Academic literature on the topic 'Bantu languages; Southern Tanzania'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bantu languages; Southern Tanzania"

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Taji, Julius. "Definiteness in Chiyao." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v9i2.3.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the linguistic devices used to express definiteness in Chiyao, a Bantu language of Southern Tanzania, Southern Malawi, and north-western Mozambique. The analysis is guided by the familiarity theory of definiteness, and is based on the data collected through audio-recording of traditional narratives which were later transcribed to identify utterances with definite NPs. Findings establish three main strategies of signalling definiteness in the language, which include morphological, morphosyntactic, and use of bare nouns. The morphological indicators of definiteness include subject and object markers while the morphosyntactic indicators include demonstratives, locative particles, possessive determiners, genitive expressions, and relative clauses. Bare definiteness is mainly expressed by nouns of inalienable possession, including those denoting body parts and family relations. These findings enrich the existing literature on definiteness in Bantu languages and inform future typological and comparative studies on this subject.
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Odden, David. "Tone in the Makonde dialects Chimahuta." Studies in African Linguistics 21, no. 2 (August 15, 1990): 149–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v21i2.107437.

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This paper expands the descriptive study of tone in the Makonde dialects, started in Odden [1990], by studying the Chimahuta dialect. Like the Chimaraba dialect and a number of closely related Bantu languages of Southern Tanzania, Chimahuta verbs lack lexical tone properties, and all tones appearing on the surface in verbs arise as a consequence of rules of tone insertion, docking, spreading, and deletion.
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Bernander, Rasmus. "On the “Atypical” Imperative Verb Form in Manda." Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.69737.

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This paper accounts for the atypical Imperative verb form found in Manda, a Bantu language spoken along the shores of Lake Nyasa in southern Tanzania. Unlike the vast majority of Bantu languages, Manda lacks a reflex of the so called “morphologically specialized” imperative. Instead, Imperatives (as well as other directives) are expressed with the suffixation of a marker of the form -ayi. Based on the form-meaning variation found both language-internally and in comparative data, this study reconstructs the functional and formal pathways of change leading to the highly unusual situation encountered in today’s Manda. The study shows that the Manda Imperative originates from a construction consisting of a reflex of the pre-final morpheme *-a(n)g-, an imperfective marker originally recruited into the directive domain to add pragmatic overtones of emphasis. However, at some point in time the meaning of this erstwhile emphatic construction became neutralized and conventionalized as the regular imperative, while the marker itself became decategorialized and morphophonologically opaque.
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Patin, Cédric. "prosody of Shingazidja relatives." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (January 1, 2010): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.398.

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Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.
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Manus, Sophie. "prosody of Símákonde relative clauses." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (January 1, 2010): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.397.

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Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.
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Bernander, Rasmus. "The grammaticalization of -kotok- into a negative marker in Manda (Bantu N.11)." Linguistics 56, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 653–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0007.

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AbstractIt is common both crosslinguistically and specifically in Bantu languages for the prohibitive to be formed by a construction consisting of a cessative verb in collocation with a non-finite verb. This is also the case in Manda, an understudied Southern Tanzanian Bantu language. In Manda, a negative imperative is expressed by the auxiliary -kotok-, with the (lexical) meaning ‘leave (off), stop’, operating on an infinitive full verb. Intriguingly, there is variation in this construction, as -kotok- may be both formally reduced and may be used more broadly to denote non-factivity in other “non-main” (or non-standard) contexts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that this functional and formal variation reflects a historical and ongoing process of grammaticalization along the verb-to-affix cline. Drawing on field data, the available historical data and (micro-)comparative data, this study argues that -kotok- is transforming into a more general non-main negation marker. These changes corroborate Güldemann’s hypothesis (Güldemann, Tom. 1999. The genesis of verbal negation in Bantu and its dependency on functional features of clause types. In Jean-Marie Hombert & Larry Hyman (eds.), Bantu historical linguistics, 545–587. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications) that the salient category of non-standard secondary negative markers in Bantu is derived from constructions with an auxiliary and a non-finite verb.
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Odden, David. "Tone in the Makonde dialects Chimaraba." Studies in African Linguistics 21, no. 1 (April 15, 1990): 62–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v21i1.107439.

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This study presents data and an analysis of tone in the Chimaraba dialects of Makonde. It is shown that, as in many Bantu languages of Southern Tanzanian, verbs in Makonde have no lexical tone properties. Verb stems all select a single H tone, which is then mapped to some stem vowel, or is deleted, depending on the tense of the verb. Theoretical issues arise in the course of the investigation. The question of adjacency constraints in phonology is raised: Meeussen's Rule in Makonde requires that the involved tones be in adjacent syllables, although they need not be on adjacent morae. We also find evidence for treating the final syllable as extratonal. Since extratonality is rarer than extrametricality in stress systems, every example of extratonality has the potential to contribute to the theory of extraprosodicity.
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Legère, Karsten. "Missionary Contributions to Bantu Languages in Tanzania." Quot homines tot artes: New Studies in Missionary Linguistics 36, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2009): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2.11leg.

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Summary This paper deals with linguistic work by the lay missionary James Thomas Last (1850–1933), who was among the first Europeans to live up-country in what is now Tanzania. In the course of a seven-year stay he was exposed to African languages which have only partly been known outside Africa. Last collected linguistic data that culminated 1885 in the publication of the Polyglotta Africana Orientalis. This book is a collection of 210 lexical items and sentences elicited in or translated into 48 African languages, and supplemented by entries for some other languages. In order to demonstrate the relevance as well as the inconsistencies of this missionary’s contribution, special attention is paid to the book section on the Vidunda language currently spoken by approximately 10,000 people in Central Tanzania. It turns out that approximately 75 per cent of the Vidunda entries are still acceptable today. The data even provides insight into the grammatical set-up of Vidunda (e.g., the noun classes and constituents of the noun phrase). Less relevant are the verbal paradigms. In a nutshell, Last produced material which had for many years been the sole source of lexical and grammatical information about the Vidunda language.
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Spuy, Andrew van der. "Phonological relationships between the Southern Bantu languages." African Studies 49, no. 1 (January 1990): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020189008707720.

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Lusekelo, Amani. "The Incorporation of the Kiswahili Names of Cereals and Tubers in the Non-Bantu Languages in Tanzania." Utafiti 14, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-14010017.

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Abstract I articulate the mechanisms for the incorporation of Kiswahili names of the New World cereals and tubers in the Afro-asiatic, Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in Tanzania. The penetration of pastoral-terms from non-Bantu societies into Bantu communities is extensively documented. But research on the impact of Kiswahili on non-Bantu languages has not been given prominence except in a few studies. Thus, specific investigation of the names of cereals and tubers into non-Bantu languages is incomplete. With regard to transference of the nomenclature of the farm-related products, I show that the major donor languages in this study include Iraqw and Kiswahili. This result illuminates the fact that agro-pastoral communities (e.g. Iraqw) influence the lexicon of languages spoken by pastoralists (e.g. Datooga) and foraging communities (e.g. Hadza). I show that Kiswahili is the main agent of names of agriculture in non-Bantu communities. Moreover, I highlight that the names of crops are integrated through assignment of gender-number markers primarily in Hadza, Iraqw and Maasai. In Datooga, I show that the number suffixes dominate as the strategy to incorporate Kiswahili words in the language.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bantu languages; Southern Tanzania"

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Malambe, Gloria Baby. "Palatalization and other non-local effects in Southern Bantu languages." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444962/.

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Palatalization in Southern Bantu languages presents a number of challenges to phonological theory. Unlike 'canonical' palatalization, the process generally affects labial consonants rather than coronals or dorsals. It applies in the absence of an obvious palatalizing trigger and it can apply non-locally, affecting labials that are some distance from the palatalizing suffix. The process has been variously treated as morphologically triggered (e.g. Herbert 1977, 1990) or phonologically triggered (e.g. Cole 1992). I take a phonological approach and analyze the data using the constraint-based framework of Optimality Theory. I propose that the palatalizing trigger takes the form of a lexically floating palatal feature cor (Mester and ltd 1989 Yip 1992 Zoll 1996). The study locates siSwati palatalization within its broader Southern Bantu context. In my analysis I show that the behaviour of the other selected Bantu languages' palatalization follows from an analysis parallel to siSwati. Palatalization in all the languages involves an attempt to link the V-Place cor to a labial in the passive, diminutive, and locative and in addition, to an alveolar in the diminutive. The cor either palatalizes the root-final labial, as in khipha > khijv'a 'remove', or may surface as in the passive, as in pha > phiwa 'give'. Realization of the cor feature is dependent on language-specific differences. The languages investigated are compared within an Optimality Theory framework, showing that their differences follow from universal constraint re-rankings. I also include in this study other processes that are related to long distance palatalization: vowel harmony/co-articulation and tonal phonology. These processes show us that long distance effects are not peculiar to palatalization, since vowel harmony/co-articulation may also involve non-adjacent segments. Tone shift and tone spread may result in tone being realized syllables away from its underlying source. The vowel facts and some of the tonal facts of siSwati have been investigated phonetically. It is argued that while Sesotho shows true vowel harmony, siSwati is still at the co-articulation stage. This difference is also modelled as re-ranking in an Optimality Theory grammar.
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Green, Maia. "The construction of 'religion' and the perpetuation of 'tradition' among Pogoro Catholics, southern Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1286/.

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This thesis is an ethnographic account of contemporary religious practice among a Bantu agricultural people in Southern Tanzania, the majority of whom are affiliated to the Roman Catholic Church. It examines the dialectic between Christianity and what the Pogoro consider to be 'traditional' practice as resulting in a locally defined Catholicism and in the separation of formal, official Christianity from 'traditional practice'. The thesis looks at how the existence of an institutional religion, in this case Catholicism, defines some aspects of local practice as traditional in opposition to it, while, at the same time, elements of Christian practice have been adopted by the community in a non institutional way. The thesis describes Pogoro Christianity, the role of the Church and Pogoro perceptions of it and gives an account of that which they consider to belong to the realm of 'tradition'. Traditional practice is not in actuality unchanging, but any changes in traditional practice must be legitimated by the authority of the dead and the spirits. The first part of the thesis provides the historical and geographical background. This is followed by a chapter on the Catholic Church in the area and official Catholic practice. Local Catholic practice and perceptions of the church and Christianity are described and accounted for. The next section looks at what is constituted as belonging to the realm of 'tradition'. The core chapters in this section describe girls puberty rites, funerals and the relationship with the dead. It is here that Catholic practice enters the realm of 'tradition'. A chapter examines the place of witchcraft eradication movements among the Pogoro, and in East and central Africa, to demonstrate how 'tradition' can and does change, and to provide a contrast with the position of Christianity among the Pogoro. This is dealt with in the final chapter in which I argue that there are limits on the 'traditionalisation' of Christianity among the Pogoro, and in other similar societies, and that these limits are to some extent a function of the institutional nature of Christianity.
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Chavula, Catherine. "Using language similarities in retrieval for resource scarce languages: a study of several southern Bantu languages." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33614.

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Most of the Web is published in languages that are not accessible to many potential users who are only able to read and understand their local languages. Many of these local languages are Resources Scarce Languages (RSLs) and lack the necessary resources, such as machine translation tools, to make available content more accessible. State of the art preprocessing tools and retrieval methods are tailored for Web dominant languages and, accordingly, documents written in RSLs are lowly ranked and difficult to access in search results, resulting in a struggling and frustrating search experience for speakers of RSLs. In this thesis, we propose the use of language similarities to match, re-rank and return search results written in closely related languages to improve the quality of search results and user experience. We also explore the use of shared morphological features to build multilingual stemming tools. Focusing on six Bantu languages spoken in Southeastern Africa, we first explore how users would interact with search results written in related languages. We conduct a user study, examining the usefulness and user preferences for ranking search results with different levels of intelligibility, and the types of emotions users experience when interacting with such results. Our results show that users can complete tasks using related language search results but, as intelligibility decreases, more users struggle to complete search tasks and, consequently, experience negative emotions. Concerning ranking, we find that users prefer that relevant documents be ranked higher, and that intelligibility be used as a secondary criterion. Additionally, we use a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach to investigate enhanced interface features that could assist users to effectively interact with such search results. Usability evaluation of our designed interface scored 86% using the System Usability Scale (SUS). We then investigate whether ranking models that integrate relevance and intelligibility features would improve retrieval effectiveness. We develop these features by drawing from traditional Information Retrieval (IR) models and linguistics studies, and employ Learning To Rank (LTR) and unsupervised methods. Our evaluation shows that models that use both relevance and intelligibility feature(s) have better performance when compared to models that use relevance features only. Finally, we propose and evaluate morphological processing approaches that include multilingual stemming, using rules derived from common morphological features across Bantu family of languages. Our evaluation of the proposed stemming approach shows that its performance is competitive on queries that use general terms. Overall, the thesis provides evidence that considering and matching search results written in closely related languages, as well as ranking and presenting them appropriately, improves the quality of retrieval and user experience for speakers of RSLs.
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McCormack, Anna. "Subject and object pronominal agreement in the southern Bantu languages, from a dynamic syntax perspective." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28828/.

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One of the most distinguishing aspects of the Bantu languages is the use of pronominal agreement markers. This thesis examines the nature of these agreement markers, focussing primarily the object marker, with Setswana being the primary language used for illustration due to the unusual feature of it allowing multiple object marker constructions. This thesis is comprised of seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction and lays out the rest of the thesis with an explanation of what will be achieved in each chapter. The second chapter is an introduction to the Bantu languages and is primarily concerned with their structure, though there is also a discussion on the languages and the speakers themselves. The third chapter is an introduction to Setswana, the language primarily used in the thesis for illustration and examples. Setswana is a tone language and so this chapter includes a discussion on tone in the language, and in particular there is a section illustrating the grammatical effects of tone using the conjunctive/disjunctive distinction as identified by Creissels, 1996.1 The fourth chapter looks specifically at agreement in the Bantu languages, focussing on object marker agreement. It includes a discussion on the noun class system and then a comparison of two seminal works on the subject and object agreement markers in Bantu: Bresnan & Mchombo, 1987 and Demuth & Johnson, 1989.2 The fifth chapter is an introduction to Dynamic Syntax, the theory within which pronominal agreement is analysed in this thesis. The sixth chapter is the analysis of multiple object marker constructions in Setswana using the tools as provided by DS. The analysis involves invoking a notion of pragmatic inference combined with Local Adjunction. The seventh and final chapter is the conclusion which summarises the thesis and suggests possible avenues for further study or investigation.
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Charwi, Mary Zacharia [Verfasser], and Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer. "Morphosyntactic and Semantic Aspects of Verb Extension Systems in Bantu Languages : A Case Study of Kuria (E43) in Tanzania / Mary Zacharia Charwi ; Betreuer: Gabriele Sommer." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140842765/34.

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Books on the topic "Bantu languages; Southern Tanzania"

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Mous, Maarten. A grammatical sketch of Mbugwe: Bantu F34, Tanzania. Köln: Köppe, 2004.

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Chiku, Lijongwa, ed. A grammatical sketch of Chindamba, a Bantu language (G52) of Tanzania. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010.

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Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society, ed. Comparative Bantu phonology and morphology: A study of the sound systems and word structure of the indigenous languages of Southern Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society (CASAS), 2006.

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The Languages of Tanzania: A Bibliography. Göteburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis 2002. (Orientalia et Africana Gothoburgensia), 2002.

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Doke, C. M. The Southern Bantu Languages. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546.

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Southern Bantu Languages: Handbook of African Languages. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Gambarage, Joash J. Unmasking the Bantu Orthographic Vowels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0019.

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Bantu vowel phonemes are reflexes of the Proto-Bantu seven-vowel system /*i *ɪ * ε‎ *a *ɔ *ʊ *u/. While lax high vowels were supplanted in some systems because of vowel mergers in the first two degrees /*i *ɪ/ and /*u *ʊ/, lax mid vowels / ε‎ ɔ/ are attested across most Bantu languages either underlyingly or at surface. Widespread use of roman orthographic vowels has left the phonemic status of mid vowels fuzzy. Here the orthography is treated as a “mask” disguising the phonetic quality of vowels, to be “unmasked” with the help of proper documentation and description. With examples from endangered Bantu languages of Tanzania and from Swahili current vowel documentation methodologies and theoretical approaches for unmasking are discussed. The distribution of mid vowels is characterized with a theory of markedness which contributes to understanding why lax mid vowels may be either triggers or targets of harmony and why a low vowel may be opaque or transparent to harmony.
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Gambarage, Joash J., Andrei Anghelescu, Strang Burton, Joel Dunham, Erin Guntly, Hermann Keupdjio, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, et al. The Nata Documentation Project. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0003.

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This chapter introduces the research context of three chapters in this volume (Anghelescu et al., Déchaine et al., Gambarage & Pulleyblank), all of which discuss an aspect of the grammar of Nata (Guthrie E45), an under-described Eastern Bantu language spoken in Tanzania. This overview also presents issues that situate the theme of these papers within the larger context of the documentation of endangered languages.
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de Luna, Kathryn M. Scales and Units. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0011.

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This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bantu languages; Southern Tanzania"

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Abe, Yuko. "The Continuum of Languages in West Tanzania Bantu: A Case Study of Gongwe, Bende, and Pimbwe." In Geographical Typology and Linguistic Areas, 177. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tufs.2.13abe.

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Marten, L. "Southern Bantu Languages." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 595–98. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/02320-8.

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"Southern Tanzania." In African Languages/Langues Africaines, edited by Kahombo Mateene, P. Akụjụobi Nwachukwu, and David Dalby, 105–49. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315103860-5.

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Doke, C. M. "Introduction." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 7–10. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-1.

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Doke, C. M. "The Shona Group." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 205–30. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-10.

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Doke, C. M. "The History and Growth of Knowledge Concerning the Southern Bantu Languages." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 11–19. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-2.

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Doke, C. M. "The Classification of the Southern Bantu Languages." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 20–25. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-3.

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Doke, C. M. "The Phonetics and Phonology of the Southern Bantu Languages." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 26–46. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-4.

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Doke, C. M. "The Morphology of the Southern Bantu Languages." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 47–90. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-5.

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Doke, C. M. "The NGUNI Group." In The Southern Bantu Languages, 91–118. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104546-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bantu languages; Southern Tanzania"

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Chavula, Catherine, and Hussein Suleman. "Ranking by Language Similarity for Resource Scarce Southern Bantu Languages." In ICTIR '21: The 2021 ACM SIGIR International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471158.3472251.

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Badenhorst, Jaco, Charl van Heerden, Marelie Davel, and Etienne Barnard. "Collecting and evaluating speech recognition corpora for nine Southern Bantu languages." In the First Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1564508.1564510.

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