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1
Zamord, Christophe. "Témoins de Jéhovah : résistance et compromis : étude comparative : États-Unis, Barbade, Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0442/document.
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Depuis leur fondation en 1870, les Témoins de Jéhovah ont connu une croissance spectaculaire jusqu’en 1995, dans les pays dont la religion dominante est le christianisme. Puis, un ralentissement progressif de leur croissance a été constaté au milieu des années 1990, en particulier dans les pays industrialisés. Par ailleurs, leur croissance a connu un succès inégal d’un pays à l’autre. Ainsi, en 2017, il y avait un Témoin de Jéhovah pour 50 habitants en Guadeloupe, un Témoin pour 112 habitants à la Barbade et un Témoin pour 263 habitants aux Etats-Unis. La présente recherche doctorale a étudié plusieurs facteurs de croissance, en empruntant les concepts des sociologues états-uniens Ryan Cragun et Ronald Lawson ainsi Rodney Stark et Lawrence Iannacone liant la croissance d’un groupe religieux à l’interaction entre l’offre religieuse qui est la sienne et la demande religieuse du pays où il s’est implanté. Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée passant en revue l’histoire et l’évolution de ce mouvement religieux. Puis, une méthode qualitative a été adoptée, à travers des entretiens menés auprès de dizaines de Témoins au cours de plusieurs années ainsi qu’une observation participante, afin de mieux connaître le mouvement, ses doctrines mais aussi la motivation des fidèles. Ensuite, une méthode quantitative a été appliquée à travers une enquête menée auprès de centaines de Témoins de Jéhovah à la Barbade en Guadeloupe et aux États-Unis d’Amérique. Les spécificités de ces trois pays expliquent en partie la différence de croissance constatées au sein du groupe religieux étudiéSince their founding in 1870, Jehovah's Witnesses have experienced spectacular growth until 1995, in the country where Christianity predominates. A gradual slowdown in growth was then observed, particularly in the industrialized countries in the mid-1990s. Moreover, their growth has been successfully imbalanced from one country to another. Thus, in 2017, there was a Jehovah's Witness for 50 people in Guadeloupe, one for 112 people in Barbados and one for 263 in the United States.This PhD thesis examines several growth factors, borrowing from the concepts of American sociologists Ryan Cragun and Ronald Lawson as well as Rodney Stark and Lawrence Iannacone, linking the growth of a religious group to the interaction between religious offerings and religious demand. in the country where the religious group settled. A literature search was conducted to examine the history and evolution of this religious movement. In addition to that, a qualitative method was adopted in interviews with dozens of Witnesses over several years and with participant observation, in order to better understand the movement, its doctrines, but also the motivations of the members. Then, a quantitative method was applied to a survey of hundreds of Jehovah's Witnesses in Barbados, in Guadeloupe and the United States of America. The specificities of these three countries partly explain the differences in growth observed in the religious group studied
Depi fondasyon yo nan lane 1870, Temwen Jewova yo te gen yon kwasans espektakilè jiska 1995, nan peyi kote dominasyon relijyon se krisyanis la. Lè sa a, yon ralentissement gradyèl nan kwasans yo te obsève patikilyèman nan peyi yo endistriyalize nan mitan ane 1990 yo. Anplis, li te kwasans yo te dezekilibre siksè soti nan yon peyi a yon lòt. Kidonk, nan 2017, te gen yon Temwen Jewova pou 50 moun nan Gwadloup, yon Temwen pou 112 moun nan Barbad ak yon Temwen pou 263 moun nan Etazini yo.Rechèch doktora prezan an etidye plizyè faktè kwasans, prete konsèp sosyolojis ameriken Ryan Cragun ak Ronald Lawson ak Rodney Stark ak Lawrence Iannacone ki lye kwasans yon gwoup relijye nan entèraksyon ant òf relijye ki se li ak demann relijye nan peyi kote li te etabli tèt li. Yon rechèch literati te fèt revize istwa a ak evolisyon sa a mouvman relijye yo. Answit, yo te adopte yon metòd kalitatif, nan entèvyou ak plizyè douzèn Temwen sou plizyè ane ak yon obsèvasyon patisipan, pou pi byen konprann mouvman an, doktrin li yo, men tou motivasyon fidèl yo. Lè sa a, yon metòd quantitative te aplike nan yon sondaj sou dè santèn de Temwen Jewova nan Barbad nan Gwadloup ak nan Etazini. Espesifikite yo nan twa peyi sa yo eksplike an pati diferans nan kwasans obsève nan gwoup relijye etidye
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Lance, Sophie. "Circulation de fluides dans le prisme de la barbade : role des manifestations argilocinetiques." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066641.
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Les volcans de boue ou structures argilocinetiques sont liees a des manifestations d'expulsion de fluides produits par un exces de pression de fluide en profondeur. Differentes manifestations de sorties de fluides telles que les concretions carbonatees, les clams et les buissons d'eponges ont ete observees sur toutes les structures etudiees. Nous avons demontre que ces manifestations de sorties de fluides sont en fait liees a un systeme de convection superficielle ou les hydrates de methane jouent un role important. Deux types de structures ont ete particulierement etudie: les diatremes et les diapirs. Les diatremes sont des structures plates dont la morphologie s'explique par l'expulsion d'une boue fluide dans la partie centrale appelee il. Du fluide riche en methane est advecte a travers la couche superficielle tandis qu'en dessous de cette couche la boue fluide convecte. La surface de l'il est mecaniquement instable et est renouvelee periodiquement. Dans un diapir, le sommet plat, qui couvre moins de 10% de la surface totale, est le lieu de sorties actives de fluides. Il n'y a pas de boue fluide au centre. Un systeme de double circulation de fluides a travers des conduits a permeabilite elevee permet l'installation de la chaine trophique. L'etude geochimique a montre qu'une des sources possible pour ces fluides a faible chlorinite et enrichis en methane correspond a la dissociation des hydrates de methane en profondeur provoquee par la circulation d'un fluide chaud le long du decollement. La liberation d'eau contribue a fluidiser la boue (formation d'un diatreme) et celle de methane a diminuer sa densite (formation d'un diapir)
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Réno, Fred. "L'Exportation de modèles d'administration opposés le cas de la Barbade et de la Martinique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376092859.
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Réno, Fred. "L’exportation de modèles d'administration opposés : le cas de la Barbade et de la Martinique." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010261.
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Quel role les etats anglais et francais ont joue dans le fonctionnement et le developpement des societes caribeennes de la barbade et de la martinique? cette question peut trouver une reponse a travers l'etude comparative des relations entre l'instance locale de l'etatl'administration- et la societe dans laquelle cette instance a ete implantee. La recherche que nous avons menee, s'etend sur une periode qui va de 1946 a la fin des annees soixante. Au cours de cette periode charniere, l'opposition entre les modeles d'administration exportes dans les deux iles va se cristalliser et influencer la trajectoire suivie par les deux societes. Pour comprendre les changements qui affectent ces contrees ultra- marines, il nous a semble necessaire de construire une variable qui tienne compte d'une part de l'intervention specifique du centre anglais et du centre francais, d'autre part de la reaction des societes locales a cette intervention dans le cadre de relations coloniales singulieres. Cette variable, nous l'avons appele type de colonialisme. Face au centre, la peripherie dispose de plusieurs "armes" parmi les- quelles le clientelisme, la reaction nationalitaire et la mobilisation. Cependant, l'utilisation de ces "armes" ainsi que leur portee dans l'echange centre-peripherie sont fortement liees aux modeles d'administration exportes par les anglais et les francais a la barbade et a la martinique.
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Padron, de Carrillo Crelia. "Les interactions « tectonique et sédimentation » entre le front du prisme de la Barbade et le delta de l’Orénoque." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10137.
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Ce manuscrit résume des travaux de recherche effectués durant mon travail de thèse qui s'est déroulé en plusieurs étapes. La première partie de ce travail a consisté en une interprétation de l'ensemble des données sismiques disponibles documentant la zone Sud du Prisme de la Barbade*. La deuxième partie, a consisté à analyser la déformation (étude structurale et cinématique) du sud du Prisme de la Barbade et la dernière partie a été consacrée à l'analyse des structures profondes. La problématique abordée dans le cadre de cette thèse a porté sur l'étude des structures géologiques développées en domaine sous-marin et fortement dépendantes de la sédimentation. Ces structures concernent à la fois des zones compressives et des zones extensives. Nous avons tenté de définir les liens génétiques entre la nature et l’architecture des dépôts, et la géométrie et le développement des structures, ceci à partir de l’interprétation des données acquises lors de la Campagne CARAMBA, des profils des campagnes VEN et AN, et de deux forages situés sur la plate-forme. L’analyse sismostratigraphique nous a permis d’identifier sept unités sismiques qui ont été repérées sur la plate-forme et dans la partie sud du prisme de la Barbade, et de mieux comprendre la chronologie des événements et la cinématique de la déformation. La nature des dépôts (faciès sismiques), leur distribution, et leur migration au cours du temps apparaissent étroitement associés à la déformation. Le développement d’un réseau de chenaux, le volcanisme de boue, et la localisation des zones d'érosion ont constitué d’autres éléments pour préciser l’évolution tectono-sédimentaire. Ceci a permis de distinguer 2 grandes zones distinctes (1 et 2) à partir de l'analyse des faciès sismiques. L'essentiel des zones d'érosion ont été identifiées dans la zone 1. Ces érosions sont à relier à l’activation des structures internes (jeux des failles très forts) et à l'activité du volcanisme de boue. Les dépôts « chaotiques » (coulées de boue, glissements en masse) qui jalonnent la faille 5, participent à l’érosion et alimentent la sédimentation plus au nord. La distribution des chenaux est induite par l’hydrodynamisme des pentes (foresets) du delta de l'Orénoque, puis contrôlée par la déformation progressive du prisme d'accrétion. A partir de l'étude structurale, nous avons proposé que la déformation migre du nord-est vers le Sud-Ouest à raison d'environ 0. 7 cm/an, depuis le Pléistocène. Par ailleurs, nous avons constaté que l’orientation de ces structures superficielles est indépendante des structures profondes. D’après les mécanismes au foyer et l’orientation des contraintes associées, les déformations profondes sont opposées à celles analysées en surface. L'épaisseur de la croûte continentale tend à augmenter vers le SE en même temps que l'épaisseur de la couverture sédimentaire tend à se réduire. L’activité des failles de la plate-forme crétacée a joué un rôle important dans la création d'espace d'accommodation pour les dépôts sédimentairesThis manuscript summarises the research work performed during this thesis, which composed of several parts. The first part, consist of an interpretation of seismic data available documenting the Southern zone of the Prism of Barbados. The second part, consist of an analysis of the deformation (structural study and kinematics) and the last part contains the analysis of the underlying structures. The approach used in this work attempts to analyse geological structures developed underwater and strongly dependent on sedimentation. These structures are formed in compressive and extensive domaines. We tried to define the genetic bonds between the nature and the architecture of the deposits and the geometry and the development of the structures, from data interpretation gathered at the time of CARAMBA survey, of the profiles of surveys VEN and AN, and two drillings located on the platform. The sismostratigraphic analysis enabled us to identify seven seismic units which were located on the platform and in the southern part of the prism of Barbados, and to understand the chronology of the events and the kinematics of deformation. The nature of the deposits (seismic facies), their distribution, and their migration in the course of time appears closely associated with deformation. The development of a network of channels, shale-diapirism, and the localization of the erosion zones constituted other elements to specify the tectono-sedimentary evolution. This permited to identifie deux zones (1 & 2) from seismic facies analysis. Essentially, the majority of the erosion zones were identified in zone 1. These erosion zones are connected to the activation of the internal structures (very strong faults offset). The "chaotic" deposits (mud flows, slips in mass) which mark out fault 5, take part in erosion and feed sedimentation in north. The distribution of the channels is induced by the slopes hydrodynamism (foresets) of the Orenoque delta, and then is controled by the progressive deformation of acretionary prism. From structural study, we proposed that the deformation migrates towards southwest, at a rate of 0. 7cm /yr after Pleistocene. In addition, we are noted that structures profonds are independent of the surface structures. According to the focal mechanisms, the underlying structures are opposed to those analyzed on the surface. The thickness of the continental crust tends to abroad towards the SE at the same time as the thickness of sedimentary cover tends to be reduced. The activity of the faults of the cretaceous platform played an important part in space creation for the sedimentary cover
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Monceau, Karine. "Biologie des populations de tourterelles à queue carrée sur l'île de la Barbade : apports de l'outil moléculaire." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS048.
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Jusqu'à présent, aucun outil moléculaire n'était disponible pour la Tourterelle à queue carrée, Zenaida aurita (à l'exception près de données de séquençage mitochondrial). Afin de pouvoir sexer aussi bien les adultes que les juvéniles et estimer la diversité génétique au sein de nos individus, des marqueurs génétique du sexe et des microsatellites ont respectivement été testés et développés. Ainsi, par l'utilisation de ces outils, et avec l'appui des données morphométriques recueillies lors du baguage des individus, plusieurs aspects de la biologie des populations de tourterelles à queue carrée de la Barbade ont pu être étudiés ou précisés. Dans l'ensemble, l'accession à des marqueurs de type microsatellites permet d'élargir le champ des investigations potentiellement envisageables chez la tourterelle à queue carrée notamment en génétique des populations. Toutefois, pour certains aspects, le développement de marqueurs sélectionnés, par exemple pour le CMH (Complexe Majeur d’Histocompatibilité), devra être envisagéSo far, no molecular tool was available in Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita (with the exception of mitochondrial sequence data). In order to sex both adults and juveniles, and to estimate the genetic diversity of birds, sex markers and microsatellites have each been tested and developed. Thus, through using these tools, and with the support of morphometric data collected during banding, it has become possible to address a set of questions about population biology of Zenaida doves in Barbados. Overall, the use of microsatellite markers opens interesting perspectives in population genetics for Zenaida doves. However, for some particular considerations, the development of selected markers, such as MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex), should be considered
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Deville, Eric. "DYNAMIQUE DES PRISMES OROGÉNIQUES, LE RÔLE DES FLUIDES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751962.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce dossier présenté pour l'obtention d'une Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR) concernent le rôle des fluides dans les prismes orogéniques. L'exposé s'organise autour de trois approches, (1) une approche intégrée sur des chantiers emblématiques: un prisme d'accrétion mature (le prisme de la Barbade) et une chaîne de collision (les Alpes occidentales), (2) une approche méthodologique, et (3) une approche thématique sur des processus mal connus. On présente ainsi les problèmes de structure et de dynamique des orogènes convergents depuis la subduction (exemple Barbade), jusqu'à la collision (exemple Alpes). On montre également quelques illustrations des apports de la modélisation analogique et numérique à la compréhension des systèmes orogéniques et on présente des outils de calibration de l'histoire thermique dans ce type de contexte. Enfin, on discute des connaissances et des lacunes concernant les régimes de pression, la dynamique des fluides et les aspects mobilisation sédimentaire. Quelques interrogations et voies de réflexion sont présentées à propos des interactions fluides et évolution rhéologique des prismes orogéniques, avant de déboucher sur un bilan des travaux et des perspectives de recherche.
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Massé, Laurent. "Sédimentation océanique profonde au quaternaire : flux sédimentés et paléocirculations dans l'Atlantique Sud-Ouest : bassin Sud-brésilien et prisme d'accrétion sud-Barbade." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10524.
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Des etudes sedimentologiques et geochimiques detaillees ont ete effectuees sur des prelevements realises dans les zones profondes de deux domaines oceaniques de l'atlantique ouest. Elles montrent que l'importance relative des facteurs controlant la repartition des flux sedimentes varie en fonction de l'aire geographique consideree. Le role de la morphologie et des variations climatiques est preferentiellement marque au niveau du prisme sud-barbade. En revanche, les circulations profondes, et en particulier l'antarctic bottom water en provenance des hautes latitudes sud, jouent un role majeur dans le bassin sud-bresilien. Une reconstitution paleohydrologique montre que les periodes d'intensification des circulations liees a cette masse d'eau montrent des liens complexes avec les changements climatiques globaux (periodes glaciaires et interglaciaires)
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Salmon, Jean-Michel. "Chômage et politique économique dans les petites économies insulaires en développement : théorie et application à La Barbade, Trinidad et Tobago et l'Ile Maurice." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010008.
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Les petites économies insulaires en développement (PEID) sont constituées d'un groupe d'iles dont la population est inférieure au million d'habitants et dont la superficie est le plus souvent réduite. À cette taille, s'ajoute la contrainte d'une accessibilité coûteuse, expliquée par l'éloignement ainsi que les ruptures de charge impliquées par l'inssularité. La conjonction de la petite taille et de la mauvaise accessibilité produit des effets synergiques à l'origine de caratérisiques structurelles bien identifiées et spécifiques aux PEID. Il s'agit notamment de la faiblesse des économies d'agglomération et de l'impossibilité de produire en grandes séries pour bénéficier d'économies d'échelle importantes ; la forte ouverture extérieure, qui va souvent de pair avec la concentration des exportantes de marchandises ; la spécialisation dans l'exportation de services. Ces caractéristiques constituent un sensemble d'atouts et de contraintes pour la croissance et le développement, dont le résultat net n'est pas clair. Ainsi, les rythmes de croissance que connaissent les PEID ne semblent pas inférieurs à ceux de plus grands pays en développement, et leur niveau est le plus souvent intermédiaire. Cepentant, la spécificité des PEID réside dans l'étroitesse des marges de manoeuvre de la politique économique. Celle-ci apparait notamment innefficace face au problème du chômage. L'une des principales particularités osbervables dans les PEID concerne en effet leur taux de chômage qui atteint dans la plupart des cas un niveau durablement élevé. L'analyse vise à mettre en évidence les déterminants de ce chômage, en, s'appuyant sur un bilan des théories contemporaines du chômage et des analyses de l'emploi dans la théorie du développement. Un modèle économétrique à vecteurs auto-régressifs est notamment appliqué à la dynamique du coût unitaire du travail et de l'emploi à Barbade, Tinidad et Tobago et l'Ile Maurice. Il est montré que les modèles classiques et keynesiens sont pertinents, selon le niveau de revenu de l'économie. Dans les PEID à revenu inférieur, le faible niveau des salaires peut autoriser une dynamique classique de deéveloppent tire par les exportations, qui elle-même entraîne une réduction de l'excédent de main-d'oeuvre. Dans les PEIDS à revenu supérieur cette stratégie ne peut être poursuivie du fait du niveau des salaires. Le moteur de la croissance réside alors dans l'exploitation d'une rente ou l'exportation de services en conséquence, le régime macroéconomique est keynesien ou mixteThe small island developing countries (SIDC) have a small population of less than one million inhabitants and a small area. The long distance to the main economic markets and the characteristics of insularity lead to a costly accessibility. The conjunction of small size and bad accessibility brings about stynergetic effects at the orign of specific structural features of SIDC. For example, the small volume of production prevents the gains associated with scale economies ; a strong openness with high concentration of exports ; specialisation in tradable services. . . The growth impact of these particularities is not clear: the growth rate of SIDC is not inferior to that of other developing countries, and most often they belong to the middle income range. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of economic policy in SIDC is subject ot some limits : in particular, structural unemployment is very high in most islands. The aim of our analysis is to find out the determinants of unemployment in these islands. The recent theories of unemployment in developed countries and the treatment of employment in the development litterature are surveyed. An econometric model with autoregressive vectors is applied to the dynamics of the init cost of labor and the employment in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritus. It is shown that in small income SIDC, the economy can follow the first stage of export-led development. In higher income SIDC, the high level of wages prevents this strategy, and growth can be explained by services exports or primary rent exports, and influenced by strong keynesian forces
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Endignoux, Lionel. "Une modélisation numérique de l'évolution cinématique et thermique des structures chevauchantes : application à l'équilibrage des coupes géologiques (Apennin, Appalaches, Jura, prisme de la Barbade)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564581.
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Dans la première partie de cette thèse, une simulation numérique 2D de la formation des structures chevauchantes est proposée. Elle repose sur les hypothèses des coupes équilibrées (conservation du volume dans le plan de coupe parallèle à la direction de transport) avec un plissement isopaque. Chaque coupe équilibrée est construite directement à partir de la géométrie initiale des chevauchements, du raccourcissement et de la cinématique des chevauchement. Ces paramètres initiaux du calcul sont ensuite modifiés par essai et erreur de façon à ajuster la géométrie finale calculée sur les observations géologiques. L'application informatique de ces hypothèses a été rendue possible par l'écriture d'un programme appelé CICERON. Ce modèle permet de simuler des déplacements importants le long de discontinuités cinématiques. Il a été utilisé sur deux types de structures impliquant: 1) seulement la couverture sédimentaire (Jura, Appalaches, prisme de la Barbade); 2) à la fois le socle et la couverture sédimentaire (Appenin du Sud). Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, l'évolution de la température pendant la formation d'une structure chevauchante est simulée numériquement grâce avec la méthode des éléments finis. A chaque incrément de déplacement sur le chevauchement, le maillage calculé par le mailleur MODULEF s'appuie sur les géométries fournies par le programme CICERON. L'étude détaillée des résultats de cette modélisation thermique montre que les transferts horizontaux conductifs de chaleur sont importants et accélèrent la mise à l'équilibre thermique de telles structures.
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Chennouf, Touria. "La Terminaison sud de la ride de la Barbade : marge active des petites Antilles : étude des relations tectonique-sédimentation par application de la stratigraphie sismique /." Paris : Technip, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349781213.
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Machon, Marie-Claude. "Femmes et developpement : problématiques de l'éducation des femmes, dans la Caraibe anglophone, à la Jamaique, à la Barbade et à la Trinité et Tobago, au début du XXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040135.
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Les chiffres sur la participation et les résultats scolaires sont nettement à l’avantage des filles dans les îles anglophones de la Caraïbe, à l’inverse de ce qui se passe dans les pays dits en voie de développement, à l’exception de l’Amérique latine. L’écart entre les deux sexes est tel qu’une théorie, née il y a une vingtaine d’années, sur la marginalisation des garçons continue à alimenter les débats. En dépit du sentiment que les filles et les femmes sont en passe de prendre le dessus, une analyse de la situation globale de la société caribéenne, révèle la contradiction des inégalités qui persistent à leur détriment, dans le monde économique, professionnel et politique. La situation révèle les limites du rôle de l’éducation mais aussi les failles du système hérité du colonialisme et la valence différentielle des sexes. Les politiques de développement dans la Caraïbe, doivent intégrer la dimension du genre. Elles ne peuvent pas non plus ignorer les perspectives que pourrait lui offrir un leadership féminin en train de s’affirmerThe Caribbean school system reveals a gender gap in favour of girls and a reverse trend from other developing countries, except in Latin America. Girls outperform boys at all levels in term of academic success as well as attendance, to a point that the boys’ underachievement and under-attendance as well as repetitions at school are of a growing concern for governments in the region and have brought about a controversial theory about the marginalization of boys and men. Despite the general feeling that boys are being threatened by the empowerment of women, a detailed analysis of their situation shows the contradiction of the discrimination women still face locally in the economic, professional and political world. The situation bears evidence to the limitations of education and the failings of a post-colonial system as well as gender differentials. Can Caribbean development policies privilege gender mainstreaming so as to tap the potential of both men and women, while women should be viewed as equal agents of development?
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Harmoy-Durofil, Héloïse. "Chefs et officiers barbares dans la militia armata ( IVe - VIe siècle)." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2028/document.
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Cette recherche s'organise autour de trois points: tout d'abord nous allons nous intéresser au regard posé par nos sources sur ces individus. interroger l'identité de ces personnes autour du champ de l'ethnicité et la mettre en relation avec toutes ses variables, origine sociale entre autres ; il faudra également interroger l'opinion portée par les auteurs antiques sur la valeur militaire, les mœurs et les trahisons des chefs et officiers barbares de la militia armata. Une seconde partie envisagera en quoi les chefs et officiers barbares ou d'origine barbare font partie des élites de ma militia armata, et des élites de la société romaine de l'Antiquité tardive, pour les officiers principalement, et participent au renouvellement de celles-ci Une troisième partie s'intéressera au degré de participation des chefs et officiers barbares dans la militia armata de Constantin à Anastase, et ce, dans une continuité temporelle afin de mesurer les effets de la conjoncture historique sur le recrutement ethnique de la militia armata. Mais il faut aussi cerner les stratégies développées pour mener une carrière au scinde l'armée romaine et ainsi mieux comprendre la place qu'ils ont occupée au sein des états-majorsThis research is organized around three points she gaze by sources on the chiefs and officers of barbarian origin to query the identity of these characters around the ethnicity field and all its variables, social essentially A second part will consider how leaders and officers of barbarian origin are part of the elite of the army and the late Roman society and participate in the renewal thereof A third part will be interested in the degree of participation of barbarian chiefs and officers of barbarian origin in the militia armata from Constantine to Anastase , and in temporal continuity to measure the effects of the historical situation of ethnic recruitment of Roman army and to better understand the strategies developed to conduct a military career in the late Roman army
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Mann, Gary S. (Gary Seymour). "Distribution, abundance and life history of the reef coral Favia fragum (Esper) in Barbados : effects of eutrophication and of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Philippi)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68217.
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Effects of variation in eutrophication and in Diadema antillarum densities (grazing pressure) on the abundance and life history characteristics of Favia fragum on seven reefs along the west coast of Barbados were investigated. Densities of D. antillarum were negatively correlated with eutrophication levels, and interpretations of their effects have been made simultaneously. Abundance of F. fragum was lower on more eutrophic reefs with lower D. antillarum densities. This may result from effects of eutrophication and of D. antillarum on algal cover on reefs. Macrophytic algae were more abundant, and crustose coralline algae less abundant, on eutrophic reefs with lower D. antillarum densities; and macrophytic algal cover was negatively correlated with crustose coralline algal cover across reefs. F. fragum abundance was positively correlated with crustose coralline algal cover, and F. fragum occurred less frequently on reef areas where macrophytic algae were abundant. High eutrophication and low D. antillarum density (grazing pressure) may therefore reduce F. fragum abundance by increasing the cover of macrophytic algae relative to crustose coralline algae on reefs. Neither planulation periodicity, colony fecundity, nor polyp fecundity in F. fragum differed at different eutrophication levels and D. antillarum densities. Moreover, adult growth and adult mortality did not differ with eutrophication levels and D. antillarum densities on reefs. However, growth of juveniles appeared slower and mortality higher on eutrophic reefs with low D. antillarum densities. Moreover, larvae of F. fragum preferred to settle on crustose coralline algae than on turf algae (macrophytic algae), and the former are comparatively scarce on eutrophic reefs with low D. antillarum densities. The results suggest that the negative correlation between adult abundance of F. fragum and eutrophication levels/grazing pressure (D. antillarum densities) on Barbados reefs are caused primarily by effects
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Wittenberg, Mark. "Effects of eutrophication on juvenile scleractinian corals." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60552.
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This study investigates effects of eutrophication on settlement, abundance, mortality and community structure of soleractinian corals on fringing reefs on the west coast of Barbados, W.I. Juvenile abundance was lower, but juvenile size larger, on eutrophic than less eutrophic reefs. The lower abundance results at least in part from a higher juvenile mortality on eutrophic reefs. Algae were more abundant and grazers (Diadema antillarum and herbivorous fish) less abundant on eutrophic reefs. Juvenile community structure on all reefs, and adult community structure on eutrophic reefs, was dominated by type 1 corals (high recruitment, high natural mortality). Type 2 corals (low recruitment, low natural mortality) were common in adult communities on less eutrophic reefs. Settlement of coral recruits on artificial substrates was lower on more eutrophic reefs.
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Huang, Hsin-Hui 1976. "Geomorphologic investigations on karst terrain : a GIS-assisted case study on the island of Barbados." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101144.
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Maintaining a safe water supply is particularly crucial for karst islands such as Barbados. In order to take proper measures to prevent and reduce saltwater intrusion and to safely extract the right fraction of recharge, karst characteristics must first be fully understood. Geomorphologic investigations of karst surface features of the Porters & Trents groundwater catchments (Barbados) employed GIS technologies to explore the development and distribution of sinkhole features. Contour-based digital elevation models, surface geology, lithology, and remote sensing images were incorporated in this investigation. Seventy-six sinkholes were investigated and occupied approximately 1% (0.16 km2) of the total area (16.41 km2) under study. It was found that age of karstification is not related to age of a terrace. The middle terrace was the one found to be most karstified. Yet, degree of karstification within a terrace is age related. Also, cluster density increases with age of coral within the middle terrace. Density of sinkholes within a cluster also increases with age of coral within the middle terrace.Finally, this study shows that sinkhole long axis, cluster elongation direction, sinkhole alignment and karst lineament all have a tendency to a northeast alignment. This supports the idea that underlying coral rock fracture and conduits have a northeast orientation.
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Carpentier, Marion. "Composition chimique des sédiments entrant dans la zone de subduction des Petites Antilles." Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00187335.
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Les laves provenant de l'arc des Petites Antilles sont caractérisées par une grande variabilité chimique et leurs compositions isotopiques suggèrent une contribution variable de matériel crustal ancien dans leur genèse. L'arc des Petites Antilles est également caractérisé par une zonation chimique nord-sud, les laves des îles du sud présentant généralement des signatures isotopiques crustales plus fortes que celles des îles du nord. Nous avons tenté dans cette étude d'établir s'il existe des variations de la composition chimique des sédiments entrant en subduction le long de l'arc, et si d'éventuels changements de leur composition peuvent expliquer les variations chimiques observées au sein des laves. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une étude géochimique approfondie (majeurs, traces, isotopes du Sr, du Nd, de l'Hf et du Pb) du flux sédimentaire potentiellement entrant dans la zone de subduction à différentes latitudes. L'échantillonnage comprend des sédiments forés au niveau des sites 543 (nord de l'arc) et 144 (extrême sud de l'arc) lors des campagnes DSDP 78A et 14 respectivement, et des sédiments provenant de l'île de la Barbade (sud de l'arc). Les échantillons présentent une grande hétérogénéité lithologique correspondant globalement à un mélange en proportion variable entre une composante détritique et une composante biogénique (siliceuse ou carbonatée). De plus, au niveau du site 144, des niveaux très riches en matière organique (black shales) datant du Cénomanien supérieur au Santonien (~ 95 à 84 Ma) ont été forés. Ces formations correspondent à l'enregistrement des Oceanic Anoxic Events 2 et 3. Nous avons montré que la « dilution » variable de la fraction détritique par la composante biogénique est le facteur qui contrôle largement les variations de concentrations en éléments traces observées. De plus, nous avons révélé un enrichissement en U extrêmement important au sein des black shales du site 144. Les signatures isotopiques de l'Hf, du Nd et du Pb sont dominées par la composante détritique, alors que celle du Sr, dans le cas d'échantillons riches en carbonates est dominée par celle de l'eau de mer. Les sédiments des trois sites présentent des compositions isotopiques du Pb fortement radiogéniques par rapports aux sédiments océaniques « classiques », que nous avons associées à une forte contribution de matériel issu de l'altération des cratons guyanais et brésilien dans la composante détritique. De plus, la décroissance radioactive de l'U dans les black shales du site 144 a généré des rapports 206-207Pb/204Pb extrêmement radiogéniques.
Un mélange entre le manteau appauvri et les sédiments du site 543 reproduit les compositions isotopiques des laves de la partie nord de l'arc. Pour la partie sud de l'arc un mélange entre les sédiments les plus radiogéniques en Pb du site 144 et le manteau appauvri explique les compositions des laves des îles de la Martinique à Grenade. Une contribution croissante des black shales du nord vers le sud est nécessaire, et est de plus en accord avec l'augmentation du nord vers le sud de l'âge du plancher océanique subduit. Enfin, quelques sédiments de l'île de la Barbade présentent certaines caractéristiques compatibles avec leur implication dans la genèse des laves de la partie sud de l'arc.
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Webster, Sandra J. "Problem solving and neophobia in Passeriformes and Columbiformes of Barbados." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0031/MQ64478.pdf.
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Allard, Patrick 1968. "Changes in coral community structure in Barbados : effects of eutrophication and reduced grazing pressure." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68152.
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Multivariate ordination techniques were used to characterize the direction and magnitude of coral community changes on west coast reefs in Barbados between 1982 and 1992, and to relate these changes to coastal eutrophication and variation in Diadema antillarum densities (grazing pressure). D. antillarum densities were substantially lower in 1992 than in 1982, reflecting the 1983 mass mortality event. Reductions in urchin density were greater on less eutrophic reefs than eutrophic reefs. Cover by macrophytic algae increased, cover by crustose coralline algae decreased, and the number of coral species decreased between 1982 and 1992. With the notable exception of the most eutrophic reef, coral cover decreased over the 10 year period. Changes in algal cover across reefs between 1982 and 1992 were strongly correlated with decreases in D. antillarum densities, and were therefore typically greater on less eutrophic reefs, indicating that reduced grazing pressure has more strongly influenced algal cover changes than prevailing eutrophication levels. Coral species composition changed at all sites between 1982 and 1992, and except at the most eutrophic site, the direction of change was directly related to reduced D. antillarum densities and associated algal cover changes. Temporal change at the most eutrophic site was best explained by the prevailing high level of eutrophication, and resulted primarily from a substantial increase in the cover of one species, Porites porites. The decrease in coral cover that occurred on most of the study reefs in the face of the increasing cover by macrophytic algae was typically accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of Type 1 (high recruitment, high natural juvenile mortality) to Type 2 (low recruitment, low natural juvenile mortality) corals.
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Holmes, Katherine E. (Katherine Elizabeth). "The effects of eutrophication on clionid (Porifera) communities in Barbados, West Indies." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23896.
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Samples of Porites porites rubble were collected from across three fringing reefs which lie along a eutrophication gradient in Barbados, West Indies. The coral skeleton fragments were examined for clionid sponges. Data collected from the reef crest and fore reef zones and from across the range of distances and depths were pooled for each reef to compare indices of sponge abundance along the eutrophication gradient. Significant differences between the reefs were found for the proportion of rubble invaded (ANCOVA, p = 0.004), number of invasions per sample (ANCOVA, p = 0.002), and number of species per sample (ANCOVA, p = 0.018) but not for total surface area of sponge invasions per sample (ANCOVA, p = 0.064). All the indices demonstrated an increase with increasing eutrophication level. Clionids were found in nearly twice as many of the pieces collected from the most eutrophic site (41%) as from the least eutrophic (24%). Since clionids may be the principal bioeroders of coral reefs, an increase in their abundance due to excessive pollution likely results in greater bioerosion of affected reefs. The mean abundance of Type 3 corals was found to be positively related to the frequency of boring sponge invasion, suggesting that increased bioeroision may be partly responsible for community shifts toward Type 3 corals in polluted waters. One new variety and three new species of boring sponges of the genus Cliona were found. A new variety of C. amplicavata Rutzler is described, Cliona species 2 of MacGeachy is redescribed and Cliona species 4 and Cliona species 5 are described for the first time. Cliona species 5 may become an important bioeroder in Barbados and other Caribbean islands since it flourishes under high eutrophic conditions which are beginning to plague West Indian reefs. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Tomascik, Tomas. "The effects of eutrophication on the growth rates, reproductive potential and community structure of the inshore reef-building corals in Barbados, West Indies /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74000.
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Chauvot, Alain. "Opinions romaines face aux barbares au IVe siècle ap. J.-C. /." Paris : De Boccard, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36999832m.
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Youinou, Frédéric. "La présence barbare au Palais de l'Empereur romain (284-518) : immigrations et intégrations barbares dans les hautes sphères de l'Empire romain tardif." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES1007.
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L’Empire romain tardif des IIIe-VIe siècles connaît une forte immigration barbare, y compris au sein du Palais Sacré. Cette immigration s’accompagne d’une forme d’intégration qui varie au fil du temps: une «romanisation» désirée mais partielle de la fin du IIIe à la fin du IVe siècle : une «romanisation» totale mais rendue ambiguë par la concurrence d’un Christianisme divers au sein du monde antique, de la fin du IVe au milieu du siècle; une «romanisation» passée au second plan derrière un modèle intégrateur chrétien, du milieu du Ve au début du VIe siècleFrom the 3rd to the century, the Late Roman Empire faced a massive Barbarian immigration movement, even within the Sacrum Palatinum. That immigration wave brought with it a form of integration wbich evolved throughout time: a “Romanization” that was wanted but still remained partial and incomplete from the late 3rd century until the late 4th century; then from the late 4th century until the mid 5th century a full Romanization took place which was made ambiguous by the competition with Ancient Christianism; and finally a Romanization, regarded as a secondary matter because of the Christian integration pattern, occurred from the mid 5th to the early 6th century
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Corosine, Pétrus-Foucan Viviane. "L’évolution de l’imaginaire dans les sociétés Barbadienne et Trinidadienne de 1995 à nos jours : La musique, la danse et le contexte carnavalesque." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0681/document.
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Mondialisation et cultures populaires à Barbade et Trinidad (musique, Carnaval et danse) La culture caribéenne subit de plus en plus les assauts de la mondialisation. Et la question qui se pose concerne l'impact de la mondialisation sur la culture dans la région, c'est-à- dire le passage de la culture ethnique à la mondialisation. Au cours des siècles, le Caribéen, ce métis culturel, cet individu s'est façonné au contact d'influences diverses . Il faut attendre les années 1970 pour que la Barbade et Trinidad se forgent une nouvelle identité sous l'influence du Black Power venu des Etats - Unis et du mouvement Rastafari issu de la Jamaïque. Par ailleurs, l'influence de la télévision et de la musique américaine combinée aux migrations et aux effets de la mondialisation constitue des éléments majeurs à la formation de cette nouvelle identité. Aujourd 'hui après plus de cinquante ans d'indépendance, il y a une timide appréciation de la culture locale. Timide , parce qu'à radio, on entend plus de la musique internationale (américaine, anglais) que de musique locale (calypso, soca) saufpendant le Carnaval de Trinidad et le Crop Over de Barbade. Ce que regrettent les calypsoniens qui reprochent aux radios locales de ne diffuser cette musique que pendant cette période. De la musique caribéenne, les . jeunes de Barbade et de Trinidad plébiscitentures le reggae, la dancehall, le raggasoca, la musique soca. En fait, le calypso correspond à un moment de la vie. A Trinidad, la musique indienne joue un rôle important qui correspond à la population du pays. La musique de Rihanna, l'icône du moment n'a rien de caribéen. Mais son succès phénoménal à Barbade et ailleurs permet de mieux appréhender les facettes de l'identité caribéenne, en général et en particulier, celle de Barbadien et du Trinidadien. De nos jours, les nouvelles technologies accentuent les effets de la mondialisation et contribuent à l'émergence d'une « décréolisation » pour reprendre les termes de G. Létang et d'une nouvelle identitéGlobalization and popular cultures in Barbados and Trinidad Caribbean culture is under the influence ofglobalization. The question is here the impact ofglobalization on the culture in the region . Through centuries the Caribbean man has been made through different cultures. We must wait for the years 1970 to see Barbados and Trinidad which have been made a new identity under the influence of Black Power and the Rastafari movement coming from Jamaica. After more than 50 years ofindependence, there is a shy appreciation oflocal culture . There is more international music than calypso. In Trinidad the Indian music plays an important role corresponding ta the population of the country The new technologies increase the effect of the globalization. It constitutes the rise of the "decreolisation movement"
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Deml, Barbara. "Telepräsenzsysteme Gestaltung der Mensch-System-Schnittstelle /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://137.193.200.177/ediss/deml-barbara/meta.html.
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Robichaud, David. "Factors affecting catch, fishing power and trappability in the Barbados trap fishery." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27396.
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Factors affecting catch, trap fishing power and reef fish trappability were investigated by experimental fishing with Antillean fish traps on west coast fringing reefs in Barbados. Commercial (small mesh) traps caught significantly more fish (by number and weight), caught significantly smaller fish, and caught a higher proportion of immature fish, than large mesh traps. Fishing power was significantly higher for commercial traps than for large mesh traps. These catch differences between trap types have serious implications for the management of the reef fish resource by the imposition of larger mesh sizes in the commercial fishery.The squeezability hypothesis and the visual image hypothesis were investigated as explanations for the lower fishing power of large mesh traps. The lower fishing power of large mesh traps results primarily from lower catch rates of fish in the 5.5-6.0 cm body depth size class. This result is strong support for the squeezability hypothesis as an explanation for the lower fishing power of large mesh traps. Differences in the visual images of traps created by structural differences and biotic differences did not produce definitive differences in ingress rates to traps, suggesting that the visual image hypothesis is an inadequate explanation for the lower fishing power of large mesh traps.
The trappability of reef fish differed substantially between species, but trappability differences were not correlated with species mobility, activity of the species in traps, gregariousness, or capacity of the species to squeeze through meshes. Predator-prey effects on trappability were negligible, but trappability was negatively correlated with percent reef cover of the substratum and with substratum rugosity. This suggests that traps are more attractive to fishes in areas where natural structural complexity is lower. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Southey, Katherine. "Spawning and spatial movement in the bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) at Barbados, West Indies." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61036.
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This study investigates the characteristics and use of spawning sites by the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum in Barbados, and movements of wrasses from source reefs to proximate and isolate recipient reefs. Pair spawning rate increased with increasing projection height; group spawning rate increased with increasing proximity to the downcurrent reef edge. Daily group spawning rates, but not pair-spawning rates, were higher when daily current speeds were lower, suggesting that fertilisation rates in group spawns may be more sensitive to current speed than fertilisation rates in pair spawns. Migration rate to isolated reefs was 16% that to proximate reefs. Immigration rate to recipient reefs decreased with increasing distance from the source reef and increased with increasing population density on the source reef. Immigration rates to proximate reefs were phase, sex, and size-specific, and were strongly influenced by phase, sex, and size-specific differences in home range size of wrasses. Immigration to isolated reefs was also phase and sex-specific. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hunt, von Herbing Ione. "Reproduction and recruitment in the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum in Barbados." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61833.
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Dias, Ana Beatriz Mourato. "Recurrent nephrosplenic entrapment : a review of cases, shorterm and longterm outcome after laparoscopic nephrosplenic space closure with barbed knotless suture in horses." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21137.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaLeft colon displacement and nephrosplenic space entrapment (NSE) is a pathology affecting 6-20,3% of horses suffering from colic and has a reported recurrence of 8-23%. Therefore owners of horses having this type of colic should be warned about its recurrence and advised to perform preventive procedures. Among all the procedures available the one showing better prognosis relies on the closure of the nephrosplenic space. This can be performed through a flank laparotomy, though laparoscopic procedures are nowadays widely used. When entrapment is present by the time of closure most authors describe the need of converting into a hand assisted procedure or deviation of the colon with the aid of instruments. The aim of this study was to present a novel technique, were dorsal abdominal insufflation plays a key role in deviating the entrapped colon and allowing good visualization and closure of the nephrosplenic space. We aimed to assess the short and long term outcomes for horses undergoing this procedure. Data from 28 horses who underwent nephrosplenic space closure with barbed knotless suture were collected. Short term follow up was achieved by rectal palpation 15 days post-surgery and long term follow up was achieved by telephone questionnaire to the owners. Results from horses with NSE at the time of surgery were compared with those where the colon was not entrapped at the beginning of surgery. Total number of episodes of NSE before surgery and number of colic episodes (and diagnosis) after surgery were registered. No differences were found regarding time of surgery and time of closure of the space which suggests there is no increased difficulties or complications when NSE is present by the time of surgery. Adherence of the displaced colon was feared in horses with NSE at time of surgery but short term and long term outcome was positive in every horse. None of the horses had recurrence of NSE after the surgery. Some horses had other colic episodes after the surgery but all were not related to NSE or the surgery itself. As so, these results indicate this procedure to be a time saving and safe technique to perform when the colon is displaced, therefore increasing the advantages of this minimally invasive procedure.
RESUMO - ENCARCERAMENTO RECORRENTE NO ESPAÇO NEFROSPLÉNICO: REVISÃO DE CASOS, PROGNÓSTICO A CURTO E LONGO PRAZO APÓS ENCERRAMENTO DO ESPAÇO NEFROSPLÉNICO COM BARBED KNOTLESS SUTURE EM CAVALOS - O deslocamento do cólon á esquerda e o encarceramento no espaço nefrosplénico (EEN) é uma patologia que afeta 6-20,3% dos cavalos que sofrem de cólica e tem uma recorrência relatada de 8-23%. Dessa forma, os proprietários de cavalos que apresentam esse tipo de cólica devem ser alertados sobre sua recorrência e orientados a realizar procedimentos preventivos. Dentre todos os procedimentos disponíveis, o que apresenta melhor prognóstico é o encerramento do espaço nefrosplénico. Pode ser realizado por meio de uma laparotomia de flanco, embora os procedimentos laparoscópicos sejam hoje em dia mais amplamente usados. Quando o encarceramento está presente no momento do encerramento, a maioria dos autores descreve a necessidade de conversão para um procedimento assistido pela mão ou desvio do cólon com auxílio de instrumentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma nova técnica, onde a insuflação dorsal abdominal desempenha o papel principal desviando o cólon deslocado e permitindo boa visualização e encerramento do espaço nefrosplénico. Pretendeu-se avaliar o resultado a curto e a longo prazo em cavalos submetidos ao procedimento. Dados de 28 cavalos submetidos ao encerramento do espaço nefrosplénico com sutura barbada sem nós foram recolhidos. O acompanhamento a curto prazo foi realizado por palpação retal 15 dias após a cirurgia e o acompanhamento a longo prazo foi realizado através de um questionário por telefonema para os proprietários. Resultados de cavalos com EEN na cirurgia foram comparados com resultados dos que não apresentavam o colon encarcerado no momento da cirurgia. O número total de episódios de EEN antes da cirurgia e o número de cólicas (e o seu diagnóstico) após a cirurgia foram registados. Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao tempo de cirurgia e tempo de encerramento do espaço, o que sugere que não há aumento de dificuldades ou complicações quando o EEN está presente no momento da cirurgia. A aderência do cólon deslocado foi temida em cavalos com EEN no momento da cirurgia, mas o resultado a curto e longo prazo foi positivo em todos os cavalos. Nenhum dos cavalos teve recorrência de EEN após a cirurgia. Alguns cavalos tiveram outros episódios de cólica após a cirurgia, mas nenhum estava relacionado com EEN ou com a cirurgia em si. Sendo assim, este procedimento pode ser uma técnica segura que economiza tempo quando o cólon está deslocado, aumentado assim as vantagens deste procedimento minimamente invasivo.
N/A
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Morand-Ferron, Julie. "Foraging innovations and kleptoparasitism in birds." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102814.
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The ability to invent new solutions to old or novel problems is often equated with intelligence, both in humans and non-human animals. Behavioural flexibility can be defined operationally by looking at the frequency of novel or unusual behaviours, i.e. innovations, in different taxa. Despite the potential survival benefits of behavioural flexibility in the face of changing conditions, there is variation among taxa in the propensity to innovate. Here, I examine in detail one foraging innovation, dunking behaviour (the immersion of food items in water) in Carib grackles (Quiscalus lugubris) of Barbados. I show that the rarity of dunking behaviour in the field is not due to the inability of most individuals to learn and/or perform it, but rather to the balance of costs and benefits not being favourable to its expression in most field conditions. In this population, dunking functions as a proto-tool food-processing technique speeding the ingestion of items that are difficult to swallow. The frequency of the behaviour depends on food characteristics, travel costs between the food source and water, and the probability of losing items to conspecifics. Dunking renders grackles vulnerable to food theft because it involves releasing food items in water, where there is often a build-up of conspecifics. When faced with a high risk of kleptoparasitism, grackles reduce the frequency of dunking, engage in aggressive displays, and keep items in the bill while dunking. Kleptoparasitism not only reduces the rate of dunking by increasing costs to the behaviour, but also by constituting an alternative foraging tactic. The payoffs to this tactic are frequency-dependent; i.e. they decrease as the frequency of kleptoparasites increases in the group. A comparative study on ecological, morphological and behavioural predictors of the occurrence of kleptoparasitic tactics among bird families point to an important role of predation and cognitive abilities in favouring the evolution of kleptoparasitism. Thus, avian food-stealing should not be regarded as a "cognitively simpler" alternative to intelligent behaviour, but as another form of behavioural flexibility. Large-brained primates and birds share the ability to learn quickly, innovate, use tools and engage in exploitative tactics, suggesting that these abilities have not been traded-off against each other, but have instead evolved together.
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Gilbert, Marianne. "Abundance, biomass and habitat use of moray eels in Barbados, West Indies, determined by a modified visual census method." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78369.
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Visual censuses performed during the day underestimate cryptic and nocturnal fish species, including large, carnivorous moray eels. This study developed a census method for morays and used it to determine their density, biomass, distribution and microhabitat use on coral reefs in Barbados. The five species recorded varied in time of highest abundance. Therefore, densities were based on the time when each species was most visible (day or night). Observed densities were corrected for proportion of individuals not visible based on repeated surveys of the same transects. Density (5--6 morays 125m-2 ) and biomass estimates (1--3.7 kg 125 m-2) per site were much higher than those reported in previous censuses and comparable to those of other predatory families. The relative abundance of species varied among sites, and species and size classes also differed in their shelter site use. The higher density and biomass found are believed to be due to the improved method.
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Browne, Phyllis. "Educational reforms in Barbados, 1966-1986 : social implications." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66015.
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Velcescu, Leonard. "Les barbares (daces) dans la sculpture romaine. Etude d'iconographie antique." Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE4018.
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Cette these est structuree en deux parties. La premiere partie donne une vision d'ensemble du sujet des representations iconographiques des << barbares >> daces dans l'antiquite. Apres la delimitation du contexte historique dans lequel le concept de << barbare >> est apparu dans le monde romain, le << portrait >> du barbare en general, et du barbare dace en particulier, a ete dresse, a l'aide des descriptions litteraires et artistiques les plus representatives qui nous sont parvenues. Le catalogue des statues de daces (vol. Ii), incluant la majorite des sculptures de ce type repertoriees a ce jour, conclut cette these. Ce volume constitue, a notre connaissance, l'inventaire le plus complet des sculptures de daces jamais realise jusqu'a present.
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Wellington, Christine. "A nutrient mass balance for nitrogen and phosphorous for the nearshore water of the west coast of Barbados, W.I., July 1996 to May 1997 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29931.
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A mass balance approach was used in an attempt to quantify nutrient flux to the nearshore at the West Coast, Barbados, W.I. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels of the groundwater at inland pumping stations and above beach margins, as well as in the water of the nearshore zone and approximately 2 km offshore, were obtained. Nearshore groundwater seepage rates and salinity data were also taken. This study attempted to use this raw data to estimate flushing rates, nutrient loading rates, and nutrient loss rates, to ultimately create a picture of the fate of nutrients as they travel in groundwater into the nearshore zone. Annual loading for the entire West Coast was calculated at 1.46 x 105 kg NO3---N for nitrogen and 1.19 x 103 kg PO4 3---P for phosphorus. Mean nutrient levels in groundwater above the beach margin were estimated at 969.83 muM for nitrogen and 3.63 muM for phosphorus. For nitrogen and phosphorus respectively, these levels were twice and three times higher than at the pumping stations farther inland; and there was also a fourfold and fivefold drop in nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, in the nearshore zone relative to this groundwater above the beach margin. This indicated that the dense coastal population at the West Coast was adding significant amounts of nutrient to groundwater after it had left the inland pumping stations. There were no patterns of gradation in nutrient concentrations detected within the immediate nearshore, making completion of an accurate mass balance impossible, though indicating that there was significant advection of submarine groundwater offshore, beyond the study zone. This may contribute to the poor health of West Coast reefs, where sewage and fertiliser leaching and runoff are suspected as the primary sources for nutrient input to submarine groundwater to the south and northern parts of the West Coast, respectively.
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Rakitin, Ana. "The effect of a marine reserve on the abundance and size of coral reef fishes in Barbados, West Indies /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68247.
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This study used trapping and visual census surveys to assess whether a marine reserve in Barbados effectively protected coral reef fish stocks and whether there was evidence of emigration from the reserve. Fish abundance and sizes were higher in the reserve than in surrounding non-reserve areas. Relative differences in abundance and size between reserve and non-reserve of different taxa were positively correlated to vulnerability to traps (the most common fishing method) but not to mobility of fish. Gradients of abundance across the reserve boundaries (decreasing abundance with distance from the reserve center) were apparent for total abundance but not for individual taxa. These patterns suggest that the reserve does protect fish stocks and that emigration is of minor importance.
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Chapman, Matthew R. "Coral reef fish movements and the effectiveness of the Barbados Marine Reserve." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20560.
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This study examined whether movements of fishes across reserve boundaries reduced the difference in density and size of fish between reserve and non-reserve areas. Visual censuses, experimental trapping, habitat measurements and tagging were performed at 10 sites on two nearly contiguous fringing coral reefs at the northern edge of the Barbados Marine Reserve and at 10 sites on the two fringing reefs closest to the boundary in the non-reserve. The visual censuses showed that overall density and size of fishes large enough to be caught in Antillean fish traps were higher on reserve reefs than on non-reserve reefs. The differences in density and size varied considerably among species and were not statistically significant for individual species. In contrast to a previous study, experimental trap catches were not higher in the reserve than in the non-reserve. Visual censuses, trap catches, and their ratio (trappability) were affected by habitat variables. Species mobility, estimated by the maximum distance between locations at which an individual was captured, corrected for the sampling effort at that distance, was highly variable among species (medians 0--116m). For the more mobile species, movements within fringing reefs and between the nearly contiguous reserve reefs was high but extremely rare among reefs separated by expanses of sand and rubble. For this discrete fringing reef system, there is no evidence that movement across the reserve boundary influences the relative density or size of fish between the reserve and non-reserve.
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July, Joël. "Style et versification dans les chansons de Barbara." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10032.
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La chanteuse Barbara (1930-1997) est-elle poète ? Comme elle s'en défendit obstinément, ne s'accordant jamais que le titre de "Femme qui chante", comme elle délaissa assez régulièrement la plume, sous quels critères pouvons-nous lui accorder son brevet de poésie ? La richesse de ses oeuvres, comme "Nantes" (1963) et "Au bois de Saint-Amand" (1964), qui seront étudiées séparément et intégralement, pourrait à elle seule en offrir la garantie. Mais leur analyse minutieuse prouve davantage une profonde unité de l'écriture barbaresque. Certes, la versification et la langue qu'elle choisit évoluent considérablement en quarante ans de carrière : Barbara suit et devance la modernité en adoptant progressivement des structures tout à fait originales. Mais surtout, les mêmes aspirations, les mêmes usages d'un texte à l'autre se repèrent : constructions qui mettent en valeur des symboles, recherche d'une oralité expressive, sélection du lexique, création de mots, insertion du discours direct, choix énonciatifs marqués par le souci du dialogue, jeux sur les variations, goût des effets de surprise et du mystère. . Ce qui va faire la renommée de Barbara, c'est précisément la valeur autobiographique de ses poèmes, l'implication personnelle qui se dégage explicitement et implicitement de chacun d'eux, qu'elle corrige d'ailleurs régulièrement. Barbara devient à la scène comme sur le papier un personnage ambivalent et complexe qui affiche une dévotion sans partage à son public. Or toute sa poésie rend compte de cette élaboration de son image à travers une topique obsédante, reflet de son univers intime, de ses inspirations discrète et des traumatismes de son existence. Alors les mots de Barbara, lestés de tous ces poids et allégés par les notes de musique, formeront bien ce que l'on a coutume dáppeler une parole poétique.
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Todd, Susan Gayle. "MacBird! : a history and feminist critique of Barbara Garson's radical play /." View full text online, 2009. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/6616/todds99780.pdf.
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Schmidt, Thomas S. "Plutarque et les barbares : la rhétorique d'une image /." [Paris] ; Louvain : Namur : Peeters ; Société des études classiques, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37087779w.
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Faucher, Anne-Marie. "Relations anthropo-environnementales depuis la période archaïque jusqu'au XIXe siècle à Barbuda : multidisciplinarité archéobotanique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33485.
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Cette recherche doctorale a comme but principal l’étude de la dynamique anthropo-environnementale à Barbuda grâce à une approche archéobotanique multidisciplinaire. À la base de ce projet se trouve une démarche méthodologique, celle de combiner l’analyse des graines, du charbon de bois, des grains d’amidon et des phytolithes pour rendre compte de l’évolution des relations anthropo-environnementale. Cette thèse repose sur l’analyse de six sites archéologiques datant des premières occupations humaines sur l’île en couvrant la période archaïque jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Les analyses archéobotaniques sont peu nombreuses dans la région caribéenne, surtout celles combinant plusieurs types de restes. Ainsi, il a d’abord fallu évaluer le potentiel de préservation des macro-et microrestes botaniques sur l’île calcaire de Barbuda. Les données ont révélé un potentiel d’analyse variable selon les sites et les types de restes. Les graines recueillies sont peu nombreuses, alors que les charbons de bois sont omniprésents sur l’ensemble des sites. La principale découverte est la présence de phytolithes et de grains d’amidon autant dans les résidus prélevés sur les artéfacts que dans les échantillons de sédiments. Au cours des années, les populations archaïques, saladoïdes, post-saladoïdes et britanniques, en plus des esclaves, se sont succédéessur l’île. Chacune d’entre elles possédait un mode de vie spécifique et des besoins particuliers, ce qui a laissé une succession d’empruntes sur la végétation. Les données recueillies démontrent leur tentative degestion de la ressource végétale, l’introduction et la culture d’espèces botaniques pour l’alimentation, ainsi que le changement progressif du couvert végétal initial vers une végétation secondaire. L’arrivée des Britanniques, sous la direction de la famille Codrington, a joué un rôle clé dans la création du paysage environnemental actuel de l’île. Ce projet est un premier pas vers une compréhension rigoureuse de la dynamique anthropo-environnementale à Barbuda et à travers les îles caribéennes.The primary goal of this doctoral research is to examine human-plant dynamics on the island of Barbuda using multiple methods of archaeobotanical analyses. This research is thus a methodological contribution combining the analysis of seeds, charcoal, starch grains and phytolithes in order to study the evolution of human-plant relationships. Six archaeological sites were analysed dating from the first human occupation on the island by Archaic populations until the 19th century. Archaeobotanical analyses are scare throughout the Caribbean region, especially those that combine the study of several types of botanical remains. The analytical potential of botanical macro-and microremains on the limestone island of Barbuda was evaluated for all sites. The ensuing results varied greatly depending on the site and the type of remains analysed. Seeds were very few in number, while charcoal is omnipresent on all sites. The most important discovery was the preservation of phytoliths and starch grains on artefact residues and in soil samples. Over 2000 years, Archaic, Saladoid, post-Saladoid, British, and enslaved peoples lived on the island. Each population had varying needs for subsistence resulting in different vegetation signatures. Data recovered suggests attempts at vegetation management, the introduction of new plant species for cultivation and consumption, as well as a progressive transition from the initial vegetation cover to a secondary forest. The British arrival on the island, under the management of the Codrington Family played a key role in the creation of the island’s current landscape. This research project is thus a first step towards a more rigorous and comprehensive understanding of human-plant dynamicson Barbuda and in the region.
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Tupper, Mark. "Recruitment and assemblage structure of reef fish in Barbados, W.I." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55660.
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Suchorski, Alicia. "Socio-economic and physical development influences on water use in Barbados." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116060.
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Water scarcity has gained increasing awareness globally, and the small island developing states of the Caribbean, including Barbados, are not exempt from this global crisis. There is a large amount of variation to be found between Barbados' 11 parishes demographically, economically, and socially, with tourism encapsulating an especially significant sector for both the economy and water use, emphasized in certain parishes most prevalently.Surveys were carried out in four coastal parishes and respondents were asked various water-related questions for their household. The survey addressed a myriad of issues such as water availability, quality, categorizing responsibilities of water-related tasks, as well as a number of other topics. The number of surveys conducted was equivalent to one per cent of each parish population. The chi-square test for the analysis of a two-way contingency table was conducted to determine the influence of development and gender on parish households in differential water use, access, and perceptions of water. Surveys were completed to provide clarity to the objectives of the research which were twofold: to determine whether the amount of economic, social, and physical development of a parish influences the access and distribution of domestic water to households; and to uncover gender perceptions related to water use and determine how water use patterns and water consumption vary between genders in households.
Parish development was a much stronger indicator for water usage and distribution rather than gender. All questions compared across parishes yielded at least one statistically significant response with the exception of determining whether water shortages affected lifestyles. Parish water use was highest in St. Philip (898.1 L/week/capita) and lowest in St. Lucy, (729.9 L/week/capita). The gender analysis provided statistically insignificant results except for the total respondents' water quality, and a household's satisfaction with their water situation, which were only significant for the total population and St. Lucy categories. Regarding division of labour within households, women still occupy the majority of tasks relating to water by spending on average 12.6 hrs/week on water-related domestic tasks; while males and children spend almost 5.6 hrs/week and 1.70 hrs/week respectively.
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Maxson, Brian Jeffrey. "Ermolao Barbaro." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5464.
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Ermolao Barbaro (1453/4–93) was a patrician and diplomat from Venice in the later fifteenth century. His short life meant that he enjoyed only a modest diplomatic career. His major contribution to the history of diplomacy is his short treatise, On the Office of the Diplomat (c. 1489–93), which was the first European treatment devoted to the resident ambassador, a then new development in European diplomacy.
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Ennouri, Fourati Monia. "Pulpe et huile de graine d'opuntia sp. : extraction, caractérisation et essais de valorisation." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON13502.
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Des essais de valorisation du figuier de Barbarie, plante répandue en Tunisie, ont été entrepris via des transformations technologiques. Des extraits de jus à partir de la pulpe du fruit ont montré une valeur nutritionnelle et des propriétés rhéologiques similaires à celles des jus de fruits de grande consommation. Les graines du fruit, sous produit de la fabrication du jus, ont été caractérisées de point de vues physique, biochimique et biologique. La fraction minérale est dominée par le potassium, le calcium et le phosphore. La fraction lipidique est riche en acides gras polyunsaturés. L'incorporation de cette fraction lipidique dans le régime de rats de souche Wistar a montré une diminution du taux de cholestérol sanguin, du LDL(VLDL), de la concentration en glucose sanguin et du glycogène hépatique et musculaire.
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Goldberg, Joanna L. "Variation in food defence as a function of local ecological conditions in the Zenaida dove." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21558.
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Two populations of Barbados Zenaida dove (Zenaida aurita) have in previous work been found to use two radically different modes of feeding competition. The St. James (StJ) population is territorial; it competes aggressively with conspecifics but scramble competes with heterospecifics. The Deep Water Harbour (DWH) population forages nonaggressively in large homospecfic flocks. Earlier studies linking these social differences with differences in individual and social learning suggest that Z. aurita is ideal for testing predictions from Brown's (1964) theory of economic defendability. Firstly, the hypothesis that resource defence will increase as the spatial clumping and temporal predictability of a resource increases was tested at 6 sites at DWH with a randomized complete block design. Secondly, spatial distribution of food was manipulated at both DWH and StJ in an attempt to alter the mode of foraging competition at DWH from scramble to interference, and to elicit group-feeding in the otherwise territorial StJ doves. As predicted, rates of aggression per intruder were highest for those sites at DWH receiving a spatially clumped and temporally predictable food source. Unlike those at DWH, doves from StJ did not modify their mode of foraging competition in response to variations in spatial distribution, but rather as a consequence of increased resource density. Interference competition appears to be the default strategy for Zenaida doves, with birds switching to scramble competition when a threshold of resource density is reached, only to revert back to aggressive defence when the spatial clumping and temporal predictability of food increases.
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McDougall, Peter T. "Short-term costs of relocating a territory in a Caribbean damselfish, Stegastes diencaeus." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19767.
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Little is known about the costs of relocating a territory into an established neighbourhood. In this study we investigated short-term costs of relocation in the longfin damselfish, Stegastes diencaeus, on a fringing reef in Barbados. Experimental removals of residents created vacancies, and focal observations over two days examined the intensity and duration of behavioural changes in the newcomers. Newcomers used smaller territories than original residents, and exhibited increased movement, increased agonistic behaviour and decreased foraging. The behavioural changes suggest that energetics are a major cost to relocation, but that opportunity costs, predation risk and injuries are also important. Differences between strangers and expanding neighbours support the concept of 'dear enemy' recognition, but familiarity does not influence the agonistic behaviour initiated by these newcomers. The costs reported here represent important limitations to the mobility of individuals and provide insights into the stability of fish territories.
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Atherley, Kenneth (Kenneth Andrew Nathaniel). "The application of tourist-based research to coastal management in Barbados /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65532.
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Bitter, Mirjam. "Sprache, Macht, Geschlecht Lyrik und Essayistik von Barbara Köhler." Berlin Trafo, 2006. http://www.trafoberlin.de/3-89626-412-5.htm.
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Coumert, Magali. "Origines des peuples : les récits du haut Moyen âge occidental, 550-850 /." Paris : Institut d'études augustiniennes, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41066176t.
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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris 10, 2005. Titre de soutenance : Les récits d'origine des peuples dans le haut Moyen âge occidental : milieu VIe-milieu IXe siècle.En appendice, choix de textes latins avec trad. française en regard. Bibliogr. p. 601-652. Notes bibliogr. Index.
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Foulquier, Adrien Ducos de Lahitte Jacques. "Étude démographique d'une population de singes magots (Macaca sylvanus) dans la région d'Azrou, dans le moyen atlas marocain." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2118/1/celdran_2118.pdf.
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