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1
Prendergast, A. "Scientific Biography in the United States." Choice Reviews Online 46, no. 02 (2008): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.46.02.227.
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Guthman, Joshua. "“Doubts still assail me”: Uncertainty and the Making of the Primitive Baptist Self in the Antebellum United States." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 23, no. 1 (2013): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2013.23.1.75.
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AbstractThough forged in the fires of the early nineteenth-century evangelical revivals, Primitive Baptists became the most significant opponents of the burgeoning antebellum evangelical movement. The Primitives were Calvinists who despised missionaries, Sunday schools, Bible tract societies, and the other accoutrements of evangelical Protestantism. This article contends that a feeling of uncertainty dominated Primitive Baptists' lives, catalyzed their movement's rise, and fueled their strident opposition to the theological and organizational changes shaping churches across the country. For Primitive Baptists, it was their questioning–especially their experience of persistent doubt–that set them apart from evangelicals. The uncertainty that colored Primitive Baptist selfhood motivated believers rather than paralyzed them. It propelled them toward a community of like-minded souls, and it stirred those souls to action as a more ardent brand of evangelical Protestantism crowded church pews. It is in the Primitives' uncertain selves–not in their theology or their socio-economic condition–that we find the most compelling explanation of their movement's unlikely rise.
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Chaves, Joao, and C. Douglas Weaver. "Baptists and their polarizing ways: Transnational polarization between Southern Baptist missionaries and Brazilian Baptists." Review & Expositor 116, no. 2 (2019): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637319852878.
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Polarization in Baptist life has a long history. Baptists have had polarized relations with other competing religious groups and with themselves. Baptist focus on freedom, dissent, conscience, local church independence, among other foundational principles, render Baptists prone to diversity and disagreement. Diversity, salted by the absolute certainties of religious belief, easily translates into polarization. Triumphalism, fundamentalism, and other types of ironic dogmatisms formed in the context of freedom have produced polarized beliefs. Those religious beliefs, however, cannot be separated from the interplay of sources of power: class, gender, and race. In the context of the United States, a discussion of Baptists cannot be separated from these power components, especially matters of race. Significantly, if not surprisingly, Baptists exported their racial, triumphalist identity and commitments abroad in their missionary endeavors. Brazilian Baptists, for example, heard the gospel from Southern Baptists, but they heard that gospel in a racialized form that was captive to Southern US racist culture. Southern Baptists shared the gospel, but they also resisted efforts by native Brazilians in The Radical Movement to indigenize their faith.
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Phillips, Carla Rahn, and William D. Phillips. "Christopher Columbus in United States Historiography: Biography as Projection." History Teacher 25, no. 2 (1992): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494269.
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Desombre, Elizabeth R. "Baptists and Bootleggers for the Environment: The Origins of United States Unilateral Sanctions." Journal of Environment & Development 4, no. 1 (1995): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659500400104.
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Lane, Hannah. "Revivalism, Historians, and Lived Religion in the Eastern Canada-United States Borderlands." Studies in Church History 44 (2008): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400003624.
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Historians of evangelicalism in Canada and the United States have long debated the timing and nature of changes in revivalism in the northeast during the nineteenth century and the vocabulary that best describes these changes. Calvinist and Arminian theologies provided two approaches to this history: revivalism and ‘declension’ as widespread but cyclical, and wholly dependent on God; or revivalism as a dispersed but continual force, sustained also by human effort. The former framework has informed studies of Baptists and Congregationalists, and the latter, studies of Methodists, whose history did not fit common periodizations of the Second Great Awakening.
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Edward Beauchamp. "Education and Biography in the Contemporary United States: An Introduction." Biography 13, no. 1 (1990): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2010.0381.
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Fiddes, Paul. "Christian Doctrine and Free Church Ecclesiology: Recent Developments among Baptists in the Southern United States." Ecclesiology 7, no. 2 (2011): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553111x559454.
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AbstractThe main substance of this article is an extended review of a recent book by a Southern Baptist historical theologian, Malcolm Yarnell, entitled The Formation of Christian Doctrine, which aims to root the development of doctrine in a free-church ecclesiology. This review offers the opportunity to examine a spectrum of ecclesiologies that has recently emerged among Baptists in the Southern region of the United States of America. Four 'conservative' versions of ecclesiology are identified, which are named as 'Landmarkist', 'Reformed', 'Reformed-Ecumenical' and 'Conservative Localist'. Four 'moderate' versions are similarly identified, and named as 'Voluntarist', 'Catholic', 'Moderate Localist' and 'World-Baptist'. While these categories are not intended to be mutually exclusive, the typology is useful both in positioning Yarnell's particular thesis, and in making comparisons with recent Baptist ecclesiology in Great Britain, which has focussed on the concept of covenant. Yarnell's own appeal to covenant is unusual in Southern Baptist thinking, and means that he cannot be easily fitted into the typology suggested. Though he belongs most evidently to the group named here as 'Conservative Localists', and is overtly opposed to any concept of a visible, universal church except in an eschatological sense, it is suggested that his own arguments might be seen as tending towards a more 'universal' view of the reality of the church beyond its local manifestation. His own work thus offers the promise that present polarizations among Baptists in the southern United States might, in time, be overcome.
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Barilleaux, Ryan J. "Gonzo biography." Review of Politics 68, no. 2 (2006): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670506280136.
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The single organizing fact of the Cold War was “the bomb.” In our present age of unipolarity, globalization, and the clash of civilizations, it is useful to remember that our current complexities exist only because the previous age of stark simplicity has passed into history. The decades from the end of World War II until the fall of Communism were years shaped by a nuclear standoff. The threat of nuclear conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union framed the politics and culture of the age. This framing was especially apparent in the 1950s and 1960s, before arms-control agreements lent an air of manageability to nuclear politics.
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Berlin, Robert H. "United States Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography." Journal of Military History 53, no. 2 (1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985746.
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Bebbington, D. W. "Baptists and Fundamentalism in Inter-war Britain." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 7 (1990): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001447.
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The history of Evangelicalism, as Professor Ward has taught us, is greatly illuminated by international comparisons. Britain and America in particular have shared a form of conversionist Protestantism with a common origin and many parallel developments. The study of popular religion in each sheds light on similar phenomena in the other. Comparison also helps our understanding of the differences between the two. Fundamentalism is a case in point. The assertive defence of the faith in inter-war America had echoes in Britain, but the echoes were much softer. The series of booklets called The Fundamentals (1910-15) that gave the movement its name had British as well as American contributors. Yet the militant temper, the polemic in defence of biblical infallibility, and the urge to save Christian civilization from decadence were much more salient in America. Fundamentalism of this kind did exist in Britain, but it was a much weaker force than in the United States.
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McMahone, Marty. "Broadening the Picture of Nineteenth-Century Baptists: How Battles with Catholicism Moved Baptists Toward Separationism." Journal of Law and Religion 25, no. 2 (2009): 453–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400001211.
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Discussions about the historical meaning of religious liberty in the United States often generate more heat than light. This has been true in the broad discussion of the meaning of the First Amendment in American life. The debate between “separationists” and “accommodationists” is often contentious and seldom satisfying. Both sides tend to believe that a few choice quotes that seem to disprove the other side's position prove their own. Each side is tempted to miss the more nuanced story that is reflected in the American experience. In recent years, this division has been reflected among those who call themselves Baptists. One group, best represented by the work of the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty, tends to argue that the Baptist heritage is clearly steeped in the separation of church and state. The other group, probably best represented by the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, tends to reject the term separation and sees value in promoting an American society that “affirms and practices Judeo-Christian values rooted in biblical authority.” This group tends to reject the separationist perspective as a way of defending religious liberty. They argue that Baptists have defended religious liberty without moving to the hostility toward religion that they see in separationism. Much like the broad story of America, the Baptist story is considerably more complicated than either side makes it appear.
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Collier, Allison. "Fasting: A congregational call for Baptists to reclaim a neglected discipline." Review & Expositor 117, no. 4 (2020): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637320971701.
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For many in Baptist churches in the United States, the spiritual discipline of fasting is a common word and an uncommon practice. This article suggests the need to reclaim the discipline in congregational settings, which would lead to both knowledge of the history and application of the discipline. Included is a brief overview of the triadic structure of fasting, vice, and virtue, as well as cultural and medical concerns. The goal is to understand lack to draw closer to God, thus allowing for a more complete appreciation of food and feasting.
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Sullivan, Peter, and John Pearn. "Medical memorials in Antarctica: a gazetteer of medical place-names." Journal of Medical Biography 20, no. 4 (2012): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2012.012060.
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In Antarctica an astonishing more than 300 ‘medical’ place-names record the lives of surgeons and physicians who have served as leaders, clinicians and scientists in the field of polar medicine and other doctors memorialized for their service to medicine. These enduring medical memorials are to be found in the names of glaciers, mountains, capes and islands of the vast frozen Southern Continent. This Antarctic Medical Gazetteer features, inter alii, doctor-expedition leaders, including Jean-Baptiste Charcot (1867–1936) of France and Desmond Lugg (b. 1938) of Australia. The Medical Gazetteer lists 43 geographical features on Brabant Island that were named after famous doctors. This Gazetteer also includes a collection of medical place-names on the Loubet Coast honouring Dr John Cardell (1896–1966) and nine other pioneers who worked on the prevention of snow blindness and four islands of the Lyall Islands Group, including Surgeon Island, named after United States Antarctic Medical Officers. Eleven geographic features (mountains, islands, nunataks, lakes and more) are named after Australian doctors who have served with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions based at Davis Station. Biographic memorials in Antarctica comprise a collective witness of esteem, honouring in particular those doctors who have served in Antarctica where death and injury remains a constant threat.
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Zenkevich, I. V. "Archibald Cary Coolidge: A Promoter of Russian Studies in the United States." Язык и текст 3, no. 3 (2016): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030307.
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The article is dedicated to the contribution of Harvard professor Archibald Cary Coolidge and his students into the rise and development of Russian studies in American Universities. The author believes that it was due to their personal interest and enthusiasm that the Russian language began to be taught in the USA universities. The article provides information about Coolidge’s biography, his approach to teaching Russian, and his work aimed at popularizing Russian and introducing it into the American higher education curriculum.
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Urdank, Albion M. "Religion and Reproduction among English Dissenters: Gloucestershire Baptists in the Demographic Revolution." Comparative Studies in Society and History 33, no. 3 (1991): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017151.
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The growth of English Nonconformity during the era of the demographic revolution (circa 1750–1850) has long been regarded as an impediment to the reconstruction of reproductive behavior. Historical demographers have relied heavily on Church of England registers of baptisms, burials, and marriages, while treating Protestant dissenters from the Church of England secondarily, as a factor of underestimation in the Anglican record. Such treatment suggests that religious culture played no independent role in determining population growth. This assumption seems problematic, however, considering the central role that social historians have assigned evangelical dissent to the emergence of modern English society and the somewhat greater place that religion has occupied in demographic studies of populations in continental Europe, the United States, and the third world.
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Griffiths, Jonathan. "Lives and works — biography and the law of copyright." Legal Studies 20, no. 4 (2000): 485–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2000.tb00156.x.
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In both the United Kingdom and the United States, there have been a substantial number of copyright disputes concerning the creation of biographical works. Prominent recent examples have involved J D Salinger and Sir Stephen Spender. In many such disputes, the claimant's motive for bringing infringement proceedings is not financial but ‘personal’— for example, to protect privacy or reputation. In this article, it is argued that, when copyright is employed for such motives, inconsistent results can arise. In particular, in such cases, it is demonstrated that the possession of a copyright interest is capable of providing a number of apparently inequitable advantages to claimants whose privacy or reputation is threatened.
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Hankins, Barry. "Southern Baptists and Northern Evangelicals: Cultural Factors and the Nature of Religious Alliances." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 7, no. 2 (1997): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1997.7.2.03a00050.
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At times in history, groups of people with very different ideologies have allied with one another because of a common threat. The most striking example of this was the World War II alliance of the United States and the Soviet Union. In a religious matter, Baptists and other free-church evangelicals in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries joined with deists like Thomas Jefferson to combat the threat to religious liberty posed by the establishment of religion. At other times, groups with similar ideas have been unable to come together because they did not share similar attitudes toward or positions within their cultures. This essay is concerned with the latter phenomenon and uses Southern Baptists and northern evangelicals as a case study. The historical relationship of these two groups illustrates something profound about the very nature of religious alliances; specifically, it illustrates how cultural factors and intuitive notions of uneasiness about theological security determine whether or not religious groups with great theological similarities can find common ground.
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Yoffee, Norman. "Robert McCormick Adams: An Archaeological Biography." American Antiquity 62, no. 3 (1997): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282162.
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Robert Adams celebrated his 70th birthday on July 23, 1996. Forty years ago American Antiquity published his first journal article, which helped launch a remarkable career. Adams has influenced not only fundamental aspects of social evolutionary theory and archaeological reconnaissance surveys but also the structure of support for science in the United States and abroad. At the 1996 meetings of the Society for American Archaeology, Adams was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. This essay traces the intellectual influences on Adams, the progress of his fieldwork, and the exposition and development of his ideas in his monographs and major essays. The significance of his work is assessed, and a bibliography of his principal archaeological writings is included.
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Henke, Manfred. "Toleration and Repression: German States, the Law and the ‘Sects’ in the Long Nineteenth Century." Studies in Church History 56 (May 15, 2020): 338–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2019.19.
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At the beginning of the period, the Prussian General Law Code did not provide for equal rights for members of ‘churches’ and those of ‘sects’. However, the French Revolution decreed the separation of church and state and the principle of equal rights for all citizens. Between the Congress of Vienna (1815) and the revolution of 1848, Prussian monarchs pressed for the church union of Lutheran and Reformed and advocated the piety of the Evangelical Revival. The Old Lutherans felt obliged to leave the united church, thus eventually forming a ‘sect’ favoured by the king. Rationalists, who objected to biblicism and orthodoxy, were encouraged to leave, too. As Baptists, Catholic Apostolics and Methodists arrived from Britain and America, the number of ‘sects’ increased. New ways of curtailing their influence were devised, especially in Prussia and Saxony.
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Kimmage, Michael. "Gary Murrell. “The Most Dangerous Communist in the United States”: A Biography of Herbert Aptheker." American Historical Review 122, no. 3 (2017): 875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/122.3.875.
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Jackson, Michael D. "Between Biography and Ethnography." Harvard Theological Review 101, no. 3-4 (2008): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816008001910.
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My point of departure in this essay is Davíd Carrasco's Convocation Address at the Harvard Divinity School in September 2006. Speaking of the borderlands between Mexico and the United States, Carrasco projects an image of a vexed and ambiguous zone that is not merely geographic or political; it defines an existential situation of being betwixt and between, of struggle and suffering, that Karl Jaspers sums up in the term Grenzsituationen (borders/limit situations). The frontier throws up images of borderline experiences, of a destabilized and transgressive consciousness in which “dreams, repressed memories, psychological transferences and associations” possess greater presence than they do in ordinary waking life, and religious experiences emerge from the unconscious like apparitions. This interplay between borderlands and borderline phenomena—between “the differences we have with others and the conflicts within ourselves” also finds expression in the work of Gloria Anzaldúa. “Mestiza consciousness,” she observes, may be identified with a “juncture … where phenomena collide.” This implies “a shock culture, a border culture, a third country” where migrants find themselves at the limits of what they can endure, border patrol agents are stretched beyond the limits of what they can control, and intellectuals find that orthodox ways of describing and analyzing the world do not do justice to the experiences involved.
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Wallsten, Kevin, and Tatishe M. Nteta. "For You Were Strangers in the Land of Egypt: Clergy, Religiosity, and Public Opinion toward Immigration Reform in the United States." Politics and Religion 9, no. 3 (2016): 566–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048316000444.
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AbstractRecently, a number of influential clergy leaders have declared their support for liberal immigration reforms. Do the pronouncements of religious leaders influence public opinion on immigration? Using data from a survey experiment embedded in the 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we find that exposure to the arguments from high profile religious leaders can compel some individuals to reconsider their views on the immigration. To be more precise, we find that Methodists, Southern Baptists, and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America leaders successfully persuaded respondents who identify with these religious denominations to think differently about a path to citizenship and about the plight of undocumented immigrants. Interestingly, we also uncovered that religiosity matters in different ways for how parishioners from different religious faiths react to messages from their leaders. These findings force us to reconsider the impact that an increasingly strident clergy may be having on public opinion in general and on support for immigration reform in particular.
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Soliman, Maryan. ""The Most Dangerous Communist in the United States": A Biography of Herbert Aptheker by Gary Murrell." Journal of Southern History 83, no. 2 (2017): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/soh.2017.0150.
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Sergieva, Natalia S. "American Stage of Pitirim Sorokin’s Linguistic Biography." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 16, no. 1 (2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2019-16-1-35-44.
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The article discusses the features of the bilingualism of an eminent sociologist of the twentieth century Pitirim Sorokin in the American period of his life. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the linguistic features of his scientific thinking in connection with the development of his scientific worldview. The study is based on the materials of Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection at the University of Saskatchewan (Canada). Archival manuscripts and research notes allow us to trace the process of changing the language and switching codes in the professional activities of Pitirim Sorokin after moving to the United States of America. It has been established that the use of a mixed metalanguage by Pitirim Sorokin can be considered as additional evidence of the continued connection with the Russian period of his life and scientific activity. Russian remained for him a tool of scientific thinking, planning and management.
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Abeshouse, Marnie, Scott Goldstein, and Benjamin Phillips. "Mark M. Ravitch: A Staple in Surgical History and Innovation." American Surgeon 86, no. 2 (2020): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313482008600212.
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Mark M. Ravitch is a surgeon worth acknowledging. He is credited for revolutionizing pediatric surgery as a subspecialty, mastering chest wall deformities and introducing the surgical stapler to the United States, to name a few. Above all, he was a notable leader, teacher, and author. This historical vingette is a brief snapshot of his biography and various achievements.
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La Follette, Laetitia. "Looted Antiquities, Art Museums and Restitution in the United States since 1970." Journal of Contemporary History 52, no. 3 (2016): 669–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416641198.
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US attitudes towards restitution and the problem of looted antiquities have shifted since 1970, as pressure builds to change norms for the acquisition of unprovenanced artefacts that have fueled a transnational trade in stolen objects and the depredation of archaeological sites worldwide. This article traces several triggers for change and initial steps towards a revised policy while also cataloguing areas of resistance. It examines the mechanisms of US government policy for international heritage protection and suggests that domestic legislation of the 1990s protecting the heritage of Native Americans has played a significant role in changing museum attitudes and policies. The new transparency for indigenous artifacts has produced museum displays that address their ownership history, larger social context and the distinctly different values assigned them by various groups. For classical antiquities, in contrast, attention to aesthetics still trumps such vital contextual information. This article suggests a different approach, one that showcases the biography of the object, its various lives or contexts, and the way different stakeholders have valued it over time. By drawing attention to restitution and the looting of heritage sites, such an approach better explains the history of the work of art and the continued importance of antiquity today.
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Shumakov, A. A. "THE LIFE OF MARTIN ROBINSON DELANY'S AND EVOLUTION HIS IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 01, no. 05 (2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-01-141-153.
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This article examines the evolution of the ideological and political views of Martin Robinson Delany, who is credited with the first conceptual justification of the doctrine of "black nationalism" in the United States. The author analyzes the main milestones of the biography of this figure, his rich literary heritage, focusing on the consideration of the internal dialectics of Delany's political philosophy, the variability and inconsistency of his views at various stages of life. Special attention is paid to Delany's attitude to the ideology of pan-Africanism and black nationalism, as well as his controversy with Frederick Douglass. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that it is the first attempt in Russian academic science to present the biography and analysis of the ideological and theoretical heritage of an outstanding African-American public figure, an assessment of his contribution to the struggle for the rights of the black population in the United States. The source base is the work of Delany himself and his biographies, none of which has been translated into Russian. A number of sources are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The historical-genetic and historical-typological methods are used as specific historical methods in this work.
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beahrs, andrew. "Twain's Feast: ““The American”” at Table." Gastronomica 7, no. 2 (2007): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.2.26.
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While touring Europe in 1879, Mark Twain composed a long menu of the eighty American foods he professed to miss the most. Drawn from his own fondest memories of life in the United States, the menu allowed him to think of America without the bitterness that so often characterized his political commentary. Instead of a nation of hypocrisy and greed, he imagined a country of abundance and mighty appetite, the source of the folkways that he celebrated throughout his work. Maintaining this image required notable omissions, as he carefully constructed an image of America without details that could have undermined the contrast between the complex "shams" of Europe and his supposedly simple, genuine home country. The result was an idealized portrayal not only of the United States, but of Twain's own biography and authorial persona.
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Halperin, Charles J. "(Re)Discovering George Vernadsky." Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography 11, no. 1 (2018): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102388-01100006.
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Andrei Dvornichenko’s impressive Russkii istorik. Georgii Vernadskii. Puteshestviia v mire liudei, idei i sobytii is the first biography of the Russian émigré historian of Russia who was one of the founding fathers of the study of Russian history in the United States. Dvornichenko’s book surveys Vernadsky’s life and prodigious scholarly output in detail. It is now the standard work on the subject. Anyone interested in the Russian emigration, Russian historiography, or Russian history in general should read this monograph.
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Graham, Gordon. "Understanding America Better A Ten-book Challenge." Logos 23, no. 2 (2012): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878-4712-11111115.
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AbstractEleven Americans, including a publisher, an international entrepreneur, two librarians, an historian, an art designer, a real estate agent, an author, an academic, an IT consultant and a bibliophile, were asked to choose which ten books they would recommend to a new arrival in the United States. Their target was defined as literate in English, well read, and with an intelligent outsider's knowledge of the United States. The participants, who made their choices unbeknown to one another, were invited to annotate their choices. The result is a kaleidoscope of views and arguments, with surprisingly little overlap, reflecting the endless diversity of the subject. The earliest of the 87 titles recommended is dated 1786, the most recent 2011. They include the famous and the obscure, scholarly and popular, tomes and light reading, poetry and essays, history and biography, science and sociology.
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Chandler, David. "Paul Mus (1902––1969): A Biographical Sketch." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 4, no. 1 (2009): 149–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.1.149.
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Using recently available archival materials, this essay presents a new,detailed biography of Paul Mus (1902––1969), a brilliant scholar of Buddhism, a brave soldier, and a public intellectual who was out of step with the French establishment in the 1940s and 1950s as an early opponent of the First Indochina War and the French war in Algeria. His profound and timely insights into Vietnamese nationalism, largely ignored at the time, have had a delayed and positive impact on Vietnamese studies in France and the United States.
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Zhao, Bingxiang. "Returning life to society: Biography as a narrative of the whole." Chinese Journal of Sociology 7, no. 2 (2021): 217–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x211009664.
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Biography is a unique form of narration in ethnography and historiography. This article attempts to position Lin Yueh-Hwa’s works within the context of sociological and anthropological debate since the 1920s. In doing so it explores the potential uses of the biographical method in the study of Chinese history and society. Although Lin was a bearer of the biographical tradition of Chinese literature and history, his works were also profoundly influenced by both the narrative method of life history in the United States and social-life studies in France. In addition to these two influential biographical traditions, anthropologists in Britain developed the genealogical approach to investigating sacred kingship. This study regards these three traditions of individual-life biography, social-life studies and genealogy as a “biographic triad”. Relevant works in contemporary Chinese sociology and anthropology are reviewed within this framework. It is conceivable that phenomenological description alone is insufficient when applying the biographical method. One must take into consideration Chinese centralized power and the overall social structure of China. Only by placing “life biography” against society’s ever-changing processes can one turn individual stories into powerful narratives depicting the whole structure of Chinese social life.
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Maples, Jim. "AN EXCLUSIVIST VIEW OF HISTORY WHICH DENIES THE BAPTIST CHURCH CAME OUT OF THE REFORMATION: A LANDMARK RECITAL OF CHURCH HISTORY." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 3 (2016): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/456.
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The pages of church history reveal that the great variety of Protestant denominations today had their genesis in the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. However, there is a certain strain of Baptist belief, which had its origin in the Southern Baptist Convention in the United States of America in the nineteenth century, which asserts that Baptists did not spring from the Reformation. This view contends that Baptist churches and only Baptist churches have always existed in an unbroken chain of varying names from the first century to the present time. This view is known as Landmarkism. Landmark adherents reject other denominations as true churches, reject the actions of their ministers, and attach to them designations such as societies and organisations rather than churches. Baptist historians today do not espouse such views, however, a surprising number of church members, even among millennials, still hold to such views. This article surveys the origin and spread of such views and provides scholars the means to assess the impact and continuation of Landmark beliefs.
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Pecina, Jozef. "Literature as a Political Tool: Whig Efforts to Prevent the Election of Martin Van Buren." CLEaR 4, no. 2 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/clear-2017-0006.
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Abstract Starting with Andrew Jackson, presidential candidates in the United States used campaign biographies as useful political tools, and since 1824 no presidential election year has passed without a campaign biography. Martin Van Buren, President Jackson’s successor in the White House, became a target of a vicious campaign intended to prevent his election. His Whig opponents used a number of literary genres to slander him, including a mock campaign biography and a novel. The article focuses on the portrayal of Martin Van Buren in The Life of Martin Van Buren, allegedly written by Davy Crockett in 1835, and a novel named The Partisan Leader; A Tale of the Future, written by Nathaniel Beverley Tucker in 1836. Though being of different genres, these curious and obscure works have certain things in common - they were written under pseudonyms, their main goal was to prevent the election of Martin Van Buren and both of them failed in their goal.
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Thum, Jasmine A. "Resiliency of a perpetual optimist: neurosurgeon Dr. Linda Liau." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 3 (2021): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20954.
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It is not possible to capture all the depth that composes Dr. Linda Liau: chair of the Neurosurgery Department at the University of California, Los Angeles; second woman to chair a neurosurgery program in the United States; first woman to chair the American Board of Neurological Surgery; first woman president of the Western Neurosurgical Society; and one of only a handful of neurosurgeons elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Her childhood and family history alone could fascinate several chapters of her life’s biography. Nonetheless, this brief biography hopes to capture the challenges, triumphs, cultural norms, and spirit that have shaped Dr. Liau’s experience as a successful leader, scientist, and neurosurgeon. This is a rare story. It describes the rise of not only an immigrant within neurosurgery—not unlike other giants in the field, Drs. Robert Spetzler, Jacques Marcos, Ossama Al-Mefty, and a handful of other contemporaries—but also another type of minority in neurosurgery: a woman.
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Heideman, Paul M. "Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918, Jeffrey B. Perry, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009." Historical Materialism 21, no. 3 (2013): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341315.
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AbstractJeffrey B. Perry’s biography of Hubert Harrison restores the legacy of a central figure in the history of Black radicalism. Though largely forgotten today, Harrison was acknowledged by his early-twentieth-century peers as ‘the father of Harlem radicalism’. Author of pioneering analyses of white supremacy’s role in American capitalism, proponent of armed self-defence among African-Americans, and anti-colonial intellectual, Harrison played a central role in the development of Black politics in the United States. This review traces Harrison’s journey from socialist organiser to Black nationalist, considering its implications for the history of American radicalism.
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Gourley, B. T. "The Story of Baptists in the United States. By Pamela R. and Keith E. Durso. Brentwood, Tenn.: Baptist History and Heritage Society, 2006. 224 pp. $29.95 paper." Journal of Church and State 48, no. 4 (2006): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/48.4.891.
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Varão, Rafiza. "A first glance at the work of Dorothy Blumenstock Jones." Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación 12, no. 2 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medcom.19325.
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Despite having occupied an important position in the United States Office of War Information (OWI) and having actively participated in a decisive period of Communication Research, Dorothy Blumenstock Jones is a name almost forgotten in the history of the field of communication. All we know about her biography is like some puzzle pieces, although she made significant contributions to the study of movies in the 20th century. This paper seeks to portray not only biographical data about Jones but especially to map her work and its proposals related to the development of film analysis and content analysis - and to place her on the list of pioneers of communication studies.
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Carroll, Michael P. "How the Irish Became Protestant in America." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 16, no. 1 (2006): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.25.
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AbstractIt often comes as a surprise to learn that most contemporary Americans who think of themselves as “Irish” are, in fact, Protestant, not Catholic. While commentators generally agree that these Protestant Irish-Americans are descended mainly from the Irish who settled in the United States prior to the Famine, the story of how they became the Protestants they are is—this article argues—more complicated than first appears. To understand that story, however, one must correct for two historiographical biases. The first has to do with the presumed religiosity of the so-called “Scotch-Irish” in the pre-Famine period; the second involves taking “being Irish” into account in the post-Famine period only with dealing with Catholics, not Protestants. Once these biases are corrected, however, it becomes possible to develop an argument that simultaneously does two things: it provides a new perspective on the contribution made by the Irish (generally) to the rise of the Methodists and Baptists in the early nineteenth century, and it helps us to understand why so many American Protestants continue to retain an Irish identity despite the fact that their link to Ireland is now almost two centuries in the past.
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DeJong-Lambert, William. "“…this Brazilian venture…” A brief biography of Theodosius Dobzhansky before he arrived in Brazil." Filosofia e História da Biologia 15, no. 2 (2020): 257–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-6224v15i2p257-289.
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This paper describes life and career of Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) until he arrived in Brazil in 1943. During his years in Russia, Dobzhansky began his entomology studies and undertook research expeditions to Central Asia to study livestock, which focused on speciation biology. Once he arrived in the United States Dobzhansky began working with Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) at Columbia University. Once Morgan relocated to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Dobzhansky started collaborating with his colleague, Alfred Henry Sturtevant (1891-1970), on studies of a wild cousin of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura. Dobzhansky and Sturtevant’s friendship and collaboration suffered due to several factors, including most importantly, their differing approaches to Drosophila pseudoobscura as influenced by their different conceptions of the purpose of their work. While Sturtevant studied the flies using the same techniques as his studies of the domestic Drosophila melanogaster, Dobzhansky studied Drosophila pseudoobscura in the field considering his broader dictum that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”
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Ichsani, Andina, Zainal Rafli, and Nuruddin Nuruddin. "The Contributions in Education through Literature (A Narrative Inquiry Study of Prof. Toni Morrison in The United States of America)." Loquen: English Studies Journal 11, no. 02 (2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/loquen.v11i02.1277.
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Abstract: Biography consists of life’s story in a unique record form, a narrative impulse, establishes the importance of stories, and provides an open illustrative example of the analysis of an adult learner's story. This paper provides a step-by-step account of how a researcher conducted a narrative research study analysis and developed an organizational structure useful for other qualitative researchers. Prof.Toni Morrison as purposeful sampling is widely recognized as a first lady of literature in American’s prominent novelist, who magnificently explores the minority life of the black people identity to the surface in The United States of America, especially that of black women story. Her Nobel Prize Lecture, in which she consistence tells a story of a black woman, history of slavery, racism, post colonialism, and education rights for all. Her life story and contributions in education through literature space can be regarded as a shaper of Prof. Morrison’s today and the look of education equality. In her 85th she is still teaching, being mother, and continue writing as her passions. Several interviews dialogue between the journalists through her novels and the young people is full of inspirational stories, wisdom and profoundness. Her life story is indeed worth to learn as a study material especially in English Language and Literature proficiency.
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Ángeles Díaz, Sofía Beatriz, and Marlene Celia Solís Pérez. "Periodismo transfronterizo: Trayectorias y procesos de identificación laboral en Tijuana, México, y San Diego, Estados Unidos." Frontera norte 31 (January 1, 2019): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2066.
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The purpose of this article was to analyze the work-related biography of a group of journalists working across the border between Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, United States. The discussion focuses on the influence of the nature of journalism on the configuration of the professional identities of ten journalists interviewed during the second half of 2015. Based on an analysis of work-related trajectories and forms of identification, we found that multiple activities and independent work are two strategies used by cross-border journalists to stay active in the field, but also as areas of rupture with the profession. This exploratory study brings new questions to the analysis of professions, and particularly journalism, in complex contexts such as the Mexico-U.S. border.
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Tarascio, Vincent J. "An Intellectual Autobiography." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 21, no. 1 (1999): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200002844.
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Although this essay is essentially an intellectual biography, personal experiences have influenced my career as an economist and historian of economic thought. For this reason, I shall devote some space to these experiences before turning to the main topic.My parents migrated from Sicily to the United States prior to the First World War; met and then married in this country and eventually settled in Hartford, Connecticut. I was conceived in 1929, the year of the Great Crash and born the following year at the onset of the Great Depression. However, for my family our economic depression had begun in 1929, when my father was seriously injured at a construction site and spent the next 8 months hospitalized, leaving my mother, who was pregnant with me, and my two siblings, without any means of support.
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King-White, Ryan. "Danny Almonte: Discursive Construction(s) of (Im)migrant Citizenship in Neoliberal America." Sociology of Sport Journal 27, no. 2 (2010): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.2.178.
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In this project I will trace former Little League Baseball star, Danny Almonte’s, celebrity identity and flexible citizenship with particular regard to the way that he has been used as both an exemplary Dominican immigrant and later a cautionary tale. As such this critical biography of Almonte’s rise and fall in American popular culture—informed by Henry Giroux’s extensive theorizing on youth culture, Ong’s concept of flexible citizenship, and Steven Jackson’s understanding of “twisting”—will critically interrogate the mediated discourses used to describe, define, and make Almonte into a symbol of a (stereo)typical Dominican male. In accordance with contemporaneous hyper-conservative and neoliberal rhetoric pervasive throughout the United States, I posit the notion that Almonte’s contested celebrity was formulated within the popular media as the embodiment of the minority “assault” on white privilege.
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Schwanebeck, Wieland. "A Self-Made Man: Hard Times and the Dickensian Impostor." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 67, no. 4 (2019): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2019-0027.
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Abstract This essay examines the impostor trope within the works of Charles Dickens, focusing on the example of Josiah Bounderby, the villain of Hard Times (1854), in particular. As a product of the Victorian age’s obsession with character-building and the spirit of industriousness as epitomised in the work of Samuel Smiles, Bounderby not only embodies much of what Dickens found objectionable about utilitarian thought but also a number of tropes that were and remain crucial to the cultural imaginary of the United States (even though Hard Times only briefly alludes to America). As a charismatic rogue who tinkers with his own biography, Bounderby foreshadows the coming of the impostor in turn-of-the-century European literature, an aspect of Hard Times that has so far been overlooked in critical accounts of the novel.
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Weissman, Terri. "Whose Streets? Police Violence and the Recorded Image." Arts 8, no. 4 (2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8040155.
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This essay reframes street photography in terms of the images and videos taken by bystanders who find themselves witness to egregious acts of state-sanctioned police violence against black and brown bodies in the United States. Along the way, it challenges the belief that bystanders are “innocent” observers and investigates the meaning of “evidence” and the role of representation in order to argue for a model of seeing that can simultaneously reveal moments of ongoing racial debilitation and work to create new political subjects capable of transformative collective action. The goal is twofold: (1) to disrupt a history of photography—and more specifically a history of street photography—that emphasizes innovation, biography, and universal experience; and (2) to reorient what it means to discuss the politics of the image (in particular, the digital “documentary” image) away from a discourse that either privileges “uncertainty” or understands images as empty simulations, and toward one that acknowledges representation’s complexity but also its ongoing power. In the United States, we may never be able to tell a story in and about public space without replaying scenes of violence and targeted assault, but this essay argues that finding ways to let voices and images from the past—both tragic and redemptive—resonate in the present and speak to us in the future, may provide some way forward.
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Kunieda, Mari. "Umeko Tsuda: a Pioneer in Higher Education for Women in Japan." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 7, no. 2 (2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.313.
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This article explores the life and achievements of Umeko Tsuda, who played a pioneering role in higher education for women in Japan in the early twentieth century. In 1871, the Japanese government sent five girls to the United States to study. They were expected to become models for Japanese women when they returned. Six-year-old Umeko Tsuda was the youngest among them, and she remained in the United States for eleven years until she had graduated from high school. We trace her steps historically in order to highlight the experiences which drove her to work to raise women’s status in Japan. The first biography of her, by Toshikazu Yoshikawa, was reviewed by Umeko herself, and in the years since other researchers have analysed Umeko’s life from various viewpoints. Umeko’s writings, speeches, and correspondence with her American host family and friends also reveal her thoughts. As an early female returnee, Umeko developed her ideas of what schools for women should be like. With the moral and financial support of close American and Japanese friends, Umeko started her ideal school in 1900 with only ten students. This Tokyo school was the first private institution for higher education for women in Japan. Thus, Umeko’s determination to help Japanese women become more educated and happier was the foundation of Tsuda University, now offering BAs, MAs, and PhDs in a variety of programmes in Tokyo.
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Friedland, Judith. "Thomas Bessell Kidner and the Development of Occupational Therapy in the United Kingdom: Establishing the Links." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 70, no. 7 (2007): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260707000704.
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This historical research describes the life and work of Thomas Bessell Kidner (1866-1932). The purpose of the article is threefold: to describe Kidner's British heritage, to suggest how Kidner's background may have influenced his contributions to the early development of the profession, and to examine how Kidner's contributions have influenced practice. Using methods appropriate to interpretive biography, primary and secondary source materials have been gathered and analysed relating to Kidner's education and early work experiences in England; his work in Canada, teaching manual training and as Vocational Secretary during the First World War; and his time in the United States, with particular reference to his role with the American Occupational Therapy Association. The analysis suggests that Kidner brought the ideology of educational reform, as manifested in manual training, into occupational therapy and that this work provided a foundation for his approach to the treatment of injured soldiers. Kidner's efforts to help the profession to survive and expand after the war, with the consequent alignment with medicine, are also highlighted. His contact with the profession and with key individuals, such as Elizabeth Casson, in the United Kingdom is also explored. Finally, Kidner's contributions are considered in the light of how the profession might have developed had circumstances been different.
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Galella, Donatella. "Being in “The Room Where it Happens”:Hamilton, Obama, and Nationalist Neoliberal Multicultural Inclusion." Theatre Survey 59, no. 3 (2018): 363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557418000303.
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The two white male cosponsors, a Democrat and a Republican, dressed as King George and Hamilton, respectively, as they rapped the resolution in the state senate. InHamilton, chief creator Lin-Manuel Miranda stakes out space for an immigrant from the Caribbean who was in the room where the United States of America was founded. Based on Ron Chernow's biography,Hamiltonfollows the struggles and successes of Alexander Hamilton in a story largely told by his nemesis, Aaron Burr. The musical opened Off-Broadway at the Public Theater in 2015 and subsequently moved to Broadway. With its Founders Chic historical approach, hip-hop aesthetic, and multiracial cast, this Broadway blockbuster has earned substantial commercial and critical acclaim from across the political spectrum. Former President Barack Obama joked, “Hamilton, I'm pretty sure, is the only thing Dick Cheney and I agree on.”