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1
Hampson, Louise, and John Jenkins. "A Barber-Surgeon’s Instrument Case: Seeing the Iconography of Thomas Becket through a Netherlandish Lens." Arts 10, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10030049.
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The triple anniversary in 2020 of Thomas Becket’s birth, death and translation has been an occasion to review and revisit many of the artefacts associated with the saint and his cult in England and across Europe. Many of these are items directly associated with his veneration in churches or in private devotions, but one object which served in neither capacity is an instrument case currently in the collection of the Worshipful Company of Barbers in London. This unusual object has been studied for its fine silver work, and possible royal associations, but little academic attention has so far been paid to the some of the iconography, particularly that of the scene of the murder of Thomas Becket depicted on the back of the box, the side to be worn against the body. In this article, we show how seemingly unusual elements in the iconography draw on particularly Flemish representations of Becket’s murder that, to date, have received little attention in Anglophone scholarship. From this, we discuss this scene and its significance in understanding the role the iconography may have been intended to serve, and the interplay between the decorative schema and what the surgeon thought about his own role with regard to the use of the case and its tools.
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Bothwell, James. "Edward III and the Triumph of England: The Battle of Crécy and the Company of the Garter. Richard W. Barber. London: Allen Lane, 2013. xxi + 650 pp. + 8 color pls. £30." Renaissance Quarterly 68, no. 1 (2015): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/681356.
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Morgan, Philip. "Edward III and the Triumph of England. The Battle of Crécy and the Company of the Garter. By Richard Barber. 230mm. Pp xxi + 650, many figs and maps, 27 col ills. Allen Lane, London, 2013. isbn9780713998382. £30 (hbk)." Antiquaries Journal 94 (September 2014): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581514000626.
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Adams, Aileen K., and B. Hofestädt. "Georg Händel (1622–97): The Barber-Surgeon Father of George Frideric Handel (1685–1759)." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 3 (August 2005): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300308.
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George Frideric Handel was born in Halle (Saale) in Germany. After initial musical education in Germany and Italy, he came to London as a young man and spent the rest of his life in England. Until recently, little has been written of his early life in either the English or the German literature, and it is not widely known that he was the son of Georg Händel, a barber-surgeon of repute. When his father's name is mentioned, it is usually to claim that he actively discouraged his son's musical education. Georg Händel lived in a turbulent time; he became an eminent surgeon who served as valet and barber to the Courts of Saxony and Brandenburg, as well as a distinguished citizen of Halle. In describing his surgical duties, we show how these differed from those of barbers in England and France at that time. Barbers in Germany were less controlled, freer to practise as they pleased, and Händel himself had important duties in public health and forensic medicine. George Frideric was the first son of the second marriage, born when his father was 63 years of age. We aim also to dispel the notion that Händel's influence on his son's career was as obstructive as has been claimed, but rather that he was a responsible father with his children's interests at heart. This is shown in the success achieved by all his children, most of whom followed their father into medicine, while George Frideric became the most famous of them all, being regarded by posterity as one of the greatest composers.
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Quarmby, Kevin. "Lazarus Theatre's All-Female Henry V at The Union Theatre, London." Scene: Reviews of Early Modern Drama, no. 1 (October 13, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/scene01201718440.
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Wagner, Joseph. "The Scottish East India Company of 1617: Patronage, Commercial Rivalry, and the Union of the Crowns." Journal of British Studies 59, no. 3 (July 2020): 582–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2020.38.
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AbstractThe history of the Scottish East India Company of 1617 is a history of partnerships and rivalries within and between Scotland and England. The company was opposed by the merchants of the royal burghs in Scotland and by the East India Company, Muscovy Company, and Privy Council in England. At the same time, it was supported by the Scottish Privy Council and was able to recruit Dutch, English, and Scottish investors. The interactions between these groups were largely shaped by the union of the crowns, which saw James VI accede to the thrones of England and Ireland and move his court to London. Scotland was thus left with an absentee monarch, decreasing the access of Scottish merchants to the king while increasing the importance of court connections in acquiring that access. Regal union also created opportunities for Scots to become part of the London business world, which, in turn, could lead to backlash from English interests. Having developed in this context, the Scottish East India Company speaks to how James VI and I approached patronage and policy in his multiple kingdoms, how commercial rivalries developed in England and Scotland, and how trading companies played a role in constitutional developments in Stuart Britain.
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Ackerman, Marianne. "England Mirvish, Marx, and Shakespeare." Canadian Theatre Review 50 (March 1987): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.50.009.
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In the beginning, champagne. Monday morning, September, 1986, cast and crew of the newly-formed English Shakespeare Company (ESC) assemble in the drafty Territorial Army Drill Hall, South-West London. Wearing his familiar bankers’ blue suit and white shirt, Torontonian David Mirvish grins his eager-beaver, anything-is-possible grin and toasts the most ambitious theatrical venture launched in London this season. In the next nine weeks, director Michael Bogdanov, 25 actors and a small crew will rehearse some 80 roles in three of Shakespeare’s history plays. Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2 and Henry V will play 12 English cities, plus Paris, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, and Toronto. The entire nine-hour trilogy will be performed each Saturday.
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Sutton, Anne F. "The Merchant Adventurers of England: their origins and the Mercers' Company of London." Historical Research 75, no. 187 (February 1, 2002): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00139.
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Abstract The history of the adventurers, or overseas merchants, trading to the Low Countries is taken back to their earliest privileges, those from Brabant 1296–1315, to the establishment of their fraternity of St. Thomas c.1300, and to their common origin with the staplers. This discounts the theories that they owed their beginnings to the Mercers’ Company of London. The rise of the London mercers to an increasingly dominant position among the Adventurers to the Low Countries is traced from c.1400, and their records, the frequently misleading acts of court, are re-examined. The theory that the Company of the Merchant Adventurers of England was created at the end of the fifteenth century is similarly discounted.
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Hill, Errol. "Morton Tavares: Jamaican and International Actor." Theatre Research International 15, no. 3 (1990): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300009688.
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It is not widely known that the Caribbean island of Jamaica enjoys a tradition of live theatre that may well be second to none in the English-speaking world, save only in England itself. Conquered from Spain in 1655, the island boasted an active theatre as early as 1682, not very long after public playgoing had returned to England following the Cromwellian interregnum. Records are silent about theatre for the next several decades, but by the 1730s troupers from England had begun regular visits which culminated in the two long residencies of the famed Hallam Company that came to Virginia from London in 1752. Under the senior Hallam the company journeyed to Jamaica in 1754 and remained there, after Hallam's death, until 1758 when they returned to America, led by David Douglass. Again from 1775 to 1785 the company sojourned in Jamaica, waiting out the War of Independence, this time under Lewis Hallam junior. The record of their performances in the island has been chronicled in Richardson Wright's book Revels in Jamaica (1937), which has recently been reissued.
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Spraakman, Gary. "THE FIRST EXTERNAL AUDITORS OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 1866." Accounting Historians Journal 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.38.1.57.
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At the request of shareholders, the Hudson's Bay Company had its financial statements audited for the first time in 1866. Two external auditors were hired, one for the shareholders and one for management. Three inter-related forces led to this decision: (1) most importantly, the company's shareholders demanded audited financial statements, (2) there was emerging in London at the time the capacity and willingness among London accountants to provide external audit services, and (3) the British Parliament passed various acts that required financial statements of companies in other industries to be audited. After a few years, only the management's external auditor was retained. He subsequently influenced the company's development of management accounting. In addition, the company's early external auditors were influential in the development of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales.
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Hewitt, Jon. "Daring to Think Seriously: the Need for Aesthetic Judgements." New Theatre Quarterly 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x10000084.
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The issue of attitudes towards the arts in England is here compared and contrasted with those evident in the rest of Europe today. This article was written in June 2009, following discussions in Wroclaw during the festival ‘The World as a Place of Truth’, part of the Year of Grotowski. Jon Hewitt is Artistic Director of Admiration Theatre Company, based in London. He has directed several productions, the most recent being Romeo and Juliet Docklands, set in the East End of London. In February 2010 his latest production, Tower Hamlet, opens at the Courtyard Theatre.
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Duncan, Craig. "Cutlers' Surgical Prize." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363508x314816.
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The Worshipful Company of Cutlers, in association with The Royal College of Surgeons of England, each year awards the Cutlers' Surgical Prize, comprising the silver gilt Clarke medal and a sum of £1,000, for the entry judged to be the most outstanding advance in design of a surgical instrument or technique. The award is presented at a dinner held in the spring at Cutlers' Hall in the City of London.
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Schifferdecker, Christopher. "MAGNESIUM IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. Jean Durlach. John Libbey and Company Ltd., London, England, 1988, 360 Pages." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 13, no. 6 (November 1989): 668–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014860718901300626.
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WALLIS, PATRICK, CLIFF WEBB, and CHRIS MINNS. "Leaving home and entering service: the age of apprenticeship in early modern London." Continuity and Change 25, no. 3 (December 2010): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416010000299.
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ABSTRACTLeaving home and entering service was a key transition in early modern England. This article presents evidence on the age of apprenticeship in London. Using a new sample of 22,156 apprentices bound between 1575 and 1810, we find that apprentices became younger (from 17.4 to 14.7 years) and more homogeneous in age, irrespective of background. We examine the effect of region of origin, parental occupation, Company entered and paternal mortality on age of entry. The fall in apprentices' ages has significant implications for our understanding of the labour supply, training structures, experiences of apprenticeship and family economy in this period.
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Agnew, Tom. "Executive Perspectives." Leading Edge 39, no. 3 (March 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39030162.1.
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Growing up in Colchester, England, Bob Brook knew one day he would be the CEO of an oil and gas company. Not really. Bob was just interested in taking risks and had a desire to travel and see the world. Armed with a mathematics degree from the University of East Anglia in Norwich, Bob signed on with Geophysical Service International (GSI), which took him to an office outside London where he began his career in geophysics.
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Reutcke, Chelsea. "‘Very Knaves Besides’: Catholic Print and the Enforcers of the 1662 Licensing Act in Restoration England." Studies in Church History 56 (May 15, 2020): 288–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2019.16.
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This article explores the motivations of three enforcers of the Licensing Act of 1662 in regard to their treatment of the illicit Catholic book trade in London during the Restoration. As censors, the Stationers’ Company, the Surveyor of the Press, Roger L'Estrange, and the bishop of London, Henry Compton, were intended to unite the concerns of the book trade, the state and the church. However, each used the Licensing Act to pursue their own interests. Contemporaries and historians have both viewed the act as being unsuccessfully enforced; this article explores whether full enforcement was ever the goal. Using the case of Catholic print, it posits that it was precisely the act's flexibility that encouraged its repeated renewals. Moreover, exploring the print of the Catholic minority in London highlights the differences between the written law and the enforced law. Finally, this article suggests that at times there existed an informal toleration for the printers and booksellers engaged in Catholic book production that enabled books to escape detection and the Catholic book trade to continue despite the Licensing Act.
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Mahmood, Kashif, Muhammad Zia ud din, and Ayesha Liaqat. "British American Tobacco: Building A Better Tomorrow." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (July 26, 2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12666.
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A multinational company associated with the manufacturing and selling business of cigarettes, raw tobacco and other oral nicotine products since 1902. Based on net sales BAT is the largest cigarettes manufacturing company worldwide and have headquarter at London, England. With multiple brands including Pall Mall, Lucky Strike, Dunhill & Kent, BAT has operations in 180 countries. New product Vype, Vuse, Glo and Velo are also introduced. In March 2020 BAT Group sets an inspirational drive for the business and company by presenting its progressed strategy. The BAT’s transformed purpose to “build a better tomorrow” by reducing the health effect of its commercial business activity with donating a greater choice of reduced risk and enjoyable products for its consumers. It is to develop its growth model by the developing a portfolio in nicotine and beyond, meeting evolving needs of customer for satisfaction and enjoyment.
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Challis, C. E. "Controlling the Standard: York and the London Company of Goldsmiths in Later-Tudor and Early-Stuart England." Northern History 31, no. 1 (January 1995): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/007817295790175372.
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Erskine, Angus B. "Victor Campbell and Michael Barne in Svalbard: the 1914 voyage of Willem Barents." Polar Record 30, no. 173 (April 1994): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740002132x.
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AbstractIn 1914 the Northern Exploration Company of London employed Commander Victor Campbell (the leader of the Northern Party of Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova expedition of 1910–1913) to voyage to Spitsbergen in charge of a mineral-prospecting team. Campbell sailed in the schooner Willem Barents, taking Michael Barne (the second lieutenant on the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1904) as mate. There was a mixed British and Norwegian crew. Between May and August, Campbell took the schooner to various sites between Recherchefjorden and Krossfjorden on the west coast of Spitsbergen, maintaining two-way contact with London through the Norwegian radio station at Grønfjorden. Hearing that war was about to break out, the expedition visited the German meteorological station at Ebeltofthamna, then sailed back to Norway, from where the British members returned to England.
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King, Richard G., and Saskia Willaert. "Giovanni Francesco Crosa and the First Italian Comic Operas in London, Brussels and Amsterdam, 1748–50." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 118, no. 2 (1993): 246–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/118.2.246.
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In the autumn of 1748 the opera audience in London was introduced to a newly arrived troupe of Italian singers, an eccentric impresario and an operatic genre previously unknown in England. The buffo company, led by ‘Doctor’ Giovanni Francesco Crosa, would entertain the King's Theatre public for the first time with full-length Italian comic operas. In May 1750, after two tumultuous seasons which saw the gradual dissolution of the troupe and financial disaster for the management, Crosa fled the country, never to return. The King's Theatre closed its doors, to reopen only in the autumn of 1753 with a programme devoted exclusively to serious opera. It was not until 1766, when Piccini's La buona figliuola conquered the London opera stage, that Italian comic opera found real success at the King's.
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Ransome, David R. "The Parliamentary Papers of Nicholas Ferrar, 1624." Camden Fifth Series 7 (July 1996): 3–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960116300000361.
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Nicholas Ferrar's fame in the twentieth century rests largely upon religious foundations – as a saint of the Church of England and as one of the moving spirits at Little Gidding – but in fact his historical importance is more than merely religious, and indeed religion did not dominate his life before 1625. Born in London in February 1593, the youngest but one of a family of six, Nicholas was named for his father, a highly successful Merchant Adventurer who was also a Master of the Skinners Company. Small, fair-haired, precocious and frail, Nicholas was always his mother's favourite, and it was she who largely influenced his development. At the age of seventeen he was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, but soon after his twentieth birthday he left Cambridge for the sake of his health, spending the years 1613–17 on the continent, chiefly at Padua, where he studied medicine. On his return to England he did not resume his fellowship at Clare, but remained in London with his parents, attending to his now elderly father's business affairs which included membership of the East India and Virginia Companies – and acting as his executor upon his death in 1620.
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Park, William W. "Duty and Discretion in International Arbitration." American Journal of International Law 93, no. 4 (October 1999): 805–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555345.
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After a long arbitration in New York, a Canadian company wins substantial damages against a British multinational, only to see a federal court vacate the award.1 Two grounds are given for vacatur: the arbitrator was biased, and the arbitrator manifestly disregarded the applicable law. Not deterred, the winning claimant seeks to enforce the award against the defendant’s London bank accounts.What effect (if any) should a court in England give the American award? Should an English court ignore the arbitrator’s decision or the federal judge’s order? Should the English court make its own investigation into the legitimacy of the vacatur?
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Taylor, James. "Privacy, Publicity, and Reputation: How the Press Regulated the Market in Nineteenth-Century England." Business History Review 87, no. 4 (2013): 679–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680513001098.
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Many commentators believe that the business press “missed”thestory of the twenty-first century—the 2008 economic crisis. Condemned for being too close to the firms they were supposed to be holding to account, journalists failed in their duties to the public. Recent historical studies of business journalism present a similarly pessimistic picture. By contrast, this article stresses the importance of the press as a key intermediary of reputation in the nineteenth-century marketplace. In England, reporters played an instrumental role in opening up companies' general meetings to the public gaze and in warning investors of fraudulent businesses. This regulation by reputation was at least as important as company law in making the City of London a relatively safe place to do business by the start of the twentieth century.
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Spicer, Andrew. "A Regional Company? RED Production and the Cultural Politics of Place." Journal of British Cinema and Television 16, no. 3 (July 2019): 273–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2019.0478.
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This article explores the significance of RED Production's location in the north-west of England, analysing the complexities of its positioning as a ‘regional’ company contextualised within the broader issues surrounding regional television production created by the politics and regulation of UK broadcasting. The article contends that recent analyses of creative clusters have privileged economic factors over cultural ones and provides a counter argument that demonstrates the importance of historical evolution and cultural traditions in understanding why RED has been so successful. It examines the significance of an anti-metropolitan discourse of northernness as a broad cultural tradition that shapes RED's identity and production strategy, and, more specifically, the profound legacy of the Manchester-based Granada Television. The article explores the reasons for and consequences of RED's move to MediaCityUK in 2013 and its acquisition by the European conglomerate Studiocanal. It also discusses the ongoing problem of the vexed relationship between London and the regions in British broadcasting, and the impact of an increasingly international orientation on how television production companies position themselves in a changing marketplace.
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Vysokova, V. V. "Money, Stock-Jobbing, and Corruption in England at the Turn of the XVII–XVIII Centuries." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-3-283-291.
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The article reconstructs the historical context that shaped the financial capitalism in England at the turn of the XVII– XVIII centuries. It focuses on the crisis of Christian values and the development of secular rationalistic morality. The author connected the socio-economic context of England in the early modern period with the intellectual atmosphere of the late Stuart era and the early Hanoverian dynasty. The problem is considered from three points of view: (1) economic and political situation in the context of mercantilism, (2) the South Sea Company as an example of the interaction between the corrupt cabinet members and the London merchants; (3) social attitude, e.g., D. Defoe's The Anatomy of the Exchange Lane or the Exchange Trading System (1719). The epoch under discussion saw the emergence of a bipolar world of the poor and the rich in Western Europe in the early XVIII century, when the society of landowners replaced the medieval hierarchy.
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Forse, James H. "Extortion in the Name of Art in Elizabethan England: The Impressment of Thomas Clifton for the Queen's Chapel Boys." Theatre Survey 31, no. 2 (November 1990): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400009339.
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In 1599–1600, after a lapse of almost ten years, the children's acting companies reappeared in London. The Paul's Children seem to have been the first to resume playing, quietly and modestly, no doubt testing the waters. After all, the boys' companies had one after another been officially suppressed between 1584 and 1590 because of their penchant for controversial material and the continual litigation among investors in the various earlier companies. Seeing the growing success of Paul's Boys, one of these earlier investors, Henry Evans, a Welsh scrivener, worked to reconstitute a company of boy actors at Blackfriars, seeking to make good on his aborted first attempt as a theatrical entrepreneur.
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Barr, William. "Shipwrecked on Mansel Island, Hudson Bay: Dr Henry Brietzcke's Arctic health cruise, 1864." Polar Record 28, no. 166 (July 1992): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400020647.
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ABSTRACTDuring 664 round trips between London and Hudson Bay from 1670 to 1913,21 of the supply ships of the Hudson's Bay Company were wrecked, mainly in the Bay or in Hudson Strait; a further seven were severely damaged. The year 1864 was remarkable in that out of three ships making the outward voyage to the Bay, two ran aground on Mansel Island only one hour apart. One ship, Prince Arthur, was wrecked and abandoned. The other, Prince of Wales, was refloated and was able to reach York Factory with Prince Arthur's crew on board. There Prince of Wales was condemned; the crews of both ships returned to England on board Ocean Nymph. The events of the double shipwreck, the sojourn of the crew at York Factory, and the voyage home have been reconstructed, mainly on the basis of the journal of the medical officer of the Prince Arthur, the logs of both ships, and other documents in the Hudson's Bay Company Archives.
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Moran, Leslie. "Carte de visite of ‘The Lord Chief Justice of England’ (Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn, 12th Baronet) by London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company, circa 1873." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 68, no. 3 (November 7, 2017): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v68i3.38.
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The carte de visite of ‘The Lord Chief Justice of England’ (Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn, 12th Baronet) by London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company that dates from the early 1870s is an object that provokes and challenges ways of thinking about the judiciary and visual culture and research on the judiciary more generally. It demands that consideration be given to a history of the relationship between the judiciary, photography and mass media that has been hidden from history by the long shadows of cameras in courts research. It provides an opportunity to consider how the technological innovations that turned photography into a mass media phenomenon impacted upon the making, distribution and use of pictures of judges.
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Law, Robin. "An Alternative Text of King Agaja of Dahomey's Letter to King George I of England, 1726." History in Africa 29 (2002): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172163.
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In an earlier issue of this journal I published the text of a letter to King George I of England written in the name of King “Trudo Audati” (better known under the name which he is given in in local tradition, Agaja) of the west African kingdom of Dahomey. Although dated 1726, this letter was received in England only in 1731, when it was belatedly delivered to London by Bulfinch Lambe, a former employee of the Royal African Company of England, who had spent some time in captivity in Dahomey, and who claimed to have written the letter at King Agaja's dictation. Lambe was accompanied to England by an African interpreter called “Captain Tom,” who vouched for the letter's authenticity; this man's African name was given as “Adomo Oroonoko Tomo,” though the middle name “Oroonoko” at least was surely not authentic, but borrowed from the popular romantic novel by Aphra Behn, Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave (1689). An official enquiry by the Board of Trade decided that the letter itself was a forgery, though on grounds I at least find unpersuasive; but it was acknowledged that Lambe had been charged with some sort of message from King Agaja, and arrangements were made for the repatriation of the interpreter “Adomo Oroonoko Tomo” to Dahomey, which was effected in the following year, 1732.
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Law, Robin. "Further Light on Bulfinch Lambe and the “Emperor of Pawpaw:” King Agaja of Dahomey's Letter to King George I of England, 1726." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171813.
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The story of Bulfinch Lambe (or Lamb) and his mission to London on behalf of the king of Dahomey (or “Emperor of Pawpaw”) has been told by Marion Johnson in an earlier article in this journal. Lambe was an employee of the Royal African Company in its factory at Jakin, the port of the kingdom of Allada, who was seized and detained by the king of Allada, as security for an unpaid debt, in 1722. He was still held prisoner in Allada when it was conquered by Agaja of Dahomey in 1724, and thus became a prisoner of the latter, who carried him off to his own capital at Abomey, further inland. Agaja soon conceived, perhaps at Lambe's suggestion, the idea of negotiating some sort of commercial agreement with the Royal African Company. A letter which Lambe wrote from Abomey to Jeremiah Tinker, Governor of the Company's factory in the neighboring kingdom of Whydah, in November 1724 reported that Agaja “talks much of settling a Correspondence with the Company, and of having White Men come here.” Lambe evidently offered himself as an intermediary, as a means of securing his release from captivity, and expressed the hope that he might persuade Agaja to acquiesce in his proposals “about my going and returning again with more White Men from the Company.” When Lambe was eventually released in 1726, this was on the understanding that he would return: Agaja himself told the English trader William Snelgrave in the following year that Lambe “had taken an Oath, and promised on his Faith, to return again in a reasonable Time with a Ship.”
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Pizzoni, Giada. "The English Catholic Church and the Age of Mercantilism: Bishop Richard Challoner and the South Sea Company." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342654.
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Abstract This article argues that the commercial economy contributed to sustain the English Catholic Church during the eighteenth century. In particular, it analyzes the financial dealings of Bishop Richard Challoner, Vicar Apostolic of the London Mission (1758-1781). By investing in the stock market, Challoner funded charitable institutions and addressed the needs of his church. He used the profits yielded by the Sea Companies for a variety of purposes: from basic needs such as buying candles, to long-term projects such as funding female schools. Bishop Challoner contributes to a new narrative on Catholicism in England and enriches the literature on the Mercantilist Age. The new Atlantic economy offered an opening and Catholics seized it. By answering the needs of the new fiscal-state, the Catholic Church ensured its survival, secured economic integration, and eventually achieved political inclusion.
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NAPITUPULU, RACHEL YOVANI ADRIANI. "ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PUTUSAN ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL YANG DIBATALKAN OLEH PENGADILAN NEGERI JAKARTA PUSAT (Studi Putusan Nomor: 631 K/ Pdt. Sus/ 2012)." Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP) 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jihap.v4i1.1636.
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Arbitration is dispute settlement outside the court which is final and binding. In an international contract, if the parties prefer to settle disputes through arbitration, arbitration institution has absolute authority to settle them. However, the implementation of arbitral decision is not effective yet, because the parties in some cases are found to be not ready to accept and respect an arbitral decision, so they submit a lawsuit to a District Court. This can be seen in the dispute between Harvey Nichols and Company Limited against Hamparan Nusantara Company and Mitra Adiperkasa Company. This is a normative juridical research with descriptive analysis. The main data consist of secondary data collected from library study and processed from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection instruments used is document study, then the data obtained are analyzed qualitatively. The results demonstrate that the legal implications of the preference of law and forum approved by Harvey Nichols and Company Limited with Hamparan Nusantara Company and Mitra Adiperkasa Company is the enactment of the Substantive Law of England and Wales and the dispute settlement forum used is an arbitration forum based in London, England. Analysis of judge’s legal considerations in this case is that the South Jakarta District Court is not supposed to be authorized to verify lawsuit in this case. In addition, it is necessary to have good faith of the parties to respect the arbitration clause in the contract, so that the arbitration clause can be effective. Reconstruction of the revocation of the arbitration decision is also required because there is still a disharmony between the laws on judge’s authority in Indonesia and the laws on arbitration that there is a legal gap that can be used by parties who are not satisfied with the arbitration decision. It is suggested that business actors be aware before binding themselves in a contract because the preference of law and forum clauses be carried out according to the agreement in case of any dispute in the future. Supervision from the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission is also necessary, so that the judges do not give decisions that deviate from positive law in Indonesia. Then, a revision of the Arbitration Law is also needed to create arbitration independence as a dispute settlement forum in Indonesia.
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Rawley, James A. "Richard Harris, Slave Trader Spokesman." Albion 23, no. 3 (1991): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051111.
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“So little is known of the separate traders,” lamented the historian of the Royal African Company, K. G. Davies, that he was reduced to perceptive speculation about their activity. The authority, Basil Williams, writing about the period 1714–1760, asserted, “The traffic in negro slaves was carried on mainly by the Royal African Company.…“ In actuality a great deal can be discovered about the separate traders and their activity. The papers of Humphry Morice provide a rich source for a merchant who was perhaps London's and Great Britain's foremost slave trader in the 1720s. The assertion that the traffic in Negro slaves was carried on mainly by the Royal African Company is easily refuted by materials in the Public Record Office. London separate traders dominated the trade for the first three decades of the eighteenth century giving way to Bristol traders in the 1730s, who in turn gave way to Liverpool ascendancy in the 1740s.The English slave trade between 1699 and 1729, energized by the end of monopoly and the booming international market for slaves in America, grew prodigiously. In these years England accounted for nearly one-half of all slaves exported from the west coast of Africa. London alone accounted for two-thirds of all slaves delivered by English ships.Although the period falls half a century and more before the classic exposition of the advantages of free trade over monopoly by Adam Smith, an English free trade doctrine had found expression in Sir Dudley North's pamphlet, Discourses upon Trade (1691), and parlimentary proceedings. Interlopers in the slave trade, smugglers in the lucrative Spanish-American trade who opposed parliamentary restriction on their activity, separate traders whose participation in the trade became legalized in 1698, and a variety of commercial, industrial, and planting interests all contributed in their fashion to an outlook favoring free trade in slaves.
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Love, W. R. F. "Some references to Aboriginal life in the Moreton region from Stobart's Journal (1853)." Queensland Archaeological Research 2 (January 1, 1985): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.2.1985.195.
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In the previous issue of Q.A.R. it was noted that G.K.E. Fairholme had three articles published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London in 1856 (Love 1984:97). Further research indicated that these were based upon information obtained during a trip down Moreton Bay in the company of the Lord Montagu party in 1853. This was revealed in the extensive Letter-Journal prepared by the Reverend Henry Stobart M.A., Tutor to Lord Montagu (Stobart 1896). It was compiled from letters he sent home to his mother in England. The Moreton Bay trip included Stradbroke Island, St. Helena Island, Pine River entrance, Bribie Island, Durundur, the Bunya scrub and Nerang Creek. Like Fairholme, Stobart writes about local aboriginal culture and thus provides a rare set of first-hand notes of use to archaeologists and culture historian alike.
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Kent, Marie. "The Piano-Industry Workforce in Mid-Victorian England: a Study of the 1881 Census." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 46 (2015): 95–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.2014.986259.
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The identification of nearly 6,500 members of the piano industry in the 1881 census of England presents the first ‘snapshot’ of the English workforce of any period in its history. Traditionally, research has focused on high-profile makers whose workmanship survives, but many hundreds of workers, and a far greater body of intellect – and more diverse body of labour – were involved in advancing the piano than that which is suggested by a small number of luminaries working in the capital. Yet hitherto, with few exceptions, this wider body of workers has remained anonymous. Without company documents or extant instruments to mark their contribution, the identity of the majority of the workforce might only be known through the census. Nearly 6,500 men, women and children worked in approximately 400 piano-related occupations across 42 English counties, the majority based in London. But these figures tell only part of the story. A more complex interpretation may be drawn from secondary information not immediately apparent from the data. The social standing, entrepreneurial spirit, family history, success and hardship of the workforce may all be appraised via the census, and their individual and collective careers provide a surprising insight into the piano-making industry in mid-Victorian England.
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O'HARA, JAMES E. "Henry Walter Bates—his life and contributions to biology." Archives of Natural History 22, no. 2 (June 1995): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1995.22.2.195.
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Henry Walter Bates was born in Leicester, England, on 8 February 1825. Early in life he developed a keen interest in natural history in general, and in insects in particular. He met and befriended Alfred Russel Wallace, and in 1848 the two embarked on a collecting expedition to the Amazon Valley. They soon parted company and thereafter collected separately in different areas of Amazonia. Bates returned to England 11 years later, in 1859. He was quick to embrace Darwin's and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection, and was one of the first to back the theory with evidence from the natural world. A case in point was Bates's theory of mimicry, which now bears his name. In 1863, his popular book The Naturalist on the River Amazons was published. Bates took the post of Assistant Secretary at the Royal Geographical Society of London in 1864 and continued in that position until his death in 1892. During that period he produced in his spare time a prodigious number of publications in systematic entomology, mostly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Many of his works were accompanied by insightful discussions of zoogeography, thus distinguishing Bates as one of the more remarkable and progressive systematists of his time.
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Hussey, Michael. "Global Muckraking." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.34.1.30-39.
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On October 9, 1907, Robert Bacon, Acting Secretary of State, wrote to the United States ambassador in London, Whitelaw Reid, that satirical postcards regarding the U.S. meat industry were circulating in South Africa. Originally published in England, these cards depict the plight of a rooming house lodger attempting to eat various samples of "Chicago tinned meat." In one scene, a scrawny fowl emerging from a can of potted chicken cries out, "Was anyone asking for me?" In another, the unfortunate lodger turns away and holds his nose as a can of "awful, rotten, [and] putrid" ham and tongue is opened. R.L. Graycroft, Cape Town general manager of the meatpacking firm Armour and Company, complained to the U.S. consul in that city that the postcards were libelous to "Chicago and damaging to our business." British colonial authorities had rejected Graycroft's allegation of libel since the cards never mentioned a particular meatpacking firm.
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Walling, Michael. "Achilles Comes to Palestine: Border Crossings’ This Flesh is Mine." New Theatre Quarterly 31, no. 3 (July 9, 2015): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x15000470.
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In April 2014, Michael Walling, Artistic Director of Border Crossings, worked in Palestine with a company of actors drawn partly from the UK and partly from the Ramallah-based Ashtar Theatre on a production of This Flesh is Mine, by Brian Woolland, Using the Iliad as a starting point, the play was set partly in a classical and partly in a modern world. In this article Michael Walling discusses how the production engaged with the contemporary Palestinian situation in terms of space, voice, and the body. He describes how the rehearsal process in Ramallah informed staging and textual decisions, and how questions of design, casting, and acting style came to carry political significance in relation to the Palestinian context, both as performed in Ramallah and in London. This Flesh is Mine was a coproduction by Border Crossings, Ashtar, and the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, and was funded by the Anna Lindh Foundation, Arts Council England, and the British Council.
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Schaser, Angelika. "The Diary of Heinrich Witt." European Journal of Life Writing 6 (May 8, 2017): R13—R19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.6.220.
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A biography of Heinrich Witt authored by Christa Wetzel opens an impressive edition of Witt’s diary, written during the 19th century. Heinrich Witt, born in 1799 in Altona into a protestant merchant family, emigrated in his twenties to Peru where he spent most of his lifetime until his death in 1892. After school, the young Witt started a career as a merchant in Altona and was sent to England by his father in 1823, then left Europe to travel to Peru in 1824. First he acted for a trading company in London which started a new branch in Arequipa, Peru. In 1842 he went into business for himself, firstly dealt with wool and textiles, and focused on financial business from the 1860s onwards. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on Janury 14th 2017 and published on April 29th 2017. New page numbers added on May 8th 2017
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Chaplin, Tracey D., Robin J. H. Clark, and Marcos Martinón-Torres. "A combined Raman microscopy, XRF and SEM–EDX study of three valuable objects – A large painted leather screen and two illuminated title pages in 17th century books of ordinances of the Worshipful Company of Barbers, London." Journal of Molecular Structure 976, no. 1-3 (July 2010): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.03.042.
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Guy, Donna J. "CLAH Lecture: Harrods Buenos Aires. The Case of the Unwanted Dresses, 1912–1940." Americas 77, no. 3 (July 2020): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.38.
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ABSTRACTIn 1912, a small department store called Harrods opened in Buenos Aires, one that by the 1920s expanded to almost a city block. Although named after the founder of the London store, the manager of Harrods London, Richard Burbidge, his son Woodman, and a few board members planned the purchase of land and opened the business, and then presented it to the entire London board. Unfamiliar with Buenos Aires, believing that women consumed more than men, and presuming that upper-class women there had the same consumer desires of those in England, the store opened catering to the upper-class female population and focused on readymade dresses. And, to the great surprise of the local manager, women of all classes did not want these dresses because they preferred to purchase cloth and take it to their dressmakers.The dilemma facing Harrods Buenos Aires, detailed in company reports in the archive of Harrods London and in scans of Buenos Aires Harrods archives in the possession of British bookseller Jennifer Wilton-Williams, show that sales reports, rather than studies of the Argentine market like those published by the US Department of Commerce, shaped the new department store's response. Until the 1940s, Harrods Buenos Aires focused on the sale of less expensive articles that came from its dining room, its cosmetics department, and infants’ and children's clothing. Furthermore, employees purchased more than 40 percent of the clothing. Originally imagined as the flagship of the upper-class female shopper, it ended up as a store for the middle class, especially women who bought gifts and enjoyed being seen in the dining room. It closed in 1998.
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Majid, Aman, Iliana Cardenes, Conrad Zorn, Tom Russell, Keith Colquhoun, René Bañares-Alcantara, and Jim W. Hall. "An Analysis of Electricity Consumption Patterns in the Water and Wastewater Sectors in South East England, UK." Water 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010225.
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The water and wastewater sectors of England and Wales (E&W) are energy-intensive. Although E&W’s water sector is of international interest, in particular due to the early experience with privatisation, for the time being, few published data on energy usage exist. We analysed telemetry energy-use data from Thames Water Utilities Ltd. (TWUL), the largest water and wastewater company in the UK, which serves one of the largest mega-cities in the world, London. In our analysis, we: (1) break down energy use into their components; (2) present a statistical approach to handling seasonal and random cycles in data; and (3) derive energy-intensity (kWh m−3) metrics and compare them with other regions in the world. We show that electricity use in the sector grew by around 10.8 ± 0.4% year−1 as the utility coped with growing demands and stormwater flooding. The energy-intensity of water services in each of the utility’s service zone was measured in the range 0.46–0.92 kWh m−3. Plans to improve the efficiency of the system could yield benefits in lower energy-intensity, but the overall energy saving would be temporary as external pressures from population and climate change are driving up water and energy use.
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Jarvis, Charles E., and Philip H. Oswald. "The collecting activities of James Cuninghame FRS on the voyage of Tuscan to China (Amoy) between 1697 and 1699." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 69, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2014.0043.
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James Cuninghame's visit to China (1697–99) yielded a great deal of valuable information on both natural and artificial objects as well as items of contemporaneous trade interest (for example china clay and a scarlet dye). However, the circumstances surrounding the voyage have long been unclear. Although it has previously been assumed that Cuninghame must have travelled on an East India Company vessel, it now seems that he was aboard Tuscan , one of two private trading ships (interlopers) bound for Amoy under the command of Henry Gough. After an incident in La Palma (Canary Islands), only Tuscan proceeded to China after her release by the Spanish authorities. Study of surviving correspondence between Cuninghame and a Canarian cleric, Juan Bautista Poggio, has contributed to a better understanding of the events in the early part of the voyage. Cuninghame made extensive natural history collections during the six months that Tuscan remained in Amoy, before returning to England in 1699, where his specimens delighted his London supporters, James Petiver and Hans Sloane.
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CLARK, GEOFFREY. "COMMERCE, CULTURE, AND THE RISE OF ENGLISH POWER." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (November 24, 2006): 1239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005814.
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Barclays: the business of banking, 1690–1996. By Margaret Ackrill and Leslie Hannah. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxi+481. ISBN 0-521-79035-2. £45.00.The worlds of the East India Company. Edited by H. V. Bowen, Margarette Lincoln, and Nigel Rigby. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2002. Pp. xvii+246. ISBN 0-85115-877-3. £45.00.Kingship and crown finance under James VI and I, 1603–1625. By John Cramsie. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2002. Pp. xi+242. ISBN 0-86193-259-5. £50.00.Mammon's music: literature and economics in the age of Milton. By Blair Hoxby. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+320. ISBN 0-300-09378-0. $45.00.Usury, interest, and the Reformation. By Eric Kerridge. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002. Pp. 206. ISBN 0-7546-0688-0. £55.00.The rise of commercial empires: England and the Netherlands in the age of mercantilism, 1650–1770. By David Ormrod. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xvii+400. ISBN 0-521-81926-1. £55.00.The rhetoric of credit: merchants in early modern writing. By Ceri Sullivan. London: Associated University Presses, 2002. Pp. 217. ISBN 0-8386-3926-7. £38.00.The unshackling of the European economy from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries was achieved, ironically, by the forging of new and stronger chains of trade and credit within nations, across regions, and around the globe. The seven books under review explore that process from different disciplinary standpoints, but chiefly as it affected England, the country that would become emblematic of commercial advancement and under whose sway the modern capitalist system emerged. How England managed this feat financially and commercially, politically and culturally, amidst the shifting opportunities and perils of these centuries is answered with an often impressive sophistication and imagination that take us well beyond hackneyed analyses prompted by the Weber–Tawney thesis.
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Baskerville, P. "Ambulatory anaesthesia and surgery Professor Paul White, W.B. Saunders Company, 24–28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX, England, 918 pp, ISBN 0-7020-1799-X." Ambulatory Surgery 5, no. 2 (August 1997): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6532(97)00032-2.
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Sicca, Cinzia M. "Consumption and trade of art between Italy and England in the first half of the sixteenth century: the London house of the Bardi and Cavalcanti company." Renaissance Studies 16, no. 2 (June 2002): 163–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-4658.00010.
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White, Jason C. "English Misadventures in the Red Sea and the Tangled Web of Jurisdiction, Sovereignty and Commerce in the Early Seventeenth Century." Britain and the World 13, no. 2 (September 2020): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0348.
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This article analyses the first three English ventures into the Red Sea from 1608–1614 under the auspices of the East India Company's fourth, sixth, and eighth voyages. These ventures experienced a variety of disasters from shipwreck, captivity, mutiny, and the deaths of crewmembers. The sixth voyage, commanded by Henry Middleton, experienced the worst of the disasters. Middleton ran afoul of Ottoman officials in the port city of Mocha in Yemen and was taken in chains to the regional capital of Sana'a. He eventually escaped and returned to the Red Sea to seek revenge by blockading the port and committing acts of piracy. Middleton's actions reverberated back to Istanbul and London, where the main point of contact between England and the Ottoman Empire, the Levant Company, was forced to deal with the fallout in order to maintain its presence in the Sultan's dominions. The article argues that, despite the failures of these voyages, they reveal a great deal about the nature of overlapping jurisdictions and sovereignty in the early modern world, and furthermore they provide an important window into the evolution of corporations into entities capable of putting together empires amongst these disparate jurisdictions.
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Gurr, Andrew. "Baubles on the water: sea travel in Shakespeare’s time." Sederi, no. 20 (2010): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34136/sederi.2010.3.
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The technical features of travel by water, on sea and up rivers, are not registered as strongly as it should be in studies of the Shakespearean period. In his great edition of The Spanish Tragedy Philip Edwards mocked the author’s assumption that the Portuguese Viceroy would have travelled to Spain by sea rather than overland, since the play also notes that the two countries have contiguous boundaries. He did not know how tortuous travel overland from Badajoz to Lisbon could be. A similar ignorance of the routine use of travel by boat around the coast of England and up its main rivers is evident in the studies of playing company travels in the many Records of Early English Drama. Its editors take too little notice of the likelihood that the professional playing companies used London’s shipping to carry their personnel and properties on their journeys round the country. The official records of the Privy Council and other state papers show how important access by river was for all bulk transport through England’s rivers. Shakespeare could well have travelled from London home to Stratford upon Avon by water. John Taylor the Water Poet wrote several verses about his own travels from London by water that amply demonstrate the ease and the familiarity to travellers of going anywhere by sea and river. But it was never an easy business. Shakespeare himself twice used the word “bauble” or “bubble” in different plays to describe the fragile nature of the vessels used for sea travel.
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Robinson, Howard D., and John L. Lucas. "Attenuation of Leachate in a Designed, Engineered and Instrumented Unsaturated Zone Beneath a Domestic Waste Landfill." Water Quality Research Journal 20, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1985.029.
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Abstract In recent years the effectiveness and reliability of “dilute and disperse” type landfills has been the subject of much debate. Much research has been reported which supports the view that intergranular unsaturated zones beneath sites can provide a high degree of aquifer protection, although detailed and continuing monitoring of such zones has been extremely rare. Aspinwall and Company are carrying out a major research project on behalf of the UK Department of the Environment at a landfill site in Southern England, which is operated by ARC South Eastern. The design of this landfill was produced by Aspinwall and Company, and is innovative in that it has incorporated an engineered, semi-permeable, attenuation blanket, using locally-available calcareous sands and silt, emplaced to a minimum height of 6 m above the water table. The site has a licence to deposit up to 1300 tonnes per day of domestic wastes derived from London. In early 1982 one portion of the quarry floor was selected for a programme of research, and over 100 instruments and sampling devices were installed before waste disposal began. A drilling programme during the summer of 1984 allowed further sampling, and the installation of more instruments within the wastes themselves, now about 2b to 30 m deep. This paper summarises and describes data obtained over the 3-year monitoring period to early 1985. The performance of the unsaturated zone is assessed, in terms of the attenuation of inorganic ions such as ammonia and chloride, and degradation of organic compounds such as fatty acids, which have occurred as leachate and gases have migrated from the wastes.
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Downes, Peter, Kenneth McNamara, and Alex Bevan. "Encounters with Charles Hartt, Louis Agassiz and the Diamonds of Bahia: The Geological Activities of the Reverend Charles Grenfell Nicolay in Brazil, 1858-1869." Earth Sciences History 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.33.1.95872j4m742v2g24.
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The Reverend Charles Grenfell Nicolay (1815-1897) made an important contribution to early geological work in Western Australia as a scientific adviser to the Colonial government and founder of the Colony's first public collection of rocks, minerals and fossils. During his early career he taught geography at King's and Queen's Colleges in London, before leaving London in 1858 to serve as the Anglican Church Chaplain to the British residents in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. We describe here some of his geological activities in Brazil over the period 1858-1869. He assisted Charles Frederick Hartt (1840-1878) and Louis Agassiz (1807-1873) on the Thayer Expedition of 1865-1866 in their geological investigations of the province of Bahia, most notably providing geological descriptions of the diamond deposits of the Chapada Diamantina, then a diamond province of world importance. After returning to England, he presented his findings on the Chapada Diamantina to the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Norwich in 1868. From May to August 1869, he made a brief return visit to Brazil acting as a geological advisor to the Brazilian Turba Company, who were hoping to exploit bituminous sedimentary deposits adjacent to the Bahia de Camamu, Bahia, in the production of oil and gas. Following his arrival in Western Australia, he corresponded with the Reverend William B. Clarke (1798-1878), in 1871-1872, on the subject of Brazilian diamonds, as Clarke sought to understand the diamond occurrences in eastern Australia. Through Clarke, Nicolay's description of the geology of the Chapada Diamantina was circulated to the Australian scientific community.