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1
Romimohtarto, Kasijan, and Okto Haryanto Arinardi. "STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF BARNACLE LARVAE AND THE BARNACLE FOULING IN THE ESTUARINE AREA OF MUARA KARANG." Marine Research in Indonesia 20 (May 10, 2018): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v20i0.380.
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Estuary hosts many of the meroplanktonic lives of marine animals, among which are the barnacles. The study of the seasonal abundance of the barnacle larvae and of the barnacle attachments at Muara Karang during 1975-1976 indicated that barnacle larvae and barnacle attachments occurred throughout the year. However, certain peaks of the larvae abundance and the high densities of attachment were found in certain months of the year. The peaks of larvae distribution were observed in April 1975, June 1975, September 1975, and January 1976. In general the density of the attached barnacles on panels was highest during the period of March - August, and lowest during December-February. The physical, biological, and sedimentological factors in relation with the distribution of the barnacle larvae and the density of the attached barnacles were discussed. Two governing factors seemed to be the wave and the sediment load. Relationship between the abundance of the barnacle larvae and the density of attachment was difficult to see.
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Metzler, Rebecca A., Jessica O'Malley, Jack Herrick, et al. "Amphibalanus amphitrite begins exoskeleton mineralization within 48 hours of metamorphosis." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (2020): 200725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200725.
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Barnacles are ancient arthropods that, as adults, are surrounded by a hard, mineralized, outer shell that the organism produces for protection. While extensive research has been conducted on the glue-like cement that barnacles use to adhere to surfaces, less is known about the barnacle exoskeleton, especially the process by which the barnacle exoskeleton is formed. Here, we present data exploring the changes that occur as the barnacle cyprid undergoes metamorphosis to become a sessile juvenile with a mineralized exoskeleton. Scanning electron microscope data show dramatic morphological changes in the barnacle exoskeleton following metamorphosis. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicates a small amount of calcium (8%) 1 h post-metamorphosis that steadily increases to 28% by 2 days following metamorphosis. Raman spectroscopy indicates calcite in the exoskeleton of a barnacle 2 days following metamorphosis and no detectable calcium carbonate in exoskeletons up to 3 h post-metamorphosis. Confocal microscopy indicates during this 2 day period, barnacle base plate area and height increases rapidly (0.001 mm 2 h −1 and 0.30 µm h −1 , respectively). These results provide critical information into the early life stages of the barnacle, which will be important for developing an understanding of how ocean acidification might impact the calcification process of the barnacle exoskeleton.
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Boessenecker, Robert W. "Taphonomic implications of barnacle encrusted sea lion bones from the middle Pleistocene Port Orford Formation, coastal Oregon." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 4 (2013): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-005.
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Fossil evidence of barnacle encrustation of vertebrate bones is reported from the middle Pleistocene Port Orford Formation of southern coastal Oregon. This material includes two associated thoracic vertebrae and a femur referable to the extinct sea lion Proterozetes ulysses that are encrusted by 1400+ individual barnacles (cf. Hesperibalanus hesperius), and a scapula of Zalophus californianus with barnacle attachment scars. In areas, the encrusting barnacles exhibit a roughly bimodal size range, and small barnacles are observed directly encrusting other larger individuals. The size, probable age, and lifespan of extant Hesperibalanus hesperius indicates a minimum period of four to seven months of seafloor exposure between decomposition and burial, although this estimate must be longer because at least two colonization events are represented. Barnacle attachment traces are identified as Anellusichnus circularis. The wide distribution of barnacles on some of these bones suggests these were regularly overturned by bottom currents, which would prevent barnacles from being smothered by prolonged contact with the sediment. Detailed study of barnacle-induced trace fossils on these specimens suggests that episkeletozoans and their traces can be useful sources of data regarding the biostratinomic history of vertebrate fossils.
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Ellrich, Julius A., Takefumi Yorisue, and Kyosuke Momota. "Limpet disturbance effects on barnacle recruitment are related to recruitment intensity but not recruit size." PeerJ 8 (June 2, 2020): e9190. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9190.
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Intertidal limpets are important grazers along rocky coastlines worldwide that not only control algae but also influence invertebrates such as common barnacles. For instance, grazing limpets ingest settling barnacle cyprid larvae (hereafter cyprids) and push cyprids and barnacle recruits off the substrate. Such limpet disturbance effects (LDEs) can limit barnacle recruitment, a key demographic variable affecting barnacle population establishment and persistence. In this study, we examined limpet (Lottia cassis) disturbance to barnacle (Chthamalus dalli, Balanus glandula) recruitment on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan, as information on limpet-barnacle interactions from this region is missing. We investigated, for the first time, whether barnacle size and recruitment intensity influence LDEs on barnacle recruitment. Small barnacles may be less susceptible to LDEs than larger barnacles, because small size may reduce the propbability of limpet disturbance. Moreover, recruitment intensity can influence LDEs, as high recruitment can compensate for LDEs on barnacle recruitment density. In Hokkaido, C. dalli cyprids are smaller than B. glandula cyprids, and C. dalli recruitment is higher than B. glandula recruitment. Thus, we hypothesized that LDEs on C. dalli recruitment would be weaker than those on B. glandula recruitment. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a field experiment during which we manipulated limpet presence/absence on the interior surfaces of ring-shaped cages. After four weeks, we measured barnacle recruitment and recruit size on the interior surfaces of the cages and found negative LDEs on C. dalli and B. glandula recruitment and recruit size. As hypothesized, the LDEs on C. dalli recruitment were weaker than the LDEs on B. glandula recruitment. Additionally, C. dalli recruits were smaller than B. glandula recruits. However, the LDEs on C. dalli recruit size were as strong as the LDEs on B. glandula recruit size, indicating that the smaller C. dalli recruits are not less susceptible to LDEs than B. glandula recruits. Since C. dalli recruitment was higher than B. glandula recruitment, we propose that the higher C. dalli recruitment compensated for the LDEs on C. dalli recruitment. Our findings indicate that the detected differences in LDEs on barnacle recruitment are related to barnacle recruitment intensity but not recruit size.
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Qin, Yuwen. "The Impact of Barnacles Attachments on Sea Turtles." Theoretical and Natural Science 112, no. 1 (2025): 42–47. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au23408.
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Barnacles are a sessile crustacean that attaches to the outer surface of sea turtles. Sea turtles are key species in marine ecosystems, and studying the impact of barnacles on sea turtles can indirectly reflect the health status of marine ecosystems. This paper aims to investigate the ecological impact of barnacle infestation on sea turtles, to discover the trend of barnacle load levels and their relationship with turtle health, and further explore how barnacle infestation affects the survival and behavior of sea turtles. The research findings show that light barnacle attachment does not cause harm. The severity of barnacle infection determines its impact on turtle movement while causing skin injuries and making them more vulnerable to infections. Barnacles sometimes function as health indicators instead of being direct threats to turtles. Our knowledge about turtle ecology has expanded through the analysis of research data from various geographic areas and periods. Barnacles' population changes are indicators of invasive species movements, while their distribution patterns invasively correlate with the water temperature and salinity levels. The study thus brings out the importance of separating epiphytes from overgrowth in the context of marine ecosystems. Marine biologists and ecologists who work on monitoring the health of turtles will be able to grasp the significance of distinguishing between epiphytes and overgrowth, as well as to develop assessment protocols.
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Coletti, Giovanni, Giulia Bosio, Alberto Collareta, John Buckeridge, Sirio Consani, and Akram El Kateb. "Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Miocene barnacle facies: case studies from Europe and South America." Geologica Carpathica 69, no. 6 (2018): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2018-0034.
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Abstract Acorn barnacles are sessile crustaceans common in shallow-water settings, both in modern oceans and in the Miocene geological record. Barnacle-rich facies occur from polar to equatorial latitudes, generally associated with shallow-water, high-energy, hard substrates. The aim of this work is to investigate this type of facies by analysing, from the palaeontological, sedimentological and petrographical points of view, early Miocene examples from Northern Italy, Southern France and South-western Peru. Our results are then compared with the existing information on both modern and fossil barnacle-rich deposits. The studied facies can be divided into two groups. The first one consists of very shallow, nearshore assemblages where barnacles are associated with an abundant hard-substrate biota (e.g., barnamol). The second one includes a barnacle-coralline algae association, here named “barnalgal” (= barnacle / red algal dominated), related to a deeper setting. The same pattern occurs in the distribution of both fossil and recent barnacle facies. The majority of them are related to very shallow, high-energy, hard-substrate, a setting that represents the environmental optimum for the development of barnacle facies, but exceptions do occur. These atypical facies can be identified through a complete analysis of both the skeletal assemblage and the barnacle association, showing that barnacle palaeontology can be a powerful tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.
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ACHITUV, YAIR, and NOA SIMON-BLECHER. "Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a sponge-inhabiting barnacle." Zootaxa 1319, no. 1 (2006): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1319.1.3.
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A new species of coral-inhabiting barnacle, Pyrgopsella youngi, is described. It was found in a colony of the coral Symphyllia radians Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 from Sulawesi, Indonesia. The barnacles were suspended in the coral tissue and were easily detached. A unique feature of Pyrgopsella is its membranous basis; in P. youngi the calcareous basis is reduced to a vestige by which the barnacle is attached to the coral. Pyrgopsella has been regarded as a genus of sponge-inhabiting barnacle, thus unique in the otherwise coral-associated family Pyrgomatidae, but our findings confirm that this genus too comprises coral-inhabiting barnacles. We propose a new genus, Pyrgospongia, to accommodate the sponge-inhabiting barnacle originally described as Pyrgopsella stellula Rosell, 1973. The relationships of both Pyrgopsella and Pyrgospongia within the Pyrogomatidae are discussed.
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Lim, Kah Kheng, Muhammad Ali Syed Hussein, and Pushpa Palaniappan. "Abundance, placement and sexual identity of the epizoic barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria relative to the size and species of host turtles in Mabul Island, Malaysia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 8 (2020): 1299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420001198.
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AbstractSea turtles are partners in commensal relationships with a variety of epibionts, including barnacles. The acorn barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria is one species commonly found associated with sea turtles and other marine fauna throughout temperate to tropical waters including the Indo-Pacific. We conducted a study to assess the occurrence of this barnacle, relative to host life stage and species in a mixed foraging population of green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles (juvenile, sub-adult, adults (female and male)) in Mabul Island, Sabah, Malaysia (Celebes Sea). Expecting similar relative abundance by life stage, we found instead a significant effect between the combined dependent variables (abundance and size of barnacles) and the life stages of sea turtles in Mabul after controlling for the covariates of size and species of sea turtles (F(8, 428) = 5.77, P < 0.001, Pillai = 0.19). Among green turtles with barnacles, though adult males had larger barnacles compared with the female turtles, the mean barnacle abundance on adult females (43.4 individuals ± 5.19 SD) was higher than all other life stages. Most of the barnacles (85.6%; N = 1931) were found on the plastron of the sea turtles. The highest number of barnacle reacquisition was found among the juvenile turtles. In assessing the complemental males of the barnacles, we found they were consistently attached to the shells of the larger of the hermaphrodites from each region of the host's body despite average shell-size differences with each region.
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Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N., Mahima Doshi, Krupal J. Patel, and Benny K. K. Chan. "Diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from Gujarat, northwest India." ZooKeys 1026 (March 26, 2021): 143–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1026.60733.
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The present work studied the diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles in the state of Gujarat, northwest India. In total, eleven species belonging to eight genera and five families were recorded in the present study. The Arabian intertidal species Tetraclita ehsani Shahdadi, Chan &amp; Sari, 2011 and Chthamalus barnesi Achituv &amp; Safriel, 1980 are common in the high- and mid-intertidal rocky shores of Gujarat suggesting that the Gujarat barnacle assemblages are similar to the assemblages in the Gulf of Oman Ecoregion. The biogeographical boundary between the Gulf of Oman and Western Indian ecoregions for barnacles should probably extend southward towards the waters adjacent to Mumbai, where Indo-Pacific species of intertidal barnacles dominate. This study provides the first reports of the common widely distributed balanomorph barnacles Striatobalanus tenuis (Hoek, 1883), Tetraclitella karandei Ross, 1971, Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinomi, 1967), and lepadid barnacle Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758 in Gujarat, as well as of the chthamalid barnacle Chthamalus barnesi in India.
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Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N., Mahima Doshi, Krupal J. Patel, and Benny K. K. Chan. "Diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from Gujarat, northwest India." ZooKeys 1026 (March 26, 2021): 143–78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1026.60733.
Full textAbstract:
The present work studied the diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles in the state of Gujarat, northwest India. In total, eleven species belonging to eight genera and five families were recorded in the present study. The Arabian intertidal species Tetraclita ehsani Shahdadi, Chan & Sari, 2011 and Chthamalus barnesi Achituv & Safriel, 1980 are common in the high- and mid-intertidal rocky shores of Gujarat suggesting that the Gujarat barnacle assemblages are similar to the assemblages in the Gulf of Oman Ecoregion. The biogeographical boundary between the Gulf of Oman and Western Indian ecoregions for barnacles should probably extend southward towards the waters adjacent to Mumbai, where Indo-Pacific species of intertidal barnacles dominate. This study provides the first reports of the common widely distributed balanomorph barnacles Striatobalanus tenuis (Hoek, 1883), Tetraclitella karandei Ross, 1971, Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinomi, 1967), and lepadid barnacle Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758 in Gujarat, as well as of the chthamalid barnacle Chthamalus barnesi in India.
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Gómez-Hernández, Imelda, Arturo Serrano, Cecilia Becerril-Gómez, Agustín Basañez-Muñoz, and Celina Naval-Ávila. "Prevalencia y abundancia relativa de balanos Xenobalanus globicipitis presentes en poblaciones de delfín nariz de botella Tursiops truncatus en el Golfo de México Sur." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 55, no. 2 (2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2020.55.2.2503.
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Xenobalanus globicipitis is a commensal barnacle located on cetacean fin edges. The commensal-host interaction between Xenobalanus globicipitis and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) has been poorly studied in Mexico. The main objective was to estimate the relative barnacle prevalence and abundance in bottlenose dolphins in three areas and seasons of the Gulf of Mexico. Tamiahua zone showed the higher prevalence (42.4%) and relative abundance (0.60 barnacles/individual/hr-1)compared to Tuxpan and Nautla zones. Whereas, in dry season there were higher prevalence (55.6%) and relative abundance (0.53 barnacles/individual/hr-1)than rainy and winter storm seasons. Therefore, zones and seasons of the Gulf of Mexico influence the barnacle-dolphin interactions.
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Schultzhaus, Janna N., William Judson Hervey, Chris R. Taitt, et al. "Comparative analysis of stalked and acorn barnacle adhesive proteomes." Open Biology 11, no. 8 (2021): 210142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210142.
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Barnacles interest the scientific community for multiple reasons: their unique evolutionary trajectory, vast diversity and economic impact—as a harvested food source and also as one of the most prolific macroscopic hard biofouling organisms. A common, yet novel, trait among barnacles is adhesion, which has enabled a sessile adult existence and global colonization of the oceans. Barnacle adhesive is primarily composed of proteins, but knowledge of how the adhesive proteome varies across the tree of life is unknown due to a lack of genomic information. Here, we supplement previous mass spectrometry analyses of barnacle adhesive with recently sequenced genomes to compare the adhesive proteomes of Pollicipes pollicipes (Pedunculata) and Amphibalanus amphitrite (Sessilia). Although both species contain the same broad protein categories, we detail differences that exist between these species. The barnacle-unique cement proteins show the greatest difference between species, although these differences are diminished when amino acid composition and glycosylation potential are considered. By performing an in-depth comparison of the adhesive proteomes of these distantly related barnacle species, we show their similarities and provide a roadmap for future studies examining sequence-specific differences to identify the proteins responsible for functional differences across the barnacle tree of life.
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Vermeij, Geerat J., and Sara K. Ruch. "Barnacles, their molluscan hosts, and comparative ecology in the St. Mary’s Formation (late Miocene) of Maryland, USA." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 2 (2018): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.124.
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AbstractFossils can inform the study of modern ecosystems by showing how species interactions in ancient communities compare with those today and how extinction is selective not only with respect to species but also with respect to entire modes of life. We studied the life habits and pattern of occurrence of the barnacle Chesaconcavus chesapeakensis Zullo, 1992 on the shells of the gastropod Conradconfusus parilis (Conrad) and the bivalve Chesapecten santamaria (Tucker) from Chancellor’s Point in the Windmill Point Member of the St. Mary’s Formation (late Miocene, Tortonian) of Maryland. Using several criteria, we show that the barnacle occupied living hosts only. The 59% incidence of the barnacle on Conradconfusus parilis is high compared to known living associations between barnacles and gastropods. Although Conradconfusus parilis with and without barnacles do not differ in size, suggesting that the barnacle had little effect on this gastropod, there is some indication that Chesapecten santamaria with barnacles are somewhat smaller than those without and may therefore have been adversely affected by the presence of barnacles. On the basis of morphology and the low (15%) incidence of repaired scars, Conradconfusus parilis was a predator that did not use its shell lip to subdue prey. No ecological equivalents of Conradconfusus and Chesaconcavus have existed in the temperate northwestern Atlantic between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras for the past three million years.
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Fong, Caitlin R., Armand M. Kuris, and Ryan F. Hechinger. "Parasite and host biomass and reproductive output in barnacle populations in the rocky intertidal zone." Parasitology 146, no. 3 (2018): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001634.
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AbstractThe rocky intertidal zone has a long history of ecological study with barnacles frequently serving as a model system to explore foundational theories. Parasites are often ignored in community ecology studies, and this particularly holds for true for the rocky intertidal zone. We explore the role of the isopod parasite, Hemioniscus balani, on its host, the acorn barnacle, Chthamalus fissus. We use the currencies of biomass and reproduction measured at the individual level, then applied to the population level, to evaluate the importance of this parasite to barnacle populations. We found H. balani can comprise substantial biomass in ‘apparent’ barnacle populations, sometimes even equaling barnacle biomass. Additionally, parasite reproduction sometimes matched barnacle reproduction. Thus, parasites divert substantial energy flow from the barnacle population and to near-shore communities in the form of parasite larvae. Parasites appeared to decrease barnacle reproduction per area. Potentially, this parasite may control barnacle populations, depending on the extent to which heavily infected barnacle populations contribute to barnacle populations at larger scales. These findings regarding the importance of a particular parasite for host population dynamics in this well studied ecosystem call for the integration of disease dynamics into community ecological studies of the rocky intertidal zone.
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Donovan, Deborah A., Brian L. Bingham, Milton From, Abby F. Fleisch, and Eli S. Loomis. "Effects of barnacle encrustation on the swimming behaviour, energetics, morphometry, and drag coefficient of the scallop Chlamys hastata." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 4 (2003): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007847h.
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Barnacle encrustation negatively influenced every aspect of swimming in the scallop Chlamys hastata measured in this study. Scallops swam significantly longer, travelled further and attained greater elevation once epibiotic barnacles had been removed. Shell morphometry of barnacle-encrusted scallops was similar to shells of unencrusted scallops. Specifically, shell length was positively allometric with shell height and shell mass was negatively allometric. However, adductor muscle mass scaled isometrically to shell height, in contrast to unencrusted scallops. In the laboratory, the drag coefficient (Cd) of barnacle-encrusted scallops decreased after barnacle removal, in contrast to sponge-encrusted scallops in which no decrease in Cd was detected when the sponge was removed from the scallop's valves. Furthermore, scallops swimming with barnacle encrustation required more energy than did unencrusted scallops. Although there was no significant difference in aerobic energy expenditure between swimming barnacle-encrusted and unencrusted scallops, differences in anaerobic energy expenditure were detected. Specifically, barnacle-encrusted scallops required more arginine phosphate than unencrusted scallops to swim to exhaustion although octopine levels were similar. Thus, barnacle encrustation dramatically decreased a scallop's ability to swim, partly by increasing the drag coefficient experienced by the scallop and the energy required for swimming.
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Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, Christopher L. Owen, Marcos Pérez-Losada, et al. "Towards a barnacle tree of life: integrating diverse phylogenetic efforts into a comprehensive hypothesis of thecostracan evolution." PeerJ 7 (August 16, 2019): e7387. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7387.
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Barnacles and their allies (Thecostraca) are a biologically diverse, monophyletic crustacean group, which includes both intensely studied taxa, such as the acorn and stalked barnacles, as well as cryptic taxa, for example, Facetotecta. Recent efforts have clarified phylogenetic relationships in many different parts of the barnacle tree, but the outcomes of these phylogenetic studies have not yet been combined into a single hypothesis for all barnacles. In the present study, we applied a new “synthesis” tree approach to estimate the first working Barnacle Tree of Life. Using this approach, we integrated phylogenetic hypotheses from 27 studies, which did not necessarily include the same taxa or used the same characters, with hierarchical taxonomic information for all recognized species. This first synthesis tree contains 2,070 barnacle species and subspecies, including 239 barnacle species with phylogenetic information and 198 undescribed or unidentified species. The tree had 442 bifurcating nodes, indicating that 79.3% of all nodes are still unresolved. We found that the acorn and stalked barnacles, the Thoracica, and the parasitic Rhizocephala have the largest amount of published phylogenetic information. About half of the thecostracan families for which phylogenetic information was available were polyphyletic. We queried publicly available geographic occurrence databases for the group, gaining a sense of geographic gaps and hotspots in our phylogenetic knowledge. Phylogenetic information is especially lacking for deep sea and Arctic taxa, but even coastal species are not fully incorporated into phylogenetic studies.
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Scrosati, Ricardo A., and Julius A. Ellrich. "Unimodal relationship between small-scale barnacle recruitment and the density of pre-existing barnacle adults." PeerJ 5 (June 6, 2017): e3444. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3444.
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Recruitment is a key demographic process for population persistence. This paper focuses on barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment. In rocky intertidal habitats from the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of Nova Scotia (Canada), ice scour is common during the winter. At the onset of intertidal barnacle recruitment in early May (after sea ice has fully melted), mostly only adult barnacles and bare substrate are visible at high elevations in wave-exposed habitats. We conducted a multiannual study to investigate if small-scale barnacle recruitment could be predicted from the density of pre-existing adult barnacles. In a year that exhibited a wide adult density range (ca. 0–130 individuals dm−2), the relationship between adult density and recruit density (scaled to the available area for recruitment, which excluded adult barnacles) was unimodal. In years that exhibited a lower adult density range (ca. 0–40/50 individuals dm−2), the relationship between adult and recruit density was positive and resembled the lower half of the unimodal relationship. Overall, adult barnacle density was able to explain 26–40% of the observed variation in recruit density. The unimodal adult–recruit relationship is consistent with previously documented intraspecific interactions. Between low and intermediate adult densities, the positive nature of the relationship relates to the previously documented fact that settlement-seeking larvae are chemically and visually attracted to adults, which might be important for local population persistence. Between intermediate and high adult densities, where population persistence may be less compromised and the abundant adults may limit recruit growth and survival, the negative nature of the relationship suggests that adult barnacles at increasingly high densities stimulate larvae to settle elsewhere. The unimodal pattern may be especially common on shores with moderate rates of larval supply to the shore, because high rates of larval supply may swamp the coast with settlers, decoupling recruit density from local adult abundance.
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ZONNEVELD, J.-P., Z. E. E. ZONNEVELD, W. S. BARTELS, M. K. GINGRAS, and J. J. HEAD. "BONE MODIFICATION FEATURES RESULTING FROM BARNACLE ATTACHMENT ON THE BONES OF LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (Caretta caretta), CUMBERLAND ISLAND, GEORGIA, USA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PALEOECOLOGICAL, AND TAPHONOMIC ANALYSES OF FOSSIL SEA TURTLES." PALAIOS 37, no. 11 (2022): 650–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.021.
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Abstract Sea turtles are characterized by a wide variety of invertebrate ectoparasites. Few of these ectoparasites leave a permanent indication of their presence on the skeletal remains of their host taxa and thus represent ecological information doomed to be lost in the paleontological record. Some barnacle taxa provide an exception to this, in that they cause the formation of small, subcircular to circular divots, pits, and holes on the skull, mandible, carapace or plastron of sea turtles. Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) skeletons from Cumberland Island, Georgia, USA were examined to assess the presence, frequency, and loci of occurrence of barnacle pits, and to establish which taxa are involved in pit development. Six types of divot and pit attributed to barnacles are identified in this study. Type I traces are shallow, oval/semi-circular in outline, with smooth, gently sloped bases. Type II traces are deep, hemispherical pits with smooth bases. Type III traces are deep, circular to subcircular pits with flat bases. Type IV traces are deep, circular to subcircular pits with multiple (4–6) small sub-pits on their bases. Type V traces are cylindrical, penetrative holes. Type VI traces comprise shallow ring-shaped grooves on the surface of the bone. Type I through III traces are identical to the ichnotaxon Karethraichnus lakkos. Type IV traces have not, as yet, been described in the rock record. Type V traces are identical to K. fiale. Type VI traces are identical to Thatchtelithichnus holmani. Barnacle taxa identified as emplacing non-penetrative divots and pits on C. caretta skulls, mandibles, and shell bones include Chelonibia caretta (Type I), Platylepas hexastylos (Types I–IV), Calyptolepas bjorndalae (Types I and II), and Stomatolepas elegans (Types I and II). Type V traces were most likely emplaced by either Stephanolepas muricata or Chelolepas cheloniae. Type VI traces reflect the former attachment of balanid or lepadid barnacles. Embedded barnacles were observed in epidermal material associated with Types I through IV traces but not for Type V and VI traces and thus the relationship is inferred for these latter traces. Barnacle-related pits, divots, and holes are believed to result from barnacle mediated chemical corrosion into the outer surface of sea turtle bone. The occurrence of these traces provides one of the few preservable lines of evidence of barnacle interactions with sea turtle hosts. Identification of definitive barnacle borings in fossil material will provide evidence of the evolution of platylepadid barnacles and the development of their commensal relationship with chelonid turtles.
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Min, Tiantian, Zhongna Zhang, Lan Chen, and Jingan Li. "Recent Advances in Barnacle-Inspired Biomaterials in the Field of Biomedical Research." Materials 18, no. 3 (2025): 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030502.
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As a marine fouling organism, barnacles secrete a cement whose proteins self-assemble into stable nanofibers, conferring exceptional underwater adhesion and curing properties. The barnacle cement proteins (BCPs) are of significant interest in biomedicine due to their adhesiveness, water resistance, stability, and biocompatibility, making them ideal for developing novel biomaterials. Additionally, BCPs have wound-healing acceleration and antibacterial properties, offering new insights for antimicrobial biomaterial development. Recently, barnacle-inspired materials have seen extensive research and notable progress in biomedicine. As the understanding of barnacle cement and its adhesion mechanisms deepens, their medical applications are expected to expand. This review summarizes the latest advancements of barnacle biomimetic materials in biomedicine, including their use in adhesives, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and hemostasis, highlighting their characteristics, applications, and potential research directions, and providing a comprehensive reference for the field.
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APOLINÁRIO, M. "Temporal variations in community structure in and around intertidal barnacle (Chthamalus challengeri Hoek) patches on a plebby shore in Japan." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 1 (1999): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000100006.
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The community structure in and around two barnacle (Chthamalus challengeri Hoek) patches (sites A and B) which extended from the middle to the upper intertidal zone on a pebbly shore in Magarisaki (Amakusa, Kyushu, Japan), was studied during summer and winter of 1995 and 1996. The results show a significant decrease in the proportion of substrate covered by barnacles from January 1995 to July 1996. The number of species, number of individuals, and biomass also decreased in the patch areas through time. There were significant differences between inside and outside the patches for percentage of substrate covered by barnacles, number of individuals, number of species, and biomass during the first year. Numbers of some gastropods were significantly higher in the barnacle patches, suggesting that the presence of barnacles create favorable microhabitat for the other taxa.
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Scrosati, Ricardo A., and Julius A. Ellrich. "A 5-year study (2014–2018) of the relationship between coastal phytoplankton abundance and intertidal barnacle size along the Atlantic Canadian coast." PeerJ 7 (May 2, 2019): e6892. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6892.
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Benthic–pelagic coupling refers to the ecological relationships between benthic and pelagic environments. Studying such links is particularly useful to understand biological variation in intertidal organisms along marine coasts. Filter-feeding invertebrates are ecologically important on marine rocky shores, so they have often been used to investigate benthic–pelagic coupling. Most studies, however, have been conducted on eastern ocean boundaries. To evaluate benthic–pelagic coupling on a western ocean boundary, we conducted a 5-year study spanning 415 km of the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (Canada). We hypothesized that the summer size of intertidal barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides) recruited in the preceding spring would be positively related to the nearshore abundance (biomass) of phytoplankton, as phytoplankton constitutes food for the nauplius larvae and benthic stages of barnacles. Every year between 2014 and 2018, we measured summer barnacle size in clearings created before spring recruitment on the rocky substrate at eight wave-exposed locations along this coast. We then examined the annual relationships between barnacle size and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. For every year and location, we used satellite data to calculate Chl-a averages for a period ranging from the early spring (when most barnacle larvae were in the water) to the summer (when barnacle size was measured after weeks of growth following spring benthic recruitment). The relationships were always positive, Chl-a explaining nearly half, or more, of the variation in barnacle size in four of the five studied years. These are remarkable results because they were based on a relatively limited number of locations (which often curtails statistical power) and point to the relevance of pelagic food supply to explain variation in intertidal barnacle size along this western ocean boundary coast.
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Wang, Hailey. "The enigmatic interna: Unravelling the intricacies of parasitic barnacles and their host's internal environment." Young Scientist 2, no. 1 (2023): 48–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022334.
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Parasites are important to study as they help us understand diseases of organisms and find corresponding treatments. While there are many diseases associated with crustaceans, rhizocephalans, or parasitic barnacles, are one of the most peculiar problems of decapods, which is known as crabs. Their features including their life cycle, host manipulation, evolution is all very different from what have been known now. In this study, we used fluorescent staining to evaluate the histological structures of interna of parasitic barnacles. From the study, we have discovered that the parasitic barnacle interna does not grow through all the organs and tissues within the host; Besides, we also concluded that parasitic barnacle interna is hollow and it has a tube-like structure; Moreover, infected crabs appear to be significantly different from normal crabs. Hence, these tells us that the features of parasitic barnacles are extremely different from other types of barnacles, reflecting rhizocephalans' uniqueness.
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Yu, Meng-Chen, Benny K. K. Chan, Gregory A. Kolbasov, and Monthon Ganmanee. "Biodiversity and host specificity of sponge-associated barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) in Thailand." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 6 (2020): 839–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa080.
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Abstract We examined the diversity and host use of sponge-associated barnacles of Thailand (Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand) using a combined morphological and molecular approach. Eight barnacle species (including two new species) were collected from 12 host sponges. Host-specific barnacle species includes Acasta lappasp. nov., which exclusively inhabits the sponge Mycale sp. Acasta milkaesp. nov. was only collected from the sponge Callyspongia cf. diffusa (Ridley, 1884). Multatria filigranus (Broch, 1916) were found in the encrusting soft sponges Monanchora unguiculata (Dendy, 1922) and Clathria sp. Pyrgospongia stellula (Rosell, 1975) inhabits the sponges Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). Generalist barnacle species includes Euacsta ctenodentia (Rosell, 1972), E. porata (Nilsson-Cantell, 1921), E. zuiho (Hiro, 1936), and Acasta cyathus Darwin, 1854, which inhabit a wide range of sponges with various textures.
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Gaonkar, Chetan C., Lidita Khandeparker, Dattesh V. Desai, and Arga Chandrashekar Anil. "Identification ofBalanus amphitritelarvae from field zooplankton using species-specific primers." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 3 (2014): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001581.
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Identification of marine invertebrate larvae using morphological characters is laborious and complicated by phenotypic plasticity.Balanus amphitriteis a dominant barnacle, important in the context of intertidal ecology and biofouling of manmade structures. Morphological identification of barnacle larval forms in a mixed population is difficult because of their intricacy and similarity in size, shape and developmental stages. We report the development and application of a nucleic acid-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the specific identification of the barnacle,B. amphitrite, from the heterogeneous zooplankton sample. This method is reliable and accurate thereby overcoming taxonomic ambiguity. Sequence alignment of the 18S rRNA gene region of selected species of barnacles allowed the design ofB. amphitrite-specific PCR primers. Assay specificity was evaluated by screening DNA obtained from selected species of barnacles. The oligonucleotide primers used in the study flanked a 1600 bp region within the 18S rRNA gene. The primer is specific and can detect as few as 10 individuals ofB. amphitritelarvae spiked in a background of ~186 mg of zooplankton. This technique facilitates accurate identification and the primer can be used as a marker for enumeration ofB. amphitritelarvae in the plankton.
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Chen, Wanbin, Yihan Wang, Mingyu Wang, Yi Huang, and Yunze Xu. "Effects of Different Fouling Organisms on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Dalian Seawater." Metals 13, no. 9 (2023): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13091503.
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Carbon steels are widely used in ocean engineering due to their cost effectiveness, ease of manufacture, and excellent weldability. However, the attachment of macro-fouling organisms in seawater poses a serious threat to the integrity of carbon steel structures. In this experiment, carbon steel plates were immersed in the Dalian Sea area from January to October to investigate the effects of macro-fouling on corrosion propagation. The electrochemical measurement indicated that the propensity for the corrosion of Q235B is ranked as ascidians > mussels > barnacles. The characterization results indicated that various marine organisms significantly influenced the corrosion behavior of Q235B carbon steel immersed in natural seawater. The colonization of barnacles inhibited corrosion at the barnacle central area, and the presence of barnacle covering caused crevice corrosion at the edges of the barnacle due to oxygen concentration cells. The presence of ascidians resulted in general corrosion due to the locally high conductivity and ion diffusion rate. A relatively compact rust layer, which exhibited localized defects, was observed beneath the mussels. Seawater had the ability to penetrate the rust layer through these defects, leading to the formation of pitting corrosion on the metal substrate.
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Kim, Hyun Kyong, Benny K. K. Chan, Sang-kyu Lee, and Won Kim. "Biogeography of intertidal and subtidal native and invasive barnacles in Korea in relation to oceanographic current ecoregions and global climatic changes." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 7 (2020): 1079–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420001009.
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AbstractThe coastline of the Korean Peninsula is influenced by three major oceanographic ecoregions, including the estuarine Yellow Sea ecoregion on the west coast, the warmer and saline East China Sea ecoregion on the south coast, and the cold East Sea ecoregion on the east coast. The influence of these marine ecoregions on the distribution of intertidal barnacles has not been extensively studied. The present study examines the biogeography of thoracican barnacles from intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, along the coasts of Korea. Twenty-one species in seven families were identified, including three species of coral-associated barnacles. Species composition varied significantly in the three marine ecoregions. Multivariate analysis showed barnacle assemblages were significant among the three ecoregions, although there are large overlaps of clusters between the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecoregions. The estuarine species, Fistulobalanus albicostatus, occurred mainly in the Yellow Sea ecoregion; warm-water species, Tetraclita japonica, and sponge inhabiting barnacles Euacasta dofleini were observed in the East China Sea ecoregion; and cold-water species, Balanus rostratus and Perforatus perforatus, were found in the East Sea ecoregion. Four invasive barnacle species were recorded and the European barnacle Perforatus perforatus expanded its range northward from its recorded distribution nine years earlier. The cold-water species, Chthamalus dalli and Semibalanus cariosus, previously recorded in the East Sea ecoregion, were absent in the present survey. A trend of increasing seawater temperatures in Korean waters may have a significant impact on the distribution of cold-water species and enhance the northward invasion of P. perforatus.
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Yusa, Yoichi, Shigeyuki Yamato, and Masahiro Marumura. "Ecology of a parasitic barnacle, Koleolepas avis: relationship to the hosts, distribution, left–right asymmetry and reproduction." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 5 (2001): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004593.
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The pedunculate barnacle Koleolepas avis is a symbiont of the sea anemone Calliactis japonica, which lives on gastropod shells carried by large hermit crabs, usually Dardanus arrosor. Relationships with the host sea anemone, distribution on the gastropod shell, left–right asymmetry and reproduction of the barnacle were investigated. A larger number of barnacles occurred on shells with greater ‘cylindroid dimensions’ of sea anemones. Distribution of barnacles on shells was not random: assuming the in situ position of the shell carried by the hermit crab (∼45° inclination), there were more barnacles along the lower part of the anemone disk than the upper part. Large barnacles lie on either the left or right sides of their capitula, and those lying on the left side (Type L individuals) tended to occur along the left side of the host, and those on the right side (Type R) along the right side. Barnacles [ges ]0·016 g in wet weight had egg masses, and there was a positive relationship between body weight and number of eggs. Koleolepas avis has both hermaphrodites and dwarf (complementary) males attached to them. Large hermaphrodites tended to have larger dwarf males than smaller hermaphrodites.
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Wang, Gen Li, Zheng Mao Ye, and Bin Wu. "The Change of Stress on Marine Concrete Covered with Barnacles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1031.
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Barnacle is a major creature in marine fouling organisms, it increases static load and dynamic load of marine structures. In this paper, the change of stress on marine concrete surface covered with barnacles is studied. Moreover, a simplified model is established. The result shows that the stress of seawater increases by 0.53 times on the concrete surface, which is covered with barnacles.
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Rivier, A., A. C. Bennis, G. Jean, and J. C. Dauvin. "Numerical simulations of biofouling effects on the tidal turbine hydrodynamic." International Marine Energy Journal 1, no. 2 (Nov) (2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.1.101-109.
Full textAbstract:
Biofouling by benthic organisms must be considered for tidal turbine operation and maintenance because it modifies hydrodynamics (drag and resistance) and could be detrimental to the turbine performance. We investigate vortices modification downstream a tidal turbine due to biofouling using numerical modeling. Firstly, 2D flow downstream a clean Darrieus vertical axis tidal turbine is simulated using a dynamic mesh for different tip speed ratio. Results agree the former studies. Simulations are very sensitive to turbulence modeling. To ensure an acceptable computing time, only LES and RANS are used. Secondly, an airfoil with barnacles is modeled in two dimensions for various fouling height and spacing with different flow incidences. Barnacle height has more influence on flow than the barnacle density. Then barnacles and mussels with various characteristics are fixed on blades. Vorticity fields are strongly changed by organism shapes. Mussels size has little impact on vorticity patterns. A few mussels could have stronger impact than a fully colonization. A 3D simulation is performed with a shape of barnacles from new in-situ measurements. Finally a colonized tidal turbine is simulated is modelled.
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Chiba, Susumu, and Takashi Noda. "Factors maintaining topography-related mosaic of barnacle and mussel on a rocky shore." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 4 (2000): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002435.
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Substratum heterogeneity on rocky shores can affect the distribution pattern of sessile epibenthic organisms. The rocky shore at Usujiri, southern Hokkaido, Japan, is composed of well-developed, columnar jointed dolerites. In this area, landscape is characterized by a mosaic of barnacle and mussels, where species composition in patches differs among typical topographic-classes, i.e. barnacles dominate on horizontal planes and vertical planes while mussels only inhabit in grooves. To determine the factors maintaining those distribution patterns, the recruitment of dominant sessile species in the typical topographic-classes with and without adults of barnacles and mussels were examined by field experiment. The results showed that the distribution pattern was determined by recruitment, and the recruitment pattern was strongly affected by rock-surface topography. Moreover, the presence of conspecific adults contributed to the maintenance of this topography-related mosaic by facilitating recruitment. These results show: (1) the presence of resource division for rocky topography among barnacles and mussels; and (2) that intraspecific positive interaction rather than interspecific competition may play important role in maintaining the topography-related mosaic of barnacle and mussels at Usujiri.
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Zheden, Vanessa, Waltraud Klepal, Stanislav N. Gorb, and Alexander Kovalev. "Mechanical properties of the cement of the stalked barnacle Dosima fascicularis (Cirripedia, Crustacea)." Interface Focus 5, no. 1 (2015): 20140049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0049.
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The stalked barnacle Dosima fascicularis secretes foam-like cement, the amount of which usually exceeds that produced by other barnacles. When Dosima settles on small objects, this adhesive is additionally used as a float which gives buoyancy to the animal. The dual use of the cement by D. fascicularis requires mechanical properties different from those of other barnacle species. In the float, two regions with different morphological structure and mechanical properties can be distinguished. The outer compact zone with small gas-filled bubbles (cells) is harder than the interior one and forms a protective rind presumably against mechanical damage. The inner region with large, gas-filled cells is soft. This study demonstrates that D. fascicularis cement is soft and visco-elastic. We show that the values of the elastic modulus, hardness and tensile stress are considerably lower than in the rigid cement of other barnacles.
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Freudenrich, Craig C., Nancy R. Wallace, Karl Wilbur, Pete Ingram, and Ann LeFurgey. "Strontium can be used as a tracer to examine calcification in the adult barnacle (Balanus amphititre amphititre)." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168633.
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Calcification in barnacles occurs at the base of each shell plate; as new CaCO3 is deposited at the base, the shell grows upward. Although barnacle shell growth patterns have been characterized, the cellular calcium transport mechanisms involved in biomineralization are unknown; calcium is thought to be transported through the mineralizing epithelial cells into a limited diffusional space between the cells and the shell where calcification occurs. To follow transport of calcium in the cells and newly mineralized shell, one might consider using 45Ca and autoradiography.Alternatively, electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) imaging has better spatial resolution than autoradiography, but cannot discriminate 45Ca from the stable isotope. However, in studies of mammalian bone formation using EPXMA, strontium was used successfully as a tracer for calcium. To assess whether strontium could serve as a tracer for calcium in barnacles, it was first necessary to determine if strontium could be incorporated into barnacle shells.
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Dunn, Ruth, Lila Buckingham, Maria Bogdanova, Francis Daunt, and Mark Newell. "Two observations of acorn barnacles attached to GLS loggers on seabirds in the North Atlantic." Seabird Journal, no. 33 (2021): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.33.115.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past 30 years, global location sensing (GLS) loggers have been deployed across a diverse range of seabird species all around the globe. GLS loggers, also termed geolocators, record ambient light from which latitude and longitude can be derived, providing estimates of seabird foraging areas and migratory routes. Between 2002 and 2020, GLS loggers were successfully deployed and retrieved by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) on seabirds at breeding colonies across the UK (Table 1). GLS loggers were attached to the birds via plastic leg-rings during the breeding season (June–July, although a small number were deployed on European Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis (hereafter ‘Shags’) in May and Common Guillemots Uria aalge (hereafter ‘Guillemots’) in March) and were then removed during subsequent breeding seasons when birds were recaptured. These data have provided insights into the migratory movements and wintering behaviour of Atlantic Puffins Fratercula arctica (St. John Glew et al. 2019), Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla (hereafter ‘Kittiwakes’) (Bogdanova et al. 2011), Guillemots (Dunn et al. 2020), Shags (Daunt et al. 2014) and Razorbills Alca torda (St. John Glew et al. 2019). During the 2019 breeding season, GLS loggers were removed from a Kittiwake at the Isle of May National Nature Reserve, Scotland (56°11’N 02°33’W; Logger: Biotrack MK4083, weight: 1.9 g) and a Guillemot at Whinnyfold, Scotland (57°39’N 01°87’W; Logger: Biotrack MK3006, weight: 2.5 g) and were observed to have barnacles attached. The logger removed from the Isle of May Kittiwake had three barnacles attached, ranging from ca. 1.4–2.7 mm in diameter (Figure 1a), and the logger removed from the Whinnyfold Guillemot had one barnacle attached (ca. 7.5 mm diameter; Figure 1b). Although the specimens were not collected for formal identification, they are assumed to be Semibalanus balanoides, a type of acorn barnacle, which is the most common and widespread intertidal barnacle around the coastlines of northwest Europe (White 2008). S. balanoides individuals are found across a range of wave exposure levels as well as rocky shore heights and can also colonise artificial substrates including marine debris (White 2008). The fouling of biologging devices has been observed previously in marine fishes, turtles, seals and cetaceans and measures to reduce this and avoid burdening the animals are encouraged (Hammerschlag et al. 2014). However, to the best of our knowledge, the attachment of barnacles to GLS loggers on seabirds is relatively uncommon. Previously, goose barnacles Lepas spp. have been found attached to self-amalgamating tape wrapped around loggers removed from Brown Skuas Stercorarius antarcticus at New Island, Falkland Islands (Phillips et al. 2007), as well as GLS loggers deployed on Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans at Bird Island, South Georgia (R. A. Phillips pers. comm.). Goose barnacles attach to a variety of substrata, including the plumage of several species of penguins breeding at remote southern hemisphere islands (Reisinger 2010). Due to the large sizes to which goose barnacles can grow, Phillips et al. (2007) recommended that self-amalgamating tape be avoided in future deployments of GLS devices on skuas so as not to burden birds with this additional load. The species of acorn barnacle that we observed is only able to reach a maximum of 15 mm in diameter (White 2008) and therefore its mass is likely to have a negligible impact in terms of the load on the leg. However, barnacle attachment may increase hydrodynamic drag with the potential to reduce diving efficiency (Pennycuick et al. 2012). For example, the attachment of a single acorn barnacle with a height of 4 mm and a diameter of 7.5 mm would lead to a 15 mm2 increase in frontal area of the logger. Depending on the location of barnacle attachment, the proportional increase in frontal area could be large (Table 2), increasing the drag coefficient (Pennycuick et al. 2012). Furthermore, there is a risk that if barnacle attachment occurred over the light sensor of a GLS logger, this could influence the light data recorded. The attachment of goose barnacles to loggers retrieved from Falkland Skuas was attributed to the high proportion of time spent on water during winter increasing the opportunities for larvae settlement (Phillips et al. 2007). However, there is extensive variation in the non-breeding behaviour, including time spent on the water, of the five species of seabirds from which loggers have been retrieved in our studies (Table 1). Indeed, Guillemots spend high proportions of time on water throughout their annual cycles (Dunn et al. 2020), whereas Kittiwakes spend comparatively low proportions of time on water during the winter (McKnight et al. 2011), suggesting that immersion time may not be the sole driver of barnacle attachment to loggers on North Atlantic seabirds. One reason that successful attachment of S. balanoides to seabird loggers may be rare is that their larvae favour gregarious settlements on nearshore habitats that enable future mating opportunities with nearby conspecifics (White 2008). Due to the rarity of barnacle attachment, there is no reason to recommend that researchers avoid deployment of GLS loggers on seabirds. Additionally, we acknowledge that self-amalgamating tape is likely to reduce the risk of a GLS logger being lost from the ring, but recommend that it is trimmed along the cable tie to minimise the surface area that protrudes. Furthermore, we advise the documentation of future observations of marine biota found attached to seabird loggers.
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Donovan, Stephen K., and Elizabeth R. Davis-Strickland. "A possible lepadomorph barnacle from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Jamaica, West Indies." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (1993): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002134x.
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Fossil barnacles are poorly known from the West Indies in general and Jamaica in particular. The only records from Jamaica to date have been of occasional balanomorphs collected from Neogene deposits (Newman and Ladd, 1974; Morris, in press). It is therefore significant to report what may be the first fossil lepadomorph from the island, preserved as a scaled peduncle. This is also the oldest known Jamaican, and probably Caribbean, barnacle, coming from the Upper Cretaceous. This specimen was discovered by the junior author in the Geology Museum, University of the West Indies at Mona. Barnacle terminology used herein follows that of Newman et al. (1969).
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Santini, Giacomo, Richard C. Thompson, Stuart R. Jenkins, et al. "Barnacle cover modifies foraging behaviour of the intertidal limpet Patella vulgata." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 8 (2019): 1779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000778.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLimpets and barnacles are important components of intertidal assemblages worldwide. This study examines the effects of barnacles on the foraging behaviour of the limpet Patella vulgata, which is the main algal grazer in the North-west Atlantic. The behaviour of limpets on a vertical seawall on the Isle of Man (UK) was investigated using autonomous radio-telemetry, comparing their activity patterns on plots characterized by dense barnacle cover and plots from which the barnacles had been removed. Limpet behaviour was investigated at mid-shore level, but two different elevations were considered. This experiment revealed a significant effect of barnacle cover on the activity of P. vulgata. Limpets on smooth surfaces spent a greater proportion of total time active than did limpets on barnacles. Movement activity was also greater in areas that were lower down in the tidal range. In general, limpets were either predominantly active during diurnal high or nocturnal low tides and always avoided nocturnal high tides. Individuals on barnacles at the higher elevation concentrated their activity during nocturnal low water. All the other groups of limpets (smooth surfaces on the upper level and all individuals on the lower shore) had more excursions centred around daylight hours with an equal distribution of activity between periods of low and high water. Inter-individual variability was, however, pronounced.
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Achituv, Y., and T. Yamaguchi. "Water Pumping in the Penduculate Barnacle Conchoderma Auritum." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 4 (1997): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400038637.
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The cirral activity of the penduculate barnacle, Conchoderma auritum, was studied in a flow tank. The barnacles were exposed to different experimental water velocities and the response of the barnacles was recorded using a video system. In still and slow-moving water the barnacles show rhythmic cirral activity, the cirri extend and then withdraw into the mantle cavity. When water flow is accelerated the barnacles switch from rhythmic cirral activity to prolonged cirral extension, in which the cirri are extended in the water flow, facing the current. The water velocity at which barnacles switch from rhythmic activity to cirral extension depends on the size of the animal. During the rhythmic activity of Conchoderma water is pumped into the mantle through the ears. The prosoma serves as a piston which inhales the water into the capitulum and then ejects it at the apical end of the capitulum opening. This finding contradicts the generally accepted notion that the function of the ears of C. auritum is water ejection.
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Buntaro, G. A., and R. A. Avicenna. "Potential of processed barnacles shell as soil conditioner using mung bean plants (Vigna radiata L.) growth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1251, no. 1 (2023): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1251/1/012060.
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Abstract Barnacles as periphyte animals often found clinging on the ship’s hull, being unutilized waste that presents in such abundance. Calcium carbonate in barnacle shells would increase the chance of degrading microbial community survival in the soil, indirectly increasing soil fertility. The processing of barnacle shells to be used as a calcium carbonate supplement involves harvesting, drying, powdering, sterilizing, and mixing it to the soil. We want to observe comparison of the performance of control group (K), processed barnacle shells (T), industrial 16-16-16 NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potassium) fertilizer (P), and the combination of processed barnacle shell with 16-16-16 NPK fertilizer (TP) supplementation to the soil as planting media by the daily temperature, pH, and moisture fluctuation, besides the measurement of the growth of mung bean plant, Vigna radiata L. (VIMA 5 variant) regarding their application to the soil. The growth of V. radiata L. is measured by epicotyl length, number of leaves, and total wet mass increase of each plant individual. Vigna radiata L. in the control group shows the best growth measured by parameters listed above. However, ANOVA analysis shows statistical significance on the correlation of types of soil treatment (K, T, P, or TP supplementation) to daily moisture fluctuation.
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Raine, Joshua J., Nick Aldred, and Anthony S. Clare. "Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Cyprid Temporary Adhesive System in Two Species of Acorn Barnacle." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120968.
Full textAbstract:
Acorn barnacles are sessile as adults and select their settlement site as a cypris larva. Cyprids are well adapted to exploring surfaces in dynamic environments, using a temporary adhesive secreted from the antennules to adhere during this process. The temporary adhesive and the secretory structures are poorly characterized. This study used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional modelling to elucidate the anatomy related to temporary adhesion. The temporary adhesive glands of two acorn barnacle species, Balanus amphitrite and Megabalanus coccopoma, were located in the proximal region of the first antennular segment, contrary to previous descriptions that placed them in the more distal second segment. The temporary adhesive systems of these acorn barnacles are therefore similar to that described for the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata, although not identical. Knowledge of the true location of the temporary adhesive glands will underpin future studies of the production, composition and secretion of the adhesive.
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Rangeley, R. W., and M. L. H. Thomas. "Littoral Stratification in Growth form and Fecundity of the Rock Barnacle, Semibalanus Balanoides." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 4 (1988): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400028733.
Full textAbstract:
The population dynamics of rock barnacles, Semibalanus balanoides (L.), residing in low and high intertidal zones are affected by conspicuously different factors. The barnacle population in the high intertidal zone tends to show longterm stability due to a low incidence of both predation and interspecific competition. Wave exposure, desiccation and intraspecific competition are more important factors affecting abundance and size distribution in this zone (Menge, 1976). In the low intertidal zone, barnacle predation by the dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus (L.) is intense (Menge, 1976) and both the adults and larvae are smaller than in the high intertidal zone (Barnes, 1953). The growth form of S. balanoides is density dependent with taller, more columnar individuals predominating at high densities and short conical barnacles at low densities. Lower fecundity of conical individuals may be due to lower internal shell volume compared with columnar forms (Wethey, 1984). Fecundity increases both with increasing age and base length (Arnold, 1977) and is positively density dependent (Wethey, 1984).
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Figueroa, Manuel A., Jennifer D. Schablik, Madison Mastroberte, Lovejot Singh, and Gary H. Dickinson. "The Effect of Hydrophobic Alkyl Silane Self-Assembled Monolayers on Adult Barnacle Adhesion." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 2 (2017): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.2.4.
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AbstractAlthough there exists a wide range of nonbiocidal and environmentally friendly surface coatings to reduce biofouling on marine structures, there is still not a fundamental understanding of barnacle adhesion upon reattachment. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of hydrophobicity on adhesion in the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite, an abundant and widespread biofouler. Self-assembled monolayers were made on glass slides from alkyl silanes with methylated and fluorinated terminal groups to produce hydrophobic surfaces. Coated and uncoated glass slides underwent a 2-week barnacle reattachment assay. Barnacles were removed using a force gauge, and critical shear stress was calculated for each substrate. Following reattachment assays, a Coomassie Blue G250 protein stain was used to quantify the amount of glue remaining on substrates by measuring pixel density with ImageJ software on glue scans. Critical shear stress was found to be significantly higher for both hydrophobic surfaces as compared to the hydrophilic uncoated glass, and correspondingly, the density of residual glue was higher on hydrophobic surfaces. Given that hydrophobic substrates can exclude water from the surface, they may provide a protected environment for glue release that is favorable for adhesive bond formation with the substrate as well as inter- and intramolecular bonding within the glue layer. Critical shear stress showed a strong positive correlation with residual glue density, suggesting that barnacle release occurs primarily via cohesive failure. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs confirm morphological differences in the glue remnants, depending on the substrate coating. Among the hydrophobic substrates tested, results suggest that contact angle alone is not enough to predict the critical shear stress of barnacles. The chemical and physical properties of the coating become important parameters to consider in antifouling coating design.
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Christensen, Ivar. "First record of gooseneck barnacles Conchoderma auritum on a minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata." Fauna norvegica 7 (December 31, 1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/fn.v7i0.6099.
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Clusters of a stalked barnacle, identified as Conchoderma auritum were found attached to both damaged and complete baleen plates of a male minke whale caught off the coast of East Greenland on 16 July 1984. No previous record is known of gooseneck barnacles on minke whales.
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Demello, Rahul, and Nicole E. Phillips. "Variation in mussel and barnacle recruitment parallels a shift in intertidal community structure in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 10 (2011): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11053.
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Recruitment influences populations and communities of marine organisms to varying degrees and across a range of spatial scales. We hypothesised that recruitment plays a role in maintaining different intertidal invertebrate assemblages between two nearby locations in New Zealand (Wellington Harbour and the south coast), long reported to have dramatically different communities (with greater cover of sessile invertebrates in the Harbour). Sites in Wellington Harbour were hypothesised to have higher monthly recruitment rates of mussels and barnacles and greater barnacle colonisation after 1 year. Surveys were conducted to quantify community differences. In Wellington Harbour, the mid-intertidal zone was dominated by the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the barnacle Chamaesipho columna and the high intertidal zone by C. columna. In contrast, on the south coast mussels were almost completely absent from both tidal heights and barnacles (predominantly Chamaesipho brunnea) were sparse. In the high zone, monthly recruitment and long term colonisation (over 1 year) of barnacles was much greater in the Harbour; in the mid-intertidal zone, mussel recruitment was up to two orders of magnitude greater in the Harbour than the south coast. Species-specific recruitment patterns differed between the locations, however and were consistent with those of adult abundance.
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Nogata, Yasuyuki, and Kiyotaka Matsumura. "Larval development and settlement of a whale barnacle." Biology Letters 2, no. 1 (2005): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0409.
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Larval development and settlement of whale barnacles have not previously been described, unlike intertidal barnacles. Indeed, the mechanisms of the association between barnacles and whales have not been studied. Here we describe the larval development and settlement of the whale barnacle, Coronula diadema , and possible involvement of a cue from the host in inducing larval settlement. Eight-cell stage embryos were collected from C. diadema on a stranded humpback whale, incubated in filtered seawater for 7 days, and nauplius larvae hatched out. When fed with Chaetoceros gracilis , the nauplii developed to stage VI, and finally metamorphosed to the cypris stage. The larval development looked similar to that of intertidal barnacles with planktotrophic larval stages. The cyprids did not settle in normal seawater, but did settle in polystyrene Petri dishes when incubated in seawater with a small piece of skin tissue from the host whale. This strongly suggests the involvement of a chemical cue from the host whale tissue to induce larval settlement.
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Tilbury, Maura A., Sean McCarthy, Magdalena Domagalska, Thomas Ederth, Anne Marie Power, and J. Gerard Wall. "The expression and characterization of recombinant cp19k barnacle cement protein from Pollicipes pollicipes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1784 (2019): 20190205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0205.
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Adhesive proteins of barnacle cement have potential as environmentally friendly adhesives owing to their ability to adhere to various substrates in aqueous environments. By understanding the taxonomic breath of barnacles with different lifestyles, we may uncover commonalities in adhesives produced by these specialized organisms. The 19 kDa cement protein (cp19k) of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 to investigate its adhesive properties. Initial expression of hexahistidine-tagged protein (rPpolcp19k-his) yielded low levels of insoluble protein. Co-overproduction of E. coli molecular chaperones GroEL-GroES and trigger factor (TF) increased soluble protein yields, although TF co-purified with the target protein (TF-rPpolcp19k-his). Surface coat analysis revealed high levels of adsorption of the TF-rPpolcp19k-his complex and of purified E. coli TF on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, while low levels of adsorption were observed for rPpolcp19k-his. Tag-free rPpolcp19k protein also exhibited low adsorption compared to fibrinogen and Cell-Tak controls on hydrophobic, neutral hydrophilic and charged self-assembled monolayers under surface plasmon resonance assay conditions designed to mimic the barnacle cement gland or seawater. Because rPpolcp19k protein displays low adhesive capability, this protein is suggested to confer the ability to self-assemble into a plaque within the barnacle cement complex. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.
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V.R. de Messano, Luciana, Leila Y. Reznik, Lucio Sathler, and Ricardo Coutinho. "Evaluation of biocorrosion on stainless steels using laboratory-reared barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, no. 6 (2014): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-07-2013-1278.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to use the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite reared in the laboratory to investigate the effects of juveniles on corrosion behaviour of three stainless steels (SS): UNS S31600, N08904 and UNS S32760. Design/methodology/approach – Barnacle larvae were maintained in a laboratory until they reached the cypris larval stage. A total of 100 cyprids were added to four individual containers; each SS coupon (70 × 50 × 2 mm3) was immersed into the containers. After the cyprids attached to the coupons, juveniles were reared for 21 days with the microalgae Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve. Values of open circuit potential (OCP), breakdown potential (Eb) and polarisation resistance (Rp) were evaluated, along with surface examinations. Findings – OCP differences between barnacles and control coupons were not apparent. However, the lowest values of Eb and Rp were observed in the presence of juvenile barnacles, demonstrating the SS corrosion caused by these organisms. Crevice corrosion around the base of the barnacles was detected during visual inspections, despite the small size of the barnacles and the short duration of the experiments. Originality/value – The A. amphitrite assays were useful as a tool for testing corrosion behaviour of the SS under laboratory conditions. This was the first study to test the use of this common protocol in anti-fouling research as a method to study marine biocorrosion.
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Yu, Meng-Chen, Niklas Dreyer, Gregory Aleksandrovich Kolbasov, Jens Thorvald Høeg, and Benny Kwok Kan Chan. "Sponge symbiosis is facilitated by adaptive evolution of larval sensory and attachment structures in barnacles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1927 (2020): 20200300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0300.
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Symbiotic relations and range of host usage are prominent in coral reefs and crucial to the stability of such systems. In order to explain how symbiotic relations are established and evolve, we used sponge-associated barnacles to ask three questions. (1) Does larval settlement on sponge hosts require novel adaptations facilitating symbiosis? (2) How do larvae settle and start life on their hosts? (3) How has this remarkable symbiotic lifestyle involving many barnacle species evolved? We found that the larvae (cyprids) of sponge-associated barnacles show a remarkably high level of interspecific variation compared with other barnacles. We document that variation in larval attachment devices are specifically related to properties of the surface on which they attach and metamorphose. Mapping of the larval and sponge surface features onto a molecular-based phylogeny showed that sponge symbiosis evolved separately at least three times within barnacles, with the same adaptive features being found in all larvae irrespective of phylogenetic relatedness. Furthermore, the metamorphosis of two species proceeded very differently, with one species remaining superficially on the host and developing a set of white calcareous structures, the other embedding itself into the live host tissue almost immediately after settlement. We argue that such a high degree of evolutionary flexibility of barnacle larvae played an important role in the successful evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in both coral reefs and other marine systems.
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Gaonkar, Chetan A., and Arga Chandrashekar Anil. "What do barnacle larvae feed on? Implications in biofouling ecology." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 6 (2009): 1241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991238.
Full textAbstract:
Barnacles are one of the dominant macrofouling organisms found in the intertidal region throughout the world. Among the different species of barnacles Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite) is a favoured candidate organism used in experimental studies. Larval development in this barnacle includes planktotrophic naupliar stages followed by pre-settling cyprid instar. Studies have shown that availability of food during naupliar development is of critical importance to successful metamorphosis of the cypris larva. Traditionally barnacle larvae are raised in the laboratory providing mono-algal cultures of diatoms as food organisms. Such a luxury is not a reality in the wild. Observations to quantify the food available for the nauplii deliberated by monitoring the faecal pellets egested by freshly captured larvae from a tropical estuarine environment (Dona Paula bay, Goa, west coast of India) influenced by monsoon and characteristic temporal variations in the phytoplankton abundance and diversity indicated that the percentage of defaecating larvae (an indicator of food consumed) was comparatively higher during the pre-monsoon season. Generally this season is characterized by lower chlorophyll-a concentration. However, the average number of faecal pellets defaecated by a larva remained constant irrespective of the season. Earlier work in the study area depicts temporal changes in phytoplankton community structure; diatoms dominate during the post-monsoon season whereas dinoflagellates dominate during the pre-monsoon season. These observations indicate a possible shift in the food available for the larvae. As the faecal pellets did not always have remnants of diatom frustules, it is possible to say that the larvae survived on food material other than diatoms. Settlement of barnacles on panels of aluminium in the vicinity was monitored throughout the year and peaked during the pre-monsoon season. It is thus possible to infer successful larval development and metamorphosis in this barnacle species on varying forms of food.
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Chan, Benny K. K., and Priscilla T. Y. Leung. "Antennular morphology of the cypris larvae of the mangrove barnacle Fistulobalanus albicostatus (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Balanomorpha)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 4 (2007): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055786.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies on the ultrastructure of barnacle cypris larvae suggest that cypris morphology, especially the antennules which play a key role in selecting the final substratum for settlement, may show variations between species existing in different habitats. In the present study, the cypris morphology of the barnacle Fistulobalanus (Balanus) albicostatus, which predominantly lives on trunks of mangrove trees was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of species from other habitats that have already been described. The antennular segments II and III of F. albicostatus each bear one post-axial seta. The third segment consists of an attachment disc surrounded by a thin cuticular velum and the fourth segment exhibits four sub-terminal setae and five terminal setae. The morphology of the cypris antennules of F. albicostatus is similar to other balanomorph barnacles which inhabit hard shores, revealing that the antennular morphology does not have diagnostic variations between species from the different intertidal habitats. The morphology of the caudal rami (used in the evaluation of the substratum microtopography), however, appears to vary among barnacles living on different substrata.
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Tadi-Beni, Fatemeh, Jamileh Pazooki, Mohsen Safaie, and Fatemeh Nazari. "Diets of Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Portunidae) from the Persian Gulf, Iran." Crustaceana 96, no. 2 (2023): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10267.
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Abstract The food habits of the blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) were investigated using specimens collected from trawl catches in the north-east of the Persian Gulf, from June 2018 to May 2019. Feeding habits of 304 adult female crabs, ranging from 2.6 to 8.7 cm in carapace length, were analysed. The stomach content of examined crabs showed to consist of crustaceans, fish, molluscs, unidentifiable material, sea grass and foraminiferans. We realized that the vacuity index did not show significant differences between ovigerous and non-ovigerous females (). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in the vacuity index between barnacle-carrying crabs — Chelonibia testudinaria — and crabs without barnacles (). There was no significant difference observed in the quantity of the eaten foods between large and medium-sized groups of crabs. But a significant difference was observed between large- and small-sized crabs, and small- and medium-sized crabs. Moreover, significant differences were observed in food items between barnacle-carrying crabs and crabs without barnacles. Also, the percentage of empty stomachs was higher in ovigerous females than in non-ovigerous females.
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Singh, R. "Barnacle infestation in Mangroves of Goa." Indian Journal of Forestry 27, no. 4 (2004): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2004-39198v.
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Rhizophora mucronata plantations raised in the Mandovi river estuary from Panaji to Ribandar along Panaji-Ponda Highway, though highly successful initially, started dying after sometime. Observations showed that the entire plantation was highly infested with barnacles, which had formed colonies on the stems of all the plants and had damaged the plants, most probably by the cement produced by it to attach itself to the plant. Experiments and study on various aspects related to plantation in barnacle infested areas have been started.