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Hellekson, Lyndsay. "High Biodiversity in Association with the Common Baobab Tree." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556547.
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Komane, BM, I. Vermaak, GPP Kamatoua, AM Viljoen, and B. Summers. "Beauty in Baobab: a pilot study of the safety and efficacy of Adansoniadigitata seed oil." Elsevier, 2016. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1002004.
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Recently there has been a renewed impetus in the search for novel ingredients to be used in the cosmeticindustry and Baobab (Adansonia digitata L., Malvaceae) seed oil has received high interest. In this study,a commercial Baobab seed oil sample was characterised (fatty acid content) using GCxGC-ToF-MS and apilot study on the safety and efficacy of the seed oil was performed. The safety and efficacy of Baobab seedoil after topical application was determined using healthy adult female caucasian participants (n = 20).A 2× magnifying lamp was used for visual analysis, while for monitoring and evaluation of the irritancylevel, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration level of the skin, Chromameter®, Aquaflux®andCorneometer®instruments, respectively, were used. In addition, Aquaflux®and Corneometer®instru-ments were used to assess occlusive effects. Thirteen methyl esters were identified using GCxGC-ToF-MS.The major fatty acids included 36.0% linoleic acid, 25.1% oleic acid and 28.8% palmitic acid with 10.1%constituting trace fatty acids. The irritancy of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in the patch test differedsignificantly compared to both de-ionised water (p < 0.001) and Baobab seed oil (p < 0.001) but the dif-ference between the irritancy of Baobab seed oil and de-ionised water was not significant (p = 0.850).The moisture efficacy test indicated a reduced TEWL (p = 0.048) and an improved capacitance moistureretention (p < 0.001) for all the test products (Baobab oil, liquid paraffin, Vaseline®intensive care lotionand Vaseline®). The occlusivity wipe-off test indicated an increased moisture hydration (p < 0.001) anddecreased TEWL particularly when Baobab oil was applied. Baobab possesses hydrating, moisturising andocclusive properties when topically applied to the skin. Baobab seed oil could be a valuable functionalingredient for cosmeceutical applications.
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Kelly, Henry Lyle Patrick. "The effect of elephant utilisation on the Sterculia rogersii and Adansonia digitata populations of the Kruger National Park." Connect to this title online, 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04032006-101546/.
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Andersson, Sebastian. "En undersökning av baobabfruktens teknologiska och sensoriska egenskaper vid såstillverkning." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21218.
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Undersökningens målsättning var att utveckla en sås baserad på torkat baobabfruktkött. Baobab är ett träd som främst växer i Afrika och både fruktköttet, kärnorna, bladen och barken kan användas som livsmedel eller örtmedicin. Frukten har ett högt näringsinnehåll av både makronutrienter och mikronutrienter. Torkat fruktkött utvunnit från baobabfrukten användes för att skapa en stabil emulsion som smaksattes för att passa som sås till en vegansk havre/algburgare. För att undersöka vilka smaksättningar som konsumenterna gillar utfördes ett gillandetest i en matbutik. Dessutom användes en semi-tränad panel för att utföra ett beskrivande test med havre/algburgare och baobabsås. Havre/algburgarens smakprofil hade utvecklats från tidigare projekt av Aventure AB. Det beskrivande testet undersökte hur baobabsåsens smak, pH-värde och viskositet påverkar havre/algburgarens smakprofil. Undersökningarna visar att konsumenterna föredrar en sås baserad på en emulsion med lägre viskositet och att de inte gillade en neutral baobabsås. Konsumentundersökningen visade även att när baobabsåsen sväljs resulterar det i en sämre munkänslan som kan bero på de olösliga partiklarna i baobabfruktköttet. De olika smaksättningarna av emulsionerna påverkade havre/algburgarens sensoriska profil olika, den sudanska smaksättningen maskerade smaken och doften av alg medan den neutrala emulsionen ökar intensiteten av brända doften och den brända smaken i havre/algburgaren.The study will provide a sauce based on dehydrated baobabpulp. Baobab is a tree mostly grown in Africa of which the pulp, kernels, leaves and bark can be used for food applications or as herbal medication. The fruit has a high nutritional value of both macronutrients and micronutrients. During the study, dried pulp extracted from the baobab fruit was used as an emulsifier and flavoring of a sauce adapted for a vegan oats/kelpburger. In order to investigate which flavor the consumers prefer and to determine the taste of the end product, an acceptance test is carried out in a grocery store. A semi-trained panel was used to perform a descriptive test with oats/kelpburger and baobab emulsion. The sensory profile of the oat/kelpburger were developed from a previous project av Aventure AB. The descriptive test examined how the baobabsauce taste, pH and viscosity of affect the sensory profile of oats/kelpburger. The studies show that consumers prefer a sauce based on an emulsion with a lower viscosity and do not like a neutral baobabsauce. Upon swallowing, the level of liking of texture decreases and this may be due to insoluble particles in the baobabpulp. The different flavorings of the emulsions affected the oat/kelpburger's sensory profile differently, the Sudanese emulsion masked the taste and aroma of kelp while the neutral emulsion increased the intensity of the burnt taste and aroma of the oat/kelpburger.
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Cissé, Ibrahima. "Caractérisation des propriétés biochimiques et nutritionnelles de la pulpe de baobab des espèces endémiques de Madagascar et d'Afrique continentale en vue de leur valorisation." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0009.
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Le baobab est un arbre qui pousse à l'état sauvage en Afrique et ailleurs dans le monde où le fruit est consommé sous différentes formes. Si l'écologie et la botanique de la plante ont été bien étudiées, il y a peu d'information disponible sur la composition biochimique d'une manière générale et même inexistante chez les espèces malgaches en particulier. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le contexte du développement et de la valorisation des produits locaux en Afrique. Elle a pour objectif principal de mieux caractériser la pulpe des fruits de baobabs issus d'échantillons de diverses provenances de Madagascar et d'Afrique. A cette fin, elle s'est attachée dans un premier temps à caractériser et à quantifier les principaux éléments nutritifs comme les glucides, les acides aminés, les lipides, les polyphénols, la vitamine C, les acides organiques, les éléments minéraux et les arômes. La caractérisation biochimique de la pulpe a révélé une forte acidité titrable (102 meq/100g) et une teneur élevée en acide ascorbique (jusqu'à 312 mg/100g) et en polyphénols de (60,24 à 137,81mg/100g et de 329 à 1705,98 mg/100g) ainsi qu'un potentiel antioxydant très fort et une bonne source de Ca 658 mg/100g.Une évaluation du potentiel de ce fruit pour une valorisation à plus grande échelle à travers une amélioration des procédés de transformation existant en Afrique a été réalisée. L'identification d'une approche de stabilisation et de conservation du nectar par voie conventionnelle (pasteurisation) a été réalisée. Nos résultats ont montré que le nectar est aussi nutritif que les fruits usuels et que sa stabilisation peut se faire par une pasteurisation en utilisant le barème 70°C/10 min. L'analyse sensorielle du nectar après chaque étape de traitement ou de conservation (42 j) n'a pas montré de modification organoleptique du produit quelque soit la température de stockage Deux approches empiriques classiques (modèles d'Arrhenius et de Ball) ont été utilisés pour décrire la cinétique de dégradation thermique de la vitamine C du nectar.Enfin, une étude de faisabilité de l'utilisation de la spectrométrie proche infrarouge pour la caractérisation des origines et pour la détermination des teneurs en constituants biochimiques a été réalisée. Ce travail a permis de montrer qu'il était possible de doser la matière sèche, les protéines, le fructose et le potassium.Une séparation des espèces basée sur l'analyse des spectres semble aussi pouvoir être réalisée via leur appartenance aux sections (brevetubae, longitubae)Baobab tree is growing wild in Africa and elsewhere in the world. Fruits are consuming in different ways. Plant ecology and botanic are well detailed, but generally few information is available on biochemical composition and even nothing about Malachi species. This study takes place in the development and valorization of African local fruits program. The main objective is to characterize baobab fruit pulp samples coming from both Madagascar and Africa. First, the main nutriments were characterized and quantified, such as, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, vitamin C, organic acids, minerals and aroma compounds. Biochemical characterization of the pulp showed high level of total acidity (102 meq/100g), ascorbic acid (till 312 mg/100g), polyphenols (from 60.24 to 137.81mg/100g) and anti oxidant potential.To valorize the fruit at larger scale, evaluation of its potential was realized trough improvements of existing processing techniques in Africa. A conventional approach (pasteurization) was realized to stabilize and store nectar. Data show nectar is as nutritive than fresh fruit with pasteurization schedule at 70°C/10min. Sensory analysis of nectar after each step of process doesn't show organoleptic difference relative to storage temperature. Two classical empirical approaches (Arrhenius and Ball models) were used to describe kinetic of thermal degradation of C vitamin of nectar.At least, Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) was tested, to determine geographical origins and levels of biochemical compounds. Dry matter, proteins, fructose and potassium were quantified. Species segregation with NIRS seems possible by means of belonging to brevetubae and longitubae sections
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Bendou, Hocine. "Baobab LIMS: An open source biobank laboratory information management system for resource-limited settings." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6773.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDA laboratory information management system (LIMS) is central to the informatics infrastructure that underlies biobanking activities. To date, a wide range of commercial and open source LIMS are available. The decision to opt for one LIMS over another is often influenced by the needs of the biobank clients and researchers, as well as available financial resources. However, to find a LIMS that incorporates all possible requirements of a biobank may often be a complicated endeavour. The need to implement biobank standard operation procedures as well as stimulate the use of standards for biobank data representation motivated the development of Baobab LIMS, an open source LIMS for Biobanking. Baobab LIMS comprises modules for biospecimen kit assembly, shipping of biospecimen kits, storage management, analysis requests, reporting, and invoicing. Baobab LIMS is based on the Plone web-content management framework, a server-client-based system, whereby the end user is able to access the system securely through the internet on a standard web browser, thereby eliminating the need for standalone installations on all machines. The Baobab LIMS components were tested and evaluated in three human biobanks. The testing of the LIMS modules aided in the mapping of the biobanks requirements to the LIMS functionalities, and furthermore, it helped to reveal new user suggestions, such as the enhancement of the online documentation. The user suggestions are demonstrated to be important for both LIMS strengthen and biobank sustainability. Ultimately, the practical LIMS evaluations showed the ability of Boabab LIMS to be used in the management of human biobanks operations of relatively different biobanking workflows.
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Mathaba, Matsheremane Godfry. "Ethnobotanical study of the cultural value and preservation status of adansonia digitata (baobab species) among Vhavenda of Sagole Community in the LImpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2398.
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Thesis (M. A. (Anthropology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata), with more than 300 cultural and ethnobotanical uses in Africa has been identified as one of the most important savanna trees to be conserved, domesticated and valorised on the continent. A decline in baobab populations due to overexploitation could have a significant negative effect on African livelihoods. Therefore, it is important to determine potential strategies for the conservation of this tree species. The study aimed to explore the cultural significance and ethnobotanical use, as well as conservation of baobab trees by the Sagole community in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Furthermore, the conservation efforts of this community and the provincial government were also elucidated. In the Sagole community 40 local community members, aged 20 years and older, were selected via convenience sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to collect information on the cultural significance of baobab trees to members of this community. Research questions focussed specifically on identifying folk taxonomy, the transfer of species-specific information to younger generations, and cultural taboos pertaining to the baobab. It has been discovered that young people of Sagole are not well versed in the cultural value pertaining to baobabs. Furthermore, members of the community and the village head (chief) have limited knowledge related to taboos associated with this species. Thus, when individuals transgressed a taboo related to this tree species there is no formal punishment. Sagole community members use baobab trees for various purposes such as food and medicine. The species is used medically to cure various ailments. Most inhabitants in the community harvest this tree. The most common plant parts harvested for cultural use are the fruits, bark, roots and leaves. However, community members have limited knowledge about the taboos related to harvesting of this majestic tree.
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Tembo, David Tryson. "Optimisation of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit processing and handling techniques for increased human nutrition and commercialisation in Malawi." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16032/.
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The influence of thermal processing and preservation techniques on selected bioactive compounds of baobab fruit pulp and juice from Malawi were analysed using RP-HPLC whereas total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were measured by spectrophotometry. 1H NMR-based metabolomics was used to compare the metabolic profile of untreated (UT), high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurised and high temperature short time pasteurised with added citric acid (CAHTST) baobab juice samples and to analyse the temporal changes upon different storage conditions. Malawi baobab pulp contains high levels of procyanidin B2 (533.3 ± 22.6 mg/100 g FW), vitamin C (465.8 ± 2.5 mg/100 g FW), gallic acid (68.5 ± 12.4 mg/100 g FW) and (-)-epicatechin (43.0 ± 3.0 mg/100 g FW) and showed high TPC and antioxidant activity. Vitamin C content of dry baobab pulp and 10% juice (w/v) was retained during heat treatment by microwaving and pasteurisation (72 °C, 15 s) respectively. However vitamin C level in pasteurised juice significantly decreased during storage compared to untreated control, suggesting the demand for advanced processing methods including non-thermal pasteurisation. Seed liquor enhanced phenolic compounds in the juice but its influence on vitamin C needs further investigation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 1H NMR data produced distinct clusters separated according to treatment and storage conditions. For HTST and CAHTST juice samples, the most important accumulating metabolites were fructose, glucose and galacturonic acid, while sucrose decreased over time. The more rapid production of ethanol in UT juice is a clear indication that pasteurisation of juice alone or in combination with the addition of citric acid can minimise fermentation in baobab juice. Results from this study will enhance understanding of composition of baobab fruit products and promote development of quality novel functional foods to tackle malnutrition as well as expand market opportunities for Malawi.
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Sanchez, Aida Cuni. "Predicting suitable areas for cultivation and conservation of the baobab tree and investigating superior sources of planting material." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/196555/.
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The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.), with more than 300 uses and commercial value in EU and US, has been identified as one of the most important edible savannah trees to be conserved, domesticated and valorised in Africa. A decline in baobab populations due to overexploitation and/or changes in climate could have a significant negative effect on African livelihoods. Therefore, it is important to determine potential strategies for conservation and cultivation. The present and potential future distributions of the baobab tree were studied using Maxent niche modelling framework. And, in order to contribute to the selection of superior materials for cultivation, fruit morphology was studied in situ (in Malawi and Mali) while leaf and seedling morphology were studied in situ (in Benin and Malawi) and in a greenhouse experiment. Maxent modelling suggests that predicted changes in climate will have a negative effect on baobab tree distribution in Africa: only a percentage of the present distribution was predicted to be suitable in the future. Some countries were found not to have any suitable habitats for the baobab tree in the future. Several conservation strategies are recommended, such as in situ conservation in Protected Areas; ex situ conservation in Seed Banks and conservation through ‘sustainable utilisation’. Modelling results also showed that the baobab tree could be widely cultivated in most countries in south-eastern Africa and in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa. India, north-west Australia, Madagascar, north-east Brazil and Mexico could be other suitable places for cultivating the baobab tree outside Africa. Although results from modelling should be validated with in situ seedling experiments, there seems to be potential for the wide cultivation of this species. Significant differences in leaf, fruit and seedling morphology were observed between Benin, Mali and Malawi and also within each country. While some characteristics were correlated with environmental differences between study sites, others might be genetically determined. It seems that genetic and physiological effects play a role in baobab fruit, leaf and seedling morphology. Thus, there is room for selecting high quality baobab planting materials
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Kozanayi, Witness. "Influences of customary and statutory governance on sustainable use and livelihoods: The case of baobab, Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29490.
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Scholars have engaged actively with the link between customary practices and ecological conservation in Africa as part of a broader debate on governance approaches for natural resource management. To a large extent, this is in response to a growing voice articulating the need to integrate traditional institutions and customary practices into a more contemporary form of governance for Africa’s democratic and socio-economic transformation. To date, however, the integration of customary and statutory approaches to governance has yielded only modest progress in the forest sector and knowledge remains limited about the interface between these governance systems and the effect of this dualism on natural resource management. Using the lens of the baobab tree, this research set out to address these gaps and to elucidate understanding of the interplay between customary and statutory governance in managing natural resources; the influence of such interactions on ecological sustainability and livelihoods; and the contextual factors that shape such approaches. Uses of the baobab tree as well as factors affecting access were analysed. Two study sites were selected on the basis of similarities in resource endowment and contrasting use patterns and forms of governance. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Quantitative methods included an ecological survey to examine the relationship between different indicators of ecological sustainability and different tenure regimes. A household survey was also carried out to examine the extent to which households use and benefit from baobab products. Qualitative methods included focus group discussions, institutional mapping, ranking and scoring, and oral histories. The study engaged with debates around governance, bricolage, non-timber forest products, bifurcation, livelihoods and access. Findings show that the baobab tree is used in multiple ways by households, and has both consumptive values as well as intrinsic values which are typically overlooked in the discourse of natural resource governance. The study illustrates that the interest of traditional institutions in regulating baobab use and access has been informed by reasons relating to sustainable livelihoods, ecological sustainability and the need to maintain a delicate link between environmental sustainability, the spirits of the land and resource users. Local arrangements are robust, dynamic and are entrenched in the day to day lives of the resource users. These arrangements may not fit into existing technical toolkits or environmental blueprints, and policy from the top may not be connecting with reality on the ground. Although traditional authorities and customary practices have remained relevant for local people in the realm of resource governance, they are weakening in the face of commercial baobab use. Where statutory forms of governance are overlaid onto existing customary forms of governance without due regard for local practices, unintended consequences arise. A key finding is that history profoundly informs the way local people harvest and use resources due to the long trajectory of the interplay between customary and statutory forms of governance that spans back to the colonial era. The main conclusion from the study is that both customary and statutory systems of governance are important, but need to be used in a graduated manner. Statutory forms of governance can be introduced to assist customary practices on a demand-driven basis. Results emphasise the importance of considering seemingly peripheral forms of governance such as customary practices within the continuum of resource governance in rural areas.
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Kivoloka, Flávio Pedro. "Estudo para valorização da polpa do fruto da Adansonia digitata L." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9205.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe present study had as main goal the characterization of Adansonia digitata L .fruit, focusing on three specific aspects: physical and chemical description of the fruit pulp, extraction studies and development of drinks based on baobab pulp. The pulp characterization, showed low values for water activity and humidity, high content in essential minerals and a low pH. The pulp was also characterized regarding the total phenolic compounds, vitamin C and antioxidant activity. The results showed high values of total phenols in aqueous solutions, 512 and 603 mg EAG/100mg at room temperature and at 37ºC respectively, an antioxidant activity of 44,36umolTE/g at room temperature and 49,48umolTE/g to 37ºC, determined by the DPPH method and values of vitamin C of 73mg/100 at 37ºC and 125mg/100g at room temperature. In the extraction studies, the relation between solvent/solute was tested as well the influence of temperature during the extractions (room temperature and 37ºC). In this studies we were able to define the relation 3:1 (solvent/solute) and the temperature of 37ºC as the results with better yields. The last part of this work, was the developing of two drinks based on baobab and banana pulp. With this work we were able to conclude that, baobab pulp presents a good nutritional value and the lyophilization process didn’t changed the proprieties of the analyzed fruit
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Van, der Walt F. J. J. (Francois Johannes Jacobus). "Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native Acacia species in southern Africa with special reference to A. mellifera." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25474.
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Tree species belonging to the genus Acacia have a significant impact ecologically and economically in southern Africa. Together with the African baobab, these trees are recognized as icons of the African landscape. They are widely distributed in this area and extensively used by local communities as sources of energy, stock feed, medical remedies and building material. There is still a substantial lack of knowledge regarding the ecological association between these plants and other living organisms such as fungi. This is, however, not new to the African continent where fungi are generally poorly studied and collected, and it is envisaged that many new fungal species will be discovered as scientists focus their efforts more on this geographical niche. An example of the lack of knowledge on the fungal biodiversity in Africa is reflected in the limited reports of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae, described to date from Acacia spp.. A review on phytopathogens in South Africa by Crous et al. (2000) indicated no records of the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native Acacia spp. Despite the importance of many species within the Botryosphaeriaceae as pathogens, knowledge about the true diversity and taxonomy of species in this family is limited, especially where native plant communities are concerned. This dissertation attempts to contribute to knowledge on the associations between members of the Botryosphaeriaceae and indigenous Acacia trees in southern Africa, and the possible role they may play in diseases of these trees. Chapter 1 represents a literature review that focuses on fungi previously associated with Acacia spp. on the African continent. Information provided in this chapter refers to available reports on pathogens and saprophytes occurring on Acacia spp. that are both native and nonnative to Africa. Special reference is made to those occurring in southern Africa. Due to the concern of the introduction of new pathogens in areas where native and non-native plants are co-existing, emphises is also placed on the possibility of pathogen-host jumps between native and non-native Acacia spp. The potential threat they might pose to the future biosecurity of these important trees is discussed. Acacia mellifera, also known as the blackthorn, is one of the native African Acacia spp. that has been extensively studied. This tree is threatened by a serious die-back disease with symptoms similar to the die-back typically caused by members of the Botryosphaeriaceae. In an effort to understand the association of the Botryosphaeriaceae with native Acacia spp. in southern Africa, a study was undertaken to search for the presence of these fungi on especially A. mellifera in Namibia and the Pretoria area in South Africa. Other Acacia spp. were also sampled in cases where they were present in the same areas as A. mellifera. These results are presented in chapter 2. In a previous study, the fungal diversity of native trees and plant species in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa was studied. This resulted in the isolation of a number of fungi that resembled the morphological characteristics of the Botryosphaeriaceae. In chapter 3, these fungi were further identified to species level based on morphological and phylogenetic characteristics. In chapter 4 an attempt was made to compare the Botryosphaeriaceae that are associated with important native trees with those occurring on non-native trees. To accomplish this, a pilot study was done to investigate the presence of the Botryosphaeriaceae on A. mearnsii in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Results from chapters 2 and 3 on native Acacia spp. from Namibia and South Africa served as the bases of comparison for this chapter. Results of previous studies that investigated diseases of plantation grown A. mearnsii were also included for comparison. Lastly, a summary is included to review the results of this study and also the significance and impact these results made, not only on the taxonomy of the Botryosphaeriaceae, but also understanding the fungal biodiversity of indigenous tree species in southern Africa. To date, this is the most extensive study of the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native African Acacia spp. and it is also the first study that resulted in the describtion of so many new species in this group of fungi from a single host. Results from this study indicated that there is a significantly greater diversity in the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native Acacia spp. in southern Africa than was previously thought. This dissertation attempts to form the basis for future studies to finally understand the interactions between the Botryosphaeriaceae and their native hosts as well as their role and threat as pathogens to indigenous and economically important plants. CopyrightDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Man, Michel. "La folie, le mal de l'Afrique postcoloniale dans le Baobab fou et la folie et la mort de Ken Bugul." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4794.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gendron, Karine. "Mise en scène de soi et posture d'écrivaine dans Le baobab fou et Mes hommes à moi de Ken Bugul." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25178.
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Par une analyse sociopragmatique du premier roman de Ken Bugul, Le baobab fou (1982), et du dernier, Mes hommes à moi (2008), il s'agira de questionner les modalités de l'énonciation de soi en regard de ce qu'elles disent du jeu postural de l'écrivaine. Nous soutiendrons que l'énonciation de soi chez Ken Bugul passe par des procédés poétiques (jeux de figuration, mises en abyme, métatextualité, rêverie) qui accentuent la mise en scène de son identité de romancière. Ciblant d'abord la figuration d'un personnage biographé et d'une narratrice autobiographe (Le baobab fou), l'œuvre se centre ensuite sur la mise en scène des modalités du récit de soi et des identités narratives diversifiées qu'une posture romanesque permet d'adopter (Mes hommes à moi). Cette figuration délibérée de l'activité d'écriture dévoilée par le dernier roman découle d'une posture créatrice de plus en plus assumée, allant de pair avec une reconnaissance grandissante dans le champ littéraire.
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Andrianaivo-Rafehivola, Albane Adorée. "Effets biologiques des acides gras cyclopropéniques de l'huile et du tourteau de baobab sur la poule pondeuse, la souris et le rat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30088.
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Les acides gras cyclopropeniques (agce), acides malvalique et sterculique de l'huile et du tourteau de baobab ingeres par la poule pondeuse, la souris et le rat reduisent la consommation alimentaire et la croissance ponderale. Chez la poule pondeuse, la ponte est diminuee voire inhibee. Nous avons egalement observe un enrichissement en acides gras satures, palmitique (16:0) et stearique (18:0) au detriment des acides gras monoinsatures correspondants, palmitoleique (16:1n-7) et oleique (18:1n-9) dans les lipides du jaune d'uf et des divers tissus des poules, au niveau des organes des souris et au niveau des fractions microsomales hepatiques des rats. La teneur en cholesterol et en alpha oxyde de cholesterol des lipides du jaune d'uf est accrue. Les souris femelles accusent un taux de mortalite eleve a la mise bas. Une diminution de la taille et une heterogeneite des portees, une importante mortalite des souriceaux ont ete aussi enregistrees. La supplementation de la ration en lysine et methionine ne fait que retarder l'echeance de la mort des meres dont beaucoup succombent pendant l'allaitement. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence un retard de la maturite sexuelle des geniteurs de la 1ere generation des souris dont la souche parentale a ingere de l'huile de baobab. Chez le rat, nous avons mis en exergue une forte inhibition de la delta 9 desaturation au niveau des fractions microsomales hepatiques. Un accroissement du poids relatif du foie et une diminution du taux de proteines microsomales et de cytochrome p-450 ont ete aussi observes. Le chauffage de l'huile de baobab pendant 8 h a 180c et a 220c attenue les effets toxiques. Les activites des enzymes du metabolisme des xenobiotiques dont celles de la nadph, de la nadh cytochrome c reductases et de la glutathion s transferase sont ralenties, celles de l'ethoxyresorufine deethylase, ethoxycoumarine deethylase et pentoxyresorufine depentylase sont stimulees, celle de l'udp-glucuronyl transferase n'est pas modifiee
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Fillmore, Allison (Allison Lynn) Carleton University Dissertation English. ""In this kingdom of passing fiction": memory and imagination in David Malouf's An Imaginary Life and Wilma Stockenström's The Expedition to the Baobab Tree." Ottawa, 1991.
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Boodhoo-Leegsma, Aissa. "Place, Space & Power: From Under the Baobab Tree to a Fair Trade Co-operative-Women's Experiences in Shea Butter Production in Upper East Ghana." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34447.
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Shea butter production in West Africa has been dominated by women and Northern Ghana specifically is a leading global producer. This thesis explores women’s perceptions of power, control and agency in the Ojoba Women’s Fair Trade Co-operative in Upper East Ghana. I add to the literature on women’s experiences with and in fair trade. I examine how the shea industry and the co-operative provide a marketplace for women and a space for women to co-operate and resist power structures. I emphasize how the Western language of empowerment builds substantially from pre-existing women’s networks and labour sharing practices in the agricultural context. The thesis evaluates the factors within Ojoba that contribute to women’s empowerment. To be ‘empowered’ in Ojoba reflects a variety of understandings, experiences and locations. Indeed “women’s empowerment” may misrepresent how the women are capable of building a physical and social space of safety, debate and growth.
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Munthali, Chimuleke Rowland Yagontha. "Use, physiology and genetic characterisation of selected natural populations of Adansonia Digitata in Malawi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20237.
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Mayindza, Aude. "Afrique réelle et Afrique rêvée dans les romans francophones subsahariens contemporains : L'exemple de "Balbala" et "Aux Etats-Unis d'Afrique" d'Abdourahman Ali Waberi ; "Le Baobab fou" et "La Pièce d'or" de Ken Bugul." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0024.
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Notre étude qui reste résolument tournée vers les littératures francophones a pour titre : Afrique réelle et Afrique rêvée dans les romans francophones subsahariens contemporains. L’exemple de : "Balbala", "Aux Etats-Unis d’Afrique" de Waberi (A.A.) et "Le Baobab fou" et "La Pièce d’or" de Ken Bugul. Le tout de cette recherche consiste à observer le processus de reconfiguration de l’Afrique dans les œuvres susmentionnées. Il ne s’agit pas simplement d’analyser l’Afrique réelle, rêvée ou ambivalente. Il s’agit plus difficilement d’observer les procédés textuels par lesquels, le passage d’une Afrique réelle à une Afrique rêvée s’opère et, comment ce va et vient d’un univers à un autre débouche sur un troisième espace qui peut être perçu comme l’Afrique alternative dont aspire en réalité nos auteurs. De plus ces œuvres deviennent de véritables lieux d’une problématisation allant de la mise en évidence des travers de la société à la proposition des solutions préemptives sur le fonctionnement du continent. Pour mener cette étude nous avons utilisé une double méthodologie dont la poétique textuelle de Gérard Genette et la sémiotique interprétative revisitée par Louis Hébert. De ces analyses nous retenons que, dans ces œuvres les auteurs expriment une Afrique alternative. Ils la traduisent telle qu’elle est mais aussi telle qu’ils voudraient qu’elle soit. Mais cette vision du monde n’est-elle pas une simple utopie qui relève de l’ordre de l’inatteignable ?Our study which is focused on the French literature is titled: Real Africa and Africa dreamt in contemporary Sub-Saharan novels. The example of: “Balbala" and "Aux Etats-Unis d'Afrique" written by Waberi (A.A.); "Le Baobab fou" and "La Pièce d'or" written by Ken Bugul. The importance of this research consists in observing the process of Africa's reconfiguration in the works mentioned above. It is not only about analyzing the real, dreamt, or ambivalent Africa, it is about observing textual methods for which the passage from a real Africa to a dreamt Africa is possible and, how this back and forth of a universe that is lead in a third space can be perceived as alternative Africa that the authors of these texts aspire. Furthermore, these texts become the diagnostic tools of the failings of the society and equally help to provide preemptive solutions on the operation of the continent. To conduct this study, we used a double methodology such as the textual poetic of Gerard Genette and the interpretative semiotic revisited by Louis Hebert. At the end of ours analyses we keep in mind that in these texts the authors express an alternative Africa. They present it as she is, and also the way they would like it to be. But such vision of the world isn't it a simple utopia which falls under the unattainable ?
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Chebinou, Eimma. "Identité féminine et amour interculturel dans Shérazade : 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts de Leila Sebbar, Mon examen de blanc de Jacqueline Manicom et Le baobab fou de Ken Bugul." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5460.
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This Master's Thesis examines what happens when African and Caribbean characters in France or in their own country meet the Other in Francophone literature. How do interracial relationships construct/deconstruct the concept of an intertwined identity? This comparative project explores three 20th century Francophone women writers from Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and the West Indies in order to show how their novels construct or deconstruct the identities of migrated female characters through their interracial erotic and amorous relationships. Starting with Plato's Banquet which describes the origin of love as a splitting of identity and the quest of love as a quest to make that identity whole again, I problematize that notion through the intercultural encounters between the female main character and the white male in a postcolonial context. The study focuses on how the Other influences the female character and intervenes in the construction of the self, and looks at otherness as both an exterior force (the lover, the physical other) and an interior force (recognizing part of the self as other). It also explores how love and desire act as filters and motivators that influence the perception of the other and the self. My hypothesis is the following: the "ethnic woman" turns her foreigner status from a fragile one into one of strength and uses the Other for her integration into the Western society. Through otherness, she grasps a better understanding of the Other but also of herself. That encounter in all three novels pushes the ethnic female to return to her roots. Identities are not just hybrid but rather in a constant process of construction, a shift in self-construction in the globalized contemporary world. The female characters reflect the tendency to rethink not only what this new identity is but also the process of identity construction itself. By studying how women authors write on race and interracial relationships, this thesis offers a new understanding of the relation between love and identity and the female in Postcolonial Studies. Through her romantic relationships with the white male, the female has ultimately the power to decide for herself, which includes deciding to leave the relationship and leave for the sake of her newly found identity.
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Johnson, Eleanore. "Ill at ease in our translated world ecocriticism, language, and the natural environment in the fiction of Michael Ondaatje, Amitav Ghosh, David Malouf and Wilma Stockenström." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002277.
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This thesis explores the thematic desire to establish an ecological human bond with nature in four contemporary novels: The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje, The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh, An Imaginary Life by David Malouf, and The Expedition to The Baobab Tree by Wilma Stockenström. These authors share a concern with the influence that language has on human perception, and one of the most significant ways they attempt to connect with the natural world is through somehow escaping, or transcending, what they perceive to be the divisive tendencies of language. They all suggest that human perception is not steered entirely by a disembodied mind, which constructs reality through linguistic and cultural lenses, but is equally influenced by physical circumstances and embodied experiences. They explore the potential of corporeal reciprocity and empathy as that which enables understanding across cultural barriers, and a sense of ecologically intertwined kinship with nature. They all struggle to reconcile their awareness of the potential danger of relating to nature exclusively through language, with a desire to speak for the natural world in literature. I have examined whether they succeed in doing so, or whether they contradict their thematic suspicion of language with their literary medium. I have prioritised a close ecocritical reading of the novels and loosely situated the authors’ approach to nature and language within the broad theoretical frameworks of radical ecology, structuralism and poststructuralism. I suggest that these novels are best analysed in the context of an ecocritical mediation between poststructuralist conceptions of nature as inaccessible cultural construct, and the naïve conception of unmediated, pre-reflective interaction with the natural world. I draw especially on the phenomenological theories of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, whose insistence that perception is always both embodied and culturally mediated truly renders culture and nature irreducible, intertwined categories. By challenging historical dualisms like mind/body and culture/nature, the selected novels suggest a more fluid and discursive understanding of the perceived conflict between language and nature, whilst problematizing the perception of language as merely a cultural artefact. Moreover, they are examples of the kind of literature that has the potential to positively influence our human conception of nature, and adapt us better to our ecological context on a planet struggling for survival.
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Costa, Vanessa Lourenço Vaz. "Um Baobá de histórias." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5748.
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O seguinte trabalho visa apresentar um Baobá que pode contar história, a fim de valorizar tanto a tradição oral africana, como seus Griôs. Para isso foi feita a seleção de contos africanos, gravados em áudio, no intuito de serem colocados dentro de um Baobá artesanal, apresentado às crianças como uma árvore mágica.
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Machado, Sara Abreu da Mata. "Baobá na encruzilhada: ancestralidade, Capoeira Angola e permacultura." Faculdade de Educação, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/20061.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia – FAPESB
O presente trabalho considera a Capoeira Angola na encruzilhada entre natureza e cultura. A capoeira, fenômeno que tem suas origens prováveis no contexto rural, consolida-se, na atualidade, nos grandes centros urbanos e em comunidades internacionais, multiculturais. Nas últimas décadas, alguns mestres de capoeira estruturam suas vidas em áreas não urbanas, onde realizam trabalhos de capoeira junto a práticas como a permacultura, na busca por formas de vida mais sustentáveis e integradas à natureza. O projeto Kilombo Tenonde – um centro de capoeira angola e permacultura, coordenado pelo mestre Cobra Mansa e localizado no município Valença/BA –, identificado como um Espaço Multirreferencial de Aprendizagem, é o microcosmo da pesquisa, a partir do qual identificamos outras iniciativas com propostas semelhantes. Partimos, assim, da seguinte pergunta de investigação: quais são os elementos epistemológicos que podem ser identificados, a partir da Capoeira Angola, na sua intersecção com a permacultura? Esta pesquisa está situada no campo de estudos sobre a produção e difusão de conhecimentos, mais especificamente na relação entre Cultura e Conhecimento, com a proposta de acompanhar o movimento de ampliação dos desafios tomados pelos capoeiristas, unindo experiências, princípios éticos, práticas, saberes e fazeres mais ecológicos, solidários, humanos e integrados. Este é um campo de estudos em que a produção e difusão de conhecimentos é multirreferencial, pois integra saberes de comunidades diversas: de capoeiristas, de permacultores e acadêmicos (comunidades tradicionais, técnicas e epistêmicas). O percurso metodológico parte do meu lugar como pesquisadora e também capoeirista, angoleira, envolvida no campo de estudos. Tomo a própria Capoeira Angola como uma possível epistemologia, ancorada na ancestralidade, compreendendo a capoeira como filosofia de vida, uma forma de ver o mundo de modo complexo, dinâmico, corporal, artístico. Construímos, assim, a proposta metodológica da encruzilhada, na qual nos posicionamos de forma implicada na pesquisa, buscando relacionar de diversos ângulos algumas categorias interpretativas, tais como: Ancestralidade, Capoeira Angola, Cultura, Natureza, Corpo, Permacultura, Multirreferencialidade, Diversidade e Diferença e Interculturalidade. Apontamos, com isso, alguns princípios “permangoleiros” tais como: corpo-natureza sagrado, corpo-movimento de liberdade, a ginga como arte de (con)viver com as diversidades, corpo-território ancestral. Esses princípios indicam elementos epistemológicos de uma ancestralidade africano brasileira em um movimento inovador e transformador que acontece a partir da integração entre a capoeira e a permacultura.
ABSTRACT This work considers the Capoeira Angola at the crossroads of nature and culture. Capoeira, a phenomenon that has its probable origins in the rural context, consolidates, nowadays, in large urban centers and in international and multicultural communities. In recent decades, some capoeira teachers structure their lives in non-urban areas, where they perform capoeira work with practices such as permaculture, searching for more sustainable livelihoods and integrated with nature. The project Kilombo Tenonde – a Capoeira Angola and permaculture center, coordinated by master Cobra Mansa and located in the city Valença / BA –, identified as a Multi-referential Learning Place, is taken as the microcosm of the research, from which we identified other initiatives with similar proposals. We start, thus, with the following research question: what are the epistemological elements that can be identified from the Capoeira Angola at its intersection with permaculture? This research is situated in the studies field of the production and dissemination of knowledge, specifically the relationship between culture and knowledge, with the proposal to follow the movement of expansion of the challenges taken by the capoeira practitioners, uniting experiences, ethical principles, practices and knowledge in a more environmentally friendly, supportive, humanized and integrated way. This is a study area where the production and dissemination of knowledge is multi-referential, because it integrates knowledge from diverse communities: the capoeira practitioners, the permaculture practitioners and the academics (traditional, technical and epistemic communities). The methodological approach considers my role as a researcher and also Capoeira Angola practitioner, involved in the studies field. I take Capoeira Angola as a possible epistemology, rooted in ancestry, considering capoeira as a philosophy of life, a way of seeing the world in a complex, dynamic, body, artistic way. Therefore, we built the methodological proposal based on the idea of crossroads, in which we position ourselves in an implicate way in the research, seeking to relate in different angles some interpretive categories such as: Ancestry, Capoeira Angola, Culture, Nature, Body, Permaculture, Multi-referentiality, Diversity and Difference and Interculturalism. We aim, thereby, some “permangoleiros” principles, such as: sacred bodynature, body-movement of freedom, ginga as an art of living with diversity, body-ancestral territory, associated with categories such as integration, interconnection, myth, reversing movements and enchantment. These principles indicate epistemological elements of an African-Brazilian ancestry, in an innovated and transformative movement that happens from the integration between capoeira and permaculture.
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Klaschka, Siegfried. "Die Chinesische Reportageliteratur : Das genre baogao wenxue und seine politisch-gesellschaftlichen Bezüge /." Wiesbaden : O. Harrassowitz, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38911599r.
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Liang, Changqing. "Morphological transformation of urban districts : a case study of Da-baodao in Qingdao /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37425584.
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Liang, Changqing, and 梁長青. "Morphological transformation of urban districts: a case study of Da-baodao in Qingdao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38696241.
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Chang, Baobao [Verfasser], Gert [Gutachter] Heinrich, and Rene [Gutachter] Androsch. "Structural evolution of isotactic-polypropylene under mechanical load: a study by synchrotron X-ray scattering / Baobao Chang ; Gutachter: Gert Heinrich, Rene Androsch." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226813941/34.
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Compagno, Marta <1990>. "Dalla tradizionale carta ai moderni e-media: proposta di traduzione di due racconti di Anni Baobei." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6852.
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La tesi è incentrata sulla traduzione accompagnata da un commento critico-letterario di due racconti di Anni Baobei, scrittrice cinese contemporanea di grande successo sia online che offline. Il lavoro si articola in tre capitoli: nel primo capitolo vengono descritti la genesi e lo sviluppo della letteratura web, attualmente molto popolare tra le giovani generazioni cinesi, di cui Anni Baobei è una famosa esponente. Nel secondo capitolo viene presentata la traduzione dei brani “Huxi” e “Wuye feixing”, due storie scritte e pubblicate in rete da Anni Baobei, che seguono il suo stile cupo e freddo, nonché i canoni della letteratura web, adattandosi alla lettura rapida dei lettori online. “Huxi” narra di un amore online che però non ha un lieto fine, mentre “Wuye feixing” è la storia tetra e ambigua di giovane coinvolto in un omicidio. Il terzo capitolo comprende il commento traduttologico, con l’analisi dettagliata dei fattori che hanno influenzato la traduzione, i problemi incontrati e le strategie messe in atto per risolverli.
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SANTOS, Fernando Batista Dos. "Igioṣè no reino de obaràyí: Uma etnografia acerca da presença do baobá no Ilê axé opô aganju, Bahia." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17998.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo etnografar a presença de Igi Oṣè, conhecida entre nós como baobá (Adansonia digitata), no Ilê Axé Opô Aganju, Lauro de Freitas, BA. Liderado por Balbino Daniel de Paula, Obaràyí, o Aganju foi um dos contemplados pelo Projeto (Im)Plantando Morada dos Ancestrais em Salvador, CEAO-UFBA/SEMUR (2006), que objetivou a disseminação dessa árvore prioritariamente nos jardins sagrados baianos, a partir de mudas transportadas do Recife, desde 2005, para a capital baiana. Até então, os únicos registros dessa espécie da flora africana no arboreto urbano de Salvador se encontravam restritos ao Largo 2 de julho (Praça do Campo Grande) e ao Largo de Nazaré (Praça Almeida Couto) e, no Candomblé, apenas ao Ilê Axé Alabaxé, em Maragogipe, onde a árvore foi plantada em 24 de junho de 1993. O trabalho de campo foi realizado de setembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. No Aganju, Igi Oṣè passa a ser associado ao vodun ao qual se atribui a primazia do culto às árvores na nação Jeje (PARÉS, 2006), a evidenciar absorções que ocorrem entre as diversas nações do Candomblé na Bahia. Ainda desconhecido pela maioria da comunidade religiosa, o acesso aos loci botânico e – mesmo que incipiente - litúrgico do Candomblé propiciado por esses sujeitos ao baobá ratifica a criativa tradição de (re)invenção religiosa visando à manutenção da África soteropolitana por essas comunidades que demonstram prestígio político ao atuarem de modo a serem contempladas por ações acadêmicas e políticas.
Èròngbà àpilèko yìí ni láti se ìwádìí ní òrínkínniwín lórí Igi Osè ti ó gbajúgbajàs láàrín wa tí òpòlopò si mo orúkò rè gégé bíi baobá (Adansonia digitata) èyi tí ó wà ní gbàgede Ilé Àse Òpó Aganjú ni Lauro de Freitas, Bahia lábé àkóso alàgbà Balbino Daniel de Paula, Obaràyí, fún àkànse isé ìwádìi lábé ètò tí a pe àkolé rè ni Gbígbín Ibùgbé fún awon Òrìsà ni ilú Salvador labe àkóso ètò àjosepò laarin CEAO-UFBA ati SEMUR (2006). Kókó èròngba ètò náà ni lati se ìfilólè igi-osè yí nipa gbigbin awon pòpórò igi-osè náa ti a mú lati ilú Recife wa si ilè Bahia ni odun 2005. Saájú àkókò yìí, àkosílè tí a ríkà ni wípé eyo méjì péré ni irúfé èyà igi-osè àbáláyé ti ilè Áfíríkà tí a lè ri ní agbègbé ìlú Salvador: òkan ni gbágede ogbà ti a mò sí dois de Julho (Largo Campo Grande) nígbàtí èkejì si wà ni gbàgede ojúde tí a mò sí Praça Almeida Couto ni adúgbò Nazaré. Bákannáà, ákosílè fi yéwa pé ni àwùjo awon olírìsà (Candomblé), awon olùsìn vodum ní ìfokànsìn púpò si igi-osè nítorípé láarin awon olóòsà vodúm, igiosè jé igi pàtàkì fun awon ìran aláwòdúdú ti a mò si jeje ni ilè Basíì (PARÉS, 2006). Lilo tí awon olórísà candomblé yókù náà nlo igi-osè yìí bayìí fihan wipe àjosepò tó gúnmó ni o wà láàrín gbogbo awon elésìn àbálayé orìsà, vodum ati nkisi ti o parapò di Candomblé ni ilè Bahia ti o si tan kálè de gbogbo ilè Bàsíì. Biótilèjépé òpolópò awon olórìsà elésìn àbáláyé ìran ènìyàn dúdú ni Ilè Bàsíì ni kò dá ojúlówó igi-osè mò dúnjú, wíwà tí irúfé igi ti won npe ni baobâ wà ni àwùjo Bahia báyìí gegebi igi ìsòyè ni awon ibi tuntun ti a sèsè fi wón lólè si yìí gégébíi loci botanico fihan ipa tí ifokànsìn tí o múnámúnà tí o sí so ilè Bahia di gbajúgbajà láàrín awujo awon oloosa lágbàáyé se jé elérìí sí ifé tí awon babanla awon ènìyàn dúdú tí won ko jékì èsìn ati ìse ìsèmbáyé ilè Áfíríkà parun ní ilè Améríkà èyí tí o sì fá gbígbajúmò tí èsìn Candomblè ti ilè Bahia se gbajúmo tobéègéé ti ó fi di ohun tí òpòlopò onímò ìjìnlè ati ìjoba yàn án láàyò fún isé akadá ati ètò ìfowósowópò pelú ètò ìsèlú.
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Castro, Nuno Miguel Nogueira. "Estudo e caracterização química dos compostos extractáveis em metanol da polpa de baobá (Adansonia digitata)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3063.
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Mestrado em Bioquímica e Química dos AlimentosO presente trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo e caracterização química dos compostos extractáveis da polpa do fruto da árvore Adansonia digitata, baobá, ou calabaceira, como é mais conhecida em Cabo Verde, local de onde são provenientes os frutos estudados. Em muitas regiões este fruto tropical africano é uma importante fonte nutricional, e de inúmeras e relevantes aplicações terapêuticas nas regiões da qual é endémico. A partir da obtenção de vários extractos, usando metanol e uma mistura de acetona/água, estudou-se a capacidade antioxidante e poder antiradicalar de cada um dos extractos isolados, pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau e por espectrofotometria usando o radical DPPH., respectivamente, de forma a atestar as propriedades apontadas a este fruto na literatura. Usando ESI-MS/MS de modo negativo e positivo, estudou-se qualitativamente a presença de várias substâncias no extracto de metanol após fraccionamento em clorofórmio. A identificação das substâncias em cada espectro de ESIMS/ MS foi feita através da massa do ião molecular e respectivos iões fragmento, através da consulta de bases de dados online e literatura recolhida. Foi encontrada uma série de artefactos formados durante o procedimento experimental, revelou-se a presença de ácido cumárico como espécie maioritária na fracção estudada e do indole-3-carbinol, uma substância biologicamente activa, pouco usual em frutos, que contribui para a explicação de algumas propriedades reportadas a este ímpar fruto tropical africano. ABSTRACT: The aim of the present work was the study and chemical characterization of extractable substances, in the fruit pulp of the tree Adansonia digitata, baobab, or calabaceira, as is better known in Cape Verde, place of where the fruits studied are from. In many regions this african tropical fruit is an important nutritional source and with numerous and important therapeutic applications in regions where it is endemic. From several extracts, using methanol and a mixture of acetone/water, it was studied the antioxidant capacity and antiradical power, for each of one isolated extractes, by Folin-Ciocalteu method, and by spectrophotometry, using the DPPH. Radical, respectively, in order to testify the properties pointed in the literature for this fruit. Using ESI-MS/MS in negative and positive mode, it was qualitatively studied the presence of several substances in the methanol extract after fractionation in chloroform. The identification of substances in each ESI-MS/MS spectrum was made by the mass of the molecular ion and ions fragments, by comparison in online databases, and literature collected. A series of artefacts were found formed during the experimental procedure. Coumaric acid was found to be the main specie in the studied fractions, and indole-3-carbinol, a biologically active substance, unusual in fruits, was also found, what contributes to the explanation of some functional properties reported in this unique african tropical fruit.
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Wang, Baocai [Verfasser], Norbert Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Hüser, Norbert Hans [Gutachter] Hüser, and Carolin [Gutachter] Mogler. "Brg1 modulates liver regeneration and promotes liver fibrosis / Baocai Wang ; Gutachter: Norbert Hans Hüser, Carolin Mogler ; Betreuer: Norbert Hans Hüser." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1228536023/34.
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Barbosa, Isabela Maria Pereira. "Entre o ajeum e a “comida afro-indígena” : Mãe Neide Oyá D’Oxum e a alimentação na Serra da Barriga, Alagoas." Pós-Graduação em Antropologia, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8391.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThis Master Thesis analyze the feeding in the Serra da Barriga, Alagoas, from the impacts around the creation of Baobá Raízes e Tradições Restaurant, founded by ialorixá and chef Mãe Neide Oyá D’Oxum. Having as methodological resource the analysis of the ialorixá’s trajectory, the discourses around the food maked in her restaurant and her role as “guardian of memory”, the work problematizes the constructions and the tensions between the interfaces about “quilombola´s food”, “sagrado´s food”, and the “afro-indigena food” in that location. Therefore, evidence this debates from an ethnographic search that had as itinerary the ialorixá’s narratives and reforced by “eco-technical tourism” in Baobá Raízes e Tradições Restaurant, located in Serra da Barriga, siding by the Parque Memorial Quilombo dos Palmares (PMQP), and silencing of the residents who live around fo PMQP and the Muquém Quilombola Community.
Esta dissertação analisa a alimentação na Serra da Barriga, Alagoas, a partir dos impactos da criação do Restaurante Baobá Raízes e Tradições, fundado pela ialorixá e chefe de cozinha Mãe Neide Oyá D’Oxum. Tendo como recurso metodológico a análise da trajetória da ialorixá, os discursos em torno da comida produzida em seu restaurante e seu papel como “guardiã da memória”, o trabalho problematiza as construções e as tensões nas interfaces entre a “comida quilombola”, a “comida do sagrado” e a “comida afro-indígena” naquela localidade. Para tanto, evidencia esses debates a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica que teve como itinerário as narrativas produzidas pela ialorixá e reforçadas pelo “turismo eco-étnico” no Restaurante Baobá Raízes e Tradições, localizado na Serra da Barriga, nos arredores do Parque Memorial Quilombo dos Palmares (PMQP), e do silenciamento dos moradores sitiados ao redor do PMQP e dos quilombolas da comunidade de Muquém.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Savard, Valérie. "Évaluation du potentiel d'adoption des parcelles maraîchères de Baobab (Adansonia digitata) dans la région de Ségou, au Mali /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766708201&sid=31&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nangolo, Ester Magano. "Fruiting and seed production of producer and poor-producer baobab trees and on different land use types in Northern Venda, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21065.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Environmental Sciences by Coursework and Research Report.
Johannesburg
24 March 2016In southern Africa, the baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an economically important trees because it contributes significantly to the livelihoods of local people, particularly in northern Limpopo in South Africa (the southern-most edge of the baobab distribution). All parts of the baobab are useful and considered important for subsistence and commercial uses. Understanding factors that affect fruit and seed production is important to better characterize the long-term success of tree populations. Some adult baobab trees have high fruit production (50 −299 fruits per tree, per year) and are subsequently called ‘producers’ or ‘female’ trees, while there are other trees that produce fewer fruits (< 5 fruits per tree, per year) that are called ‘poor-producers’ or ‘male’ trees. For this study, baobab fruit dimensions (mass, length, volume and ratio) were, measured and compared between artificially- and naturally-pollinated producer and poor-producer trees. Fruit dimensions were also correlated to the number of seeds per fruit. Using 2D geometric morphometric analysis, baobab fruit shapes were analyzed and compared to determine if fruit shape differs between fruits formed on producer and poor-producer baobab trees. I found no significant difference in fruit shape between producer and poor-producer baobab trees. Although, artificially-pollinated trees produced bigger and more uniform shaped fruits and contained more seeds in comparison to the smaller unevenly shaped fruits produced by naturally-pollinated trees. Furthermore, I compared fruit and seed production between naturally-pollinated producer/poor-producer and between artificially-pollinated producer/poor-producer trees that occur on different land use types (i.e. nature reserves, rocky outcrops, plains, fields (land use for agricultural purposes) and villages) in Northern Venda, South Africa. There was a significant difference in fruit and seed production between naturally and artificially-pollinated producer and poor producer trees that occur on different land use types. On average, producer trees yielded more seeds than poor-producer trees. The highest fruit and seed production was recorded in fields and villages. Seed mass variation also differed significantly between producer and poor-producer trees and between the different land use types. A very weak negative relationship between baobab seed number and mass was found in both producer and poor-producer baobab trees. Baobab seed viability was estimated using a 0.1% tetrazolium solution, 100% viability was found in all tested seeds from both producer and poor-producer baobab trees. Result of this study may aid with the identification of land use types where baobabs have the lowest seed production and therefore require additional conservation effort to ensure that fruits are harvested sustainably. The estimation of seed production may improve the ability to estimate the total seed oil that is available in each land use type.
M T 2016
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Kahlheber, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Perlhirse und Baobab : archäobotanische Untersuchungen im Norden Burkina Fasos / von Stefanie Kahlheber." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974950610/34.
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Smutná, Petra. "Knihy nakladatelství Baobab pro děti předškolního věku a jejich role v rozvoji čtenářství." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386467.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the uniqueness of the Baobab publishing house books for pre-school children and to find out what is the opinion of parents and pre- school teachers on selected books from this publishing house, on their content and on their graphic design. In the theoretical part I describe and explain the basic concepts of the reading literacy. I also devote to the contemporary situation in the book market for children, especially pre- school children, mostly non-readers. I focus on a small alternative publishing house called Baobab, its book production for children in general, and on its awarded books. In the empirical part I interviewed parents (41 returned questionnaires altogether) about their awareness and opinion on the Baobab publishing house and on selected books published by Baobab, namely Jak zvířataspí (How Animals Sleep), Šmalcova ABECEDA (Šmalec's Alphabet) and Z domu a zahrady (From the House And the Garden). I also interviewed 7 pre- school teachers to find out about their awareness of the Baobab publishing house and about their opinion on the selected books. Unlike the parents, all teachers had known the publishing house. It was proved that although the publishing house was awarded several prizes for its children's books (especially for the graphic design), the...
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Udeh, Chukwudi Austin-Willy. "One African Baobab species or two? : using morphology and inferred ploidy level to investigate." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25115.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science of the School of Animal Plant and
Environmental Sciences
Johannesburg,
3rd November 2017.Only one tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) species of baobab (Adansonia digitata, L.) was recognized on mainland Africa. However, a study published in 2012 reported the existence of a new diploid baobab species known as Adansonia kilima which was said to co-exist on mainland Africa with A. digitata. This new species was identified on the basis of morphology (mainly floral and stomatal features), ploidy level and molecular phylogenetics. The two species of African baobabs were also differentiated according to their elevation preferences of between 650 m –1500 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and below 800 m a.s.l. for A. kilima and A. digitata respectively, which were said to rarely overlap. The report of this new species and the need to accurately determine the exact number of species of baobabs existing on mainland Africa have brought about a renewed interest in the study of the African baobabs and have necessitated this study. This research therefore compared A. digitata and A. kilima to assess the latter’s authenticity as described by work. The objectives were to (i) examine floral and stomatal traits from samples across mainland African baobab populations to establish whether there are distinct differences that can be correlated with altitudinal differences in order to distinguish the species present in Africa, and (ii) use stomatal size and density to infer ploidy levels of baobabs that occur at low and high altitudes. Herbarium and fresh specimens of A. digitata and A. kilima from across Africa with both leaves and flowers were borrowed from various herbaria to represent the widespread distribution of baobab in Africa. Cluster analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (NMDS) of seven floral traits of 124 African baobab specimens were used to analyze baobabs that occur at low or high altitude. These specimens did not form distinct clusters or separate groupings correlated with either low or high altitude. The inference of ploidy using stomatal size categories as per previous study showed no differences in ploidy level among the baobabs studied and the difference in morphological features between baobabs found at low and high altitudes also could not be linked to inferred differences in ploidy levels. Specimens were assigned diploids or tetraploids based on their stomatal length as defined by an earlier work and the altitude of each specimen was used to ascertain whether the ploidy level correspond to the altitudinal category reported by a study published in 2012. Box and whisker plots were also used to compare the floral (pollen grain diameter, volume and density) and stomatal traits of baobabs that occurred at low and high altitudes. There was no statistical difference in the variation in floral features among African mainland baobabs found at low and high altitudes except in staminal tube length and style length. The stomatal traits results reveal that the mean stomatal length and density (per 1000 μm2) between baobabs that occur at low and high altitudes were not statistically different except when mean stomatal length and density were grouped into the two putative ploidy categories as per previous study. Morphological features results suggest that the differences in floral size, and stomatal size and density of mainland African baobabs could be related to differences in climate, water availability and geographical variation. Based on the data analyzed for this work, it is concluded that A. kilima is not distinct enough from A. digitata, to be recognized as a new species. However, further research should investigate potential variation in genome size among African baobab that is correlated with altitude using flow cytometry analysis and/or chromosome counts. Key words: altitudinal variation, mainland African baobab, multivariate analysis, ploidy level, pollen grains, species concept, stomatal density, sympatric speciation.
LG2018
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Tivakudze, Ronie. "Assessing ploidy-level and gene flow between baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit producers and poor producers in Limpopo." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/14928.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science by coursework and research report. Johannesburg, 13 May 2014.The African baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a multi-purpose tree that is important among African villages as it provides food and a range of raw materials. Its fruits provide essential nutrients and are sold to generate income. As baobab fruits are important to the livelihoods of many people, it is important to understand the causes of differences in fruit production in order to maximise use and for conservation purposes. Many studies have examined fruit production to understand the causes of variation in fruit yields. In Venda, a region northern South Africa, differences in baobab fruit yield has been recorded for 8 years, thus classifying individual trees as either poor producers or producers (Venter and Witkowski, 2011). Poor producers are adult trees producing less than five fruits each year and some not producing at all. On the other hand, adult trees producing more than five fruits each year are referred as producers. Causes of this difference in fruit production have not been identified. Among other factors, the observed difference in fruit production could be related to differences in ploidy-level among baobab trees. Importantly, few or no studies to our knowledge have been carried out to confirm whether differences in fruit production among baobab trees are related to a difference in ploidy-level. The well-known and widespread mainland African baobab, Adansonia digitata, is known to be a tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes). Recently, a difference in ploidy-level has been revealed. A new diploid species, Adansonia kilima, has been identified in Africa (Pettigrew et al., 2012). Morphological characteristics (floral, pollen, and stomatal size and density), ploidy, and molecular phylogenetics suggest the presence of a new species. This new species has been reported to overlap the well-known and widespread tetraploid A. digitata’s distribution in Venda. Consequently, the presence of a diploid species that reproduces with a tetraploid species could result in triploid progeny and contribute to the observed differences in fruit production in these baobab trees. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess if there is any difference in ploidy-level between the poor producer and producer baobab trees in Venda using flow cytometry, (ii) to assess if stomatal density and size correlate to differences in ploidy-level, and (iii) to use microsatellites to estimate levels of gene flow between these baobab trees. Morphological results showed that stomatal size and density were not significantly different between poor producer and producer trees and these features may not be true indicators of difference in ploidy-level for baobabs. Gene flow results showed that there was high mean genetic heterozygosity and low population differentiation expressed in all populations. This suggests that inbreeding was not responsible for the differences in fruit production between poor producer and producer trees. Low population differentiation observed among the populations indicated that a large number of common alleles were shared among the populations. Therefore, the high gene flow observed among the populations suggests that poor producer and producer trees were sharing alleles, and what is causing the differences in fruit production remains unclear.
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Taylor, Robert William. "Temporal and spatial variation in population structure of the African baobab (adansonia digitata) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21026.
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A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
June 2016The African baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a charismatic and iconic tree. This keystone species has highly specific moisture requirements for recruitment, a very slow life history, low dispersal capabilities, and is exposed to heavy, often destructive utilization by baboons, elephants and humans. These characteristics result in the reduced ability for baobabs to accommodate and respond to changing environmental conditions. During periods of unfavourable conditions, baobabs rely on the persistence of established individuals for the survival of the population. The Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa falls within the southern-most distribution of the baobab. A perceived lack of recruitment together with high numbers of dead large baobabs recorded in aerial surveys prompted concern over local population decline in the early 1990s. Long-term monitoring is necessary in order to quantify changes occurring within the KNP baobab population. For this reason Dr Ian Whyte sampled 424 baobab trees in northern KNP in 1995/1996 to describe population size-class distributions and elephant damage. Nearly all of these baobabs, with the addition of 486 individuals were resampled in 2001 by Michele Hofmeyr. This study resampled the majority of these 910 baobabs plus 126 individuals within 50m of those previously sampled, culminated in a data set spanning 18 years and most of the dominant vegetation and climatic zones within the baobab’s KNP range. Photographs taken in 1995/6 and repeated in 2013 allowed for simultaneous direct visual comparisons of elephant damage to baobab stems. This study aimed to record the temporal and spatial changes in the demographics of, and damage to, this sample of 1036 baobabs in order to define and evaluate the factors threatening KNP baobab persistence. The overall population stem diameter structure of baobabs in the KNP showed a healthy inverse J-shaped distribution, with a high proportion of smaller trees and a decreasing proportion of larger trees at each sampling snapshot. However no seedling recruitment was observed during intensive searches within 50m of sampled trees, accumulating in a total area of 4km2. Growth was only noticeable in sub-adult trees >0.15m and <1m in stem diameter. Annualised mortality increased three-fold between the periods 1995/6-2001 (0.25%) and 2001-2013 (0.79%). It is speculated that this increase in mortality is due to the cumulative effect of increased elephant damage, together with below average rainfall years of 2002 to 2013. Trees that had previously sustained severe and very severe damage contributed the highest proportion (32%) of mortality. When comparing sizeclasses, the majority of mortality (61%) was recorded within the <1m stem diameter size-class. However, a high proportion of very large trees (21% of the 4- 4.5m and 29% of the 5-5.5m stem-diameter baobabs sampled) had died from unknown causes. With no recruitment of seedlings evident and little recruitment between size classes, mortality alone was not enough to significantly change the baobab population structure between 1995/6, 2001 and 2013. This might change should more very large (>4m stem-diameter) trees die, as these size classes make up less than 2% of the population. At a spatial scale, maximum fire return interval, level of elephant damage and mean annual temperature all had significant impacts on the size-class distribution of baobabs. Longer (>30 years) maximum fire return intervals and higher mean annual temperatures (23°C) supported an inverse J-shaped baobab population structure whilst shorter (<30 years) maximum fire return intervals and lower mean annual temperatures (21-22°C) supported a bell-shaped population structure. Increases in bark damage over time correlated with increased elephant density (primarily attributed to mature male elephant density). Smaller baobabs – those less than <1m in stem diameter, generally escaped elephant utilization altogether, or suffered very severe damage by elephants. Despite a 3-fold increase in mortality and no recruitment over the 18 year study period, the KNP baobab population has maintained its inverse J-shaped population structure. The high proportion of mortality in the >4m stem diameter is however concerning as the persistence of these large baobabs is essential for the survival of the population during unfavourable conditions for recruitment.
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Mikasi, Masiza Samuel. "The evaluation of the nutritive value of Baobab seed cake and Macadamia oil cake as feed for ruminants." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1199.
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PhD (AGR) (Animal Science)Department of Animal Science
Horticultural by-products such as seed and nut oil residues have the potential to replace conventional protein and energy sources in diets for ruminants. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Macadamia oil cake and Baobab seed cake as nutrient supplements for feedlot animals. Several experiments were carried-out to evaluate the nutritive value of Macadamia oil cake and Baobab seed cake as feed for ruminants. The nutrient composition of the cakes were determined using both proximate and modern methods of analysis of feeds and a t-test was used to compare the means of Macadamia oil cake and Baobab seed cake. The in sacco technique was used to determine the rumen degradability parameters of dry matter, crude protein and Amino acids of the cakes. This experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. A three step-in vitro technique was used to conduct a post ruminal digestibility trial and the study was arranged in a completely randomized design. An apparent digestibility trial was conducted using metabolism cages and fecal bags to avoid the mixing of urine and faeces and the experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial. A growth trial was conducted using a completely randomized block design arranged in a 2x2 factorial with two protein supplements and two inclusion levels as factors and blocked by sex of the lambs. The two cakes had similar (P>0.05) dry matter, fat, hemicellulose and gross energy contents. Baobab seed cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher ash, crude protein, acid detergent lignin and nitrogen free extract than macadamia oil cake. Macadamia oil cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and cellulose concentrations. Baobab seed cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus (macroelements), zinc, and copper than macadamia oil cake. Macadamia oil cake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in manganese and iron contents than Baobab seed cake. Sodium content was not significantly (P>0.05) different between the two cakes. Baobab seed cake had more (Tryptophan, Cysteine, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Valine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Leucine) Amino acids which were significantly (P<0.05) higher in quantity than macadamia oil cake with the two cakes having similar (P>0.05) remaining Amino acids contents. Generally Macadamia oil cake had more (P<0.05) saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids than Baobab seed cake whereas Baobab seed cake had more (P<0.05) poly-unsaturated fatty acids. v The in sacco rumen degradability characteristics of baobab seed cake and macadamia oil cake were estimated for dry matter and crude protein of the cakes. Macadamia oil cake had significantly (P<0.01) higher a value for dry matter than boabab seed cake. Baoaba seed cake had significantly (P<0.01) higher a value for crude protein than macadamia oil cake. the b, c, and a+b values for dry matter of both Baobab seed cake and Macadamia oil cake were not significantly (P>0.05) different form each other. However, the potential degradability (a+b) value for crude protein of baobab seed cake was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of macadamia oil cake. The b and c constants of the two cakes for crude protein were not significantly (P>0.05) different from each other. The ED (Effective degradability) values calculated at three outflow rates (0.02, 0.05, 0.08) were estimated for dry matter and crude protein of Baobab seed cake and macadamia oil cake. The ED of the two cakes calculated at 0.02 outflow rate did not significantly (P>0.05) differ from each other. However, baobab seed cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher ED value at outflow rate of 0.05 whereas macadamia oil cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher ED value calculated at outflow rate of 0.08. The ED values of baobab seed cake for crude protein calculated at the three outflow rate were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those of macadamia oil cake. The two cakes did not significantly (P>0.05) differ in dry matter ruminal degradability but baobab seed cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher ruminal crude protein disappearance from 16 to 72 hours of incubation than macadamia oil cake. The in situ Amino acid degradation was determined on 0, 12, 16, 24, and 48 hour of ruminal incubation of the cakes’ samples and generally they were significant (P<0.05) differences for both cakes according to different incubation periods. The 3-step in vitro digestibility trial revealed that baobab seed cake had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter, crude protein and Amino acids digestibility values than macadamia oil cake. Apparent digestibility study revealed that nutrient intake, faecal and urine outputs, and digestibility of nutrients were not significantly (P>0.05) different between baobab seed cake and macadamia oil cake. However, lambs on 10% macadamia cake having retained significantly (P<0.05) more nitrogen than the lambs on 15% macadamia oil cake, 10% and 15% baobab seed cakes diets. However, the inclusion of either baobab seed cake or macadamia oil cake at 10% or 15% in the diets of lambs did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the DOMR, microbial protein yield and purine derivates output. For the growth trial the lambs were offered four diets formulated to contain 10% MOC (control), 15% MOC, 10 BSC and 15% BSC. The inclusion of 15% MOC and 10% BSC in the diets of lambs did not significantly (P>0.05) affect their final body weight, total weight gain, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, warm and cold carcass masses between these two vi groups. The inclusion of 10% MOC and 15% BSC in the diets of lambs did not significantly affect average daily feed intake and animal performance between these two groups. However, lambs on 10% MOC and 15% BSC had significantly (P<0.05) higher average daily feed intake and animal performance compared to lambs on 15% MOC diet. The feed conversion efficiency and of the lambs in the four diets were not significantly (P>0.05) different. The dressing percentage, carcass length, neck weight, fat thickness, body weight thickness and rib eye area of the carcasses of lambs in this trial did not differ significantly (P>0.05) except for spleen and skin with lambs on 10% BSC diets having the least skin weight and lambs on 10% MOC diet having heaver spleens. Generally BSC had higher (P<0.05) nutrient content than MOC. BSC and MOC were highly degradable in the rumen whereas BSC was higly digestible post-ruminally compared to MOC. The diets of fattening lambs formulated to include 10% or 15% of BSC or MOC as protein supplements did not affect the apparent digestibility of the diets. Macadamia oil cake can be incomporated in the diet of finishing lambs as a protein supplement at 10% inclusion level without compromising the growth and carcass characteristics of the lambs. Baobab seed cake as a protein supplement can be included in the diet of finishing lambs at up to 15% inclusion level without deleteriously compromising on the growth and carcass characteristics of the animals. ______________________________________
NRF
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Phenya, Johannes Solomon Mogotsi. "Evaluation of oil cakes from Amarula (Sclerocarya birrea), Macadamia (Integrifolia) and Baobab (Adansonia digitate L.) as protein supplements for ruminant diets." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25888.
Full textAbstract:
The current research was done to evaluate the nutritive values and the ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) from three non-conventional oil cakes, viz: amarula (Sclerocarya birrea) (AOC), macadamia (Integrifolia) (MOC) and baobab (Adansonia digitate L.) (BOC). The oil cakes were collected from biodiesel producers in Limpopo Province, transported to the ARC-Animal Production campus, where proximate and ruminal nutrient degradation analysis were conducted. Triplicates samples from each oil cake were analyzed for the nutritive values, mineral and amino acids contents. Three rumen cannulated mid-lactating (days in milk; DIM: 180±5) Holstein cows weighing 667±43 kg body weight were allocated to determine the in situ ruminal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation. The cows were offered a totally mixed ration (TMR) (60 concentrate: 40 forage ratio) that was compounded according to their daily nutrient requirements, and were milking was done twice per day at 12 hrs intervals. The three oil cake samples were ground using a 2-mm screen after which sub-samples (6.5 g) were put in 10 x 20 cm; 50 μm pore size polyester bags to achieve 15 mg/cm² (ratio of the sample size to surface area). The bags were then fistulated in each cow’s rumen in triplicate for a period of 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, or 48 hrs. After being incubated, the bags were removed from the rumen and washed with cold (4°C) water in 20-L buckets. Following immersing in cold water, the bags were machine washed until clean water was obtained. The bags were then dried at 60 °C in an oven for 48 hrs. The dried bags were individually weighed, and the content of each bag were removed and stored into glass vial until analysis. The remaining two duplicate sets of each sample were rinsed using cold water in order to determine solubility at 0 hrs. The AOC had higher (P<0.05) ether extract (EE) and CP content than both BOC and MOC. Macadamia oilcake (MOC) and BOC had higher (P<0.05) fractions of fibre (NDF, ADF and ADL) compared to the AOC. The AOC had greater (P<0.05) content of essential amino acids than in the BOC and MOC. Additionally, AOC had a high (P<0.05) phosphorus, but low calcium and potassium concentration. While AOC had high effective degradability of DM, it also had high water soluble as well as DM and CP rapidly degradable fractions. Effective degradation of CP was higher in AOC and BOC than in MOC. However, BOC had a high insoluble but degradable fraction of CP. Further work to determine the toxicology of these non-conventional oil cakes and animal feeding experiments is neededAgriculture and Animal Health
MSc. Agriculture
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Kelly, Henry Lyle Patrick. "The effect of elephant utilisation on the Sterculia rogersii and Adsonia digitata populations of the Kruger National Park." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23730.
Full textAbstract:
This study assesses elephant induced damage and mortality of baobab and common star-chestnut trees in the northern Kruger National Park. Comparisons are made between the populations north and south of the Luvuvhu River. The density, population size and age structure are estimated. The population structure of neither species has been shaped by elephant utilisation. While the baobab population has a healthy age distribution, that of the star-chestnut population shows that recruitment has declined in recent decades. Utilisation has been found to be higher in the south as a result of higher elephant densities, although recently damage has been greater in the north. Damage increases with tree size. The mortality of baobabs is lower than in other areas where elephants and baobabs co-exist. Elephants are not playing a significant role in mortality of either tree species and management of factors other than elephant is required to improve regeneration rates of these species.Dissertation (MSc (Wildlife Management))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted
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Mugangavari, Beaulah. "Exploring the potential of sustainable utilisation of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) to improve food security. A case study of the south-east lowveld of Zimbabwe." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26198.
Full textAbstract:
The baobab tree represents a major contribution to rural communities of the south-east lowveld of Zimbabwe. The livelihood base of the study area was largely rain-fed subsistence farming whose production has declined due to frequent droughts. Harvesting of baobab tree products; leaves, fruits and bark fibre, has prospered due to poverty. These products are harvested for food, medicinal use, cash and animal harness. A mixed method approach on collection of data was employed through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, 48-hour dietary recall and Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence (HFIAP) template. Sixty-eight households from Wengezi and Gudyanga communities participated in this study. All the respondents from the study area indicated they were involved in using baobab products in one way or the other. According to the information collected by the HFIAP template, 76% of the households were moderate to severe food insecure. Baobab bark harvesting was common in the Gudyanga and harvesters were aware of sustainable way of harvesting it. Value-addition on baobab fruit pulp to make ice-lollies and seeds roasted to produce a coffee substitute was practised by youth projects with the help of a non-governmental organisation. Ninety-five percent of the households in the study area were in support of the idea of possible baobab tree commercial cultivation in the community. The support was in anticipation of job opportunities and reduced food insecurity.Agriculture and Animal Health
M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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Rita, Keyla Vanessa dos Reis Borges. "Efeito da ingestão do extrato aquoso do fruto da Adansonia digitata L. na glicemia pós-prandial em indivíduos não diabéticos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/25613.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizIntrodução: A diabetes mellitus é uma doença crónica que afeta 13% da população portuguesa, estimando-se um aumento para 15,8% em 2035. O fruto da Adansonia digitata L. (Baobá) é um importante recurso nutricional e medicinal. Estudos prévios verificaram a atividade hipoglicémica do fruto, atribuindo-a ao seu teor de polifenóis. Os objetivos deste estudo foram, verificar o seu efeito sobre a glicemia pós-prandial (GP) em adultos não diabéticos e verificar os compostos relacionados a esta atividade. Materiais e métodos: Após a aprovação da comissão de ética da Cooperativa Egas Moniz, foram recrutados 31 adultos não diabéticos, entre os 18 e 40 anos. Foi obtido por escrito um consentimento informado dos voluntários, aleatoriamente alocados em um grupo de controlo (GC = 16) submetidos a PTGO e um grupo de intervenção (GI = 15), submetidos a PTGO, seguida da ingestão de 250 ml de extrato aquoso de baobá (EAB). O teste da ANOVA de medidas repetidas do tipo misto foi usado para verificar a diferença dos níveis da GP em diferentes momentos e o teste-t de amostras independentes para averiguar a diferença entre os grupos do Cmáx, ΔCmáx e AUC. Foi determinado o teor de fenóis totais (FT), proantocianidinas (PA) e taninos hidrolisáveis (TH), bem como a atividade antioxidante pelos métodos FRAP, DPPH, ABTS e inibição do O2˙- e do NO˙ do EAB. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados não revelaram interação entre os fatores de medidas repetidas e independentes, não sendo possível inferir sobre as diferenças da GP em diferentes momentos. Os resultados mostraram maior Cmáx no GC em relação ao GI (p=0,029), embora não se tenha observado ΔCmáx (p=0,054) significativa. A AUC foi significativamente menor (p=0,012) no GI. Os valores de FT, PA e TH do EAB foram de 702,39±11,85 EAG/100g, 336,33±10,85 EPA2/100g e 237,63±4,71 mg EAT/100g PF, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante foi alta, sendo o poder redutor do método FRAP de 1289,58±34,44 mg ET/100g PF e a captação dos radicais DPPH e ABTS respectivamente, de 1269,72±129,23 e 1004,42±41,65 mg ET/100g PF. O IC50 dos radicais O2˙- e NO˙ foram respectivamente 57,86±2,57 e 29,48±5,17 mg EAG/100g PF. Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que o EAB poderia atuar beneficamente no controlo da GP, provavelmente correlacionadas com suas propriedades antioxidantes.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects 13% of the portuguese population estimating an increase to 15.8% in 2035. Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) fruit is an important nutritional and medicinal resource. Previous studies have verified the hypoglycemic activity of the fruit, attributing it to its polyphenol content. The objectives of this study, were to verify its effect on postprandial glycemia (PG) in non-diabetic adults and to verify the compounds related to this activity. Materials and methods: Following Cooperativa Egas Moniz ethical committee approval, 31 adults between 18 and 40 years old were recruited. A written informed consent was obtained from volunteers that were randomly allocated in a control group (CG = 16) subjected to OGTT and in a intervention group (IG = 15), subjected to OGTT followed by ingestion of 250 ml of baobab aqueous extract (BAE). Repeated Measures ANOVA of mixed type was used to verify the difference in PG levels at different times and the independent-sample t-test to access the difference between groups for Cmax, ΔCmax and AUC. The total phenols (TP), proanthocyanidins (PA) and hydrolysable tannins (HT), as well as the FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and inhibition of O2˙- and NO˙ methods of EAB were quantified in the laboratory. Results and discussion: Results revealed no interaction between the independent and repeated measures factors, thus is not possible to infer about the differences in PG in different moments. Results showed higher Cmax in the CG compared to the IG (p=0.029), although no significant ΔCmax (p=0.054) was observed. The AUC was significantly lower (p=0.012) in the GI. The TP, PA and HT values from BAE were 702.39±11.85 EGA/100g, 336.33±10.85 EPA2/100g and 237.63±4.71 mg ETA/100g FW, respectively. Antioxidant activity was high, being the reducing power given by the FRAP method 1289.58±34.44 mg ET/100g FW, the scavenging activities of the DPPH and ABTS radicals 1269.72±129.23 and 1004.42±41.65 mg ET/100g FW, respectively. O2˙- and NO˙ IC50 were respectively 57.86±2.57 and 29.48±5.17 mg EGA/100g FW. Conclusions: Results obtained suggest that the BAE could act beneficially for PG control, as previously stated and a possible correlation with its antioxidant properties.
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Whyte, Ian John. "Conservation management of the Kruger National Park elephant population." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29718.
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Kuo, Chin-Hsiang, and 郭錦香. "Monitoring and analysis of Baolai hot spring." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xk7uqs.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嘉南藥理大學
觀光事業管理系
106
Baolai hot spring is one of the most important hot springs in the southern Taiwan. However, several bathhouses and the major hot spring outcrop were damaged and buried during the typhoon Morakot, 2009. The city government drilled several thermal water wells for reconstructing the tourism industry in the Baolai hot spring include the monitoring well of this study. This study uses EXCEL and Pearson correlation coefficient method to exploring the relations between rainfall, water levels, and water temperature in 2017. The results show: 1.The water level of monitoring well increased more than 1 m while there were heavy rainfall on July 29, 2017. 2.The temperatures of monitoring well were about 26.5°C indicate that the heavy rainfall of July 29, 2017 did not have significant impact to the water temperature. 3.The correlation coefficients between the cumulative rainfall, water levels and water temperatures are established for the data of 2017. 4.The water levels and water temperatures in the monitoring well were remain stable while the production well was pumping during 6-9 February, 2017.
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Venter, Sarah Marguerite. "The ecology of Baobabs (adansonia digitata l.) in relation to sustainable utilization in Northern Venda, South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11885.
Full textAbstract:
The harvesting and commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) both present
social, economic and environmental challenges. Thousands of NTFPs are harvested from
wild populations around the world and the use thereof meets the subsistence and
commercial needs of many millions of people. Yet few such products are being sustainably
harvested, presenting a threat to the survival of many species. As commercial interest in
NTFPs grow, it is increasingly important to understand the biology of the species being
harvested. A number of species have oil-bearing seeds which provide ingredients for
cosmetic formulations. Baobab ((Adansonia digitata L.) seed oil, is one such ingredient,
which has rapidly become popular on global markets.
Baobabs are an iconic, very long-lived, African savanna tree species known
throughout their range as a source of food, fibre and medicine, yet global demand for its fruit
derivatives (both seed oil and fruit pulp) have raised concerns about sustainability. This
study undertook to investigate the ecological aspects of fruit harvesting and to document the
socio-economic benefits of commercializing the fruit.
Research was conducted in northern Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Population dynamics, fruit production, phenology and recruitment were investigated in five
land-use types, namely: nature reserves, rocky outcrops and plains, representing natural
land-use types, and fields and villages representing human-modified land-use types.
Density of trees was determined from transects, fruit and flower counts were done on 106
trees over 2-3 seasons, seed viability and seedling/sapling survival rates were determined
and interviews with harvesters were conducted in villages across the study area. Data
analysis used standard univariate statistical methods and the results were used to create a
stage structured population projection matrix model.
Villages and fields had higher densities of trees (2.16±0.44 and 1.13±0.52 plants/ha)
than plains and rocky outcrops (0.96±0.25 and 0.83±0.24 plants/ha). All land-use types had
positively skewed size-class distribution (SCD) curves and negative to flat SCD slopes
indicating low recruitment. Quotients and the permutation index suggest that recruitment
and mortality are episodic events, but nonetheless that the population has been stable.
Mature fruit production was higher in villages and fields (89.59±34.61; 88.26±32.20fruit/tree)
than nature reserves, plains and rocky-outcrops (1.90±1.15; 28.64±12.56; 12.56±5.59
fruit/tree). Predation on immature fruit by baboons resulted in 58-85% loss. Inter-annual
variation in fruit production was significant, with a 2½-fold difference between the highest
and lowest years. Flowering followed a steady-state pattern, lasting 1-5 months and peaking
in November. Mean flower numbers/tree (711±72 and 287±33) varied significantly between
sequential years, but not fruit-set (average of 20±4%). Baobab seed exhibited high viability
(>91%) and formed persistent seed banks. Seed production was substantial (5500±2334 seed/ha); thus recruitment does not appear to be seed-limited except in areas where
baboons are found. Seedling emergence was staggered over two growing seasons. In plots
where livestock were excluded (closed plots) 6.33% of seed emerged with a mean natural
germination rate of 328±28 days and of these 94.44% died of moisture stress and insect
browsing within 21±5 days. In open plots only 2% of the seeds emerged with a germination
rate of 377±5 days and all of them died from livestock browsing within 12±5 days. Planted
sapling survival in closed plots (65%) was significantly better than in open plots (10%) where
repeated livestock browsing and trampling was responsible for high mortality rates. Matrix
model output indicated that high livestock numbers and baboon predation of fruit cause
population decline. Under zero to moderate livestock numbers, populations in communal
land-use types are able to tolerate fruit harvest rates of between 33-90%.
Harvesters were marginalized people to whom the sale of baobab fruit had an
income value 4 times higher than its subsistence value. The sale of baobab fruit contributed
38% to the overall cash income received from NTFP sales, helping to alleviate poverty and
increase access to a cash economy.
It was concluded that the management of baobab populations require an integrated
approach incorporating human needs and environmental variables. The long-lived nature of
baobab trees provides a buffer against short-term pressures (an excellent example of the
‘storage effect’), but unabated environmental degradation and climate change threaten
populations. It is recommended that government agencies, businesses, traditional
authorities and harvesters invest in strategies that will protect baobabs and boost
recruitment to safeguard future populations and ensure multi-generational benefits for rural
people.
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Chih-ChunLiu and 劉芷均. "Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of basalts from Baolai in southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45921592463654226531.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
地球科學系
104
Forty-three samples collected from Baolai at southern Taiwan were analyzed for aboundances of major and trace elements, as well as ratios of Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopes. The results show that the samples were subjected to albitization, chloritization and calcite carbonation. Alteration significantly varies the abundances of Cs, Rb, Sr, and Ba with lesser extents to U and Pb concentrations, and imposed limited impacts on the variatios of Pb isotope compositions. Characterized by Dupal anomaly, the 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of the Baolai basalts are at the high end of the field for the South China Sea (SCS) basalts and slightly higher than those the Hainan basalts, but complete cover the ranges of the Guangdong basalts. Model calculations show that the Nd and Pb isotope compositions of the source of the Baolai basalts can be explained by addition of 0.1–0.6 Ga recycled oceanic crust into a FOZO mantle. The Nb and Yb concentrations of the Baolai basalts can be modeled by partial melt from a source composed of ~12% clinopyroxene, ~26% orthopyroxene, ~57% olivine, ~2% spinel, and ~3% garnet, with Nb and Yb initial concentrations of 0.753 ppm and 0.557 ppm, respectively. Such a source can be represented by a mixture of ~2.5 % recycle oceanic crust and ~97.5 % primitive mantle. Keywords: Baolai, basalt, alteration, isotope, trace element, mantle, oceanic crust
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Yi-HuiChen and 陳羿輝. "Structural geology analysis on Chaochou Fault between Baolai and Liukuei, Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02340758940201807608.
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Wu, Chingji, and 吳靜怡. "The resilience process of community reconstruction of Baolai after Morakot typhoon." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65399225136394463573.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
醫務管理學系碩士班
99
Aims: To discuss the interactive influence of Morakot post-disaster reconstruction resilience course and community residents mental health in Baolai Tsun, Liukuei Hsiang. Method: adopt case study method, study and survey period: August 2010 ~ April 2011; participated several community activities and collected relevant media report, and carried out in-depth interview and focusing group interviewing on the core members of Community Reconstruction Association, so as to discuss community resilience shown in the course of community reconstruction course after the disaster to now and the impact of community resilience on residents mental health. Nvivo 8 software is used to make open coding and axial coding, in addition, adopt constant-comparative method to compare the difference in development stage, community internal/external situations, so as to show the mental course of Baolai community two years after disaster reconstruction resilience. Results: after wind disaster, residents are still alarmed and panicky, as Baolai community makes a living with sightseeing, residents not only feel upset and panic on future wind disaster invasion, but also feel unconfident due to the sudden loss of community economy. However, in earlier stage, residents still showed active and optimistic spirit to help community reconstruction. As far as the evaluation on the intervention of counseling is concerned, as consultants passively waited for residents to come for assistance, a mutual trust bridge was failed to be built between consultants and residents, which may be used as a window to enter residents’ inmost feeling, so residents doubted the effect of consultation; Questionnaires came from various regions are frequent and repeated, which make residents feel disgusted, they even rejected to reply, it is also easy to trigger volunteers to recall the disaster scene at that time again. In addition, questionnaire investigators’ visit modes make residents doubt their professional ability and residents’ motivation of assistance. For the distribution of public and private department resources, the injection of outside resources mainly goes to original indigenous people, so they felt angry that they were differed and marginalized, compared with current deadly stillness, they sighed for past honorable status and become despaired. Although part of female core members perceived and admitted that themselves ant others have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), they would reject counseling and care visits, they avoid interview and don’t think mental Vintervention is helpful. Although joining community reconstruction work meets seesaw game between family and reconstruction work, they would feel sense of worth and achievement by taking part in reconstruction, they even developed sisterhood in the organization, which became an important support strength. Baolai Tsun had eight years community empowerment experience before disaster and laid a foundation for community participation and treatment. After disaster, community cohesive force is stronger, although there were setbacks in the course（for example, residents doubted sinister plot, government units didn’t pay attention to the disaster, manpower resource was insufficient, the negative reports of media, and so on）, people know that only the recovery of sightseeing can make individuals have better mental health; therefore, considering that Reconstruction Association and Baolai Sightseeing Association established after the disaster, and the common view of reconstruction formed through community work, residents would not like to receive temporary assistance, they hope pursue local sustainable development through infrastructure building and reconstruction, try to create “new” Baolai and increase community resilience. Conclusion: Baolai community pre-disaster economy mainly depends on sightseeing, however, in the course of post-disaster reconstruction, it is found that Baolai’s unique features must be explored, therefore, in addition to original sightseeing, considering local resources and many years community empowerment experience, apply to government units for planning, expand agricultural tourism and cultural creation industry to increase job opportunities and attract local young people to return to their home town, stabilize local residents, increase local residents’ cohesiveness, so as to relieve residents’ insecurity after the disaster; in addition, also continue the pre-disaster community welfare services of old people, children, and disadvantaged group, enhance care service for disadvantaged group after the disaster, and relieve their insecure feelings. Baolai residents understand that pursuing for sustainable development is the constant method of increasing the resilience of Baolai, they take it as the common view of Baolai community reconstruction to jointly create a “new” Baolai.