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Journal articles on the topic 'Barium Calcium Titanate - Synthesis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Rai, Alok Kumar, K. N. Rao, L. Vinoth Kumar, and K. D. Mandal. "Synthesis and characterization of ultra fine barium calcium titanate, barium strontium titanate and Ba1−2xCaxSrxTiO3 (x=0.05, 0.10)." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 475, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.07.038.

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2

Busuioc, Cristina, Elena Olaret, Izabela-Cristina Stancu, Adrian-Ionut Nicoara, and Sorin-Ion Jinga. "Electrospun Fibre Webs Templated Synthesis of Mineral Scaffolds Based on Calcium Phosphates and Barium Titanate." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040772.

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The current work focuses on the development of mineral scaffolds with complex composition and controlled morphology by using a polymeric template in the form of nonwoven fibre webs fabricated through electrospinning. By a cross-linking process, gelatine fibres stable in aqueous solutions were achieved, these being further subjected to a loading step with two types of mineral phases: calcium phosphates deposited by chemical reaction and barium titanate nanoparticles as decoration on the previously achieved structures. Thus, hybrid materials were obtained and subsequently processed in terms of freeze-drying and heat treating with the purpose of burning the template and consolidating the mineral part as potential bone implants with improved biological response by external stimulation. The results confirmed the tunable morphology, as well as the considerable applicability of both as-prepared and final samples for the development of medical devices, which encourages the continuation of research in the direction of assessing the synergistic contribution of barium titanate domains polarisation/magnetisation by external applied fields.

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3

Krishna, P. S. R., Dhananjai Pandey, V. S. Tiwari, R. Chakravarthy, and B. A. Dasannacharya. "Effect of powder synthesis procedure on calcium site occupancies in barium calcium titanate: A Rietveld analysis." Applied Physics Letters 62, no. 3 (January 18, 1993): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108974.

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4

Zhang, Weiwei, Zhigang Shen, and Jianfeng Chen. "Preparation and characterization of nanosized barium calcium titanate crystallites by low temperature direct synthesis." Journal of Materials Science 41, no. 17 (September 2006): 5743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0103-y.

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5

Bucko, Miroslaw, Agnieszka Wilk, Jerzy Lis, Anna Toczek, and Lucjan Kozielski. "Photoluminescence and electrical properties in Pr-modified (Ba1-xCax)TiO3 multifunctional ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 14, no. 1 (2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2001077b.

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Mechanoluminescence materials, characterized with non-thermal light emission in response to mechanical stimuli, can have many applications in direct conversion of mechanical energy into light energy. The aim of this study was to develop wet chemistry approaches for the synthesis of the finest ceramic powders of barium calcium titanate for the use in the production of a mechanoluminescent detector. Wet chemistry route allows the control of the particle size of ceramic materials up to several nanometers. For the first time luminescence was recorded in Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 ceramics despite reports that light emission in BCT is possibly only over 23% of calcium content. The resulting ceramics showed high relative density, reasonable ferro and dielectric properties, and red light emission can be observed with the naked eye.

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6

Draghici, Alina-Denisa, Cristina Busuioc, Alexandra Mocanu, Adrian-Ionut Nicoara, Florin Iordache, and Sorin-Ion Jinga. "Composite scaffolds based on calcium phosphates and barium titanate obtained through bacterial cellulose templated synthesis." Materials Science and Engineering: C 110 (May 2020): 110704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.110704.

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7

Koju, Naresh, Prabaha Sikder, Bipin Gaihre, and Sarit B. Bhaduri. "Smart Injectable Self-Setting Monetite Based Bioceramics for Orthopedic Applications." Materials 11, no. 7 (July 22, 2018): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071258.

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The present study is the first of its kind dealing with the development of a specific bioceramic which qualifies as a potential material in hard-tissue replacements. Specifically, we report the synthesis and evaluation of smart injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) which we believe will be suitable for various kinds of orthopedic and spinal-fusion applications. The smart nature of this next generation orthopedic implant is attained by incorporating piezoelectric barium titanate (BT) particles into monetite-based (dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, DCPA) CPC composition. The main goal is to take advantage of the piezoelectric properties of BT, as electromechanical effect plays a vital role in fracture healing at the defect site and bone integration with the implant. Furthermore, radiopacity of BT would help in easy detection of the CPC presence at the fracture site during surgery. Results reveal that BT addition favors important properties of bone cement such as good compressive strength, injectability, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and even washout resistance. Most importantly, the self-setting nature of the bone cements are not compromised with BT incorporation. The in vitro results confirm that the developed bone-cement abides by the standard orthopedic requirements making it apt for real-time prosthetic materials.

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8

CARDONA-VÁSQUEZ, J. A., M. E. GÓMEZ, D. A. LANDÍNEZ-TÉLLEZ, and J. ROA-ROJAS. "STUDY OF BIFERROIC PROPERTIES IN THE La0.37Ca0.17Ba0.43Mn0.52Ti0.44Zr0.04O3 COMPLEX PEROVSKITE." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 27 (October 15, 2013): 1350200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491350200x.

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In this paper, details of synthesis and structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic characterization of the new La 0.37 Ca 0.17 Ba 0.43 Mn 0.52 Ti 0.44 Zr 0.04 O 3 multiferroic complex perovskite are reported. Mixtures with 50% mass of ferromagnetic lanthanum calcium manganite La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 and ferroelectric barium-lanthanum zirconate titanate Ba 0.9 La 0.067 Ti 0.91 Zr 0.09 O 3 were prepared by the solid state reaction technique. Patterns of X-ray diffraction showed that the materials have reacted resulting in a new perovskite-like structure with tetragonal symmetry, space group P4mm(#99). The structure of the material was refined using the Rietveld method through the GSAS code. ZFC and FC magnetization curves show the occurrence of two phase transitions at 42.25 K and 203.9 K which have been associated with two different magnetic regimes. Hysteresis curves measured confirm that the relationship between the applied field and the magnetization does not evidence a linear behavior. These curves also show that in the low temperature regime the magnetic memory of the material is greater than in the high temperature region. AC impedance as a function of temperature measurements show the same two regions observed in the magnetization curves. The ferroelectric behavior with relative permittivity of 153.12 is observed by polarization curves performed at room temperature in the synthesized materials.

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9

Praveen, Paul J., Kranti Kumar, and Dibakar Das. "Structure Property Correlation in Barium Zirconate Titanate–Barium Calcium Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 66, no. 4 (May 22, 2013): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-013-0263-9.

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10

Wang, Xiaoyan, Yanxue Tang, Xiyun He, Xia Zeng, Qizhuang He, Zifei Peng, and DAZHI SUN. "Luminescence of Pr-Doped Barium Titanate-Calcium Titanate Material." Ferroelectrics 411, no. 1 (November 2, 2010): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2010.493079.

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11

HERTL, W. "Kinetics of Barium Titanate Synthesis." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 71, no. 10 (October 1988): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1988.tb07540.x.

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12

Stojanovic, B. D., A. Z. Simoes, C. O. Paiva-Santos, C. Jovalekic, V. V. Mitic, and J. A. Varela. "Mechanochemical synthesis of barium titanate." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25, no. 12 (January 2005): 1985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.03.003.

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13

Chen, Huei-Jyh, and Yu-Wen Chen. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Barium Titanate." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 3 (February 2003): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie010796q.

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14

Čeh, M., and D. Kolar. "Solubility of calcium oxide in barium titanate." Materials Research Bulletin 29, no. 3 (March 1994): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(94)90023-x.

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15

Малышкина, Ольга Витальевна, Александра Ивановна Иванова, Кристина Сергеевна Карелина, and Роман Андреевич Петров. "STRUCTURE FEATURES OF BARIUM AND CALCIUM TITANATE CERAMICS." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 12() (December 15, 2020): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2020.12.652.

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В работе получены и исследованы образцы керамики на основе титаната бария и титаната кальция. Проведен анализ элементного состава полученной керамики. Показано, что в твердый раствор титанат кальция-бария BaCaTiO кальций входит с x<0,3 . В образцах керамики с x≥0,3 избыток CaTiO рекристаллизуется отдельными зернами. Увеличение концентрации кальция приводит как к уменьшению размера образцов, так и к уменьшению его плотности. Значительное увеличение размера зерен (в несколько раз) керамики BaTiO по сравнению с керамикой CaTiO приводит к соответствующему увеличению микротвердости образцов. Samples of ceramics based on barium titanate and calcium titanate were obtained and studied. We have analyzed the elemental composition of the obtained composite. It is shown that calcium-barium titanate BaCaTiO solid solution contains calcium with х<0,3. In ceramic samples with х≥0,3, an excess of CaTiO was recrystallized in individual grains. An increase in the concentration of calcium leads to both a decrease in the size of the samples and a decrease in its density. An increase in the grain size (by several times) of the BaTiO ceramics in comparison with the CaTiO ceramics leads to a corresponding increase in the microhardness of the samples.

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16

Obradovic, N., M. V. Nikolic, N. Nikolic, S. Filipovic, M. Mitric, V. Pavlovic, P. M. Nikolic, A. R. Djordjevic, and M. M. Ristic. "Synthesis of barium-zinc-titanate ceramics." Science of Sintering 44, no. 1 (2012): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1201065o.

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Mixtures of BaCO3, ZnO and TiO2 powders, with molar ratio of 1:2:4, were mechanically activated for 20, 40 and minutes in a planetary ball mill. The resulting powders were compacted into pellets and isothermally sintered at 1250?C for 2h with a heating rate of 10?C/min. X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained powders and sintered samples was performed in order to investigate changes of the phase composition. The microstructure of sintered samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The photoacoustic phase and amplitude spectra of sintered samples were measured as a function of the laser beam modulating frequency using a transmission detection configuration. Fitting of experimental data enabled determination of photoacoustic properties including thermal diffusivity. Based on the results obtained correlation between thermal diffusivity and experimental conditions, as well the samples microstructure characteristics, was discussed.

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17

Medvedev, E. F. "Technological methods for barium titanate synthesis." Glass and Ceramics 55, no. 9-10 (September 1998): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02694776.

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18

Anuradha, T. V., S. Ranganathan, Tanu Mimani, and K. C. Patil. "Combustion synthesis of nanostructured barium titanate." Scripta Materialia 44, no. 8-9 (May 2001): 2237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(01)00755-2.

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19

Puli, Venkata Sreenivas, Ashok Kumar, Douglas B. Chrisey, M. Tomozawa, J. F. Scott, and Ram S. Katiyar. "Barium zirconate-titanate/barium calcium-titanate ceramics via sol–gel process: novel high-energy-density capacitors." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, no. 39 (September 9, 2011): 395403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/39/395403.

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20

de Andrade, Mônica C., Geysa N. Carneiro, Elizabeth L. Moreira, Jorge C. Araújo, and Valéria C. A. Moraes. "Synthesis and Characterization of Barium Titanate by Solid-State Reaction." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.285.

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Solid-state reactions were used to synthesize pure and doped barium titanate powder. Barium titanate formation with tetragonal perovskite structure was detected by X-ray diffraction and occurred at a temperature above 700°C for pure powder and 500°C for doped powder. However, quite crystalline samples were observed only at 800oC and 600°C for pure and doped barium titanate, respectively, what made the refinement of the synthesized powders possible. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction data was analyzed by using the Fullprof Rietveld refinement approach, Thompson-Cox-Hastings pseudo-Voigt with function. The refinement method was effective in the study of the temperature influence on the microstructure of the analysis of pure and doped barium titanate.

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21

Lei, Ji Xia, Xiao Lin Liu, and Jian Feng Chen. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Nanocrystalline Barium Titanate Powders." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.23.

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Nano-sized barium titanate powders were prepared by the high-gravity reactive precipitation (HGRP)-hydrothermal method. The properties and defects of hydrothermal barium titanate crystallites were investigated by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The mean particle size of the hydrothermal barium titanate was about 70 nm with narrow particle size distribution. The crystallite phases and OH defects were focused. The results show that the powders without heat treatment were crystallized as cubic-BaTiO3 and the absence of tetragonal with increasing calcined temperature to 1100°C. The IR results exhibited the OH defect content in the crystallites was to increase the heat treatment temperature and reduced the probability of forming barium vacancies.

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22

Genov, L., M. Maneva, and V. Parvanova. "Synthesis and thermal decomposition of barium peroxytitanate to barium titanate." Journal of Thermal Analysis 33, no. 3 (September 1988): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02138579.

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23

Jin, Xueqin, Dazhi Sun, Mingjun Zhang, Yudan Zhu, and Juanjuan Qian. "Investigation on FTIR spectra of barium calcium titanate ceramics." Journal of Electroceramics 22, no. 1-3 (January 3, 2008): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9402-1.

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24

Korneev, N., D. Mayorga, H. Veenhuis, K. Buse, and E. Krätzig. "Dynamic bulk photovoltaic effect in photorefractive barium calcium titanate." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 16, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.16.001725.

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25

Barbosa, L. B., D. Reyes Ardila, and J. P. Andreeta. "Crystal growth of congruent barium calcium titanate by LHPG." Journal of Crystal Growth 231, no. 4 (October 2001): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(01)01455-5.

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26

Varatharajan, R., S. B. Samanta, R. Jayavel, C. Subramanian, A. V. Narlikar, and P. Ramasamy. "Ferroelectric characterization studies on barium calcium titanate single crystals." Materials Characterization 45, no. 2 (August 2000): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(00)00053-x.

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27

Zhao, Jianling, Xiaohui Wang, Renzheng Chen, and Longtu Li. "Synthesis of thin films of barium titanate and barium strontium titanate nanotubes on titanium substrates." Materials Letters 59, no. 18 (August 2005): 2329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.02.075.

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28

Bacsa, R. R., G. Rutsch, and J. P. Dougherty. "Electrochemical synthesis of barium titanate thin films." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0023.

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Polycrystalline films of barium titanate (BaTiO3) have been synthesized on titanium (Ti) substrates by the galvanostatic anodization of Ti in a solution of 0.4 M Ba(OH)2. Crystalline films are formed at temperatures under 100 °C within 10 min at a current density of 25 mA/cm2 at atmospheric pressure. Crystallinity of the films is found to increase with both current density and time of reaction. At 90 °C, a film of 1 μm thickness is formed after 10 min; grain sizes up to 0.5 μm are obtained. Microstructure of the films is found to be critically dependent on the pretreatment of the titanium anode. Capacitance measurements on the film yield a dielectric constant of 200 with a minimum tan delta of 0.09 at 10 kHz. On the basis of the voltage-time curves, it is interpreted that an amorphous intermediate is formed which crystallizes to form perovskite BaTiO3.

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29

Sun, Weian, and Junqin Li. "Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal barium titanate." Materials Letters 60, no. 13-14 (June 2006): 1599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.11.078.

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30

Guo, Litong, Hongjie Luo, Jiqiang Gao, Lizhi Guo, and Jianfeng Yang. "Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of barium titanate powders." Materials Letters 60, no. 24 (October 2006): 3011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.02.035.

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31

Fang, Chris Y., Chiping Wang, Anton V. Polotai, Dinesh K. Agrawal, and Michael T. Lanagan. "Microwave synthesis of nano-sized barium titanate." Materials Letters 62, no. 17-18 (June 2008): 2551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.12.045.

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32

Dutta, Prabir K., and J. R. Gregg. "Hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3)." Chemistry of Materials 4, no. 4 (July 1992): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00022a019.

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33

Datta, Gita, H. S. Maiti, and A. Paul. "Synthesis of barium titanate at Iow temperature." Journal of Materials Science Letters 6, no. 7 (July 1987): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01729014.

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34

Huang, Kuan-Chih, Tung-Ching Huang, and Wen-Feng Hsieh. "Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Barium Titanate Nanostructures." Inorganic Chemistry 48, no. 19 (October 5, 2009): 9180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic900854x.

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35

Yu, Jianding, Paul-François Paradis, Takehiko Ishikawa, Shinichi Yoda, Izumi Miura, and Yue-Jin Shan. "Synthesis of barium titanate by electrostatic levitation." Journal of Crystal Growth 273, no. 3-4 (January 2005): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.096.

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36

Vijatovic, M. M., J. D. Bobic, and B. D. Stojanovic. "History and challenges of barium titanate: Part I." Science of Sintering 40, no. 2 (2008): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0802155v.

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Barium titanate is the first ferroelectric ceramics and a good candidate for a variety of applications due to its excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Barium titanate is a member of a large family of compounds with the general formula ABO3 called perovskites. Barium titanate can be prepared using different methods. The synthesis method depends on the desired characteristics for the end application. The used method has a significant influence on the structure and properties of barium titanate materials. In this review paper, Part I contains a study of the BaTiO3 structure and frequently used synthesis methods.

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37

Askar, Anwar, Doreya Ibrahim, Doaa Abdel Aziz, Mubarak Ali, and Ezzat El-Fadaly. "Preparaion Of Lead Free Nanosized Barium Titanate And Barium Calcium Titanate-Zirconate Powders By Using Urea Formaldehyde Resin." Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesr.2020.136577.

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38

Hou, Dong, Elena Aksel, Chris M. Fancher, Tedi-Marie Usher, Takuya Hoshina, Hiroaki Takeda, Takaaki Tsurumi, and Jacob L. Jones. "Formation of sodium bismuth titanate-barium titanate during solid-state synthesis." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 100, no. 4 (January 12, 2017): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.14631.

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39

Trofimchuk, E. S., M. A. Moskvina, V. G. Shevchenko, and N. I. Nikonorova. "Low-temperature synthesis of barium titanate in the mesoporous polyethylene matrices." Perspektivnye Materialy 3 (2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-3-78-86.

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A nanocomposite based on high-density polyethylene with barium titanate (content of 13 – 15 wt. %) was obtained as a result of low-temperature synthesis of the inorganic component directly in the mesopores of an oriented polymer matrix using the sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal treatment in an alkaline medium. Crystallization of barium titanate in nanopores is detected by X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy to occur mainly in a cubic crystalline modification with an average crystallite size of 16 nm and to form chain structures. A comparative assessment of the dielectric properties of a polymer nanocomposite and powder barium titanate synthesized under similar conditions is carried out.

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40

Maxim, F., P. Ferreira, P. M. Vilarinho, A. Aimable, and P. Bowen. "Electron-microscopic observation of BaTiO3 prepared by additive assisted aqueous synthesis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S3 (July 2009): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609990717.

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AbstractBulk barium titanate (BaTiO3) has found widespread applications especially in multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and embedded decoupling capacitors (EDC). In the last years, the interest in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured ferroelectric systems (nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanofibers) is increasing. Recently theoretical studies reported an enhancement of ferroelectricity in 1D systems. Although the hydrothermal and aqueous synthesis of equiaxed barium titanate powders have been thoroughly investigated the growth of barium titanate anisotropic nanoparticles still less known. Indeed it is particularly dificult to modify the crystal habit by hydrothermal and related methods. However it is expected that the presence of some additives during the synthesis will change the growth kinetics.

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41

Chien, A. T., J. S. Speck, F. F. Lange, A. C. Daykm, and C. G. Levi. "Low temperature/low pressure hydrothermal synthesis of barium titanate: Powder and heteroepitaxial thin films." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 7 (July 1995): 1784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1784.

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Barium titanate powder and heteroepitaxial thin films were successfully produced by hydrothermal routes at ambient pressure and temperatures less than 100 °C. This processing method provides a simple low temperature route for producing epitaxied barium titanate thin films on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates and powders which could also be extended to other systems. A dissolution/reprecipitation growth mechanism also was proposed for the formation of barium titanate by this route using previously published aqueous stability diagrams. Repeated hydrothermal treatments improved film thickness and surface coverage at the expense of increased surface roughness.

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42

Puli, Venkata Sreenivas, Muhammad Ejaz, Ravinder Elupula, Manish Kothakonda, Shiva Adireddy, Ram S. Katiyar, Scott M. Grayson, and Douglas B. Chrisey. "Core-shell like structured barium zirconium titanate-barium calcium titanate–poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites for dielectric energy storage capacitors." Polymer 105 (November 2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.020.

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43

Gatea, Hamed A., and Iqbal Nahi. ""Synthesis and characterization of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 perovskite thin films prepared by Sol Gel Technique "." Muthanna Journal of Pure Science 7, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/2/07.02.2020/1-11.

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"Barium strontium Titanate (BST) is a solid solution consist of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 that mixed with suitable ratio. Barium strontium Titanate oxide (Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3) thin films prepared by sol gel technique. Barium strontium Titanate thin films deposited on Si substrate and annealed at [400,500, 600 and 700] ºC. The characterization of BST films investigated by a different technique, the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Macroscopy (SEM) revealed the phases, crystal structure and surface topography of the films. XRD pattern shows tetragonal phase for Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 perovskite structure with many peaks for different plans. The films annealed at the different temperature that indicated intermediate phases on perovskite structure of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3.

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Vijatovic, M. M., J. D. Bobic, and B. D. Stojanovic. "History and challenges of barium titanate: Part II." Science of Sintering 40, no. 3 (2008): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0803235v.

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Abstract:

Barium titanate is the first ferroelectric ceramics and a good candidate for a variety of applications due to its excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Barium titanate is a member of a large family of compounds with the general formula ABO3 which is called perovskite. Barium titanate can be prepared using different methods. The synthesis method depends on the desired characteristics for the end application and the method used has a significant influence on the structure and properties of barium titanate materials. In this review paper, in Part II the properties of obtained materials and their application are presented.

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Lhoussain, Kadira, Elmesbahi Abdelilah, and Sayouri Salaheddine. "Dielectric study of calcium doped barium titanate Ba1-xCaxTiO3 ceramics." International Journal of Physical Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijps2015.4415.

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Malovichko, G., V. Grachev, R. Pankrath, and O. Schirmer. "Photosensitive centers and charge transfer processes in barium calcium titanate." Ferroelectrics 258, no. 1 (January 2001): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190108008669.

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Xu, Tianxiang, Krzysztof Switkowski, Xin Chen, Shan Liu, Kaloian Koynov, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, Jiyang Wang, Yan Sheng, and Wieslaw Krolikowski. "Three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal in ferroelectric barium calcium titanate." Nature Photonics 12, no. 10 (August 6, 2018): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0225-1.

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Kang, Dae-Seok, Myung-Soo Han, Sung-Gap Lee, and Seong-Hae Song. "Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of barium strontium calcium titanate ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23, no. 3 (March 2003): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00085-7.

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Kuper, Ch, K. Buse, U. Van Stevendaal, M. Weber, T. Leidlo, H. Hesse, and E. Krätzig. "Electrooptic and photorefractive properties of ferroelectric barium-calcium titanate crystals." Ferroelectrics 208-209, no. 1 (April 1998): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199808014876.

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Schwalenberg, S., and E. Krätzig. "Parametric holographic scattering processes in photorefractive barium–calcium titanate crystals." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 6, no. 4 (February 13, 2004): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/6/4/009.

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