
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Finnegan, Carol, Seng-Su Tsang, George Woodward, and Jean Chang. "Foreign retail banner longevity." International Marketing Review 36, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 887–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2018-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a robust examination of the factors that accelerate/decelerate the divestment timing of retail banners in international markets. Design/methodology/approach The sample represents 3,235 foreign market banner operations of 132 international retailers across 144 countries using an accelerated failure time (AFT) parametric survival modelling technique. Findings Banner divestment is accelerated by both weak financial performance and smaller size. Furthermore, there is a synergistic negative detriment to the combination of both factors on divestment. Banner divestment is decelerated by deploying the corporation’s dominant format in the home country. Moreover, inadequately performing dominant banners are allowed more time to turn around their operations than subpar non-dominant banners. Concurrently, when host country markets are growing, poorly performing dominant banners are given more time to improve performance. When home market performance weakens, smaller, poorly performing banner divestment is accelerated. Research limitations/implications The large data set covers more than half of the world so the authors are limited to observing corporate divestments without the benefit of the managerial decision-making process. The authors only have access to divestment data in annual units, which limits the ability to provide precise timing information. Though the authors have a wide variation in country conditions, data on smaller, poorer countries and domestic competitors is limited. Practical implications Small, poorly performing retail chains in foreign markets are divested faster than their counterparts. When retailers internationalize with their dominant chains, management tends to give these banners more time to succeed than non-dominant counterparts. Evidence also suggests that managers hesitate to withdrawal from a foreign market when the dominant banner is involved, regardless of a chain’s stunted growth and subpar performance. Originality/value This study provides the first examination of factors driving the divestment times of international retail chains using rigorous empirical survival time methodologies.
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Zvegintseva, Irina A. "A Criminal as the Main Movie Character, or Old Themes and New Solutions." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik83115-125.
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The former British colony, emerged as a place of exile for the most dangerous criminals and unreliable people from the metropolis, Australia began its existence very unenviable, appearing on the world map called "The Earths hell", which was used to frighten children in Europe. The fact is: the gene fund of the nation - the convicts, their guards, and adventurers came from all over Europe in hope of a better life. The first half of the 19th century Australia, in fact, remained a giant reforming home, a jail. And whatever paradoxical it might explain the significant number of films shot in the 20th and in 21st centuries with criminals as protagonists. When touching upon permanent plots and problems in Australian cinema, it should be noted that the "eternal" love of the inhabitants of the Green continent to the favorite national hero Ned Kelly, a former convict and burglar has not disappeared. In the minds of the Australians the burglar has become a symbol of the fighter against injustice, a sort of "Australian Robin Hood". The main characters of the movies were bushrangers in Australia called escaped convicts, pariahs of the society, hunting armed robberies and burglaries, hiding from justice in the vast valleys of the Australian Bush. Here, incidentally, there is a parallel with the American film industry that also has surpasses the rank of the most beloved and popular criminals in the country from Al Capone, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow up to Bugsy Siegel and John Dillinger. But soon such films were banned because of the monopolies of the USA and the UK movies on the Australian market. However, life itself has started to supply filmmakers with the stories that hardly could come to the minds of writers with the wildest imagination. The real horrible crimes and not less real maniacs, sadists, pedophiles, whose actions have forced to shudder the whole society, both in the past and the present, formed the basis of a number of films shot in Australia. The analysis of these movies, the authors' position, the artistic value of works have become the target of this article.
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Imambachri, Sapto Hadi, and Tiara Chandika. "ANALISA MOTIVASI KERJA PEGAWAI PT. ZTE INDONESIA." Jurnal Sekretari Universitas Pamulang 7, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/skr.v7i1.4558.
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ABSTRAK-Penelitian yang berjudul Analisa Motivasi Kerja Pegawai PT ZTE Indonesia bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan kerja karyawan, kinerja dan hambatan- komunikasi yang terjadi pada PT. ZTE Indonesia setelah PT ZTE Indonesia terkena larangan selama tujuh tahun tanpa suplai komponen yang berteknologi tinggi seperti chipset Qualcomm oleh Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2018. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepada 25 responden dan wawancara langsung terhadap pegawai PT ZTE Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai data primer serta menggunakan dokumen pendukung yang digunakan sebagai data sekunder. Kuesioner diberikan kepada responden dengan menggunakan skala likert kemudian di Analisa berdasarkan jumlah responden yang memilih untuk elemen – elemen yang ada pada skala Likert tersebut , maka berdasarkan analisa yang penulis dapatkan bahwa kepuasan kerja adalah 91,2%, komunikasi 90%, kinerja kerja 99,32% dan dikaitan dengan tingkat kehadiran karyawan 93,9% maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa karyawan PT.ZTE Indonesia mempunyai motivasi yang tinggi terhadap pekerjaan mereka. Meskipun demikian ruang perbaikan masih harus diperhatikan, terutama yang berdasarkan pengisian kuesioner pada elemen Setuju= S , masih cukup banyak. Kata Kunci : Motivasi Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja, Kinerja, Hambatan ABSTRACT-The research entitled Analysis of Employee Work Motivation at PT ZTE Indonesia aims to determine employee job satisfaction, performance and communication barriers that occur at PT. ZTE Indonesia after PT ZTE Indonesia was banned for seven years without the supply of high-tech components such as Qualcomm chipsets by the United States in 2018. This descriptive qualitative research was carried out using a questionnaire to 25 respondents and direct interviews with PT ZTE Indonesia's employees that were used as data primary as well as using supporting documents that are used as secondary data. The questionnaire was given to respondents using a Likert scale and then analyzed based on the number of respondents who chose to elements - elements on the Likert scale, then based on the analysis that the authors get that job satisfaction is 91.2%, communication 90%, work performance 99, 32% and associated with an attendance rate of 93.9%, it can be concluded that the employees of PT. ZTE Indonesia have high motivation towards their work. Nevertheless, room for improvement still needs to be considered, especially those based on filling out the questionnaire on the Agree = S element, there are still quite a lot. Keywords: Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Performance, Obstacles