Journal articles: 'Baobab tree'

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Taylor, Peter J., Catherine Vise, Macy A. Krishnamoorthy, Tigga Kingston, and Sarah Venter. "Citizen Science Confirms the Rarity of Fruit Bat Pollination of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Flowers in Southern Africa." Diversity 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12030106.

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The iconic African baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) has “chiropterophilous” flowers that are adapted for pollination by fruit bats. Although bat pollination of baobabs has been documented in east and west Africa, it has not been confirmed in southern Africa where it has been suggested that hawk moths (Nephele comma) may also be involved in baobab pollination. We used a citizen science approach to monitor baobab tree and flower visitors from dusk till midnight at 23 individual baobab trees over 27 nights during the flowering seasons (November–December) of 2016 and 2017 in northern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe (about 1650 visitors). Insect visitors frequently visited baobab flowers, including hawk moths, but, with one exception in southeastern Zimbabwe, no fruit bats visited flowers. Citizen science enabled us to substantiate preliminary conclusions about the relative importance of moth versus bat pollination of baobabs in southern Africa, with important implications for resource management.

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ASSOGBA, Orgely Doris Imeilda, Kolawolé Valère SALAKO, Benjamin FANTODJI, Éméline P. S. ASSÉDÉ, Achille Ephrem ASSOGBADJO, and Paxie Wanangwa CHIRWA. "Does land use type impact the demographic and spatial structures of Adansonia digitata L. in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Northern Benin?" BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 344 (August 18, 2020): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.344.a31908.

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Changes in land use type (LUT) are a major driver of biodiversity loss and species decline. Responses to changes in LUT are species-specific, which may in turn be context-dependent. Understanding such responses is essential for the management of socio-economically important wild tree species. The baobab, Adansonia digitata L., is an important traditional agroforestry tree species in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses how LUT affects the demographic and spatial structure of baobab stands. Using data from a census and mapping of baobab trees in 12 plots of 250 m × 250 m each, the study compared baobab tree density, total height and diameter, diameter size-class distribution (SCD), stand stability, and spatial relationships in a strictly protected area (national park), a buffer zone and farmlands (Matéri and Boukombé) in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin. The results show that the highest young and adult tree densities are in farmlands (particularly in Matéri), followed by the buffer zone and the national park. No significant differences in tree diameter and total height of baobab trees were found among the different LUT. The SCD had a reverse J-shape with a better negative slope and population stability metrics in farmlands (particularly in Matéri) but a flattened slope in the buffer zone. The spatial distributions of juvenile and adult baobab trees were random, and independent of each other. The spatial distribution of juvenile and adult baobabs was also independent of the other tree species, irrespective of LUT. It was concluded that baobab conservation is better in farmlands than in the national park but that the difference between park and farmlands may be context-dependent, probably linked to local environmental conditions, the socio-ecological context and interactions with baobab trees.

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KUMAR, Dr D. SURESH. "THE BAOBAB TREE." Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15254/h.j.d.med.10.2018.16.

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Trees are known to live for many years. Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment while meditating underneath a peepal tree (Ficus religiosa). A branch of the original tree was rooted in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka in 288 B.C. and is known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi. It is the oldest plant in the world. Long-living plants are found in many parts of the world. The Baobab tree is one among them. Baobab is the common name of a genus of trees (Adansonia) distributed in Madagascar, Africa, Australia and India. The Baobab is the national tree of Madagascar. The Baobab is also known as “bottle tree”, “the tree of life”, “upside-down tree”, and “monkey bread tree”.

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Green, Jonathan. "[Illustration]: Baobab Tree." Callaloo, no. 36 (1988): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931538.

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SANOU, JOSIAS, JULES BAYALA, PAULIN BAZIÉ, and ZEWGE TEKLEHAIMANOT. "PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION BY MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM) AND TARO (COLOCASIA ESCULENTA) GROWN UNDER BAOBAB (ADANSONIA DIGITATA)AND NÉRÉ (PARKIA BIGLOBOSA) IN AN AGROFORESTRY PARKLAND SYSTEM OF BURKINA FASO (WEST AFRICA)." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712000014.

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SUMMARYPhotosynthesis and biomass production by millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) grown under baobab (Adansonia digitata) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) was studied at Nobéré (Burkina Faso) with the aim of optimising parkland systems productivity. Millet yielded the highest biomass under Baobab and the lowest biomass was recorded in the zone close to the tree trunk of néré. In contrast, the biomass of taro was higher in heavy shaded zones under néré and the zone close to baobab's trunk. The two crops showed an increasing trend of photosynthesis rate (PN) from tree trunk to the open area. However, the increase in thePNof taro from tree trunk to the open field was lower compared to that of millet. By increasing its leaf area index (LAI) under shade, taro displayed higher biomass production under tree compared to the open area while an opposite trend was observed in millet. The high millet biomass production under baobab could be explained by light availability and the reduction of temperature under shade compared to the open field. The adaptation of taro to shade by increasing its LAI and thus avoiding drastic reduction inPNunder shade resulted in better biomass production under heavy shade. Therefore, it was concluded that by replacing millet with taro under dense tree crowns the productivity of agroforestry parkland systems could be increased.

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Sanchez, Aida Cuni. "The baobab tree in Malawi." Fruits 66, no. 6 (November 2011): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2011055.

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Darr, Dietrich, Chifundo Chopi-Msadala, Collins Duke Namakhwa, Kathrin Meinhold, and Chimuleke Munthali. "Processed Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Food Products in Malawi: From Poor Men’s to Premium-Priced Specialty Food?" Forests 11, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060698.

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The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is an important source of non-timber forest products in sub-Saharan Africa. Its fruits contain high amounts of vitamin C, calcium, and dietary fibre. In addition, other parts of the tree are traditionally used for human consumption, particularly during lean seasons. In line with the increasing demand for natural, healthy, and nutritious food products, the baobab has great potential to contribute to human nutrition and rural livelihoods. In Malawi, where demand for baobab has substantially increased within the last decade, baobab fruits are being processed into a variety of food and non-food products, such as fruit juice, ice-lollies, sweets, and cosmetics. Yet, information on the sociodemographic background and quality preferences of baobab consumers is scanty. The current study, therefore, aimed to (1) map the diversity of baobab products available in Malawi; (2) determine consumer segments and their preferences for the most common baobab food products; and (3) examine the contribution of major attributes of processed baobab food products on their price. We employed a mixed-methods approach including the analysis of 132 baobab products and a survey of 141 consumers in formal and informal retail outlets, adopting multistage and purposive sampling. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using cluster analysis, cross tabulation, and hedonic regression. Results pointed to two distinct consumer segments for baobab food products, largely following the formal–informal product divide currently existing in Malawi. Both segments clearly differed with regard to preferred product attributes. We also showed that extrinsic product attributes such as packaging quality, labelling, conformity with food standards, or health claims provided distinct differentiation potential for baobab food manufacturers. In addition to providing empirical evidence for the transition of baobab food products into higher-value market segments, our results can help food processing enterprises to improve the composition and marketing of their baobab products.

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Armstrong, Jim, Wilma Stockenström, and J. M. Coetzee. "The Expedition to the Baobab Tree." World Literature Today 59, no. 1 (1985): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40140793.

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Ebert, Georg. "Baobab: renaissance of a forgotten African tree." Journal of Biogeography 33, no. 2 (February 2006): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01428.x.

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Chládová, Anna, Marie Kalousová, Bohumil Mandák, Katja Kehlenbeck, Kathleen Prinz, Jan Šmíd, Patrick Van Damme, and Bohdan Lojka. "Genetic diversity and structure of baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) in southeastern Kenya." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 190854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190854.

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Baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) is an iconic tree of African savannahs. Its multipurpose character and nutritional composition of fruits and leaves offer high economic and social potential for local communities. There is an urgent need to characterize the genetic diversity of the Kenyan baobab populations in order to facilitate further conservation and domestication programmes. This study aims at documenting the genetic diversity and structure of baobab populations in southeastern Kenya. Leaf or bark samples were collected from 189 baobab trees in seven populations distributed in two geographical groups, i.e. four inland and three coastal populations. Nine microsatellite loci were used to assess genetic diversity. Overall, genetic diversity of the species was high and similarly distributed over the populations. Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analysis congruently divided the populations into two distinct clusters, suggesting significant differences between inland and coastal populations. The genetic differentiation between coastal and inland populations suggests a limited possibility of gene flow between these populations. Further conservation and domestications studies should take into consideration thegeographical origin of trees and more attention should be paid to morphological characterization of fruits and leaves of the coastal and inland populations to understand the causes and the impact of the differentiation.

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Braca, Alessandra, Chiara Sinisgalli, Marinella De Leo, Beatrice Muscatello, Pier Luigi Cioni, Luigi Milella, Angela Ostuni, Sergio Giani, and Rokia Sanogo. "Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) from Mali, as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds." Molecules 23, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123104.

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Background: Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae), also known as baobab, is a tree attracting recent interest especially due to the high nutritional value of the fruit pulp. However, few studies are reported on the secondary metabolite content, showing high variability depending on the geographic region. Methods: In this study, the chemical profiles of Malian commercial baobab fruits and leaves, focused on phenolic content, were investigated by HPLC coupled with a photodiode array (PDA)/UV and an electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (MS) and gas chromatography (GC)/MS. In addition, the extracts of fruit pulps obtained from three different markets (Fruits 1, 2, and 3) were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition. Results: Baobab fruit pulps were found to be rich in procyanidins and flavonol glycosides, with tiliroside as the major constituent. The baobab leaves showed a similar profile respect to the fruits, but with more detected phenolics. All fruit pulp extracts exerted antioxidant activity (highest for Fruit 3) and higher α-glucosidase inhibition than acarbose used as standard. Conclusions: This study confirmed the variability of baobab with different origins and indicated Malian species baobab as a promising source of health-promoting substances.

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Agbohessou, M., K. V. Salako, R. Idohou, R. C. Gbedomon, A. Hounkpèvi, F. J. Chadare, R. Glèlè Kakaï, and A. E. Assogbadjo. "Status of vegetative propagation of baobab: A review." African Crop Science Journal 28, s1 (October 2, 2020): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i1.16s.

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The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a large tree of great socio-economic and cultural importance in Africa, with almost all the parts of the species used for various purposes. A major concern about baobab fruit pulp production is the long time it takes for first fruiting (about 15 years). Vegetative propagation offers several advantages with regard to consumers’ preferences and precociousness of fructification. The objective of this study was to synthesise existent knowledge related to vegetative propagation methods of baobab and examine future prospects for improving the species propagation. This will ultimately contribute to better integrate baobab-based agroforestry systems into the diversification and poverty alleviation programmes. It is clear that cutting, grafting and in vitro multiplication are the vegetative propagation methods already tested on baobab. The success of grafting methods ranges from 10 to 89%, depending on the technique used. The Murashige and Skoog environment, supplemented with or without growth regulator hormones is by far the best condition for the in vitro reactivity of baobab explants, regardless of their types. With regards to cuttings, the average success rates stand around 30% when Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone is used. Other approaches such as marcotting techniques are yet to be tested and data on fruit production using these techniques are still needed in order to determine the best promising method for rapid and efficient vegetative propagation of baobab.

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Patrut, Adrian, Stephan Woodborne, Roxana T. Patrut, Grant Hall, Laszlo Rakosy, Christiaan Winterbach, and Karl F. von Reden. "Age, Growth and Death of a National Icon: The Historic Chapman Baobab of Botswana." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110983.

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The year 2016 witnessed the fall of a symbol of the botanical world: the historic Chapman baobab of Botswana. This article presents the results of our investigation of the standing and fallen tree. The Chapman baobab had an open ring-shaped structure composed of six partially fused stems. Several wood samples collected from the stems prior and after their collapse were analysed by using radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 1381 ± 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1345 (+10, −15) calendar years. The dating results show that the six stems of the Chapman baobab belonged to three different generations, which were 1350–1400, 800–1000 and 500–600 years old. The growth rate variation of the largest and oldest stem is presented and correlated with the climate evolution in the area over the past 1000 years. The factors that determined the sudden fall and death of the Chapman baobab are also presented and discussed.

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Agnarsson, Ingi. "ADANSONIA IS A BAOBAB TREE, NOT A THERIDIID SPIDER." Journal of Arachnology 28, no. 3 (December 2000): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0351:aiabtn]2.0.co;2.

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Bush, Elizabeth. "Buried beneath the Baobab Tree by Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 72, no. 1 (2018): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0603.

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Agúndez, Dolores, Sitou Lawali, Ali Mahamane, Ricardo Alía, and Mario Soliño. "Farmers’ Preferences for Conservation and Breeding Programs of Forestry Food Resources in Niger." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060697.

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In a less-favored area such as the Sahel, promoting sustainable management, breeding, and conservation of forestry resources would result in improvements for agroforestry systems and food security. A contingent ranking exercise allowed us to estimate the preferences and the values given by the rural population to the attributes that would be comprised in a conservation program. The resulting preferred program is farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) based on the species Adansonia digitata (baobab), with plantation, stone bunds, or tassa, and selected or bred seeds. The proposed actions to improve the tree density and the seed quality were highly valued by the respondents. Nevertheless, no clear differences were found between tassa and stone bunds, or FMNR and plantation. The main effects of the program, according to the surveyed population, include an increase in crop production and soil conservation, and higher income from tree products. This study allowed us to identify the program that would provide the greatest well-being for farmers, since it would allow them to simultaneously improve both the production of their crops and the production of the woody food species. It was shown that farmers were particularly willing to contribute to a program based on baobab, mainly because its products are used for food in the home and can be sold in markets. In this sense, the yield and production of the system would be improved by increasing the number of baobab trees. Farmers would contribute to this production system and would be willing to invest sustainable effort in the long term. The conservation and breeding program can be directed at conserving and propagating the genetic resources of A. digitata in an initial phase, selecting trees with good production, growth, and adaptation characteristics.

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De Caluwé, Emmy, Kateřina Halamouá, and Patrick Van Damme. "Adansonia digitata L. – A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology." Afrika Focus 23, no. 1 (February 25, 2010): 11–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02301005.

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Baobab (Adansonia digitata L., Malvaceae) is a multi-purpose tree species native to Africa. Its fruit pulp has very high vitamin C content (ffi ten times that of orange), and can be used in seasoning, as an appetizer and to make juices. Seeds contain appreciable quantities of crude protein, digestible carbohydrates and oil, whereas they have high levels of lysine, thiamine, Ca and Fe. They can be eaten fresh or dried, ground into flour and thus added to soups and stews. Processing eliminates a number of anti-nutritional factors present in the seed. Baobab leaves are superior in nutritional quality to fruit pulp, and contain significant levels of vitamin A. The leaves are a staple for many populations in Africa, and are eaten fresh or dried. Several plant parts have interesting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and baobab has been used extensively since ancient times in traditional medicine.

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Slotta, Franziska, Lukas Wacker, Frank Riedel, Karl-Uwe Heußner, Kai Hartmann, and Gerhard Helle. "High-resolution <sup>14</sup>C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman." Biogeosciences 18, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021.

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Abstract. The African baobab, Adansonia digitata L., has great paleoclimatological potential because of its wide distributional range and millennial length life span. However, dendroclimatological approaches are hampered by dating uncertainties due to its unique, parenchyma-dominated stem anatomy. Here, securely dated time series of annual wood increment growth and intra-ring stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen of cellulose for a baobab tree from Oman covering 1941 to 2005 were established and tested for relationships to hydroclimate variability. Precise dating with the atomic bomb peak (ABP) using highly resolved 14C measurements confirmed the annual character of the baobab's growth rings. F14C values of tree-ring cellulose were found up to 8.8 % lower than in the corresponding atmospheric CO2 for the period around the ABP, which in conjunction with a considerable autocorrelation of the δ13C series points to the incorporation of previous year's carbon contributing to the average age of intra-ring wood samples. F14C of terminal parenchyma bands, marking the tree-ring boundaries, were found to be considerably younger than their corresponding tree ring, indicating that parenchyma tissue is alive for many years, probably undergoing cell division and structural reorganization and contributing to secondary growth. In contrast to the δ13C time series, no significant autocorrelation was found in the δ18O series of tree-ring cellulose despite the enormous water storage potential of this stem-succulent tree species. Year-to-year variability in tree-ring width and stable isotope ratios revealed radial stem growth and the geochemistry of wood cellulose are influenced by fluctuations in the hydroclimate. In particular, δ18O was found to be a good climate proxy, followed by tree-ring width and δ13C. Tree-ring width and intra-ring δ18Omin correlated well with each other and with precipitation amount for the period from pre-monsoon May to the end of the monsoon season in September/October. Intra-annual stable isotope courses were found to be rather similar for both δ13C and δ18O. Years with particularly low monsoon rain were reflected by increased stable isotope values in the mid-section of intra-annual courses. Distinct patterns with low subseasonal isotope values seem indicative for years with heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones. Rain events from post-monsoonal cyclones may also be recorded; however, only 2 years of observation prevented a more conclusive evaluation.

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Patrut, Adrian, Stephan Woodborne, Roxana T. Patrut, Laszlo Rakosy, Grant Hall, Ileana-Andreea Ratiu, and Karl F. Von Reden. "Final Radiocarbon Investigation of Platland Tree, the Biggest African Baobab." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia 62, no. 2 (June 16, 2017): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2017.2.27.

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Patrut, Adrian, Diana H. Mayne, Karl F. von Reden, Daniel A. Lowy, Sarah Venter, Ann P. McNichol, Mark L. Roberts, and Dragos Margineanu. "Age and Growth Rate Dynamics of an Old African Baobab Determined by Radiocarbon Dating." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045744.

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In 2008, a large African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) from Makulu Makete, South Africa, split vertically into 2 sections, revealing a large enclosed cavity. Several wood samples collected from the cavity were processed and radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for determining the age and growth rate dynamics of the tree. The 14C date of the oldest sample was found to be of 1016 ± 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1000 ± 15 yr. Thus, the Makulu Makete tree, which eventually collapsed to the ground and died, becomes the second oldest African baobab dated accurately to at least 1000 yr. The conventional growth rate of the trunk, estimated by the radial increase, declined gradually over its life cycle. However, the growth rate expressed more adequately by the cross-sectional area increase and by the volume increase accelerated up to the age of 650 yr and remained almost constant over the past 450 yr.

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Kranjac-Berisavljevic, G., Y. I. Balma, and B. Z. Gandaa. "SECURING FOOD IN THE HUNGRY SEASON: ROLE OF THE BAOBAB TREE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 806 (January 2009): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.806.8.

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Patrut, Adrian, Diana H. Mayne, Karl F. von Reden, Daniel A. Lowy, Robert van Pelt, Ann P. McNichol, Mark L. Roberts, and Dragos Margineanu. "Fire History of a Giant African Baobab Evinced by Radiocarbon Dating." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045732.

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The article reports the first radiocarbon dating of a live African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), by investigating wood samples collected from 2 inner cavities of the very large 2-stemmed Platland tree of South Africa. Some 16 segments extracted from determined positions of the samples, which correspond to a depth of up to 15–20 cm in the wood, were processed and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Calibrated ages of segments are not correlated with their positions in the stems of the tree. Dating results indicate that the segments originate from new growth layers, with a thickness of several centimeters, which cover the original old wood. Four new growth layers were dated before the reference year AD 1950 and 2 layers were dated post-AD 1950, in the post-bomb period. Formation of these layers was triggered by major damage inside the cavities. Fire episodes are the only possible explanation for such successive major wounds over large areas or over the entire area of the inner cavities of the Platland tree, able to trigger regrowth.

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Renne, Elisha P. "Sylvan Memories of People, Place, and Trees in Nangodi, Northeastern Ghana." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 50–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751800049x.

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AbstractPeople's relationships with trees reflect the landscape histories associated with distinctive forms of political and religious authority and the moral imaginings of people in Nangodi and its environs in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Their memories of particular trees serve as historical evidence of overlapping yet specific forms of political authority exercised by chiefs, earth priests, past colonial officers, and present-day Ghanaian government officials. In Nangodi, individual family ancestral tree shrines, clan tree cemeteries, and sacred groves associated with earth priests and chiefs coexist with the Red Volta West Forest Reserve and with a succession of tree-related development initiatives. While these relationships are often considered as separate claims to political authority, spiritual power, or scientific knowledge, this paper argues that these relationships of people and of trees are better conceptualized as historical accumulations that represent intersecting and contested forms of authority and political rule continuing into the present. Indigenous tree species such as ebony are associated with sacred groves controlled by chiefs, silk-cotton trees with earth priests’ cemeteries, and baobab trees with particular families coexist with foreign teak trees associated with colonial forestry. This situation suggests how institutions of governance as well as the actions of individuals have environmental consequences. A consideration of historical memories of people and trees in places such as Nangodi enables a rethinking of political and environmental dichotomies, and complicates the social dynamics of` the preservation and destruction of trees and forests around the world.

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Patrut, Adrian, Karl F. von Reden, Diana H. Mayne, Daniel A. Lowy, and Roxana T. Patrut. "AMS radiocarbon investigation of the African baobab: Searching for the oldest tree." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 294 (January 2013): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.04.025.

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Sanchez, Aida Cuni, Patrick E. Osborne, and Nazmul Haq. "Identifying the global potential for baobab tree cultivation using ecological niche modelling." Agroforestry Systems 80, no. 2 (February 13, 2010): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9282-2.

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Czerepaniak-Walczak, Maria. "Education under the baobab tree. About reforming education in the Republic of Kenya." Yearbook of Pedagogy 41, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rp-2018-0010.

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SummaryIn the text, on the background of a brief presentation of the political and demographic specifics of the Republic of Kenya, the education system in this country is discussed, with particular emphasis on its structure following the latest reform. The premises and assumptions of the reform of the school system and teachers’ education are briefly outlined. Current changes at universities are also discussed.

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SANCHEZ, AIDA CUNI. "THE STATUS OF BAOBAB TREE POPULATIONS IN SOUTHERN MALAWI: IMPLICATIONS FOR FURTHER EXPLOITATION." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 20, no. 2-3 (January 2011): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2011.9756704.

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Taber, Charles R. "Book Review: Embracing the Baobab Tree: The African Proverb in the 21st Century." Missiology: An International Review 28, no. 4 (October 2000): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960002800427.

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POOLE, NIGEL, CAMILLA AUDIA, BARTÉLÉMY KABORET, and REBECCA KENT. "Tree products, food security and livelihoods: a household study of Burkina Faso." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 4 (June 22, 2016): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000175.

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SUMMARYThis paper examines the contribution of products derived from baobab (Adansonia digitata), shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) to rural livelihoods in Burkina Faso. A survey was conducted in northern and southern regions to identify and understand the social and environmental factors influencing the utilization of tree products by rural households for home consumption and commercialization, and to explore the contribution of tree products to food security. Emphasis was placed on the roles and responsibilities of women for tree product utilization. Inter- and intra-household relationships governing tree foods were found to vary between regions and tree species, and with gender and household composition. Collection and utilization of tree products differed between north and south because of contrasting ecological contexts and evolving social mores. Household decision making processes were negotiated and consensual in both regions. The results suggest that domestication and dissemination of planting and regeneration technologies, and product processing and marketing initiatives, need a gendered and tree-specific approach in order to build on local norms and capacities. Measures for the conservation and management of tree resources are most important where ecological constraints are most severe but dependence is greatest for sustaining food security.

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Aluko, Angela Ezra, John Kinyuru, Lucy Mlipano Chove, Peter Kahenya, and Willis Owino. "Nutritional Quality and Functional Properties of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Pulp from Tanzania." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 5 (September 26, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n5p23.

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Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a majestic tree associated with human habitation in some of the semi-arid regions of Africa and establishes an enormous economic and nutritional importance to the rural residential districts. The fruit pulp is considered to be of high nutritional significance; particularly vitamin C and calcium, also possess antioxidant functions as well as high dietary fiber content. Although it is a potential fruit for improving local diets and livelihoods,this fruit is underutilized and its potential not yet fully acknowledged. This work was contracted with the aim of defining the nutritional quality and functional properties of baobab pulp harvested from some selected parts of Tanzania.Results indicated that the pulp from the three locations had moisture content which ranged between 9.16% to 10.30%, fat 0.46%-1.98%, ash 4.75%-5.21%, fiber 5.91%-9.65%, protein 3.23%-3.53%, carbohydrate 80.49%-85.19, vitamin C 169.74mg/100g-231.57mg/100g, beta-carotene 2.16 mg/100g-3.19mg/100g.Fructose 0.56±0.15-0.81±0.17g/100g, glucose 0.77±0.26-0.87±0.31g/100g and sucrose 0.75±0.25-0.84±0.29g/100g. The substantial differences (p≤ 0.05) between locations were observed in fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and fructose. Vitamin C, beta-carotene, protein, ash, moisture, sucrose and glucose showed no significance difference (p≤ 0.05) among locations. The functional properties included emulsification, foaming and gelling properties which ranged between 37.9-45.15%, 1.85-6.57% and 11-12% respectively and were significantly different (p≤ 0.05) among locations. The results show that baobab pulp has a good content of nutrients and functional properties which can be useful in food industries.

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Patrut, Adrian, Karl F. von Reden, Robert Van Pelt, Diana H. Mayne, Daniel A. Lowy, and Dragos Margineanu. "Age determination of large live trees with inner cavities: radiocarbon dating of Platland tree, a giant African baobab." Annals of Forest Science 68, no. 5 (July 1, 2011): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0107-x.

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Murray, Joseph J. "The Baobab: Translanguaging in a multimodal sign language translation project." Applied Linguistics Review 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2017-0085.

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AbstractThis article offers a case study of language ideologies and languaging in the translation of a bilingual bimodal iPad storybook app,The Baobab Tree, from American Sign Language and written English to Norwegian Sign Language and written Norwegian. Heeding Canagarajah’s (2011, Translanguaging in the classroom: Emerging issues for research and pedagogy.Applied Linguistics Review2. 1–28) call for studies which look beyond the product to the processes involved by people navigating linguistic and semiotic diverse environments, this article looks at choices made by project team members in a language locality (Pennycook 2010,Language as a local practice. London: Routledge.) shaped by multiple language ideologies. During the process of translation the project team adopted a flexible-multiple model of pluriliteracy (Garcia 2009,Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Wiley-Blackwell) at odds with their initially more rigid preconceptions of languages as bounded entities. The concept of semiotic assemblages (Pennycook 2017, Translanguaging and semiotic assemblages.International Journal of Multilingualism14(3). 269–282) is helpful in showing how languaging choices are influenced by language ideologies, sociocultural values, and the history of language practices among project team members in a particular language locality.

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John Olarenwaju Babalola, David Ademola Adesina, Opeyemi Olaitan Alabi, Mutiat Rofiat Adepoju, Yemisi Olaitan Bamisaiye, and Benjamin Rogba Awotunde. "Effect of processing method on proximate, minerals, phytochemcals and anti-nutrients present in Baobab seeds (Adansonia digitata)." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 6, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.6.3.0007.

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Baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a deciduous tree with many useful plants. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of processing methods on proximate, mineral composition, phytochemical and anti-nutrient of control, boiled, roasted and fermented samples of baobab seeds. The result showed that the protein content of the seeds of different process ranged from (32.87%) roasted to (32.13%) control sample. The fat content ranges from (30.97%) roasted to (29.77%) boiled seeds. The ash content ranges from (0.60%) boiled to (0.57%) fermented. The moisture content ranges from (9.03%) boiled to (8.53%) control sample. The carbohydrate content ranges from (29.93%) boiled to (26.73%) roasted seeds respectively. While the mineral composition of the seeds measure in (mg/100g) ranges from: Ca (188.33) fermented to (173.33) boiled, Fe ranges from (12.87) fermented to (11.73) boiled, Na ranges from (446.67) fermented to (416.67) boiled, Mg ranges from (55.00) fermented to (46.67) boiled, K ranges from (43.33) fermented to (33.33) boiled, Cu ranges from (0.83) fermented to (0.60) boiled seeds respectively. While the phytochemicals and antinutrient factors of the seeds measured in (mg/100g) ranges from: Alkaloids ranges from (30.00) control sample to (20.00) fermented, Flavonoids ranges from (61.67) fermented to (48.33) boiled, Steroids ranges from (20.00) fermented to (15.00) control sample, Tannins ranges from (140.00) roasted to (128.33) boiled , Saponins ranges from (45.00) control sample to (33.33) fermented, Protease Inhibitors ranges from (0.83) control sample to (0.40) fermented seeds respectively. The baobab seeds are a very proteinous with high mineral composition. Therefore, these seeds can be useful in the preparation of diets for people with low-level of mineral elements and also as dietary supplement in weaning food to improve quality of diets of infants and children.

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Gebauer, Jens, Yahia O. Adam, Aida Cuní Sanchez, Dietrich Darr, Muneer E. S. Eltahir, Kamal E. M. Fadl, Gabriele Fernsebner, et al. "Africa’s wooden elephant: the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) in Sudan and Kenya: a review." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 63, no. 3 (January 13, 2016): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-015-0360-1.

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Gray, S. "Some notes on further readings of Wilma Stockenström’s slave narrative, The Expedition to the Baobab Tree." Literator 12, no. 1 (May 6, 1991): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v12i1.745.

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This article considers some aspects of Wilma Stockenström’s novella of 1981, Die Kremetartekspedisie, in its English translation by J.M. Coetzee of 1983, The Expedition to the Baobab Tree. After isolating the formal aspects which are characteristic of the structure of the work, as explained by the author in the text, it reviews and identifies a general reluctance in the responses to date to engage with the text in terms it sets for itself. Arising out of this deadlock situation, the article suggests some approaches which could more appropriately be applied in further readings of the work. These are with regard to the author’s use of: (a) received South African history and (b) narrative mode, both of which contribute to the beginnings of the formation of a new, particularly female, consciousness and scope in South African fiction.

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Patrut, Adrian, Roxana Teodora Patrut, Jean-Michel Leong Pock-Tsy, Pascal Danthu, Stephan Woodborne, Laszlo Rakosy, and Ileana Andreea Ratiu. "Investigation of the Architecture and Age of Superlative Adansonia grandidieri from the Andombiry Forest, Madagascar." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091258.

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Over the past years, our research on baobabs mainly focused on the largest Malagasy species, namely the Reniala or Grandidier baobab (Adansonia grandidieri Baill.). The biggest A. grandidieri are located in the Morombe area, especially in the so-called Andombiry Forest. This giant forest of Reniala hosts well over 6000 mature individuals, out of which more than 30 have very large sizes, i.e., circumferences over 20 m. We investigated, measured and dated by AMS radiocarbon the largest specimens. We found that all large Grandidier baobabs are multi-stemmed. They mostly exhibit a closed ring-shaped structure, with a false cavity inside. In this architecture, which enables Grandidier baobabs to reach very large sizes, the stems that build the ring typically have similar ages. Here we present the AMS radiocarbon investigation of two large baobabs, A 215 (girth 21.50 m) and A 257 (girth 25.70 m). According to dating results, the baobab A 215 has an age of only 375 years. It consists of four fused stems and has a closed ring-shaped structure. The baobab A 257 has the second largest trunk of all known live Reniala trees. It also exhibits a closed ring-shaped structure, with five fused stems around a false cavity, which has an opening toward the exterior. The dating results indicate that A 257 is around 900 years old.

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Patrut, Adrian, Roxana T. Patrut, Robert Van Pelt, Daniel A. Lowy, Edit Forizs, Jenö Bodis, Dragos Margineanu, and Karl F. Von Reden. "Radiocarbon Dating of a Very Large African Baobab from Limpopo, South Africa: Investigation of the Sagole Big Tree." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia 62, no. 2 (June 16, 2017): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2017.2.28.

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Sidonie Clarisse, HEDIBLE. "BAOBAB (ADANSONIA DIGITATA), BAND CULTURAL TREE: REMEDYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH PROBLEM (DEPARTMENT OF DONGA, BENIN, WEST AFRICA)." International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Bioresearch 04, no. 04 (2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2019.4408.

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Mazrui, Ali A. "Africa Between the Baobab Tree and the Owl of Minerva: A Post-Colonial Narrative of Memory and Learning." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 1-2 (2013): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341255.

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Abstract We argue in this article that the African continent has so far achieved less than it might have done because of three phases of technological constraint: a phase of Ecological Impediment, a phase of imperial impediment, and a phase of attitudinal impediment. Just as formal education (both colonial and post-colonial) has played a role in this process, it can be part of the solution, starting with educational policies seeking to overcome technological amnesia. Indeed, Africa needs to recover those aspects of its creativity (in medicine, technologies, etc.) which had flourished before, but were destroyed by the colonial regimes. The solution to the impediments includes also reconsidering the interrupted symphony of the Federal University of East Africa and mobilizing pan Africanism in pursuit of greater intellectual and academic cooperation.

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Gadour, Mohammed O., Hiba B. Khidir, Ishag Adam, and Gasim I. Gasim. "Effects of a powder of the fruit of Adansonia digitata (Tabaldia, Gongolase, or baobab tree) on serum lipids." Journal of Herbal Medicine 8 (June 2017): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.03.004.

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Wolfensberger-Le Fevre, Celeste, Elzette Fritz, and Gert van der Westhuizen. "The community of learning is in the Baobab tree — how the branches stay together in the context of professional preparation." South African Journal of Education 31, no. 4 (November 23, 2011): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v31n4a502.

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Assogbadjo, Achille Ephrem, Flora Josiane Chadare, Romain Glele Kakaï, Belarmain Fandohan, and Joseph Jojo Baidu-Forson. "Variation in biochemical composition of baobab (Adansonia digitata) pulp, leaves and seeds in relation to soil types and tree provenances." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 157 (August 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.021.

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François, Abel. "Testing the ‘Baobab Tree’ Hypothesis: The Cumul des Mandats as a Way of Obtaining More Political Resources and Limiting Electoral Competition." French Politics 4, no. 3 (December 2006): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200107.

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Fenton, M. Brock, and I. L. Rautenbach. "A comparison of the roosting and foraging behaviour of three species of African insectivorous bats (Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2860–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-412.

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We used radio tracking to study the roosting and foraging behaviour of Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Scotophilus borbonicus (=S. viridis and S. leucogaster), and Tadarida midas in the Pafuri Region of Kruger National Park, South Africa in November 1985. Although the species roosted in different locations (S. borbonicus in hollow mopane trees, R. hildebrandti in a hollow baobab tree, and T. midas in buildings), roost temperatures and the bats' body temperatures were generally similar. The S. borbonicus and T. midas flew continuously while foraging in pursuit of flying prey; the R. hildebrandti switched between continuous flight, and hunting from a perch also in pursuit of flying prey. All three species foraged for about 60 min nightly, but the T. midas ventured at least 10 km from their roosts, while for S. borbonicus and R. hildebrandti, comparable figures were 4 and 2 km, respectively. The three species showed a spectrum of wing morphology and echolocation call design features from clutter resistant (R. hildebrandti) to relatively clutter resistant (S. borbonicus) and clutter intolerant (T. midas) and the foraging areas used by the bats corresponded to these features. Rhinolophus hildebrandti foraged below the canopy in riverine forest and deciduous woodland, while S. borbonicus foraged around the canopy but not closer than 0.5 m to it, while T. midas foraged in the open well above the canopy. These differences are discussed along with variations in foraging behaviour in insectivorous bats.

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ADEYOLANU, Opeoluwa, Olajide SOGUNLE, Olajide ADEYEMI, and John ABIONA. "Dosage Effects of Aqueous Extract of Baobab Tree (Adansonia digitata Linn) Bark on Growth Performance, Blood Profile, Intestinal Morphology and Microflora of Cockerel Chickens." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 78, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2020.0046.

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This experiment investigated the dosage effects of the aqueous extract of Baobab Tree Bark (AEBTB) on growth performance, blood profile and intestinal micro-flora of cockerel chickens for 16 weeks. A total of 200 Isa brown day-old cockerel chicks were used in groups of AEBTB (0, 300, 325, 350 and 375 mg/ litre of water) for the experiment. Qualitative and quantitative (mg/100 g) phytochemical screening revealed that AEBTB contained flavonoid (36.33 mg), cardiac glycoside (31.46 mg), saponin (23.26 mg), alkaloid (24.86 mg), tannin (19.28 mg) and phenolic (17.06 mg). The most common components in GS-MSwas 9-Octadecenoic acid (C19H36O2; 296.0 g/mol). At the chick phase, significantly (p<0.05) highest final weight (416.50 g/bird) and weight gain of 47.69 g/bird/day were recorded in birds on 375 mg/litre when compared with the control. Alkaline phosphatase, RBC, Hb, PCV and MCHC were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by AEBTB in the birds when compared with the control and the lowest total bacterial count was in birds on 375 mg/litre of AEBTB. However, at the grower phase, birds on 300 mg/litre AEBTB had the best (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio. The study concluded that AEBTB at 300 mg/litre improved health status and growth performance of meat-type chickens.

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Brink, A. "Woman and language in darkest Africa: The quest for articulation in two postcolonial novels." Literator 13, no. 1 (May 6, 1992): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v13i1.719.

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The paper focuses on issues raised by Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and on ways in which two recent novels, The Expedition to the Baobab Tree (Stockenstrdni) and The Whales in Lake Tanganyika (Hagerfors) employ the same model of the journey of exploration in order to break down phallo- and eurocentric concepts of language in an attempt to arrive at a new articulation of Africa. In Heart of Darkness Marlow crosses the limits of language in his confrontation with the Other (Kurtz, and Africa, both of which have a female dimension) and has to invent a ‘new’ language, post facto, to explain his discovery to the Woman who awaits him at the other end. In the Stockenstrdm text, the narrator and central personage is already female, but she is illiterate; and in order to articulate her body, in which her journey is subsumed, an implied narrator may have to narrate on her behalf, in a language which first has to liberate itself from the processes of bondage and appropriation to which the slave woman has been subjected all her life. In The Whales in Lake Tanganyika an interiext arises from the dialogue of this narrative with H.M. Stanley's historical journal; and this projects the diarist Shaw as the deconstructor of male and European dichotomies. Shedding conventional langitage, linearity and 'reality’, his diary becomes the translation of an inaccessible ‘new’ language which is the only way in which Spivak’s 'subaltern’ can attain speech to articulate the femininity implicit in Africa.

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Makimilua Tiimub, Benjamin, Richard Amankwah Kuffour, Richard Wonnsibe Tiimob, Cletus Ankrah Kuuyeni, Ernestina Laatman Tiimob, and Elisha Nyannube Tiimob. "Sacred groves as potential ecotourism sites at Tolon and Diare in Northern Region, Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship 1, no. 3 (December 3, 2020): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i3.244.

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Purpose: Relic plant communities commonly referred as “sacred groves” in Ghana and comparatively anywhere are ecologically, genetically important resources indigenously protected as “abodes of gods or ancestral habitats” through traditional or religious beliefs and taboos. This study mainly evaluated the potentials of sacred groves for development as tourist sites at Tolon and Diare in the Northern Region of Ghana. Research methodology: Data was collected using semi structured interview questionnaire aided by vegetation survey, observational field walk through the Jaagbo and Tindangung Sacred Groves to screen natural features of the destinations and determine its potential for ecotourism. Findings: Potential areas for visitor amateurism such as the wonderful baobab tree, crocodile pond, misty stone bird sanctuary, were identified in both groves. About 220 different species of plants were identified in the entire groves. The study further discovered that with effective management measures in place, the ecotourism potentials of these sacred groves will optimize if developed to attract visitors and generate income for sustainable socio-economic development of the adjoining communities in northern Ghana. Limitations: Although the target population was above 200 people, relatively small sample size (≤ 36%), could be chosen since the opinion leaders considered the groves as sacred and were less prepared to divulge information about them. Islam and Christianity rather counteracted certain beliefs of the traditional people who adopted local measures to enhance sustainability of these sites for ecotourism functions. Contribution: The study advocates the adoption of bylaws to promote sustainable management of the sacred groves for sustainable benefits. Keywords: Jaagbo, Tindangung, Sacred grove, Crocodile pond, Bird sanctuary, Traditional bylaws, Land use plan

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HORA FILHO, Edmilton Amaro da, and Irene Késsia das Mercês NASCIMENTO. "Processos Pedagógicos Escolares e Afrocentricidade: um Estudo de Caso." INTERRITÓRIOS 6, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.33052/inter.v6i12.248994.

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RESUMOA presente investigação tem como foco verificar os processos pedagógicos escolares como fortalecimento da afrocentricidade no combate ao racismo no ambiente escolar. Considerando histórias de racismo discriminação e preconceitos no ambiente escolar. Tendo como base as orientações propostas pela lei 10.639/03 e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação das Relações Étnico Raciais de 2004. O objetivo Geral dessa pesquisa está em investigar o Projeto “O Baobá, Árvore que Representa as Raízes da Cultura Africana” realizado na a Escola Municipal Albenice Maria da Silva, Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE. O projeto compôs o Fórum Escolar de Consciência Negra, que foi realizado na instituição de ensino no ano de 2019. Para fundamentação teórica nos aproximamos os estudos da teoria da afrocentricidade. Como metodologia a análise do conteúdo dos objetivos do projeto entendendo que estes puderam nos mostrar processos pedagógicos que se voltavam e/ou se afastavam de uma perspectiva de educação afrocentrada. Nesse estudo de caso identificamos os esforços para a sensibilização de estudantes acerca dos valores humanos e de processos pedagógicos que ultrapassem as fronteiras do racismo, da discriminação e da violência dentro e fora dos muros da escola.Afrocentricidade. Processos Pedagógicos. Baobá. ABSTRACTThe present investigation focuses on verifying school pedagogical processes such as strengthening Afrocentricity in the fight against racism in the school environment. Considering stories of racism, discrimination and prejudice in the school environment. Based on the guidelines proposed by law 10.639 / 03 and the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Education of Ethnic Racial Relations of 2004. The general objective of this research is to investigate the Project “O BAOBÁ, TREE THAT REPRESENTS THE ROOTS OF AFRICAN CULTURE” held at the Municipal School Albenice Maria da Silva, Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE. The project was part of the SCHOOL FORUM OF COSNCIÊNCIA NEGRA, which was held at the educational institution in 2019. For theoretical foundation we approached the studies of the theory of Afrocentricity. As a methodology, the analysis of the content of the project's objectives, understanding that they could show us pedagogical processes that turned and / or moved away from an Afro-centered education perspective. In this case study, we identified efforts to raise students' awareness of human values and pedagogical processes that go beyond the boundaries of racism, discrimination and violence inside and outside the school walls.Afrocentricity. Pedagogical Processes. Baobab. RESUMENLa presente investigación tiene el objetivo de verificar los procesos pedagógicos escolares como fortalecimiento de la afrocentricidad en la lucha contra el racismo en el ámbito escolar. Considerando historias de racismo, discriminación y prejuicios en el entorno escolar. Con base en los lineamientos propuestos por la ley 10.639 / 03 y las “Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação das Relações Étnico Raciais” de 2004. El objetivo general de esta investigación es investigar el Proyecto “O BAOBÁ, ÁRVORE QUE REPRESENTA AS RAÍZES DA CULTURA AFRICANA” realizado en la Escuela Municipal Albenice Maria da Silva, Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE. El proyecto formó parte del “FÓRUM ESCOLAR DE CONSCIÊNCIA NEGRA”, que se realizó en la institución educativa en el año 2019. Para fundamentación teórica nos acercamos a los estudios de la teoría de la afrocentricidad. Como metodología, el análisis del contenido de los objetivos del proyecto, entendiendo que pudieron mostrarnos procesos pedagógicos que se acercaban y/o se alejaban de una perspectiva de educación afrocentrada. En este estudio de caso, identificamos esfuerzos para sensibilizar a los estudiantes sobre los valores humanos y los procesos pedagógicos que van más allá de los límites del racismo, la discriminación y la violencia dentro y fuera de las paredes de la escuela.Afrocentricidad. Procesos pedagógicos. Baobá. SOMMARIOLa presente ricerca ha l'obiettivo di verificare i processi pedagogici scolastici come rafforzamento dell'Afrocentricità nella lotta al razzismo in ambito scolastico. Considerando storie di razzismo, discriminazione e pregiudizio nell'ambiente scolastico. Sulla base delle linee guida proposte dalla legge 10.639 / 03 e delle "National Curricular Guidelines for Education for Ethnic Relationships Raciais" del 2004. L'obiettivo generale di questa ricerca è indagare il Progetto "O BAOBÁ, ÁRVORE CHE RAPPRESENTA COME RAÍZES DA CULTURA AFRICANA ”Presso la scuola municipale di Albenice Maria da Silva, Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE. Il progetto faceva parte del “FORUM ESCOLAR DE CONSCIÊNCIA NEGRA”, che si è tenuto presso l'istituto scolastico nel 2019. Per giustificazione teorica ci avviciniamo agli studi della teoria dell'afrocentricità. Come metodologia, l'analisi del contenuto degli obiettivi del progetto, comprendendo che potevano mostrarci processi pedagogici che si stavano avvicinando e / o allontanandosi da una prospettiva educativa afro-centrata. In questo caso di studio, identifichiamo gli sforzi per sensibilizzare gli studenti ai valori umani e ai processi pedagogici che vanno oltre i confini del razzismo, della discriminazione e della violenza dentro e fuori le mura della scuola.Afrocentricità. Processi pedagogici. Baoba.

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Robertson, A. F. "The Baobab and the Mango Tree: Lessons About Development - African and Asian Contrasts. By Nicholas Thompson and Scott Thompson. London: Zed Books (2000). Reviewed by A. F. Robertson." Journal of Political Ecology 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2001): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v8i1.21609.

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Schumann, Katharina, Rüdiger Wittig, Adjima Thiombiano, Ute Becker, and Karen Hahn. "Impact of land-use type and bark- and leaf-harvesting on population structure and fruit production of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) in a semi-arid savanna, West Africa." Forest Ecology and Management 260, no. 11 (November 2010): 2035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Baobab tree'

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