Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Banques centrales – Afrique occidentale'
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Thiam, Ibrahima. "Place et rôle d'une banque centrale dans la stabilité financière et le promotion de la croissance économique@ : le cas de la BCEAO (Banque centrale des etats d'Afrique de l'ouest)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0051.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to analyse the contemporary interactions between monetary policy, financial stability, and economical growth, and to find out the privileged role of central banks. Indeed, with the financial globalisation, we are witnessing a growing complexity of central banks’ actions and, as a consequence, a blockage of the traditional transmission channels of monetary policy to the real economy. Moreover, the traditional objective of price stability is proving not sufficient to ensure financial stability. So, two fundamental questions can be raised: Should financial stability be a new mission of central banks? And do they have enough means to undertake this role? Our analysis results show that the current response leans toward an optimal coordination of different actors in the financial system with the primordial role of central banks. The specific study of countries in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) reveals that the Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO) is the centre of the financial stability strategy in the zone. Both macroeconomic (with the support of a financial instability equation) and microeconomic (with the support of bank bankruptcy model) studies show that the financial system is strong on the whole, but for setting the basics of a durable economic development and for ensuring the perenniality of financial stability, the best strategy for these countries is to supply a diversified production accompanied by a mixed exchange rate regime indexed on euro and dollar
Sangaré, Mamadou. "Le contrôle de l'activité des établissements de crédit dans les pays de l'Union économique et monétaire des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100049.
Full textThe study of realities inherent in the control of credit establishments' activities in West africa economic and monetary Union's countries demonstrates the embryonic nature of such establishments. First, because of the relatively recent establishment of credit institutions in these countries. Second, because of the institutional environment as well as the economic and monetary policies' inconsistencies. Finally, due to deficiencies in credit establishments' control mechanism, it is necessary to consider reforms of the Central bank, Banking commission, and the National credit committees. Furthermore, it is important to implement new coherent monetary policies in order to better control credit establishments in these countries, while adopting the new Mc Donough ratio which is in development
Yemene, Tchouata Emerand. "La régulation de l'activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude de la stabilité du système bancaire dans les régions de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et de l'UE." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020023.
Full textBanking regulation should be seen as the act of monitoring and controling banking, by subjecting the compliance with various standards to control risks to preserve the security of depositors , the stability of the financial system and major economic balances. To achieve this, the banking regulation is based mainly on regulation and supervision. Domestic banking systems have become increasingly interdependent, it is necessary to deal with threats in the same way , in a coordinated manner at the international level or at least at the regional level . Thus CEMAC and UEMOA have adopted in the aftermath of the 1990 crisis a control device marked by a plethora of regulations and community oversight bodies . Since the debt crisis in Europe, the regulation of banking has evolved in this region with the creation of the banking union . That said, the supervision of banks has been entrusted to the European Central Bank within the EU although it remains shared with the national authorities.In the course of this work, our task will be to compare the existing control devices in the CEMAC region , UEMOA , EU . We shall review and find how the regions of Central Africa, West Africa and Europe organize banking regulation in order to preserve the stability of their banks. To achieve this goal, a comparison of the various bodies responsible for the regulation and the main regulatory rules that exist in these regions are deemed necessary
Yade, Mouhamadou Lamine. "La réglementation prudentielle des banques : l'assurance des dépôts : une application au système bancaire ouest-africain." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10024.
Full textFinancial systems are playing a main role and constitute an essential part of our work. They ensure the mobilization of saving and allocation of credits, reduce activities risks, value risks prices and negotiate them. Their contribution in the economy depends on the services quantity and quality offered and on their effectiveness. In this thesis, we have tried to examine the banking system under a prudential regulation viewpoint. The study especially focuses on West African banks of WAMEU which endured an unprecedented crisis at the end of 80' years. Consequently, the authorities of WAMEU were under the necessity of laying down a prudential regulation at all financial establishments of the union. In a first part, we have tried to search reasons for such a crisis: is-it a mismanagement of banks? Or is-it an insufficiency of stringency in the application of prudential rules? After this crisis, authorities of guardianship were established debt-society to compensate depositors. In a second party, after a theorical and critical analysis of prudential regulation, we are asking for the pertinence of setting a deposits insurance system in WAMEU
Alpha, Barry Mamadou. "Demande de monnaie et optimalité de la politique monétaire de la banque centrale des États d'Afrique de l'Ouest (1960-1990)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010019.
Full textThe objective of this Ph. D. Dissertation is to determine, wether there exists a stable money demand function and, the impact of monetary policies of the central bank "bceao" on macroeconomic variables, namely, economic activity, price level, nets foreign assets, in order to define an optimal monetary policy of the central bank. To achieve this objective, an econometric investigation is made, using economic datas for the period 1960-1990. The dissertation is organised in two sections: section 1 reviews the theories of money demand and monetary policy and, section 2 is the empirical evidence of testing for equilibrium relationship between monetary aggregates and economic aggregates. The empirical results indicate : the validity of the quantity theory of money except for the ivory-coast and the benin, the non significance of the exchange rate. The interest rate plays a role, only, for Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast. The money demand is stable for Benin, Mali, Niger; instable for Senegal and, the results are mixte for Burkina, Ivory Coast and Togo. The inflation has a negative impact on economic growth and, finally, the domestic credits have an negative effect on nets foreign assets which are more correlated to the external shocks (i. E. The price level of commodities)
Egounlety, Epiphane. "L'endettement public dans les pays de la B. C. E. A. O. : endettement interne et externe : remise en cause des schémas théoriques existants." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100065.
Full textDiouf, Ibrahima. "Analyse positive de décisions de politique monétaire dans le cas des systèmes africains." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010002.
Full textPublic choice analysis shows that monetary policy is a result of bargain between the central bank and the government. Normative theory of monetary policy must be complete by a positive theory in order to take in consideration effective goals of central bankers. This approach take these references to political monetary cycle theories which underline influences of political on the monetary policy choices. Central bank has been established as responsible of monetary policy in industrialised countries with democratic insitutions. It seems that monetary decisions are influenced by either political and economical factors. We examine how this analysis can be applied to african countries. In this former case the central bank is more receptive to political influence, so its autonomy becomes limited. These characteristics result from the financial system constraints and a few level of democracy; but also from a ligh rate of political instability in these countries. As consequence the central bank can sometimes be a puppet or a robot to the treasury of fiscal authority which is synonymous with the government. Our study is going to formalise the behaviour of monetary authorities, regarding the specificities of political market and bureaucratic habits in African countries. We show that inflation choices are connected to bureaucratic goals. Empirical test generally confirm the relative primacy of political or and bureaucratic goals on economics objectives
Prao, Yao Séraphin. "La dimension monétaire du développement : une application à deux pays de l'UEMOA : la Côte d'Ivoire et le Sénégal." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21011.
Full textThis thesis examines the monetary dimension in the development process in Africa. Considering the case of two countries belonging to the Western African Economic and Monetary Union (known as UEMOA in French), Ivory Coast and Senegal, it shows that African countries have based their development strategies on policies that did not take into account the real importance of money and therefore of the banks in the development process. Taking as starting point of the study the theory of financial liberalization was essential for us to situate the context of the monetary policies of African countries. The first part of our research will focus on understanding the theory of McKinnon (1973). Once the internal coherence of his theory is studied, it appears that at the theoretical level, the monetary aspect is not valued because McKinnon's implicit monetary theory is the quantitative theory that considers money as a simple veil in transactions. The second part of our thesis will put an emphasis on the study of monetary financing of investment in a Keynesian and post-keynesian way of thinking. In defining monetary dimension as the ability of banks to create money while relying on a repayment promise, to finance an economic activity or just a project, our research shows that this aspect has been neglected in Africa. An inspired post-keynesian model is proposed to reflect the money aspect in financing development in Africa. We do hope that this thesis will contribute to an open debate on the role of money in the development process in Africa
Ouédraogo, Seydou. "Banques et transmission monétaire dans l'UEMOA : effets des bilans bancaires, de la concentration bancaire et de l'excès de liquidité bancaire sur l'efficacité de la politique monétaire de la BCEAO." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10364/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the double underperformance of financial liberalization policies in the WAEMU : the low bank credit and ineffectiveness of the monetary policy. Precisely it studies the impact of bank resilience on bank lending and on the monetary transmission.The thesis provides the following results : 1/ bank balance sheets alter the monetary transmission, small banks, less capitalized and less liquid banks, transmit more fully the monetary shocks 2/ bank concentration weakens the bank lending to the economy and the monetary policy effectiveness 3/ excess liquidity hampers bank lending and reduces the effectiveness of monetary transmission 4/ excess liquidity is related to bank concentration.The recommendations deal with the banking regulation, the strengthening of monetary policy as well as strategies for financial development
Diop, Aliou. "La Contribution à l'introduction d'un système d'assurance dépots explicite dans les pays de l' UEMOA : Essai théorique et empirique." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO0529.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a theoretical and empirical examination for a deposit insurance scheme in the WAEMU's countries. With the difference of the majority of the studies on the developing countries, this reflexion was for a long time goes away from the litterature of the WAEMU's countries. These countries which did not set up yet an explicit guarantee of the savings of the depositors. It seems to be at the present time a priority for these countries for several reasons : consequences of the banking bankruptcies of the Eighties in particular on the depositors and the banks ; the considerable development of informal finance because of the deterioration of the confidence of general public towards the formal intermediation ; the weekness of the rate of saving and bancarisation ; the small degree of financial deepening and banking fragility relatively high in several of these countries. More precisely, these prospective work has a double objective : (1) initially, to be interested in the justification and opportunity of a deposite insurance scheme in the countries of the UEMOA while taking as a starting point to the recent literatureon the effectiveness by an insurance deposits in the developing countries ; (2) and then, so establish an implicit pricing of deposits insurance for the banks of these countries. We propose a specification of an econometric model allowing to collect indicators banking, financial, macroeconomic and institutionnal of this implicit premium. Also, through this implicite pricing of deposite insurance, represent another measurement of the risk for the banks of these countries. Our principal results in highlighting a necessary taking into account for these countries of the financial, macroeconomic and institutionnal aspects in any risk management of the banks and by rebound in any program of pricing of insurance deposits
Chauvin, Sophie. "Problèmes liés à l'instauration d'une monnaie nationale et d'une politique monétaire indépendante pour un PVD : le cas de la Namibie." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010029.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the problems linked to the establishment of a national currency and of an independent monetary policy for a small country. The political independence of a country is generally followed by the issue of a national currency. The setting up of a sound monetary system as well as the establishment of a suitable exchange rate regime is thus required. Central banks are normally the institutional bodies responsible for the management of monetary and exchange policies, though a recourse to other means institutional or otherwise is possible. Member states of the imf have a large choice of exchange regimes. They can either peg their currency to a single currency or to a basket of currencies or decide to let their exchange rate float according to the market forces or to other adjustment mechanisms. Moreover, the interest in an optimal currency area has been revived with the creation of a common european currency unit. The choice of an exchange rate regime depends on the structural and economic characteristics of a country as well as the origin of internal and external shocks faced by it. These topics will be analysed on a theoretical level and applied to the namibian case. Being a member of the rand monetary area and later of the common monetary area, namibia could have only a limited control over its monetary policies
Nkodia, Kibo Mathat. "Les relations entre le trésor public francais et les banques centrales de la zone franc." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020004.
Full textThe monetary agreements of France and the CFA franc zone are based on the permanent free convertibility of the CFA. In this case, the French Treasury supports the free convertibility of the CFA franc into Euros and other currencies with a fixed change rate. The BCEAO and the BEAC accordingly cannot suffer from the lack of changes risk for, they are both guaranteed by France. Such a parity and interdependence principles inherited from the colonial period was renewed in the 1960's up to 2005 reforms. The main goals of this cooperation are the economical development and monetary solidarity safety. Some institutions have been created in order to achieve those goals. In anticipation of the coming of the Euro in 1999, the competent French authorities convinced the European Union to maintain the monetary agreements France has with the African countries using the CFA currency. Nevertheless, such agreements compound some shortcomings which require new ideas
Touré, Mamadou. "Espace monétaire - emprunt extérieur : réflexion sur les systèmes de paiement, l'endettement extérieur et les conditions de développement économique dans les pays des espaces monétaires de la zone franc en Afrique." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE009.
Full textThis thesis is based on the general supposition that international monetary cooperation between monetary spaces is beneficial if it is a vector of social and economic development. The aim of the thesis is to consider the problems concerning the organisation of payment systems and the conditions of economic development of freee zone african countrie s "zone franc" in the light of the theory of monetary sapce and external borrowing. The reflection is centred on the payment systems within the monetary space and between the monetary spaces (problem of external borrowing). An understanding of the concept of monetary space enables a critical analysis to be made of the monetary and financial strategies affecting the social and economic evolution in african countries belonging to free zone african countries "zone franc". In order to determine the perverse effects which bring about the destruction of possibilities for economic transformation in the free zone african countries "zone franc", this thesis examines the question of international payments. As a matter of fact, it seeks to etablish a different viewpoint in opposition to the traditional theories on which are based the studies on the monetary and financial relations between monetary spaces. Held hostage and damaged by external borrowing, the national economies of the "zone franc" african countries desintegrate by dint of structural adjustement proposed by IMF, the BIRD and the french public treasury. It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the currency
Noupoyo, Gabriel. "Les banques centrales africaines et la conduite de la politique budgétaire nationale : les exemples de la B.C.E.A.O. et de la B.E.A.C. : aspects juridiques et financiers." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40013.
Full textSarr, Fodé Sira. "Les effets asymétriques d'une politique monétaire unique : cas de l'Union économique et monétaire Ouest africaine (U.E.M.O.A)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G026.
Full textYao, Odile, and Odile Yao. "Le rôle de la chambre de compensation dans l'usage du chèque au regard de la bancarisation : une étude de droit comparé Canada - France - UEMOA." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25560.
Full textThèse en cotutelle: Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université de Paris Dauphine, Paris, France.
Le paiement par chèque par le biais de la chambre de compensation jouit d’une importance capitale pour tout pays, en ce sens qu’il favorise – s’il est généralisé à l’ensemble d’une société donnée – la «bancarisation» de la population, laquelle bancarisation conduit inéluctablement au développement économique du pays dans lequel un tel système est implanté. C’est autour de cette affirmation que se fera la démonstration de notre thèse de doctorat portant sur «le rôle de la chambre de compensation dans l’usage du chèque, au Canada, en France et dans l’UEMOA , au regard de la bancarisation». Il s’agit d’une étude de droit comparé qui, tout en mettant en exergue la place qu’occupe le paiement par chèque dans les pays visés par l’étude, démontrera que, quelles que soient les solutions adoptées par chacun de ces pays, ce postulat reste indéniable : selon que la population d’un pays donné l’accepte bien ou mal – à cause de la méfiance qu’il peut susciter et des incidents de paiement qui peuvent l’accompagner –, le paiement par chèque via la chambre de compensation conduit immanquablement, ou devient une entrave, à la bancarisation de cette population. Or, sans bancarisation, il ne saurait y avoir, dans un pays donné, de solutions durables d’implantation d’une telle chambre, et partant, d’un système bancaire efficient, sève nourricière de l’économie nationale. Car il est établi que la solidité et la fiabilité du système bancaire sont toujours à la racine de l’essor du développement économique du pays dans lequel la chambre de compensation est implantée.
Le paiement par chèque par le biais de la chambre de compensation jouit d’une importance capitale pour tout pays, en ce sens qu’il favorise – s’il est généralisé à l’ensemble d’une société donnée – la «bancarisation» de la population, laquelle bancarisation conduit inéluctablement au développement économique du pays dans lequel un tel système est implanté. C’est autour de cette affirmation que se fera la démonstration de notre thèse de doctorat portant sur «le rôle de la chambre de compensation dans l’usage du chèque, au Canada, en France et dans l’UEMOA , au regard de la bancarisation». Il s’agit d’une étude de droit comparé qui, tout en mettant en exergue la place qu’occupe le paiement par chèque dans les pays visés par l’étude, démontrera que, quelles que soient les solutions adoptées par chacun de ces pays, ce postulat reste indéniable : selon que la population d’un pays donné l’accepte bien ou mal – à cause de la méfiance qu’il peut susciter et des incidents de paiement qui peuvent l’accompagner –, le paiement par chèque via la chambre de compensation conduit immanquablement, ou devient une entrave, à la bancarisation de cette population. Or, sans bancarisation, il ne saurait y avoir, dans un pays donné, de solutions durables d’implantation d’une telle chambre, et partant, d’un système bancaire efficient, sève nourricière de l’économie nationale. Car il est établi que la solidité et la fiabilité du système bancaire sont toujours à la racine de l’essor du développement économique du pays dans lequel la chambre de compensation est implantée.
Aguessy, Amédée. "Contrôle de l'émission monétaire et union monétaire ouest africaine." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100177.
Full textAt their early independency, the African nations from the "zone franc" assembled themselves into monetary unions. One of them, the West African monetary union (umoa) concerns seven countries essentially agricultural with low income its achievement is based upon conventional clauses between: the African nations of umoa (a common currency and thosuing institute, all those states and France due to the existence of an "operating account" in the French treasury. Even though the mechanisms of the "operating account" in favor the African countries are very complex to apply; the conventional clauses allow France to have enormous privileges. Particularly, the permit France to participate in the choice of the monetary policy instruments, to be member of the administration bureau of bceao and he have the right of veto. Bceao is under the control of French treasury and umoa is no more than a "hunting zone". The instruments of the monetary control copied on the French model are quite the same in all the member states. They don't always take into account the African specifies; the diversities of economic situations, the diversities banking institutions predominated by the foreign banks. Finally, the crisis and instability of the international financial markets the excessive creation and the generalizing fluctuation of the main currencies of transaction precisely us dollar, perturbed seriously the monetary management of the African countries. The imported inflation, the external debt and the systematical imf'measures-gainst which those countries have no solution, constitute a brake for their development and a major cause of poverty. In front of such defavorizing structure it would be better to have a new monetary union without France. A union where each member state will have its national currency and issuing institute. The whole being under the control of a supranational bank issuing a common currency for all the member states. He will represented the union in front of the foreign countries an IMF
Kra, Yves. "Les modes d’organisation des banques et des institutions de microfinance dans le développement : le cas des pays de l’UEMOA." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD014.
Full textThis thesis is based on two central questions whose purpose is to explain why and how the institutional complementarity should be organized between banks and microfinance institutions (MFIs) to effectively finance the development process of WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) countries. The banking aspects of Gerschenkron’s catch-up theory are adapted to the large informal context of the WAEMU economies. At empirical level, the independent and private processes of Complementarity between Banks and Microfinance institutions (CBM) are scarce in WAEMU as long as banks avoid risks associated with adaptation to microfinance customers, and MFIs are not efficient for infrastructure modernization and expansion. Thus, to implement CBM processes, the neo-institutionalist framework of hybridity of the firm and the international best practices in microfinance are mobilized in order to clarify the role of public authorities towards private financial actors, including the mobile banking operators
Boilève, Félix. "Une "Banque du savoir" ? Enquête sur la nature et la politique de l'expertise de la Banque mondiale." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM023.
Full textIn the 1990s, the World Bank was facing an unprecedented crisis, due to the consequences of structural adjustment programs and of some projects it financed, which were considered harmful by many. The response of the international institution was to describe itself as a “Knowledge Bank”, claiming by this term that its primary value lied in its development knowledge, while acknowledging the political nature and the need to transform this knowledge. This thesis takes up this self-description and investigates the current nature of this Knowledge Bank. To this end, ethnographic studies, mainly in West Africa, were conducted on knowledge that the World Bank itself has identified as one of its prominent concern: the knowledge embedded in its development interventions (projects, technical assistance). By discussing mainly the literature in anthropology of development, and building upon relevant work in Science and technology studies, the thesis identifies an “expertise as operation” at the heart of these interventions. This expression denotes the actions undertaken by World Bank experts (consultants, project managers) to construct or transform the identities and problems of individual or collective entities, through the production and mobilisation of knowledge about them, and often by ensuring that these entities seize upon this knowledge about themselves. The choice made in the thesis to analyse economic interventions (support for the competitiveness of an economic sector, support for the development of entrepreneurship, or research on industrial policies) allows for an in-depth analysis of the much criticized neoliberal and “economicist” policy of the World Bank, so as to show that the politics of the institution cannot be reduced to those aspects, and is primarily embedded in these operations of expertise on identities and problems
Sall, Abdoul Khadry. "Les perspectives de ciblage de l'inflation dans les pays de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0507/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on evaluating the "Prospects of Inflation Targeting in the WAEMU countries" in the wakeof the new institutional reform followed by the WAMU and the BCEAO. This reform must be accompanied byan explicit operational strategy insofar as its major innovations are very close to a policy of inflation targeting.Accordingly, we assess the impact of monetary policy of the BCEAO that focused on fixed exchange ratesince independence. In this respect, we manifest the inability of the fixed exchange rate policy to anchorinflation expectations in the WAEMU countries and the potential contribution regarding the announcement oftarget in controlling inflation (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrate, on the one hand, that the fixedexchange rate policy was not the cause of inflation contained in the WAEMU, and on the other, it providespoor results in terms of high and sustained economic growth (Chapter 2). Consequently, we recommend aframework of combination of an intermediate exchange rate regime and an inflation targeting strategy forWAEMU countries. Hence, an inflation target has been determined and it appears to be different from onecountry to another, against the 2% target announced by the Monetary Policy Committee of the BCEAO(Chapter 3). Finally, we define the inflation targeting rule, and show that the best optimal rule that monetaryauthorities adopt in an inflation targeting framework should ideally, reconciles nominal anchor and economicregulation (Chapter 4)
Kenda, Nitedem Eric. "Stockage thermique à base d'éco-matériaux locaux pour centrale solaire à concentration : cas du pilote CSP4AFRICA." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0052/document.
Full textConvinced of the interest and potential of natural materials and industrial waste, this thesis has contributed to the development of heat storage materials (TESM) for CSPs in West Africa. More specifically, this research focused on the valorization of laterite from Burkina Faso, the bottom ashes from the coal-fired power plants of SONICHAR in Niger, residues of calcium carbonate (lime) from the acetylene in Burkina Faso and the vegetable oil of Jatropha curcas from the company Belwet in Burkina Faso. The results of this study showed that Jatropha curcas oil can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional HTF and TESM for CSP operating at 210 °C. The materials elaborated from bottom ashes and laterites present a refractory character due to the presence of mullite and spinel. The addition of lime makes it possible to reduce the melting temperature while preserving the refractory and conductive character of the obtained phases. Due to their stabilities, and the absence of conflict of use, the obtained materials can be used as TESM in CSP at temperatures up to 900 °C