Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Banques – Droit islamique'
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El, Hatimi Layla. "Les substituts du prêt à intérêt dans les banques islamiques." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0788.
Full textThe loan with interest, being regarded as illicit in Islam, the islamic banks use contracts in conformity with the moslems law in order to carry out the same double finality of the loan with interest which is financing customers requirements on the one hand, and the realization of benefits on the other hand. These contracts are multiple and can be classified in two main catégories : commercial contracts (mourabaha, salam, ijara, istisnaa. . . ) and participatory contracts (moucharaka, moudaraba. . . )
MOHAMED, MENNA OULD CHEIBANI. "Contribution a la connaissance du systeme des banques islamiques." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010050.
Full textIs the islamic bank (ib) like alla other banks, despite the fact that it does not use interest rates, or is it of completely different nature? it is like all other banks in that it is able to fulfill the same functions of financial intermediation, monetary creation, the transformation of payment dates and the provision of services. It is different from other banks in its juridico-islamique packaging. It has created new participatory techniques the moudaraba and the moucharaka - and commercial techniques - mourabaha sales. Moudaraba enables the ib to acquire deposits from clients seeking "legitimate" remuneration, in the form of profit-sharing or postponed interest rates. The other financial products are used to finance investment and the cycle of exploitation of economic operators. The future of this system will depend on its ability to adapt to its immediate banking environment, in particular the remuneration of lines of credit offered by correspondants and the remuneration of refinancing by central banks
Zahid, Abdelkahar. "La banque islamique : efficacité et contraintes." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL20001.
Full textThe international financial scene is now experiencing a great emergence of islamic finance, in particular because of the continuous creation of new islamic banks in the four corners of the earth and of which experience so far shows the amazing dunamism of these institutions. Faced with the extent of the islamic banking phenomenon, « traditional » banks also tried to conquer this new and flourishing market. This study not only tries to explain the reasons of the foundation of such financial institutions that have their origins in Islam, but also to take stock of these bank's operations and to evaluate their efficiency, their potential and difficulties, for example, through a field study, representative of existing islamic banks as a whole, as well as their place on the national and international economic levels and in foreign aid to developing musling countries
BENAROUIS, MONDHER. "Le pret d'argent interet ou participation equilibree ? le cas de la banque islamique." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0474.
Full textIsmaili, Idrissi Khalid. "Finance islamique : pour une sortie du champ bancaire?" Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0033.
Full textIslamic banks have emerged to form an alternative to conventional banks. They are subject to the precepts of Sharia which regulates the fundamental aspects of their operations. The principles of Sharia are articulated around the prohibition of interest and the speculative operations, the sharing of the risks and profits, and more generally advocate for equity and moral in the economy which gives the Islamic banks a mission quite different from the conventional peers. However, the reality of the practice of Islamic finance seems to be not synchronized with the principles and objectives it advocates to the point of questioning the real raison d'être of Islamic banks and the effectiveness of the moral it defends. This thesis seeks to analyze both the theoretical basis of Islamic finance as well as the distortions of the practice by Islamic banks to better understand this discrepancy, analyze its true causes and conclude on the degree of realism of the theory of Islamic finance in general
Vedrenne, Alain. "La banque et la finance islamique au regard du droit français." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1111.
Full textChemaitelly, Hicham. "Participation des banques islamiques à la gestion des entreprises qu'elles financent." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40013.
Full textMoaté, Michaël. "La création d'un droit bancaire islamique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROD027/document.
Full textThis thesis on "the creation of an Islamic banking law" provides a global perspective of this phenomenon. Looking upon history, economics and law, this essay plans to study these Islamic banking techniques in the socio-cultural context governing at their emergence particularly in terms of relations between the Occident and the Islamic Orient.First, based on the study of classical Islamic law, this work analyses the substratum that has allowed the development of Islamic banking by, on the one hand, the study of the major banking concepts and on the other hand, the evolution of the Muslim world as centuries go by. Then, the analysis turns to the legitimization of modern Islamic banking techniques by comparison with classical Islamic contracts. This leads this study to the various models of Islamic banks, in order to highlight the differences with regard to religious, political and economic issues, but also to show that today's perspective move towards their uniformity. The last part of the study seeks to explain the relationship between Islamic banking law and positive law in the countries where it is incorporated. Furthermore, in Occident, the analysis distinguishes France and the Common law countries whose history shows the influence on the legal systems of Muslim countries. In the Muslim world, Morocco and Saudi Arabia, two countries whose banking systems are respectively stemming from Civilian law and Common law, are subject to a specific study. The developments come to an end by the confrontation of norms and values raised by the introduction of Islamic banking techniques in the international financial system.All the analysis proposed in this study supports the theory of the difficulty faced by these banking techniques to find consistency between the desire to be part of the religious tradition of Islam and the pursuit of economic efficiency
Alyami, Sarah Mansour H. "La transposition des outils de la finance islamique en Europe." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR035.
Full textIslamic finance is one of the most important subjects that attracted the attention of a lot of researchers and professionals who works in both economics and law especially after it withstood the financial crises that have hit the financial market in the past. And although this type of financing is based on Islamic law, it succeeded in attracting global interest from:economists, financial lawyers and others, both inside and outside of the Islamic world. The European states were among the first to want to explore this finance, study it and install it to attract new capital, especially from oil-producing countries. However, despite the advantages it offers, the Islamic finance system suffers from a significant problem; the vast jurisprudential differences in Islamic law which not only obstruct the development of Islamic finance at the international level, but it also prevents the construction of a single system that has well-defined rules to facilitate its transfer or that of its products to non-Islamic countries that are interested in it. This difficulty is at the origin of the problem of transposition of the products of Islamic finance or its system to the non-Islamic countries who are interested in it. So, the question that arises here is “how can a non-Islamic country handle the transposition of a system which is not clearly identified to its jurisdictions?”. The solution to our problem, however, is neither impossible nor too difficult to achieve. In this research, the researcher aims to enlighten the financial laws practiced by one of the most important Islamic countries, due to its strong economic position in the world, and most importantly these laws are accepted by other Islamic countries as compatibles with the Sharia law. So, the objective of our study is to prove, the existence of a complete Islamic financial system that has been applied successfully in an Islamic country (Saudi Arabia), and to show the possibility of the adaptation of some of its’ laws in two European countries (France and the United Kingdom)
Gabbani, Maha. "L' adaptation des instruments juridiques du financement de projet aux règles de la finance islamique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_gabbani.pdf.
Full textIslamic finance, particularly in the field of project finance has provoked the interest of actors in the field of finance as well as French government and attracted a wide range of doctrinal thinking. This thesis aims to generate a reflection on the prospects of adapting the legal instruments of project finance to the principles of Islamic finance. The particularity of Islamic finance is expressed by a number of principles based on religious sources such as the prohibition of interest (riba), speculation (maysir) and uncertainty (gharar), the requirement of profit and loss sharing or the asset-backing. In spite of this peculiarity, Islamic finance structures appear very similar to those used in France in the field of project finance and seem to adapt well to the legal constraints of the French law. These conceptual and structural similarities have led to the designing of successful models in order to co-finance complex projects involving an Islamic tranche and conventional financial partners. However, in France, the development of such structures that comply with both, the requirements of shari’a and the prudential standards can raise some considerable risks and financial constraints. In order to eliminate these obstacles, the French legislature should introduce some legal adjustments to the French laws
Madkhali, Aasem. "Le rôle de la supervision des banques islamistes, approche islamo-juridique." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0010/document.
Full textThe present study covers the issue of islamic financial institutions in overall, with a particular attention attributed for islamic banks. The topic is interesting because of the direct relationship with the compliance monitoring with the Shariaa, regulatory and legal of Islamic banks. These financial institutions and Islamic banks offer various products of financing and develop several conventional products adapting them to the principles of Islamic finance, including the absence of usury (interdiction of riba). We should mention that some financial institutions and Islamic banks begin to divert for their advantages the principles and the basic rules that justified the existence of Islamic finance, like substitute for the traditional bank. And the role of institutions of compliance monitoring is limited to provide advises without intervention to prepare the failures, in other terms their decisions and recommendations did not have the binding force. These findings allowed deepening our analysis to pose the question regarding assuming the consequences of the civil liabilities under the 2 forms: contractual and delictual, in addition to the consequences and the criminal liabilities for the members of these authorities of compliance monitoring. The role of these organs could be more effective and efficient, like we underlined with the regulatory approach of their activities and the works of these authorities of compliance with the Shariaa. The present dissertation provides a comparison between the Islamic banks activities and the regulatory monitoring from the perspective of the Islamic rules of Shariaa and the regulatory monitoring of the activities of Islamic banks form legal perspective
Thiam, Mballo. "De la religion à la banque : Contribution à l'étude d'un droit bancaire islamique en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0077.
Full textThe economic crisis of 2008 shook the worldwide economy by leaving after-effects in various sectors, in particular in that of the bank where its operating process and its role of intermediation showed their limits. The practice of the interest and the placement of the mechanism of the speculation were at the origin of these contemporary crises. The first returned reports and work all were almost directed towards common problems, the ones propose an alternative finance with conventional finance and others plead for a more ethical finance. These suggested solutions recut with the principles of Islamic finance. The latter functions in accordance with the rules of the Islamic law: the prohibition of the riba, the speculation and the application of the principle of division of the profits and the losses, the alternate one of the riba in the Islamic system. So from an economic standpoint the integration of Islamic industry in the French financial system does not pose a concern such does not seem to be the case taking into consideration those and legal rule which controls the organization and the operation of the banks in France which governs the contract law. It is the interest for this reason, that is it is necessary to see whether the Islamic bank meets all the requirements to be set up with the row of a bank within the meaning of the provisions of the monetary and financial Code, in other words a requirement for an operation of credit and allowing by the same occasion to qualify an institution of bank? These interrogations are not limited only on the organisational level, they also extend on operation from this bank, because their legal mode and the qualification of the products used in these Islamic banks deserves a judicious examination in order to deduce the applicable duty in the event of dispute from it. Our thesis is harnessed to bring solutions to these interrogations or at least to try to find ways to facilitate the reception and the integration of these banks in France
Alkandari, Mohammed. "Les banques islamiques en droit koweïtien : "étude juridique à la lumière de la Charia"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA017/document.
Full textIslamic banking is one of the most important topics. In Kuwait, a number of Islamic banks engage in banking and commercial transactions but they avoid interest "Riba" in their transactions. Consequently, the study proves the formal and procedural aspects of Islamic banks and their departments, including their transactions and services. The study then concludes with the explanation of the legitimate (Sharia) and legal aspects of the concept of "Riba"
Thiam, Mballo. "De la religion à la banque : Contribution à l'étude d'un droit bancaire islamique en France." Thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0077/document.
Full textThe economic crisis of 2008 shook the worldwide economy by leaving after-effects in various sectors, in particular in that of the bank where its operating process and its role of intermediation showed their limits. The practice of the interest and the placement of the mechanism of the speculation were at the origin of these contemporary crises. The first returned reports and work all were almost directed towards common problems, the ones propose an alternative finance with conventional finance and others plead for a more ethical finance. These suggested solutions recut with the principles of Islamic finance. The latter functions in accordance with the rules of the Islamic law: the prohibition of the riba, the speculation and the application of the principle of division of the profits and the losses, the alternate one of the riba in the Islamic system. So from an economic standpoint the integration of Islamic industry in the French financial system does not pose a concern such does not seem to be the case taking into consideration those and legal rule which controls the organization and the operation of the banks in France which governs the contract law. It is the interest for this reason, that is it is necessary to see whether the Islamic bank meets all the requirements to be set up with the row of a bank within the meaning of the provisions of the monetary and financial Code, in other words a requirement for an operation of credit and allowing by the same occasion to qualify an institution of bank? These interrogations are not limited only on the organisational level, they also extend on operation from this bank, because their legal mode and the qualification of the products used in these Islamic banks deserves a judicious examination in order to deduce the applicable duty in the event of dispute from it. Our thesis is harnessed to bring solutions to these interrogations or at least to try to find ways to facilitate the reception and the integration of these banks in France
Abedifar, Pejman. "Issues in islamic and conventional banking." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/38ef8099-4bde-4264-b3aa-a882f13e4f29/blobholder:0/2013LIMO1008.pdf.
Full textCette thèse est composée de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre explore les problématiques de risque et de stabilité de l'activité des banque Islamiques en utilisant un échantillon de 553 banques réparties dans 24 pays entre 1999 et 2009. Les résultats montrent que les banques islamiques de petite taille ont des risques de crédits et d'insolvabilité plus faibles que leurs homologues dans la banque traditionnelle. Il existe en revanche peu d'éléments pour soutenir l'existence de charges imposées par les banques islamiques en contrepartie de leur offre de produits compatibles avec la Sharia. En outre, l'étude montre que la qualité des crédits est moins sensible aux variations des taux d'intérêts domestiques pour les banques islamiques que pour les banques traditionnelles. Le second chapitre utilise des données collectées trimestriellement pour 7,578 banques Américaines entre 2003 et 2010 dans le but d'étudier l'impact de sept activités distinctes, sources de revenus hors intérêts, sur l'activité de crédit bancaire. Les résultats montrent que les activités sources de revenus hors intérêts influencent à la fois la composition du portefeuille de prêts et le risque de crédits des banques disposant d'un total de l'actif dépassant les 100 millions de dollar. Les banques qui privilégient les activités d'assurances vies et fiduciaires présentent des niveaux de risques de crédits plus faibles. De plus, une dépendance accrue à l'activité d'octroi de crédit entraîne des marges réduites sur l'activité de crédit. Il est cependant difficile de se prononcer sur une éventuelle complémentarité des coûts qui expliquerait la double tenue d'activités hors d'intérêts et d'activités de crédits. Enfin, le troisième chapitre de la thèse analyse la coexistence des banques Islamiques aux côtés des banques traditionnelles et tout particulièrement son influence sur la croissance économique et sur la qualité et la taille du système bancaire. Ce chapitre s'intéresse aussi à l'éventuel impact de la présence des banques Islamiques sur les performances des banques traditionnelles. L’étude porte sur 22 pays musulmans présentant les deux types de banque au sein de leurs systèmes bancaires sur la période 1999- 2009. Les résultats font apparaître une relation positive entre la part de marché des banques Islamiques et la mobilisation de l'épargne. La présence des banques Islamiques les plus efficientes améliore l'allocation de crédits entre les secteurs privés et publics tout en réduisant les marges d'intérêt sur les crédits. En outre, les résultats font état d'un risque de crédit et d'inefficiences-coûts plus faibles lorsque la part de marché des banques Islamique est plus élevée, au prix en revanche de marges de crédits plus élevées appliquées par les banques traditionnelles de taille modeste dans certains pays de l'échantillon
Toussi, Ali. "Théorie et pratique des systèmes financiers sous l'influence de l'Islam." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO2A005.
Full textThis study of the Islamic financial system enabled to demonstrate it is a financial system like any other ones, the only difference being the lack of rate of interest. The foundations of a new economic order, as an alternative to the main model, were defined. The islamic financial system enables the coexistence of the religious life together with the material life and prevents the degradation of the social life towards a purely materialistic one. A theoretical model of the Islamic financial system was deduced from a comparison with the traditional system. It was suggested that the islamization of a financial system does not necessary deny the whole classical theory. Suppression of the interest aroused new techniques : the Moudaraba, the Moucharaka and the Mourabaha, identified to a profits and losses sharing. The islamic view point the prohibition of interest is because of monetary disorder. Islam considers that the interest makes financing operations and currency emission to be based on the lending rule instead of productivity considerations. This work tries equally to present clearly the organization and the functioning of the Islamic bank, by classic bank functions, namely the financial intermediation, the monetary creation and provision of services. The singularity of the Islamic bank is the replacement of the rate of interest by the rate of the participation in losses and profits. This thesis also studies the status of the currency in an Islamic financial system. This system does not see the currency as a good as others and sees interest as an element that diverts the currency from its finality as an intermediary of exchange
Allali, Ahmed. "L’accueil des opérations de crédit islamique en droit français." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100025.
Full textIn a legal system appear constantly new situations, technical, legal reports forged through practice or coming from elsewhere. Each system has a capacity according to its degree of openness to foreign contributions to accept them, to accommodate or to absorb them in the existing legal order.The techniques of Islamic financing are knocking at the door of the western law. They are rather already settled in English law and infiltrate slowly and not without difficulties to the French law, in particular through the workings of the freedom of contract and the internal categories.Should we let them cross the doorstep, as it is proposed in this Thesis: the door of a legal consecration?In the meantime, Islamic credit operations facilities in French law cannot be done without a certain risk of a kind of acculturation that could affect these operations by losing their nature and their spirit, without the implementation of certain requirements of the Muslim law of contracts. This latter remains firm and inflexible on prohibition of the credit remuneration by the mechanism of the interest on loan (riba), on prohibition of uncertainties and speculations (gharar) and onrequirement of lawful means. In the other hand, it is characterized by a greater openness and flexibility on contract form. The requirements of the Islamic credit may be enforced in French Law within the framework of a special contract of which the mechanism is close to the Islamic credit (real credit, participating loan). The parties can also, in integrating Islamic requirements, combine between several contracts, or create new contracts, and benefit from the freedom of contracts guaranteed by the Muslim and French law.The challenge of the reception of Islamic credit operations by French law lies on a successful marriage between substantial standards of the Islamic credit and the contractual forms of French law
Hardy, Nicolas. "Finance islamique et renouveau du droit islamique au Moyen Orient : les contraintes de l'innovation financière pour les juristes-fuqahāʾ." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0106.
Full textIslamic finance emerged during the 1970s as the conduct of financing activities in conformity with the norms of the Sharia and, above all, the prohibition of interest. The jurists specialists of fiqh (Islamic law), the fuqahāʾ, are vested with the authority to supervise the application of the Sharia within Islamic banks. Thus, Islamic finance represents an experimentation for the renewal of Islamic laws as a jurists' law. The crystallization of the scheme of the mark-up sale (murābaḥaẗ) a controversial alternative to interest loans, allows the examination of the factors, linked to the institutional setting and the juridicial reasoning, constraining the formation of an innovating contemporary Islmamic financial law
Jafari, Amin. "Essai compare sur la protection des valeurs dans les banques islamiques et conventionnelles : une protection juridique et financière des valeurs dans les banques contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100174.
Full textThis thesis aims to show that the values in a given society are strongly protected by the mechanisms of law (both criminal and civil law). The protected values are those basies in banking - financial system. Given the fact that there are two major banking systems: Islamic and conventional, the significance of this research is to show that, firstly, values can protect themselves by transforming into other values / concepts (notion - principe) or by becoming structure in the banking system. Secondly, it is assumed that the protection of the values in another system would be different. Also, the theory of transformation in both levels of the existence of the values and their protection is demonstrated. In criminal banking law or in "non - criminal" banking law, the protection may be different from that of classical criminal law. The particularity of this field is variable trends of regulation to penalization and vice versa: deregulation to decriminalization. Therefore, through this study, the possibility of a movement will be discussed in respect to the transformation theory framework. The trend of movement is observed in the protection of values. Protection of values and the movement of protection, could be achieved at two levels: structural protection of values and operational protection of values. The use of the criminal in the protection phase depends on the system that value is linked. Alternatives (called extra-penal mechanisms) in criminal protection in both operational and structural steps exist; however, in modern finance, new concepts of corporate governance, ethical finance, etc. are in the center of attention. Largely because, theses concepts could protect values without interference of criminal law. In Overall, this thesis intends to demonstrate that, even if the values are different, by the effect of globalization, their protections (including criminal protection) are in a way of harmonization; it seems that convergence is beginning to build. But what is the role of criminal law in the modern banking life?
Toumi, Kaouther. "Structure de capital, profitabilité et risques des banques islamiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10064.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study differences between Islamic and conventional banks. The principles governing an islamic financial system are different from the spirit of conventional finance. If in conventional finance, the standard that preside decisions is the optimization of the risk-return couple, this standard is neither the only nor the main decision criterion in the world of Islamic finance. The fundamental principles of Islamic finance are the prohibition of interest and the requirement of a certain ethic (transparency, fair distribution of profits, prohibition of speculation and excessive risk taking, etc.) in financial transactions. These features impact significantly the capital structure, profitability and risk profile of Islamic banks. We made the emergence of a conceptual framework that allows us to understand the capital structure and profitability of Islamic banks, with a review of theoretical and empirical literature. Theories mobilized are related, first to the theories of capital structure including the theory of trade off, the Pecking Order theory and agency theory, and second on the other theories related to profitability, including the theories of market portofolio. Econometric models (binary logistic regression, discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression) show that there are differences in capital structure and profitability between Islamic banks and conventional. These differences are explained by traditional determinants of capital structure and profitability. In addition, they are explained by the specific characteristics of Islamic banks such as the new agency relationships that are created in an Islamic bank. Islamic banks are exposed to displaced commercial risk, a specific risk in these institutions. This risk results from the Profit sharing investment accounts PSIA and occurs when Islamic bank does not provide sufficient returns to PSIA holders. The internal model proposed to quantify this risk is based on the VaR measure. The proposed measure of risk depends on the practices of Islamic banking in terms of retention of reserves and profit sharing with PSIA holders
Bessedik, Abdelkader. "Les opérations de financement et d'investissement dans le droit musulman." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986353.
Full textMeliani, Zakaria. "Finance islamique et immobilier au Maroc." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G001.
Full textIslamic Finance is a sector of big potentials, it knows no crisis and its growth is increasing with a double-digit rate! In Morocco, like everywhere in the word, this ethical financial industry is buzzing, it keeps gaining ground in sectors of real economy such as real estate. In fact, it is clear that the sector of real estate adapts perfectly to the ethical requirements of this finance of moral features. As a matter of fact, it offers a panoply of juridical techniques ranging from simple to complex and gives access to housing and real estate investment. This thesis, probes with a modern juridical approach these contractual techniques that give interesting alternatives and without bank interest to the problems of the current financing
Moukarzel, Mireille. "Vers un élargissement des méthodes alternatives du règlement des différends dans le système financier Islamique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS295.
Full textThe thesis studies alternative methods that were deepened by the studies I conducted underthe supervision of my director, Mr. Sélim el Sayegh. It studies the role of chambers ofcommerce and the importance they give to the arbitration and mediation. It also studiesIslamic finance and the Islamic banking system from their inception until today. It willhighlight the shocks, conflicts and obstacles that Islamic institutions have faced. It alsoconsiders the factors that delay the development of the link between Islamic financialinstitutions and banks, and the conventional financial system as well, since the practicalinteraction was initiated in these two sectors
Lemrabott, Lewfah Mohamed Aly. "Étude du système bancaire mauritanien : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1053.
Full textThe mauritanian banking system played a major role in the development of the country. As a result, it was at the heart of the major financial and economic reforms initiated in Mauritania. A banking system which, although largely inspired by other systems (in particular the french system), will present specific features of its own. The approach chosen is both historical (dealing chronologically with the different stages of the development of the mauritanian banking system) and thematic (addressing the major aspects that will distinguish each stage). An approach that also emphasizes the important legal dimension of this development.This thesis will be devoted mainly to the presentation of the different components of the mauritanian banking system (classic banks, Islamic banks and foreign banks) and the various financial support structures for this banking system, (non-bank financial institutions, insurance companies and microcredit institutions). Also, the role of islamic finance in the mauritanian banking landscape and the dynamics of relations between public authorities and the institutions composing the mauritanian banking system will constitute another part of the present thesis at the heart of which, on the other hand, the assessment of the degree of compatibility of the mauritanian banking system with international standards
Cekici, Ibrahim-zeyyad. "Le cadre juridique français des opérations de crédit islamique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA036.
Full textThe development of the Islamic finance drew the attention of the French public authorities, bankers and lawyers since a few years. This finance, which rules by the Islamic law, does not apply the interest, but two other methods of payment of the financiers: on the one hand, the principle of the profit and loss sharing, by backing the transactions on partnership contracts, and on the other hand, on profit margin when the operation backs on a sale and lease contracts.Among the Islamic banking products, the Islamic credits are the most characteristic. The French legal framework of those transactions depends, in fact, on two legal systems which are apparently in contradiction. Although they have neither legal sources, nor clear and precise legal regulation in French law, the latter could rule them. This framework presents not only some points of convergence, but also points of difference with the Islamic Law. Nevertheless, the flexibility of both Laws led us to define a general legal framework of the remuneration of the Islamic credit provider, and a special legal framework to rule the structuration of the operations backed to partnership (moudaraba, mousharaka et degressive mousharaka), sale (mourabaha, le tawarruq, le salam et l’istisna), and lease contract (ijara et ijara muntahia biltamlik)
Trad, Naama. "Gouvernance bancaire et prise de risque des banques islamiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2039.
Full textCompared to the conventional financial system, which has experienced periods of high volatility in recent years partly due to poor governance, the Islamic financial system has shown signs of robustness and sustainability. Its ability to overcome the unfavorable events has encouraged several stakeholders to propose Islamic finance as a solution to financial deficits and as a potential alternative to the current banking system. The supporters of this finance argued that the recent financial crisis could have been avoided if Islamic finance with good governance and a solid regulatory framework had been introduced instead of conventional finance. For these reasons, the purpose of this thesis is twofold. First, we examine whether Islamic finance could guarantee stability in times of crisis and be a substitute for the traditional financial system. Second, we assess the effect of internal and external mechanisms of banking governance on the risk of Islamic banks compared to their conventional counterparts. To this end, we have developed three chapters with empirical evidence using a sample of 95 Islamic banks and 130 conventional banks (38 banks including 14 Islamic banks are excluded at the last chapter) in 18 MENAP and Southeast Asian countries, during the period 2006-2013. The first chapter analyzes the specificities and the risk of the bank in an Islamic financial system compared to conventional system. The results indicate that the size and capital of the bank as well as the GDP growth are crucial factors for the soundness of the two banking systems of all surveyed countries, especially of the Gulf region. However, other results are not strong enough to answer whether Islamic banks are more or less risky than their conventional counterparts. We therefore conclude that the Islamic banking system cannot replace the traditional system, but is, rather, a financial supplement that has its own limitations. The second chapter examines the effect of internal mechanisms of banking governance, such as the board of directors and the sharia supervisory board as a control organ specific to Islamic banks, on the risk of conventional banks compared to their Islamic counterparts. The findings show no significant difference between the two banking systems, except for the Islamic banks of Gulf countries, which demonstrate greater financial solidity thanks particularly to the skills of the specialists in finance and Islamic law, and the recruitment of foreign directors. In addition, we find especiallyin Gulf countries that the harmful effect of a large board size and dual functions on the risks of conventional banks disappear with the presence of a significant number of independent directors. In investigating the issue of the external dimension of banking governance, the focus is on the probable effect of recent banking reforms relating to conventional and Islamic banks, in light of Basel III and IFSB-12/15, on the risk of the two banking systems. Our findings support that if the regulatory requirements of these two international solvency standards had been applied during our sampling period, they would probably have improved the stability of the two banking systems of the surveyed countries. However, this effect is not uniform for all banks. In particular, conventional banks of Southeast Asian countries seem less stable and more exposed to credit risk than the other ones. All of these results bring a new dimension of governance research from an Islamic perspective, which could be a valuable source ofknowledge for both bankers and regulators in the banking sector
Martin-Sisteron, Hugues. "L' adaptation des exigences de l'ordre moral islamique aux opérations de financement de projet : perspectives pour le droit français." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010281.
Full textRisfandy, Tastaftiyan. "Empirical essays on islamic banking : competition, stability and governance." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0004/document.
Full textThis dissertation highlights three important issues in Islamic banks. In the first chapter, we investigate the impact of dual market competition on the differences in deposit rate setting in Islamic and conventional banks. We show that there are notable differences in the determinants of deposit rates in the two types of institution. Market competition has a significant impact on deposit rate of conventional banks but not Islamic banks. Our result, in general, suggests that although Islamic banks’ deposit seems to be similar than conventional banks, their determinants are different. In the second chapter, we continue our investigations by looking at the competition-stability issue. Does competition between Islamic and conventional banks increase banks’ stability or fragility? Our main finding suggests that competitive dual banking market is not beneficial for banks’ stability. In line with the result from the first chapter, in the next investigation, dual market competition only matters for conventional banks. In the third chapter of this dissertation, we analyze the role of Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) on banks’ equity financing. Our result shows that Islamic banks’ equity financing is influenced by some characteristics of SSB. The presence of SSB member in the Board of Directors (BOD) or executive member has a positive impact on equity financing whereas the existence of a Shariah department in Islamic banks decreases the proportion of equity financing
Amrani, Fayçal. "Analyse du partage des risques financiers dans un système bancaire islamique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090059.
Full textWe analyze in this thesis the financial risk-sharing in an Islamic banking system. We build an analytical framework based on two provisions of Islamic law of contracts: the prohibition of Riba and Gharar. First, we analyze profit-sharing contracts, focusing on their role as an asset and their risk allocation. We also explain the dominance of mark-up contracts in the current practice of Islamic financial institutions. We then analyze the capital structure of Islamic banks, focusing on non-remunerated guaranteed accounts and their flexibility. We show the central place of the regulator in producing the necessaries conditions of good uses of these resources
Zuwam, Fatma. "La finance islamique une alternative à la finance classique." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR1009.
Full textThe financial crisis of 2018, called the subprimes crisis, highlighted the increasingly deeper disconnection between the financial economy and the real economy. The question then arose as to whether redirect the international finance to moral values. This context explains the interest in Islamic finance which is said to have been spared by the crisis, in particular, due to the ban of speculation (maīsir) which is illicit as regards Islamic law. Still in that context, some studies presented this finance as a competitor or even an alternative to the conventional finance. This stance can rely on the extension of Islamic finance to the Western countries. It can also rely on some arguments relating to ethical imperatives, recommended by Islam and adopted, in theory, by Islamic finance : prohibition of usurious interest (ribā) and of uncertainty in the terms of contractual transactions (gharār) ; profit and loss sharing between contractors and asset-backing in any financial operation ; benevolent loans (ḳarḍ al- ḥassān) and distribution of the zakāt (alms) to the needy ; implementation of an insurance based on solidarity (takāfūl) consisting of voluntary contributions and where the insured persons are insurers at the same time
Moaté, Michaël, and Michaël Moaté. "La création d'un droit bancaire islamique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753035.
Full textAbdallah, Amal. "La protection de fiduciant dans la gestion fiduciaire de portefeuille : étude comparative : droit français, droit libanais et pratique des banques islamiques." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020029.
Full textBen, Amar Amine. "Les canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire en finance non-conventionnelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED037.
Full textGoverned by a religiously inspired legal framework, Islamic banking is, in theory, different from conventional banking. While the literature on the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in a conventional framework is abundant, very little research, theoretical and empirical, has been focused directly at the role of Islamic banks in this transmission. Indeed, the existing literature does not present a complete analytical framework allowing a full and clear understanding of the role of Islamic banks in the transmission of monetary policy, and to identify and specify the nature of the interactions between Islamic and conventional banks. The aim of this thesis, made up of three chapters, is to study by which mechanisms and to what extent the central bank is likely to regulate the economic activity in the presence of Islamic banks
Gheeraert, Laurent. "Financial systems: essays on the cultural determinants and the relevance for economic development." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210212.
Full textThe literature argues that the size and efficiency of both banking systems and financial markets - the two major components of a financial system - matter for economic development. In the same vein, the quality of financial institutions and regulations are instrumental in the construction of a strong financial system.
We study several aspects of financial sector development in relation to three recent phenomena, namely, the rise of Islamic banking and finance, the increasing interest for emerging stock markets, and the growing remittance flows.
This thesis is made up of three essays.
The first essay extends the literature on the determinants of financial sector development, from the angle of culture. We show that, on average, Islamic finance favors the development of the banking sector in Muslim countries. We provide evidence that several countries have indeed been successful in launching a new, Shariah-compliant, banking system, while not harming the existing, conventional, banking sector. Our empirical analysis uses a newly-constructed original database on the size and performance of Islamic deposit banks globally over the period 2000 to 2005.
The second essay focuses on stock markets, in particular, the less-studied emerging equity markets. We confirm traditional literature findings on unconditional stock returns, over a panel of 53 Major and Frontier markets. Mainly, volatility is high, big surprises happen, and return correlations with the rest of the world are low but have been rising over the last decades. In spite of large differences in market size and liquidity, Frontier market returns are qualitatively similar to Major markets', except correlations, which are lower in Frontier markets. At current correlation levels, the latter continue to bring substantial diversification benefits to international investors.
The last essay examines the relationship between remittances and economic growth. It confirms that remittances are important for developing countries as they stimulate domestic investment. It then demonstrates, theoretically and empirically, that improving the access to bank deposit accounts is crucial to channel remittances to more productive uses. This is even more true when the access to international borrowing is costly.
The 2008-2009 financial crisis has propelled the improvement of financial systems to the top of policymakers' agendas. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the importance of finance in economic outcomes. It also brings a novel perspective on the determinants of financial systems./
Notre thèse a pour objet l'étude des déterminants et des rôles macro-économiques des secteurs financiers dans le monde.
Selon la littérature scientifique, la taille et l'efficacité des systèmes bancaires et des marchés financiers - les deux composantes principales d'un système financier - sont importantes pour le développement économique. Il apparaît également que la qualité des institutions et des régulations financières contribuent à la création d'un système financier fort.
Au travers de trois essais, nous examinons plusieurs aspects du développement du secteur financier, qui sont en relation avec trois phénomènes récents; à savoir: la croissance de la finance islamique, l'intérêt grandissant pour les marchés boursiers émergents, et l'augmentation des flux de transferts de fonds des migrants.
Dans le premier essai, nous nous intéressons aux facteurs culturels comme déterminants des secteurs financiers et, en particulier, au rôle de la religion musulmane. Nous montrons que, en moyenne, la finance islamique favorise le développement du secteur bancaire dans les pays musulmans. Plusieurs pays ont en effet réussi à développer un nouveau secteur bancaire compatible avec la Shariah, sans porter ombrage au secteur bancaire non islamique avec lequel il co-existe. Notre analyse empirique est fondée sur une base de données nouvelle et originale. Celle-ci a pour intérêt de fournir des indicateurs de taille et de performance des banques islamiques de dépôt dans le monde, pour la période 2000-2005.
Dans le deuxième essai, nous explorons les rendements inconditionnels obtenus sur les marchés boursiers, en particulier les marchés émergents d'actions. Notre analyse d'un large panel de 53 marchés émergents "Majeurs" et "Frontières" confirme les résultats traditionnellement observés dans la littérature. Ainsi, pour l'essentiel, les deux types de marchés sont volatils et émaillés d'événements extrêmes. De plus, les rendements des marchés émergents sont faiblements corrélés avec ceux du reste du monde, même si ces corrélations ont augmenté au cours des derniers décennies. Malgré d'importantes différences en terme de taille et de liquidité, les rendements sur marchés "Frontières" sont qualitativement similaires à ceux des marchés "Majeurs", à l'exception des corrélations. Ces dernières sont en effet actuellement plus faibles dans les marchés "Frontières", qui continuent dès lors à offrir d'importants bénéfices de diversification aux investisseurs internationaux.
Dans le dernier essai, nous examinons la relation entre les transferts d'argent des migrants et la croissance économique. Nous confirmons l'idée que les transferts de fonds des migrants sont importants pour les pays en voie de développement. Mais surtout, nous démontrons, de manière théorique et empirique, qu'il est crucial de faciliter dans ces pays l'accès aux comptes de dépôt bancaires, afin de transformer une plus grande part des transferts des migrants en investissements productifs. Ceci est d'autant plus vrai quand l'accès aux autres sources de capitaux internationaux est coûteux.
En conclusion, la crise financière de 2008-2009 a fait de l'amélioration des systèmes financiers la priorité de nombreuses politiques économiques. Dans cette perspective, notre travail apporte une contribution à une compréhension plus fine de l'importance de la finance pour l'économie, ainsi qu'une vision novatrice des déterminants des systèmes financiers.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ould-Bah, Mohamed Fall. "L'argent de Dieu : contribution à une anthropologie économique des systèmes financiers musulmans." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ018L/document.
Full textAIf we accept, with Max Weber, the power of religious "spiritual obstacles" and the deep interference of Islam in the life -individual and social as well- of Islamic societies, we can wonder about the viability, within theses societies, of financial "western" models, where interest, which is declared as usury by most jurists, plays a pre-eminent role. Conversely, is there an "Islamic financial model" able to constitute, at least for Islamic societies themselves, a credible alternative for multiple deadlocks in which conduct financial models called "conventional" as developed by "the western world?" Can this "model" be only based upon ribâ interdiction? Furthermore, in what thing interest does it constitute ribâ ? Is all interest ribâ ? These are some 6 ones among questions which always haunt all those interested in problems of (under) development in Islam land. It is somewhere at the intersection of those two sets of questions that "Islamic finance" was born. This thesis intends to study, through anthropology tools, economic mechanisms of this phenomenon expression in the context of Mauritania today
Alkhalaiwy, Thamer. "Le régime de la distribution de crédit et les obligations mises à la charge de son distributeur : étude de droit comparé, droit français-droit saoudien." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROD007.
Full textIf the appeal on credit today has become somewhat trivial, the regulation of this sector however proves to be a necessity. Regulations have therefore been set up concerning not only the operations of credit offered by the bankers, but also their behaviour concerning their clients during the conferment of credits. Saudi law and French law differ in this field. This is due to the fact that the Saudi law is based on the Charia, which influences its requirements concerning the distribution of credit. Among these requirements is the ban of loans with interest, or of the riba, creator of an original regime of credit distribution, which marks the major difference to French law, free from any religious requirements. On the other hand, although this divergence is ineluctable, a convergence can be found between Saudi law and French law concerning obligations put payable to the banker providing the credit. However, contrary to French law, these obligations in Saudi law lack in precision and evolution. Therefore convergence should once again be consolidated by drawing inspiration from the solutions given by French law in the field, notably by putting obligations on bankers in order to assure a fair balance between the interests of the banker and those of his borrower
Anouti-Azizé, Suzanne. "L'évolution du rôle d'une organisation transcontinentale fondée sur la solidarité religieuse : l'OCI." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED008.
Full textThe Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has been established in 1969, following the fire of the Al-Aqsa mosque. This organization represents the voice of the Islamic world and it is considered according to its membership, the second intergovernmental organization after the UNO. OIC includes fifty seven member states coming from all over the World.A Ten-year Program of Action (TYPOA) has been adopted in 2005 during the third extraordinary Islamic Summit, aiming at establishing a new vision for the Islamic World called: « Solidarity into action ».This thesis discusses the evolution of the role of the OIC relating international challenges of political, economic, social and cultural nature that the Islamic communities have to face. The thesis points out the matters that have been achieved through the TYPOA and the obstacles that the OIC faced regarding the necessity to unify the Islamic Ummah
El, Hammaoui Abdelaziz. "Les contrats nommés prévus au code civil du Québec et la finance islamique." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5126/1/M12547.pdf.
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