Academic literature on the topic 'Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory"
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Slichter, Charles P. "NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND THE BCS THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 20n21 (2010): 3787–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210056359.
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The author describes the inspiration for the experiment by Hebel and Slichter to measure the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time in superconductors, the design considerations for the experiment, the surprising experimental results, their theoretical treatment using the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory, and how comparing the nuclear relaxation results with those for ultrasound absorption confirmed the central idea of the BCS theory, the BCS pair wave function.
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Greenberg, O. W. "N-quantum approach to the BCS theory of superconductivity." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 9-10 (1994): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-073.
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A method of general applicability to the solution of second-quantized field theories at finite temperature is illustrated using the BCS (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer) model of superconductivity. Finite-temperature field theory is treated using the thermo field-theory formalism of Umezawa and collaborators. The solution of the field theory uses an expansion in thermal modes analogous to the Haag expansion in asymptotic fields used in the N-quantum approximation at zero temperature. The lowest approximation gives the usual gap equation.
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García, L. A., and M. de Llano. "Entropy and heat capacity in the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation theory of superconductors." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 26 (2019): 1950311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219503119.
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The new generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) quantum-statistical theory starts from a noninteracting ternary boson-fermion (BF) gas of two-hole Cooper pairs (2hCPs) along with the usual two-electron Cooper pairs (2eCPs) plus unpaired electrons. Here we obtain the entropy and heat capacity and confirm once again that GBEC contains as a special case the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory. The energy gap is first calculated and compared with that of BCS theory for different values of a new dimensionless coupling parameter n/n[Formula: see text] where n is the total electron number density and n[Formula: see text] that of unpaired electrons at zero absolute temperature. Then, from the entropy, the heat capacity is calculated. Results compare well with elemental-superconductor data suggesting that 2hCPs are indispensable to describe superconductors (SCs).
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Pines, David. "SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: FROM ELECTRON INTERACTION TO NUCLEAR SUPERFLUIDITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 20n21 (2010): 3814–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210056360.
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I present an expanded version of a talk given at the Urbana symposium that celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the microscopic theory of superconductivity by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer — BCS. I recall at some length, the work with my Ph.D. mentor, David Bohm, and my postdoctoral mentor, John Bardeen, on electron interaction in metals during the period 1948–55 that helped pave the way for BCS, describe the immediate impact of BCS on a small segment of the Princeton physics community in the early spring of 1957, and discuss the extent to which the Bardeen–Pines–Frohlich effective electron-electron interaction provided a criterion for superconductivity in the periodic system. I describe my lectures on BCS at Niels Bohr's Institute of Theoretical Physics in June 1957 that led to the proposal of nuclear superfluidity, discuss nuclear and cosmic superfluids briefly, and close with a tribute to John Bardeen, whose birth centennial we celebrated in 2008, and who was my mentor, close colleague, and dear friend.
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Wen, Hai-Hu. "Unconventional superconductivity after the BCS paradigm and empirical rules for the exploration of high temperature superconductors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2323, no. 1 (2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2323/1/012001.
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Abstract Superconducting state is achieved through quantum condensation of Cooper pairs which are new types of charge carriers other than single electrons in normal metals. The theory established by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) in 1957 can successfully explain the phenomenon of superconductivity in many single-element and alloy superconductors. Within the BCS scheme, the Cooper pairs are formed by exchanging the virtual vibrations of lattice (phonons) between two electrons with opposite momentum near the Fermi surface. The BCS theory has dominated the field of superconductivity over 64 years. Many superconductors discovered in past four decades, such as the heavy Fermion superconductors, cuprates, iron pnictide/chalcogenide and nickelates seem, however, to strongly violate the BCS picture. The most important issue is that, perhaps the BCS picture based on electron-phonon coupling are the special case for superconductivity, there are a lot of other reasons or routes for the Cooper pairing and superconductivity. In this short overview paper, we will summarize part of these progresses and try to guide readers to some new possible schemes of superconductivity after the BCS paradigm. We also propose several empirical rules for the exploration of high-temperature unconventional superconductors.
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ZHANG, S. S. "PAIRING CORRELATIONS WITH RESONANT CONTINUUM EFFECT IN THE RMF + ACCC + BCS APPROACH." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 08 (2009): 1761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013828.
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The relativistic mean field (RMF) + analytic continuation in the coupling constant (ACCC) + Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) approach is first presented to describe exotic nuclei by taking into account the resonant continuum effect in pairing correlations. Constant pairing strength is used in BCS approximation. Resonance parameters and wave functions are extracted from effective ACCC approach within the framework of the self-consistent RMF theory. The pairing energies, pairing correlation energies, binding energies, two-neutron separation energies, neutron rms radii, and neutron densities for neutron-rich even–even Ni isotopes are explored in the RMF + ACCC + BCS approach with NL3 effective interaction. It shows that the results are in good agreement with those of other theoretical approaches.
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WILCZEK, FRANK. "BCS AS FOUNDATION AND INSPIRATION: THE TRANSMUTATION OF SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 38 (2010): 3169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310034626.
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The BCS theory injected two powerful ideas into the collective consciousness of theoretical physics: pairing and spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the 50 years since the seminal work of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer, those ideas have found important use in areas quite remote from the stem application to metallic superconductivity. This is a brief and eclectic sketch of some highlights, emphasizing relatively recent developments in QCD and in the theory of quantum statistics, and including a few thoughts about future directions. A common theme is the importance of symmetry transmutation, as opposed to the simple breaking of electromagnetic U(1) symmetry in classic metallic superconductors.
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MALIK, G. P. "BCS-BEC CROSSOVER WITHOUT APPEAL TO SCATTERING LENGTH THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 08 (2014): 1450054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500544.
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BCS-BEC (an acronym formed from Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer and Bose–Einstein condensation) crossover physics has customarily been addressed in the framework of the scattering length theory (SLT), which requires regularization/renormalization of equations involving infinities. This paper gives a frame by frame picture, as it were, of the crossover scenario without appealing to SLT. While we believe that the intuitive approach followed here will make the subject accessible to a wider readership, we also show that it sheds light on a feature that has not been under the purview of the customary approach: the role of the hole–hole scatterings vis-à-vis the electron–electron scatterings as one goes from the BCS to the BEC end. More importantly, we show that there are critical values of the concentration (n)and the interaction parameter (λ) at which the condensation of Cooper pairs takes place; this is a finding in contrast with the view that such pairs are automatically condensed.
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Kaplan, Daniel, and Yoseph Imry. "High-temperature superconductivity using a model of hydrogen bonds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 22 (2018): 5709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803767115.
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Recently, there has been much interest in high-temperature superconductors and more recently in hydrogen-based superconductors. This work offers a simple model that explains the behavior of the superconducting gap based on naive BCS (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer) theory and reproduces most effects seen in experiments, including the isotope effect and Tc enhancement as a function of pressure. We show that this is due to a combination of the factors appearing in the gap equation: the matrix element between the proton states and the level splitting of the proton.
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Kerrouchi, S., N. H. Allal, M. Fellah та M. R. Oudih. "Evaluation of the β+ decay log ft value with inclusion of the neutron–proton pairing and particle number conservation". International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, № 02 (2015): 1550014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315500147.
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The particle number fluctuation effects, which are inherent to the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory, on the beta decay log ft values are studied in the isovector case. Expressions of the transition probabilities, of Fermi as well as Gamow–Teller types, which strictly conserve the particle number are established using a projection method. The probabilities are calculated for some transitions of isobars such as N ≃ Z. The obtained results are compared to values obtained before the projection. The nuclear deformation effect on the log ft values is also studied.
Books on the topic "Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory"
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Superfluidity and Superconductivity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0013.
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Chapter 13 addresses Bose condensation in superfluids (and superconductors), which involves the field operator ψ having a c-number component (<ψ(x,t)>≠0), challenging number conservation. The nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation is derived for this condensate wave function<ψ>=ψ−ψ˜, facilitating identification of the coherence length and the core region of vortex motion. The noncondensate Green’s function G˜1(1,1′)=−i<(ψ˜(1)ψ˜+(1′))+> and the nonvanishing anomalous correlation function F˜∗(2,1′)=−i<(ψ˜+(2)ψ˜+(1′))+> describe the dynamics and elementary excitations of the non-condensate states and are discussed in conjunction with Landau’s criterion for viscosity. Associated concepts of off-diagonal long-range order and the interpretation of <ψ> as a superfluid order parameter are also introduced. Anderson’s Bose-condensed state, as a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of number states, resolves issues of number conservation. Superconductivity involves bound Cooper pairs of electrons capable of Bose condensation and superfluid behavior. Correspondingly, the two-particle Green’s function has a term involving a product of anomalous bound-Cooper-pair condensate wave functions of the type F(1,2)=−i<(ψ(1)ψ(2))+>≠0, such that G2(1,2;1′,2′)=F(1,2)F+(1′,2′)+G˜2(1,2;1′,2′). Here, G˜2 describes the dynamics/excitations of the non-superfluid-condensate states, while nonvanishing F,F+ represent a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of Cooper-pair number states and off-diagonal long range order. Employing this form of G2 in the G1-equation couples the condensed state with the non-condensate excitations. Taken jointly with the dynamical equation for F(1,2), this leads to the Gorkov equations, encompassing the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) energy gap, critical temperature, and Bogoliubov-de Gennes eigenfunction Bogoliubons. Superconductor thermodynamics and critical magnetic field are discussed. For a weak magnetic field, the Gorkov-equations lead to Ginzburg–Landau theory and a nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation for the pair wave function and the associated supercurrent, along with identification of the Cooper pair density. Furthermore, Chapter 13 addresses the apparent lack of gauge invariance of London theory with an elegant variational analysis involving re-gauging the potentials, yielding a manifestly gauge invariant generalization of the London equation. Consistency with the equation of continuity implies the existence of Anderson’s acoustic normal mode, which is supplanted by the plasmon for Coulomb interaction. Type II superconductors and the penetration (and interaction) of quantized magnetic flux lines are also discussed. Finally, Chapter 13 addresses Josephson tunneling between superconductors.
Book chapters on the topic "Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory"
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Annett, James F. "The BCS theory of superconductivity." In Superconductivity, Superfluids, and Condensates. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507550.003.0006.
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Abstract In 1957 Bardeen Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) published the first truly microscopic theory of superconductivity. The theory was soon recognized to be correct in all the essential aspects, and to explain a number of important experimental phenomena. For example, the theory correctly explained the isotope effect: in which the transition temperature changes with the mass of the crystal lattice ions, M. The original BCS theory predicts that the isotope exponent α is 1/2. Most common superconductors agree very well with this prediction, as one can see in Table 6.1. However, it is also clear that there are exceptions to this prediction. Transition metals such as Molybdenum and Osmium (Mo, Os) show a reduced effect, and others such as Ruthenium, Ru, have essentially zero isotope effect.
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Singh Chauhan, Aridaman, Bhupendra Kumar, and Ajay Singh. "Thermoelectric Properties of Superconductor Quantum Dots Hybrid Devices." In Superconductivity - Physics and Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1008416.
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The study of supercurrent transport in hybrid superconductor quantum dot mesoscopic devices has been a prominent area of research for several decades due to its promising applications in nanoelectronics. This review provides a theoretical perspective on Josephson transport within these hybrid superconductor quantum dot systems. We begin with a concise overview of essential theoretical concepts, including Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) mean-field theory, Josephson effects, quantum dots, and Andreev bound states. Initially, we examine the Josephson and thermal transport through uncorrelated double quantum dots (single-level) arranged in a T-shaped side-coupled configuration and situated between two Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconducting leads, modeled using the single-impurity Anderson model’s Hamiltonian and solved via Green’s equation of motion technique. Subsequently, we review the current-phase relationship and the corresponding energy-phase relation of Andreev bound states (ABSs) for different quantum dot energy levels relative to the Fermi level and interdot-hopping parameter at absolute zero temperature. Finally, we explore the thermoelectric transport properties across the junction, analyzing the behavior of the Josephson supercurrent and quasi-particle current through the quantum dots under varying interdot-hopping, thermal biasing, and quantum dot energy level positions.
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Zangwill, Andrew. "The Love of His Life." In A Mind Over Matter. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869108.003.0009.
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The solid state physics community is electrified when Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS) announce their discovery of a microscopic model capable of explaining the phenomenon of superconductivity,which is observed in some metals at very low temperature. To understand Anderson’s contributions to this subject, this chapter begins with the phenomenology of superconductivity and then sketches a few key aspects of many-electron theory, including the concepts of collective excitations and quasiparticles. Anderson explains the apparent lack of gauge invariance of the BCS approach and then uses a sophisticated approximation to study the excited states of a superconductor. He travels to Russia where his theory gains the approval of Lev Landau and he demonstrates how to analyze so-called dirty superconductors. He collaborates indirectly with Robert Schrieffer to generalize the BCS model into a full-blown theory capable of describing any material where the electron-phonon interaction drives superconductivity.
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Annett, James F. "Superfluid 3He and unconventional superconductivity." In Superconductivity, Superfluids, and Condensates. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507550.003.0007.
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Abstract By about 1970 the Bardeen Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity was well established, and had led to major new discoveries, such as the Josephson effect. The theory of superfluidity in He was also clear in the outline, although the numerical problems of calculating observable quantities for a dense and strongly interacting Bose liquid were considerable with the computational tools available at that time. So, for many scientists the FB01eld of low temperature physics seemed to be nearing its completion.
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Bruus, Henrik, and Karsten Flensberg. "Superconductivity." In Many–Body Quantum Theory in Condensed Matter Physics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198566335.003.0018.
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Abstract The Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity is a corner stone in theoretical physics. Since it appeared in 1957, its influence has reached far beyond its original scope, which was to give a coherent explanation at the microscopic level of a wide range of intricate and fascinating phenomena in metals at low temperature, known as, and related to, superconductivity. Besides metallic superconductivity BCSlike theories has been used to explain superfluid 3He, the motion of nucleons in nuclei, and the dynamics of fundamental matter fields in high energy physics.
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Annett, James F. "The macroscopic coherent state." In Superconductivity, Superfluids, and Condensates. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507550.003.0005.
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Abstract We have seen in the previous chapters that the concept of the macroscopic wave functionΨ(r), is central to understanding atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC), superfluid He, and even superconductivity within the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) theory. But the connection between these ideas is not at all clear, since the atom condensates and He are bosonic systems, while super-conductivity is associated with the conduction electrons in metals which are fermions. The physical meaning of the GL order parameter was not explained until after 1957 when Bardeen Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) published the first truly microscopic theory of superconductivity. Soon afterward the connection was finally established by Gor’ kov. He was able to show that, at least in the range of temperatures near Tc, the GL theory can indeed be derived from the BCS theory. Furthermore this provides a physical interpretation of the nature of the order parameter. Essentially it is describing a macroscopic wave function, or condensate, of Cooper pairs.
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Karlsson, Erik b. "Superconductivity." In Solid State Phenomena. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198537786.003.0005.
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Abstract Magnetism and superconductivity are strongly interrelated; magnetic fields can destroy superconductivity, and superconductivity can prevent a magnetic field from entering into a conductor. Therefore it is evident that nuclear techniques, which measure magnetic fields and their fluctuations at local points of the probe nuclei, can provide detailed information on the superconducting state in various materials. NMR was applied at an early stage to study the Knight shift and nuclear spin relaxation around the superconducting transition temperature T c in conventional superconductors. The existence of the so-called Hebel-Slichter anomaly (Hebel and Stichter 1959) in the relaxation rate below T c was one of the strongest proofs of the validity of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory for these materials since it demonstrated the nature of the current carriers as quasi-particles. Of the nuclear spin methods discussed here, there has been only marginal use of DPAC for conventional superconductors and the same seems to be true for investigations of the high T c superconductors (HTSCs), whereas μSR has emerged as one of the major spectroscopies in this field.
Conference papers on the topic "Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory"
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Moriyama, Yuta, Yusuke Ueda, Tsukasa Hirao, Tomoya Tagami, Shun Takahashi, and Kenichi Yamashita. "Polarization Characteristics of Polaritonic BCS in CsPbBr3 Microcavity." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2022.p_ctu8_06.
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Room temperature polariton state in microcavity of lead-halide perovskite gathers much attention to study their fundamental quantum physics. In this study, we investigate the polarization characteristics of polaritonic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state in CsPbBr3 microcavities. The polariton mode shows a large birefringence due to the crystallographic anisotropy. At a high excitation density, we observed condensation switching phenomenon between the two polarized polariton modes.