Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Banques – Droit – Afrique centrale'
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Mouafo, Tambo Blaise Désiré. "La prévention et le traitement des difficultés bancaires : (étude comparée de droit français et de droit des pays africains de la zone franc)." Paris 13, 2010. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2010_mouafo_tambo.pdf.
Full textThe persistence of banking crises bears witness to the vulnerability of banks despite the elaboration of a specific legal framework. Also, if a bank fails and bankruptcy proceedings are opened against it, the chances of recovery are virtually none and some interests are often sacrificed. Using examples from France and African franc zone countries, this thesis proposes a comparative study of the mechanisms of the prevention and treatment of the difficulties that confront the banking industry during the course of its operation. This study shows that the law is not fully consistent with the framework and the requirements of banking activities and demonstrates that it is essential to improve it. Some adjustments must be made both before and after a bank goes bankrupt. Beforehand it is important to take into account the peculiarities of the context in which banks operate in the implementation of the prudential framework. Afterwards, it is important to ensure that the rules relating to receivership and liquidation of assets take into account the requirements and the specificities of the banking industry, both in domestic law as part of an international bankruptcy. The use of certain common law exception mechanisms such as multilateral netting of debt or postponement of the effect of the bankruptcy ruling or the introduction of a deposit insurance mechanism is sometimes essential. By confronting French law with the law that is in force in France and both zones that constitute the African franc zone, to same questions, this work is part of the internationalization of banking industry and the need to consider solutions that take into account the varying contexts of banking operations
Ogandaga, Ndiaye Gilles. "La Banque mondiale et la protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0025.
Full textCentral Africa is an area confronted with an interference of most alarming evils as regards development. Lower economic activity, crisis of the structures of development, poverty of the population, to which are added an overexploitation of the natural resources. This crisis to reorientate the action of many organisations of development towards a taking into account of environmental problems in their strategies of development. Thus it of the World bank is. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the interventions of the World bank in the field of environmental protection in Central Africa. It comes out from this study that, although the prime objective of this institution is not environmental protection, environmental problems are now located at the heart of the strategy of development of the World bank. That results in the increase in the wallet of projects allocated with the environmental protection, then by the development of tools intended for the management of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development
Bybi, Christian Georges. "La sécurisation des relations banque-clients en zone C. E. M. A. C : Le cas du Cameroun." Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS022S.
Full textThe contact, act of prevision, is not always enough to ensure the safety of the parties. The purpose of the present thesis is to research alternative legal means that could insure a perfect safety of the bank operations in the E. M. C. C. A. The study of examined measures illustrates the appearance of a strong intervention of the public. Authorities considering the research of such a safety. This intervention opens the way to the creation of a special law that derogates the common law. As a result, the law of securisation of the bank-client emerges, which is particularly apparent in the deposit and credit contract. Nevertheless, the safety of the bank-client relations in imperfect. It is compromised by a legislative policy that consisted in tranferring without a previous critical examination, the French law in this economic and judicial area
Yemene, Tchouata Emerand. "La régulation de l'activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude de la stabilité du système bancaire dans les régions de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et de l'UE." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020023.
Full textBanking regulation should be seen as the act of monitoring and controling banking, by subjecting the compliance with various standards to control risks to preserve the security of depositors , the stability of the financial system and major economic balances. To achieve this, the banking regulation is based mainly on regulation and supervision. Domestic banking systems have become increasingly interdependent, it is necessary to deal with threats in the same way , in a coordinated manner at the international level or at least at the regional level . Thus CEMAC and UEMOA have adopted in the aftermath of the 1990 crisis a control device marked by a plethora of regulations and community oversight bodies . Since the debt crisis in Europe, the regulation of banking has evolved in this region with the creation of the banking union . That said, the supervision of banks has been entrusted to the European Central Bank within the EU although it remains shared with the national authorities.In the course of this work, our task will be to compare the existing control devices in the CEMAC region , UEMOA , EU . We shall review and find how the regions of Central Africa, West Africa and Europe organize banking regulation in order to preserve the stability of their banks. To achieve this goal, a comparison of the various bodies responsible for the regulation and the main regulatory rules that exist in these regions are deemed necessary
Njaboum, Jessica-Joyce. "La réglementation bancaire des pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC) : essai de contribution pour un système bancaire optimal." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100180.
Full textCEMAC State members have recently experienced a strong economic growth. However, their relatively high rate of population growth is driving them to accelerate their GDP in order to create enough jobs, especially for the youth. This thesis is based on the premise that a banking system is key to financing growth. The goal is therefore to determine the keys to sustainable economic growth in this particular region. The improvement of banking governance, the strengthening of banks involvement in the financing of the economic zone, the supervision and control of banks activity and the compliance with its standards regulation is necessary to avoid systemic risks and to preserve the security of the depositors which ultimately guarantees the banking and economic stability of a State and enhances its growth. Despite a low rate of bancarization and active microfinance, the sub regional banking system is looking for a legal framework that will enable it to meet the challenge of financing development through banking inclusion and bancarization. In order for it to happen, we must consider the role of the BEAC in pursuing these objectives and the obsolescence of the banking monopoly in the CEMAC zone
Nkodia, Kibo Mathat. "Les relations entre le trésor public francais et les banques centrales de la zone franc." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020004.
Full textThe monetary agreements of France and the CFA franc zone are based on the permanent free convertibility of the CFA. In this case, the French Treasury supports the free convertibility of the CFA franc into Euros and other currencies with a fixed change rate. The BCEAO and the BEAC accordingly cannot suffer from the lack of changes risk for, they are both guaranteed by France. Such a parity and interdependence principles inherited from the colonial period was renewed in the 1960's up to 2005 reforms. The main goals of this cooperation are the economical development and monetary solidarity safety. Some institutions have been created in order to achieve those goals. In anticipation of the coming of the Euro in 1999, the competent French authorities convinced the European Union to maintain the monetary agreements France has with the African countries using the CFA currency. Nevertheless, such agreements compound some shortcomings which require new ideas
Tchuinte, Joël. "L'Application effective du droit communautaire en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0549/document.
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Mbassi, Bedjoko. "Élections, alternances et stabilité en Afrique centrale : le droit électoral et les pratiques politiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010258.
Full textGnimpieba, Tonnang Édouard. "Droit matériel et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique centrale : contribution à l'études des mutations récentes du marché intérieur et du droit de la concurrence CEMAC." Nice, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441405.
Full textMahamat, Nasser Hassane. "Les lois pétrolières en Afrique centrale, les dispositions environnementales : efficacité et harmonisation." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4004.
Full textMoyen, Godefroy. "Le régime international des pêches maritimes en Afrique centrale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32035.
Full textAhamat, Hamid Mahamat. "Les stratégies des entreprises françaises face à la crise économique en Afrique centrale : le cas des banques et des assurances." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010042.
Full textFor several years, central african countries have been experiencing a major and unprecedented economic, financial and political crisis. Its effect upon firms established in this region have been unevenly felt especially by foreign banks and insurance firms. The aim of this thesis is to scrutinize the strategic solutions of french banks and insurance firms to the crisis. According to the survey carried out, as well as from intervgiews and inquiries, its seems that french firms, by contrast with what one could have expected meaning a massive outflow of capital given the extent of ther crisis, have rather chosen to maintain their business whilst adapting their strategies. These strategies have taken various forms : strategies aimed at refocusing their activities, taking majority interest and selecting their market segment. The main reazson behind the choice of such strategies is linked with the old-aged establishment of these firms, harking back to the colonisation period
Villard, Duran Camila. "L'encadrement juridique de l'accountability de la politique monétaire : une étude de la Banque centrale brésilienne (Bacen), de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) et de la Réserve fédérale des États-Unis (Fed)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010266.
Full textMonteagudo, Manuel. "L' indépendance de la banque centrale : aspects juridiques." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010299.
Full textMoulengui, Stéphane. "La construction et l'évolution du système bancaire en Afrique centrale, des années 1950 aux années 1980." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30074.
Full textThe origin of the African banks at the beginning is incontestably related to the progressive rise of the relations between the European countries and their colonies. From this rise was born from strong trade which encourages finally the metropolises to supply their monetary in cash colonies. To concretize that, of the institutions common to several territories, like the banks of issue deprived in free zone are created. The aim of all these banks is obviously to ensure the emission of the legal tender, and to grant the appropriations necessary in order to support the health of the trade of draft or the development of the territories. It is necessary to await the years 1940 and post-independence, for finally attending a generalized offensive of the bankers who intensify their establishment more. From now on, overseas, becomes a surface of sharp competition where each bank seeks to benefit from this market in full growth. The accession of the countries of central Africa to independence works a new banking reinforcement which implies the Africans in the management and the participation of the banks. Independences devote in central Africa, the birth of a new banking reinforcement: the creation of establishments of local right. The trade of the bank such as it is practised in Africa, does not move away from the Western practice. But the risks large and are accentuated by the lack of competences as regards banking management. The banking structure of central Africa undergoes a crisis at the beginning of the years 1980. Fruit of the conjunction of several bad parameters, it is the result of an exaggerated accumulation of errors of management. The great innovation brought for redynamiser this sector is incontestably, the installation of a body of monitoring independent, charged to ensure the supervision of the banking structure. It is about the banking Commission of central Africa (COBAC)
Abeghe, Minto'o Joëlle. "Les droits de la femme en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010312.
Full textWomen's rights in Gabon, the Congo, the republic of centraafrica and Tchad as they appear nowadays from an international point of view, originate from human right lawmaking in 1789 and in 1948 ; they stemmed from main declarations on human rights. These texts didn't take women into consideration adequately, so they were strengthend by specifical conventions. Examples to be cited are : the convention on political rights in 1952, the convention on the nationality of married women in 1957 and the convention on the elimination of any kind of discrimination regarding women in 1979. Although encouraged by onu projects in favour of women, women's rights achievements are very slow in internal lawmaking, and particularly in it's effects. The different constitutions after the independance have established equality of rights but in practice matters turn out differently. Family rights, labour rights and penal rights are discriminating issues against which women still need to struggle. But women suffer from important handicaps : analfabetism, customs, family responsabilities. Law should be considered as a support for women, not as a shortcoming and neither as the establishment of secular habits in favour of one sexe. In our undertaking we shall lay the foundation of a franc debate on the situation of women in our countries. We shall do this in order to bring up suggestions for possible reconsideration of positive lawmaking applied to women, for a fairer conception of law. How to attain this objective ? Possible solutions can be found in the conclusion of our thesis
Dianga, Nganzi Jean Pierre Pedro. "Le droit du marché en zone de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (C. E. M. A. C) : du droit national du Gabon vers le droit communautaire." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10008.
Full textBadziokela, Merlin. "Le droit du travail dans les états d'Afrique centrale : particularités et ressemblances." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0035.
Full textEmployment law in African french speaking countries is very similar and possess the same particularities can be noticed throughout their evolution. Modern Employment law began with the law of 15 december 1952 which instituted a code of employment for french colonies. During the 60s, Equatorial african french colonies became independent states. As a consequence, political leaders and legislators changed. Each state instituted its own national code of employment which incorporated its own economic, political and social realities. During the 90s, economic, political and social evolution forced the governments to adopt democratic institutions and to convert to economic liberalism. They set up legislative and structural reform. Following the example of other african countries, Cameroon, the Central african Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Gabon and Chad, they began the revision of their own code of employment respectively. They created the central african economic and Monetary Commitee (CEMAC) in charge of following the economic reform. Since early 2000, african countries are, in general, more and more concerned with the globalization phenomena. Their marginalisation in the global economy remains worrying. To restrict this marginalisation, african countries have pushed forward with the solution of legal and economic integration at regional level. It is in this context of regional integration that the harmonisation of employment law has been founded. This has taken place within the framework of a treaty of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Buiness Law in Africa (OHADA)
Priso, Essawe Samuel-Jacques. "Intégration économique et droit en Afrique Centrale : étude de la zone U.D.E.A.C." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10019.
Full textMulumba, Christian. "Intégration institutionnelle et informalité transfrontelière en Afrique Centrale : Contribution à l'étude des rapports entre le droit et le réalité dans un processus d'intégration communautaire." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0064.
Full textThiam, Ibrahima. "Place et rôle d'une banque centrale dans la stabilité financière et le promotion de la croissance économique@ : le cas de la BCEAO (Banque centrale des etats d'Afrique de l'ouest)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0051.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to analyse the contemporary interactions between monetary policy, financial stability, and economical growth, and to find out the privileged role of central banks. Indeed, with the financial globalisation, we are witnessing a growing complexity of central banks’ actions and, as a consequence, a blockage of the traditional transmission channels of monetary policy to the real economy. Moreover, the traditional objective of price stability is proving not sufficient to ensure financial stability. So, two fundamental questions can be raised: Should financial stability be a new mission of central banks? And do they have enough means to undertake this role? Our analysis results show that the current response leans toward an optimal coordination of different actors in the financial system with the primordial role of central banks. The specific study of countries in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) reveals that the Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO) is the centre of the financial stability strategy in the zone. Both macroeconomic (with the support of a financial instability equation) and microeconomic (with the support of bank bankruptcy model) studies show that the financial system is strong on the whole, but for setting the basics of a durable economic development and for ensuring the perenniality of financial stability, the best strategy for these countries is to supply a diversified production accompanied by a mixed exchange rate regime indexed on euro and dollar
Guemedi, Yao Inyéza. "La bancarisation des entreprises africaines dites informelles : approche juridique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERSA004.
Full textInformal enterprises in Africa are those that do not fit classical legal categorisations of business, and / or that operate outside of established legal frameworks, particularly in the area of book-keeping. However, these enterprises for their development, require financing from banks which of course operate within established legal frameworks. The challenge for the banking sector, therefore, lies in providing customised services that take into account the specificities of this class of clientele : their educational level, management techniques, socio-economic an cultural realities, etc. The thesis examines how thes specificities can be factored by the banking sector in the creation of structures and in the provision of services adapted to this very important "sector" of African economies. Similarly, these specificities provide a basis for proposing client-friendly collaterals and forms of credit
Mazigui-Ngoue, Eulalie. "Le transport multimodal des marchandises de la zone CEMAC." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT4002.
Full textJuly 05th, 1996 in Libreville-Gabon, the six countries of CEMAC composed of Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic and Chad adopted an Inter-states convention on the multimodal transport of goods practicing in their sub-region, and which came into force the same day. This convention which is the only one nowadays, among all juridical systems worldwide, in terms of applicable positive right in the field, seldom acts, after ten years of existence, as legal basics in a decision of justice or in an arbitration sentence. Besides, we observe in an incomplete manner that this convention is not applied as part of the internal multimodal transport of goods of the states of CEMAC, creating a lacuna in the law thereabouts. This lacuna in the law is filled up by palliatives resolutions, and by a worry of normative creation, as well on behalf of the professionals, that African legislator
Mpayimana, Paul. "Le droit à l'éducation et l'enfant réfugié en Afrique centrale : cas du Gabon." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS012S.
Full textEveryone has the right to education. In this context, the refugee child shall benefit alongside other children living in their countries. Unfortunately, our research shows that this right is far from being met. In Gabon, several factors combine to hinder the education of refugee children: the trauma of children, poverty and insecurity of the parents, school climate and the organization of the educational system which is adverse to learning and the lack of socio-cultural teachings. Solving these problems requires the involvement and collaboration of different actors. The school should provide opportunities to expand the content of socio-cultural education of origin countries, moralize the school environment and professionalize teaching. Refugees should receive assistance at social, psychological and economic levels, so that every child has access to school and learn in good conditions. Host populations should be prepared to manage the inevitable coexistence in peace with the refugees. Refugee children, meanwhile, need unconditionally a psychotherapeutic assistance in order to digest the situation they are into and continue to learn. These few thoughts force UNHCR to strengthen its capacities and States to meet their commitments
Gnimpieba, Tonnang Edouard. "DROIT MATERIEL ET INTEGRATION SOUS REGIONALE EN AFRIQUE CENTRALE : CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DU DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE DE LA COMMUNAUTE ECONOMIQUE ET MONETAIRE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (CEMAC)." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441405.
Full textSue, Virginie. "Le conflit potentiel pour la Banque Centrale entre les objectifs de stabilité des prix et de stabilité financière : fondements, analyses et perspectives." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020057.
Full textBavibidila-Koussengoumouna, Roger. "Le régime juridique des axes mixtes de communication internationale en Afrique du Centre et de l'Ouest." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010295.
Full textCissé, Moussa. "Les Banques nationales de développement en Afrique Noire (avec référence plus spéciale à la Banque nationale de développement du Sénégal)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010292.
Full textTcheumalieu, Fansi Manuel Roland. "Les Stratégies de modernisation des instruments financiers de paiement : étude comparative Europe-Afrique." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4007.
Full textThe financial means of payment as weil as the means of debt settlement are real drivers of business development since their set up makes transactions more perfect. . - The need to enhancy strategies used to exploit these means of payement has imposed itself on our era which is domiiiated by NIT. Modem strategies which developed in Europe have henceforth enforce themselves in Africa thanks to changes in the systems ofpayment which highly,justifY the concem that monetary authorities and groups ofbanks have about assuring celerity and security in the new business environrnent through the set up of much more adapted means of payment. The interest of this study is to make a comparative judgement on the policies put in place in both continents which may surely lead to interpretation of analogies and notably of particularities
Banoukepa, Lin. "Contrats et diverses relations de travail en Centrafrique." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4018.
Full textBango, Ange. "L'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de la fiscalité dans les pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_bango_a.pdf.
Full textIn the countries of the CEMAC, the elaboration and the implementation of the taxation seems a complex stake. Indeed, if the Parliament formally remains the principal source of the taxation, in practice, it is the executive which has about it a true capacity of impulse. The tax texts of these countries are also marked by the influence of backers. Moreover, the process of sub-area integration has as a corollary the emer-gence of a Community pole of development of the tax policies, reducing the tax competence of the na-tional parliaments. These actors of the development of the taxation act and interact according to ration-alities' which are some different times, even contradictory; what is not without consequence at the stage of the implementation of the taxation. The inefficiency of the actors who are charged with this imple-mentation (financial controls, tax jurisdictions) make that the taxes which are enacted are not inevitably those which are applied in practice. To mitigate these insufficiencies, it is advisable to meet the condi-tions of a development of the taxation taking of account the economic and sociocultural environment of these countries. With this intention, and within sight of the experiments in progress, the participative approach must be developed. In order to come to an effective and efficiant application of the taxation, the action must also relate to the modernization of the tax services and the stimulation of the jurisdic-tional institution (in supplement of the role which can play the tax mediation). The restoration of the tax governance is at this price
Noupoyo, Gabriel. "Les banques centrales africaines et la conduite de la politique budgétaire nationale : les exemples de la B.C.E.A.O. et de la B.E.A.C. : aspects juridiques et financiers." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40013.
Full textYao, Odile, and Odile Yao. "Le rôle de la chambre de compensation dans l'usage du chèque au regard de la bancarisation : une étude de droit comparé Canada - France - UEMOA." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25560.
Full textThèse en cotutelle: Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université de Paris Dauphine, Paris, France.
Le paiement par chèque par le biais de la chambre de compensation jouit d’une importance capitale pour tout pays, en ce sens qu’il favorise – s’il est généralisé à l’ensemble d’une société donnée – la «bancarisation» de la population, laquelle bancarisation conduit inéluctablement au développement économique du pays dans lequel un tel système est implanté. C’est autour de cette affirmation que se fera la démonstration de notre thèse de doctorat portant sur «le rôle de la chambre de compensation dans l’usage du chèque, au Canada, en France et dans l’UEMOA , au regard de la bancarisation». Il s’agit d’une étude de droit comparé qui, tout en mettant en exergue la place qu’occupe le paiement par chèque dans les pays visés par l’étude, démontrera que, quelles que soient les solutions adoptées par chacun de ces pays, ce postulat reste indéniable : selon que la population d’un pays donné l’accepte bien ou mal – à cause de la méfiance qu’il peut susciter et des incidents de paiement qui peuvent l’accompagner –, le paiement par chèque via la chambre de compensation conduit immanquablement, ou devient une entrave, à la bancarisation de cette population. Or, sans bancarisation, il ne saurait y avoir, dans un pays donné, de solutions durables d’implantation d’une telle chambre, et partant, d’un système bancaire efficient, sève nourricière de l’économie nationale. Car il est établi que la solidité et la fiabilité du système bancaire sont toujours à la racine de l’essor du développement économique du pays dans lequel la chambre de compensation est implantée.
Le paiement par chèque par le biais de la chambre de compensation jouit d’une importance capitale pour tout pays, en ce sens qu’il favorise – s’il est généralisé à l’ensemble d’une société donnée – la «bancarisation» de la population, laquelle bancarisation conduit inéluctablement au développement économique du pays dans lequel un tel système est implanté. C’est autour de cette affirmation que se fera la démonstration de notre thèse de doctorat portant sur «le rôle de la chambre de compensation dans l’usage du chèque, au Canada, en France et dans l’UEMOA , au regard de la bancarisation». Il s’agit d’une étude de droit comparé qui, tout en mettant en exergue la place qu’occupe le paiement par chèque dans les pays visés par l’étude, démontrera que, quelles que soient les solutions adoptées par chacun de ces pays, ce postulat reste indéniable : selon que la population d’un pays donné l’accepte bien ou mal – à cause de la méfiance qu’il peut susciter et des incidents de paiement qui peuvent l’accompagner –, le paiement par chèque via la chambre de compensation conduit immanquablement, ou devient une entrave, à la bancarisation de cette population. Or, sans bancarisation, il ne saurait y avoir, dans un pays donné, de solutions durables d’implantation d’une telle chambre, et partant, d’un système bancaire efficient, sève nourricière de l’économie nationale. Car il est établi que la solidité et la fiabilité du système bancaire sont toujours à la racine de l’essor du développement économique du pays dans lequel la chambre de compensation est implantée.
Ondias, Okouma Ghislain. "L' Europe communautaire face à la problématique du regroupement des Etats en Afrique Centrale." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10055.
Full textMahamat-Idriss, Hassan. "Création et développement des entreprises en Afrique : cas du Cameroun et du Tchad." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_mahamat_idriss_h.pdf.
Full textThe company is the motor of growth and economic development. The entrepreneur is its builder. He contributes to the creation of, riches, jobs and guarantees the social cohesion. Industrialized nations have proved that the wealth is acquired through creation, imagination and innovation which are the virtues of the entrepreneur. Our thesis reveals the obstacles which prevent the creation and the development of companies in Africa, particularly in the CEMAC zone. It also presents perspectives to fight against the failures of the financial and banking systems which are expressed by a financial excess liquidity, a weakness of the investment environment and an asymmetry of information about companies. These failures constitute the main explicative factors of the high cost of credit for VSE (Very Small Enterprise) and SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise) which creates a climate of mistrust in business. Such constraints concerning informal economy are explained by an administrative red tape and by the scarcity of bank loans. The restructuration of the banking and financial sectors of the CEMAC zone is necessary to encourage entrepreneurship
Afouba, Tanga Arlette Christine. "Essai sur une théorie générale des catastrophes aériennes en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D073.
Full textThe problem of air disasters in Central Africa can be apprehended under a systematic approach that questions the efficiency and effectiveness of the applicable law. Indeed, governed by principles and rules, the law applicable to the legal treatment of air disasters raises a profound questioning of all the legal rules put in place to remedy the great air insecurity denounced by international organizations. Thus, in the search for sources of applicable law, it has been established that the scheduling of formal sources presents a complex architecture. In practical terms, the law applicable to the legal treatment of air disasters in Central Africa is marked by legal pluralism. The first consequence is the competing and / or complementary competence of three Community rules to govern the same facts, even though they come from distinct legal orders. Similarly, international law is not left out, however, without setting aside the divergent level of Central African countries in the ratification of conventions of international air law. Thus, insofar as the domestic legal system is alone, it cannot intervene to order the arrangement of the conventional law. Moreover, it emerged that the multiple formal sources fell under common law. Indeed, the material sources of the legal treatment of air disasters in Central Africa are sometimes those of the civil aviation accident investigation, sometimes simply those of criminal law and general civil law. This detachment of facts, characteristic of air disasters, is manifest in the applicable substantive law which ignores the singularity of the air disaster to be a collective accident. This situation which extends to the implementation of the legal treatment of air disasters is marked by a classic, both the ownership of the action in court and the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction. It calls to deal with this type of litigation, which are sui generis litigation. If this diet at any point confirms the general and abstract rule of law character, it should be not to forget that the right is a technical legal solution that needs to provide a concrete and satisfactory to a fact of society especially when response it endures
Ngomo, Obiang Renaud Fernand. "La sécurité du système bancaire africain : contribution à la modernisation de la régulation bancaire dans la CEMAC." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10426.
Full textThe resurgence of banking and financial crises up the issue of financial security at the center of major policy issues of economic regulation. Indeed, the so-called subprime crisis and subsequent fiscal crises there, and the Cyprus crisis with a sense of public defiance that resulted, one may suggest that financial security will save the financial industry in spite of herself. This issue, more pragmatic moreover, seems to resonate more in law, unlike that of financial stability that appears rather subjective or incantatory. In Central Africa, as in the legal systems of Roman- Latin tradition, the question of financial security shall first the legal status of bank depositors, their place in the legal order of payment of creditors in the event of failure. But the question of the security of the banking system as interest credit institutions themselves, not simply because of the risky nature of their processing activities, but mainly because of the existence of systemic risk exacerbated by financial engineering. The question of safety arises therefore not simply in terms of protection of individual players , but more in terms of preservation or backup tool called economic banking and / or financial
Mbemba, Rudy Calva. "L' ordre social : histoire et justice pénale dans la société traditionnelle kongo depuis les origines jusqu' au XXème siècle." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10092.
Full textThe history of Kongo is exceptional in Black Africa. In 1491, Kongo society welcomed the Europeans. Getting in contact with Portugueses, Kongo people discovered the Christianity, the handwriting and European law
Gregone-Mbombo, Passion Célestin. "La responsabilité du banquier en droit centrafricain : génèse et mise en oeuvre d'un droit emprunté : contribution à l'histoire de la colonisation juridique en Afrique francophone." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0837.
Full textNsoga, Robert Ebénezer. "La protection des réfugiés en Afrique centrale : quelle gouvernance des migrations forcées pour les États centre-africains ? : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30011.
Full textIn the past decade, forced migration has been a particular and growing concern in Africa and in many parts of the world, as far as they created many complex challenges. These migrations, very often massive, unexpected, and generally caused by armed conflicts, human rights violations, violence, environmental degradation, have jeopardized the survival of many populations whose proportions reached alarming rates between 2011 and 2017, as it is stated in 2015's Global Annual Report of the UNHCR. But this already vulnerable population often remains, beyond any observation, highly precarious within some host States. The paradox of the failure of forced migrants's protection is maintained by the constancy of the consecration of their rights in international, regional and national legal instruments and the diversity of humanitarian actors at their side. Sub-Saharan Africa, which, according to the report quoted above, has around 4.41 million refugees out of a total of 21.3 million in the world, is no exception to this factual reality. In view of this dramatic and humanely burning situation in Central Africa, which has led to a significant reconfiguration of the humanitarian space due to the exponential increase of forced population displacement, fuelled by recurrent conflict inflation in the Lake Chad Basin, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the South West and North-West Cameroon – to mention only those cases whose echo of the tragedies bear witness to the topicality of this phenomenon in this African sub-region -, and the crossborder threats that weigh within this sub-Saharan african territoriality, my thesis focuses to map the national refugee protection system of the State of Cameroon, historically well known as a welcoming and hospitable country whose geographical position is strategic in the sub-regional area of Central Africa. This exercise allows on the one hand, the analysis of normative, structural and infrastructural framework tools, as well as the various mechanisms of coordination of the actors involved in the protection of forced migrants, to enable a better understanding of their welcome conditions in special areas. on the other hand, the study makes it possible to highlight perspectives of normative, structural and institutional practices capable to curb the important flows of refugees and to regulate their protection on behalf of a dynamic and concerted solidarity, structured around the spatialisation of States within the political-geographical perimeter of ECCAS. Through the systemic approach and the theory of constructivism, I am striving to bring into coherence, from a cross-disciplinary field, factors and actors that seem irreconcilable, but immensely intertwined. From Cameroonian experiences, this thesis opens up finally the perspectives of reflections on the challenges of a relevant geographical asylum's right and an agreed and effective protection of refugees in central Africa which decline to the regionalization of interventions, and concretely, to the urgent need of a centre-africanisation of the protection's response through the creation of a concerted sub-regional framework for governance of forced migration
Ouangango, Zatché Léon. "La protection juridique du consommateur en Centrafrique et en UDEAC." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40034.
Full textThe custom and economic union of central africa is an organization created in 1964 in brazzaville, congo. Though it has got a rich subsoil, it keeps undergoing a constant deterioration of the conditions of consuming of its inhabitants, as protecting the consumer has not yet become a major theme of debate between specialists. In such a drastic context of goods scarcity amplified by the last devaluation of the cfa franc, we mainly aim at assessing the situation of the juridical protection of the consumer in central african republic first, then we'll try to point out its consequences before we can suggest some appropriate solutions thanks to some of the structures provided by the organization. In the process and among other measures we'll advocate the rereading of the traditional rules of the contract law, in order to try an adaptation to a real situation of an economy of sacrcity, which means, in fact, advocating a deep purification of business life at a national level and in the custom and economic union of central africa as well
Plantavin, Cédric. "La société financière internationale (membre du groupe de la banque mondiale) et ses interventions en Afrique subsaharienne : aspects juridiques et fonctionnement." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0037.
Full textTechnical international organizations are supposed to serve cooperation between nations. The most active of them act in development and their purpose is to serve common interest. World bank group institutions, which are international bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD), international development association (IDA), international finance corporation (IFC) and multilateral investment guarantee agency (MIGA), have statutory duty to enforce this development by providing capital to requesting states in favor of investment on their territory. In this context, each of them follows a specific mission and has special competencies. Close to the IBRD, an organization with general competencies working with states, IFC (corporation) has a special vocation. It's directly interested in private sector of less developed countries and, by this way, performs two kinds of missions : technical assistance and financing. It's the "advice bank" of developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of its operational area where it interferes in priority. Advisory services have been recently developed. They allowed to disclaim the African continent specificity. Like this, the corporation could put particular tools dedicated to African private sector. Then, its banking activity is interested in private sector productive projects financing. The corporation promotes investment in this domain either by furnishing owner's equity or by liberating private capital. On the African continent, it has a small enterprises trust fund. Structurally, IFC is regarded as an international investment bank, but its vocation to operate in less developed areas makes it an atypical international organization which develops specific instruments
Robenate, Jean-Calvin. "Les politiques de transport routier dans la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20105/document.
Full textConvention governing the economic Union of central Africa (UEAC) contains the specific measures whose object is to harmonize the policies of transport. That passes by the opening of the national markets of the Member States to the economic operators, the suppression of the restrictions on freedom to provide services and of establishment, the interconnection of the infrastructures, etc From the criteria of formal, factual and axiologic validity of the right, this thesis has the aim of analyzing the constraints which handicap these policies. After having made the report of the difficulties related to the choice of the technique of harmonization of laws, the study considers the limits due to the nonobservance of the procedures of admission of conventions in the internal legal orders, with the weakness of the institutions, with the economic risks, financial and political. It suggests that it is necessary to give of the order in the legal systems, thanks to a policy of coding and, in the long term, seeking the legal security, by the standardization of the involved rules. Lastly, vis-a-vis corruption, it gives an opinion for a duty of interference of the International community to make safe the resources intended for the modernization of the road infrastructures
Kudada, Banza Damien. "Logiques et contraintes de l'intégration politique en Afrique centrale: la théorie de la justice de John Rawls à l'épreuve de la réalité africaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209696.
Full textDevant ce constat amer, nous nous sommes proposé de réfléchir en profondeur sur la théorie de la justice politique de Rawls en vue de nous imprégner de principes susceptibles de garantir les droits et devoirs fondamentaux des citoyens et des peuples bien ordonnés.
Nous avons ainsi examiné les conditions de possibilité de l’application de la théorie de la justice politique de Rawls pour une intégration politique réussie à l’échelle interne, en République Démocratique du Congo, et au niveau international ou supranational des Etats de l’Afrique centrale. Il ressort que la mise en place des institutions politiques, économiques, socioculturelles viables, de l’Etat de droit et du modèle de la démocratie représentativo-délibérative constituent, à notre sens, des préalables indispensables en vue de postuler, à un second niveau, une intégration politique supranationale dans la sous-région de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs caractérisée par des guerres récurrentes interétatiques. Les principes rawlsiens du droit des peuples peuvent aider à repenser la politique étrangère des pays de la sous-région de l’Afrique centrale et celle des organisations supranationales existantes.
Néanmoins, nous avons soutenu que l’application de certains principes rawlsiens du droit des peuples, comme celui du respect des traités et des engagements, nécessite que ceux-ci soient signés au sein d’une « fédération pacifique » des Etats. En effet, dans l’entendement d’Emmanuel Kant, des traités signés dans une « fédération pacifique » mettent fin à la fois aux guerres présentes et futures.
Dans cet ordre d’idées, nous avons souligné qu’une « fédération pacifique » des Etats pourra créer un cadre important pour l’émergence d’une « communauté de sécurité » au sens deutschien du terme, nécessaire pour la paix durable dans la sous-région de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs. La « communauté de sécurité » préconise que les Etats entretenant des relations réciproques ne recourent pas à la violence physique et règlent leurs problèmes par des « mécanismes de changement pacifique ». Dans cette logique, la guerre n’est plus facilement envisageable. De plus, nous avons estimé, en nous inspirant d’Habermas, qu’il est pertinent que les pays de l’Afrique centrale s’engagent sur la voie de l’« afrofédération », assurant la transformation des traités interétatiques conclus en une Constitution politique que chaque Etat de la fédération devra respecter.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dingamgoto, Thomas. "L'exploitant de banque et le droit au Tchad." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10046/document.
Full textEconomic activities, like all human works, need regulation, let alone those enterprises which play a major and crucial role in the economic life of a country, a region or a region. Indeed, shareholders or partners of these companies derive dividends, employees and their wages, lenders their interest on loans granted, the State of some taxes and the creation of jobs. These regulations can cover various areas. In addition to general regulations, companies need specific regulations to their activities. Like any business, the bank also needs regulations. These ones are general and specific. In addition to the general and particular advantages which a business can obtain, the bank puts in circulation money by making it available to the economic agents the means of payment by the credits it grants. It participates in the monetary issue, considered a sovereign privilege. The regulation covers two aspects. It is initially the work of states and then community authorities. To this end, only two texts have since been adopted: the Decree of 4 February 1965, a purely organizational text and the Law of 19 May 1995 on banking secrecy. The Community institutions that are BEAC and COBAC have set up norms and standards which have almost supplanted those set up by the national authorities. The second aspect of the regulation concerns other legal rules that can be applied to any company operating in a liberal economy. But these fragmentary and piecemeal ones prove insufficient. Indeed, according to the principle of legislative permanency, Chad adopted, at the time of its accession to independence in 1960, the legislation which was in force in mainland France. But the uncertainty remains concerning the application of the norms because this legislative permanency is reduced by another principle, that of the legislative speciality. The OHADA, which at the time of its creation in 1993, sought to remedy the legal emptiness in the area of business law, which the banking law withdrew in 2010 for the benefit of sub-regional institutions. In the absence of adequate standards, the Chadian banker uses the recent rules of the French laws as a "written reason", comparative law or customs. Thus, at the local, sub-regional and regional level, the legal emptiness, an introduction to judicial insecurity, is evident. This judicial insecurity is aggravated by the deficiency of procedural rules, the failure of judicial institutions, the proliferation of parallel justices and the persistence of bad governance
Akera, Itoua Steve. "Contribution à l'étude des institutions de régulation des médias dans les Etats d'Afrique centrale francophone : les cas du Cameroun, du Congo, du Gabon et de la République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMD002.
Full textAfter decades of monopartism, which was characterized by the influence of the media by the state and the single party, Sub-Saharan African states have chosen the path of pluralistic democracy. It followed the national sovereign conferences in the 90s. These states made the choice of the liberal regime with fundamental freedoms as its guarantees. Freedom of the press, the heart of democracy, is among the recognized freedoms.The exercise of this freedom is to be free of abuse. Thus, to prevent such an abuse, constitutional, law-level and regulatory texts created authorities responsible for the regulation of media. These authorities are part of facilitating tools for the African democracies as "singular" institutions. They are administrative and independent of the unique organic order that flows from the legislative, executive and judicial branches of power. Moreover, to make a legal research on these authorities obliges to focus essentially on practical issues, including media regulatory authorities as an alibi of power or protection of freedoms. Therefore, the thesis is intended to explore the legal grounds and facts in order to make a global critical analysis and proposals for further reforms
Fiume, Marie Marguerite. "L'indemnisation des victimes d'accidents de la circulation dans les Etats membres de la Conférence interafricaine des marchés d'assurance." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0053.
Full textThe increasing concern with regard to Motor vehicles traffic Jam brings back the acute problem of damages indemnification. To solve this problem twelve african countries inspired by the french system decided in the framework of the treaty of july 10th 1992 -treaty whose purpose was to establish an integrated system of insurance- to set up a system of indemnification of the victims of motor vehicles traffic. The issue is that of the civil liability of motor vehicles established by their strict participation in traffic accidents. The reparation for the civil damages warranted by the motor vehicle insurance which is a requisite or by the fund of warranty of motor vehicle is harmonised by the application of absolute ceilings prescribed by law. The reason is to maintain the insurance companies afloat financially and economically. To be more efficient the system of indemnification uses two different procedures clearly established: the amicable resolution a prerequisite to the judicial procedure. At the end of the proceeding the victim damage should be repaired however most of the time that is not the case and the result is very mitigated. A system that tends by its procedures of indemnification to maintain insurance companies afloat as opposed to protect the consumer is not a satisfying one. The recourse to absolute ceilings misleads the assessment of the damage. Furthermore, when accidents occur without fault of a third party the victim is left without access to the cover of the motor vehicle insurance. To make matters worse the inadequacy of the fund for motor vehicles warranty results in victims of motor vehicles accidents left any remedy. A legislative intervention was needed (CIMA). An assessment of the treaty efficiency after ten years of existence was necessary to add more protection toward the consumer
Memphil, Ndi Evelyne Patience. "Attractivité économique des investissements directs étrangers en zone CEMAC : harmonisation des instruments juridiques aux règles internationales." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0028/document.
Full textThe currents of the globalization of the markets, marked by the free movement of capital and the phenomenon of free trade supported the implementation of Community policies of economic revival and attractivity of the territories. It is in this impetus that geographical regroupings with economic aiming like the Economic community and Monetarist of Central Africa (CEMAC) appeared. Six countries of Central Africa of which Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic and Chad are members and are for it, the object our analysis on the economic attractivity of direct foreign investment (FDI) in this under-area. The FDI became an inevitable actor of the development process, and CEMAC zones, a privileged destination for the investors. It appears nevertheless an ambiguity in the relationship between the flow of FDI, the economic growth and the development of the member countries of the CEMAC : the rate unceasingly crescent of flows of FDI entering the under-area, is unfortunately not always synonymous with economic growth. To understand this paradox, one carries out an analysis of the instruments framing of the IDE under-area CEMAC. This reveals that, for an optimal output of these devices and the warranty of one long-term economic growth in these States, it is necessary to associate the current policies of economic attractivity of the FDI, with a diversification of the exploitable economic domains, but also to adapt the international standards to sociocultural but so economic specificities of under-area CEMAC. The case of the countries of the BRICS can in this respect, being used as illustration for an “other way” of thinking the development
Tsanga, Ndomo Laure Christelle. "Les effets des décisions de la cour de justice de la CEMAC : contribution à l'étude d'une justice intégrative inspirée du modèle communautaire européen." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3030.
Full textDue to the role played by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the construction of integration in Europe, the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa shows its desire to revitalize integration by establishing a Court Of Community Justice whose powers and functioning are reminiscent of those of the CJEU. The challenges facing this Court, especially the resistance of member states, the reluctance of supranational authorities, and the difficult task of adapting the EU's judicial system to the CEMAC context, are all challenges. This probably justifies the fact that the effects of the decisions of that court do not always have the same effect on integration as is the case for the EU. Hence the importance of questioning the real impact of its decisions on integration. The analysis of the effects of the decisions of the CJCEMAC makes it possible to assess its role in the consolidation of integration. This study ultimately reveals that the CJCEMAC judgments constitute a tool for the effectiveness of Community law ; thus confirming the exportability of the EU judicial system. Decisions are also seen as normative instruments on which integration is grafted, insofar as they protect the community order while participating in the realization of integration in Central Africa
Donner, Nicolas. "La clé des champs : enclavement et immunité territoriale de l'exploitation pétrolière en Afrique centrale (Tchad, Guinée Équatoriale, São Tomé et Príncipe)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010607.
Full textThis thesis aims to conceptualize the oil production areas’ territorial status in central Africa. It first proposes to explore – behind the false evidence of an “enclave status” which is commonly accepted without being theorized – their architectural patterns: both those of the “oil enclaves” as such – which will be conceptualized as “artificial islands” by mirroring them with the vast domain of human technical constructions –, and those of the international spatial systems without which they could not exist – oil production spaces appearing as keystones of such systems. They thus highlight one of the contemporary world’s greatest tensions, which stand between the increasingly vital nature of international interdependences and territorial permeations, and the persistence and continuation – as well fundamental – of the territorial and sovereign partition of our world. Oil production – and we will inquire about the truth that hides such a paradox – concurrently appearing as a powerful factor in building international borders (which we will be discuss some current dynamics in the gulf of Guinea) and as creating various ways of unbundling territories and sovereignties, given that nor the activity nor its financial investors easily bear being at sovereign powers’ mercy. We will thus explore – through the contractual relations that intimately tie oil companies and sovereign powers, and through financing techniques such as those Exxon called up in the Chad-Cameroon project – how oil production – because it requires being consequently immunized against political and sovereigns' risks – tends to create various ways of territorial enclaving. And here is what this thesis seeks to demonstrate: that oil enclaves are territories – territories which claim to be conceptualized so as to reconcile their “extraterritorial” extent and their still crucial implant in the sovereign territory