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Journal articles on the topic 'Barotropic models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

MELNIKOV, V. N., and V. R. GAVRILOV. "2-COMPONENT INTEGRABLE COSMOLOGICAL MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 11 (2005): 2246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024456.

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A large class of integrable cosmological models with two matter components is presented. The D-dimensional models on the space-time manifold [Formula: see text] are studied in the presence of 2 separately conserved barotropic perfect fluids. Such model are reducible to pseudo-Euclidean Toda-like system and integrable when their barotropic parameters satisfy some algebraic relations. Methods for integrating of pseudo-Euclidean Toda-like systems are based on the Minkowski-like geometry for characteristic vectors composed from the barotropic parameters. We also apply the methods for the spatially

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2

Sempf, Mario, Klaus Dethloff, Dörthe Handorf, and Michael V. Kurgansky. "Circulation Regimes due to Attractor Merging in Atmospheric Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 6 (2007): 2029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3923.1.

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From a dynamical systems theory perspective, the mechanisms of atmospheric regime behavior in a barotropic model, a pseudobarotropic model, and a baroclinic three-level model, where all of them show quite realistic regimes, are unveiled. Along with this, the role played by multiple equilibria for the emergence of regimes in barotropic models is critically reexamined. In the barotropic model, a sequence of bifurcations is observed, which leads to the merging of coexisting attractors and results in two pronounced regimes corresponding to high- and low-index flow. The pseudobarotropic model is co

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3

Tripathy, Sunil K., Subodha K. Nayak, Subrat K. Sahu, and Tushar R. Routray. "Bulk viscous barotropic magnetised string cosmological models." Astrophysics and Space Science 323, no. 3 (2009): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-009-0067-x.

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4

Kwasniok, Frank. "Empirical Low-Order Models of Barotropic Flow." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 2 (2004): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0235:elmobf>2.0.co;2.

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5

Zhao, Baojun, Wenjin Sun, and Tianming Zhan. "The Modified Quasi-geostrophic Barotropic Models Based on Unsteady Topography." Earth Sciences Research Journal 21, no. 1 (2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n1.63007.

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New models using scale analysis and perturbation methods were derivated starting from the shallow water equations based on barotropic fluids. In the paper, to discuss the irregular topography with different magnitudes, especially considering the condition of the vast terrain, some modified quasi-geostrophic barotropic models were obtained. The unsteady terrain is more suitable to describe the motion of the fluid state of the earth because of the change of global climate and environment, so the modified models are more rational potential vorticity equations. If we do not consider the influence

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6

Egger, Joseph. "Barotropic Instability at Minimal Resolution." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 10 (2006): 2943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3225.1.

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Abstract Two linear minimum-resolution models of β-plane channel flow are presented in analogy to the well-known two-layer model of baroclinic instability in order to see if basic features of barotropic instability can be demonstrated using similarly simple models. Two models are discussed within this pedagogical framework. A spectral model with two wave modes is applied to a cosine jet. Necessary conditions for instability are derived. The stability analysis shows that this simple model captures the shortwave cutoff and the asymmetry of the instability with respect to the direction of the jet

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7

Biswas, Promila, and Ritabrata Biswas. "Interacting models of generalized Chaplygin gas and modified Chaplygin gas with barotropic fluid." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 09 (2019): 1950064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319500640.

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In this paper, we consider two different models of our present universe. We choose the models which consist of different sets of two separate fluids. The first one of each set tries to justify the late time acceleration and the second one is barotropic fluid. The former model considers our present time universe to be homogeneously filled up by Generalized Chaplygin Gas which is interacting with barotropic fluid. On the other hand, the latter model considers that the cosmic acceleration is generated by Modified Chaplygin Gas which is interacting with matter depicted by barotropic equation of st

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8

Muraki, David J., and Chris Snyder. "Vortex Dipoles for Surface Quasigeostrophic Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 8 (2007): 2961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3958.1.

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A new class of exact vortex dipole solutions is derived for surface quasigeostrophic (sQG) models. The solutions extend the two-dimensional barotropic modon to fully three-dimensional, continuously stratified flow and are a simple model of localized jets on the tropopause. In addition to the basic sQG dipole, dipole structures exist for a layer of uniform potential vorticity between two rigid boundaries and for a dipole in the presence of uniform background vertical shear and horizontal potential temperature gradient. In the former case, the solution approaches the barotropic Lamb dipole in th

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9

Ji, Xuan, J. David Neelin, Sang-Ki Lee, and Carlos R. Mechoso. "Interhemispheric Teleconnections from Tropical Heat Sources in Intermediate and Simple Models." Journal of Climate 27, no. 2 (2014): 684–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00017.1.

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Abstract The mechanisms that control the interhemispheric teleconnections from tropical heat sources are investigated using an intermediate complexity model [a quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM)] and a simple linear two-level model with dry dynamics. Illustrating the interhemispheric teleconnection process with an Atlantic warm pool principal case, the heat source directly excites a baroclinic response that spreads across the equator. Then, three processes involving baroclinic–barotropic interactions—shear advection, surface drag, and vertical advection—force a cross-equatoria

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10

Willoughby, H. E. "Normal-Mode Initialization of Barotropic Vortex Motion Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 52, no. 24 (1995): 4501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4501:nmiobv>2.0.co;2.

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11

Black, Robert X., and Randall M. Dole. "Storm Tracks and Barotropic Deformation in Climate Models." Journal of Climate 13, no. 15 (2000): 2712–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2712:stabdi>2.0.co;2.

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12

Schoonover, Joseph, William Dewar, Nicolas Wienders, et al. "North Atlantic Barotropic Vorticity Balances in Numerical Models." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 1 (2016): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0133.1.

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AbstractNumerical simulations are conducted across model platforms and resolutions with a focus on the North Atlantic. Barotropic vorticity diagnostics confirm that the subtropical gyre is characterized by an inviscid balance primarily between the applied wind stress curl and bottom pressure torque. In an area-integrated budget over the Gulf Stream, the northward return flow is balanced by bottom pressure torque. These integrated budgets are shown to be consistent across model platforms and resolution, suggesting that these balances are robust. Two of the simulations, at 100- and 10-km resolut

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13

Stammer, D., R. D. Ray, O. B. Andersen, et al. "Accuracy assessment of global barotropic ocean tide models." Reviews of Geophysics 52, no. 3 (2014): 243–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014rg000450.

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14

SLOBODEANU, RADU. "PERFECT FLUIDS FROM HIGH POWER SIGMA-MODELS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, no. 08 (2011): 1763–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005919.

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Certain critical points of a sextic sigma-model Lagrangian reminiscent of Skyrme model correspond to perfect fluids with stiff matter equation of state. We analyze from a differential geometric perspective this correspondence extended to general barotropic fluids.

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15

PRASAD, K. "Prediction of tropical cyclones by numerical models A review." MAUSAM 48, no. 2 (2021): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v48i2.4006.

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ABSTRACT. This paper contains a review of some past and recent developments in cyclone track prediction problem by dynamical models. The early attempts aimed at predicting tropical cyclone motion by using simple barotropic models based on vertically integrated vorticity tendency equation. Barotropic models are still used operationally in some centres due to their simplicity. However, current emphasis is on advanced primitive equation models incorporating physical processes, like cumulus convection, which are necessary to account for a major component of the cyclone movement. An important aspec

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16

Khurshudyan, M., B. Pourhassan, and E. O. Kahya. "Interacting two-component fluid models with varying EoS parameter." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 06 (2014): 1450061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814500613.

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In this paper, we consider Universe filled with two-component fluid. We study two different models. In the first model we assume barotropic fluid with the linear equation of state (EoS) as the first component of total fluid. In the second model we assume van der Waals gas as the first component of total fluid. In both models, the second component assumed generalized ghost dark energy. We consider also interaction between components and discuss, numerically, cosmological quantities for two different parametrizations of EoS which varies with time. We consider this as a toy model of our Universe.

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17

Jensen, Tommy G. "Artificial Retardation of Barotropic Waves in Layered Ocean Models." Monthly Weather Review 124, no. 6 (1996): 1272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1272:arobwi>2.0.co;2.

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18

Dukowicz, John K. "Structure of the barotropic mode in layered ocean models." Ocean Modelling 11, no. 1-2 (2006): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.11.005.

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19

Held, Isaac M., and In-Sik Kang. "Barotropic Models of the Extratropical Response to El Niflo." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 44, no. 23 (1987): 3576–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<3576:bmoter>2.0.co;2.

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20

Tang, Y., and R. Grimshaw. "Radiation Boundary Conditions in Barotropic Coastal Ocean Numerical Models." Journal of Computational Physics 123, no. 1 (1996): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1996.0008.

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21

Schmittner, A., and G. D. Egbert. "An improved parameterization of tidal mixing for ocean models." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 1 (2014): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-211-2014.

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Abstract. Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of mixing higher up in the water column and leads to a stronger mid-depth meridional overturning circulation in the model. Second, the local dissipation efficiency for diurnal tides is assumed to be larger than that for the semi-diurnal tides poleward of 30°. Both modifications are shown to improve agre

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22

Schmittner, A., and G. D. Egbert. "An improved parameterization of tidal mixing for ocean models." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 3 (2013): 4475–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-4475-2013.

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Abstract. Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of mixing higher up in the water column and leads to a stronger mid-depth meridional overturning circulation in the model. Second, the local dissipation efficiency for diurnal tides is assumed to be larger than that for the semi-diurnal tides poleward of 30°. Both modifications are shown to improve agre

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23

Zaron, Edward D., and Gary D. Egbert. "Estimating Open-Ocean Barotropic Tidal Dissipation: The Hawaiian Ridge." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 6 (2006): 1019–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2878.1.

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Abstract The generalized inverse of a regional model is used to estimate barotropic tidal dissipation along the Hawaiian Ridge. The model, based on the linear shallow-water equations, incorporates parameterizations for the dissipation of energy via friction in the bottom boundary layer and form drag due to internal waves generated at topographic slopes. Sea surface height data from 364 orbit cycles of the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon satellite mission are used to perform inversions at eight diurnal and semidiurnal tidal frequencies. It is estimated that the barotropic M2 tide l

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24

Zurita-Gotor, Pablo, Javier Blanco-Fuentes, and Edwin P. Gerber. "The Impact of Baroclinic Eddy Feedback on the Persistence of Jet Variability in the Two-Layer Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 1 (2013): 410–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0102.1.

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Abstract Although it is well known that the persistence of extratropical jet shifts is enhanced by a positive eddy feedback, the dynamics of this feedback is still debated. Two types of mechanisms have been proposed: barotropic mechanisms rely on changes in upper-level propagation and baroclinic mechanisms rely on the coupling between barotropic and baroclinic flow. Recent studies have suggested that barotropic models can capture key aspects of the observed jet variability but the role of baroclinic dynamics has been less explored. This study investigates the temporal relations between barotro

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25

Sharif, M., and H. Ismat Fatima. "Charged anisotropic static cylindrically symmetric models." Canadian Journal of Physics 91, no. 2 (2013): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2012-0418.

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In this paper, we investigate exact solutions of the field equations for charged, anisotropic, static, cylindrically symmetric space–time. We use a barotropic equation of state linearly relating the radial pressure and energy density. The analysis of the matter variables indicates a physically reasonable matter distribution. In the most general case, the central densities correspond to realistic stellar objects in the presence of anisotropy and charge. Finally, we conclude that matter sources are less affected by the electromagnetic field.

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26

Marsaleix, P., F. Auclair, and C. Estournel. "Considerations on Open Boundary Conditions for Regional and Coastal Ocean Models." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 11 (2006): 1604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1930.1.

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Abstract This paper reviews the usual open boundary conditions (OBCs) for coastal ocean models and proposes a complete set of open boundaries based on stability criteria, on mass and energy conservation arguments, and on the ability to enforce external information. This set includes a radiation condition for barotropic variables, an equation of wave propagation for baroclinic velocities, and an advection equation for tracers. Considerations on mass and energy conservation properties suggest a suitable numerical treatment of the barotropic scheme, which is different from what is commonly used.

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27

Sadeghi, J., M. Khurshudyan, and H. Farahani. "Interacting ghost dark energy models in the higher dimensional cosmology." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 14 (2016): 1650108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181650108x.

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We investigate interacting ghost dark energy models in higher dimensional cosmology. We attempt to model dark matter within a barotropic fluid with [Formula: see text]. In this work, we consider four different models based on choosing equation of state (EoS) parameter and interaction term. We confirm that our models agree with observational data.

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28

COLEY, A. A., and R. J. VAN DEN HOOGEN. "ASSISTED INFLATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 20 (2002): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011825.

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The dynamical properties of spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models containing a barotropic perfect fluid and multiple scalar fields with independent exponential potentials is investigated. It is shown that the assisted inflationary scaling solution is the global late-time attractor for the parameter values for which the model is inflationary, even when curvature and barotropic matter are included. For all other parameter values the multi-field curvature scaling solution is the global late-time attractor (in these solutions the curvature is not dynamically negligible asymptotic

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29

Ji, Xuan, J. David Neelin, and C. Roberto Mechoso. "El Niño–Southern Oscillation Sea Level Pressure Anomalies in the Western Pacific: Why Are They There?*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 22 (2015): 8860–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00716.1.

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Abstract Although sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the western Pacific have long been recognized as an integral part of the classic Southern Oscillation pattern associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there is an unresolved question regarding the dynamics that maintain these anomalies. Traditional studies of the ENSO response in the tropics assume a single deep baroclinic mode associated with the tropospheric temperature anomalies. However, the SLP anomalies in the western Pacific are spatially separated from the baroclinic signal in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, CMIP5 models, an

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30

Yang, Xiaodan, Shan Zhou, Shengchang Zhou, Zhenya Song, and Weiguo Liu. "A Barotropic Solver for High-Resolution Ocean General Circulation Models." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040421.

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High-resolution global ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) play a key role in accurate ocean forecasting. However, the models of the operational forecasting systems are still not in high resolution due to the subsequent high demand for large computation, as well as the low parallel efficiency barrier. Good scalability is an important index of parallel efficiency and is still a challenge for OGCMs. We found that the communication cost in a barotropic solver, namely, the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method, is the key bottleneck for scalability due to the high frequency of the gl

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31

Rueda, Francisco J., and S. Geoffrey Schladow. "Quantitative Comparison of Models for Barotropic Response of Homogeneous Basins." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 128, no. 2 (2002): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2002)128:2(201).

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32

Staley, D. O. "Baroclinic and Barotropic Instability Spectra as Functions ofNinN-Level Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 43, no. 17 (1986): 1817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1817:babisa>2.0.co;2.

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33

SANSÓN, L. ZAVALA, and G. J. F. van HEIJST. "Nonlinear Ekman effects in rotating barotropic flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 412 (June 10, 2000): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000008193.

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In the presence of background rotation, conventional two-dimensional models of geostrophic flow in a rotating system usually include Ekman friction – associated with the no-slip condition at the bottom – by adding a linear term in the vorticity evolution equation. This term is proportional to E1/2 (where E is the Ekman number), and arises from the linear Ekman theory, which yields an expression for the vertical velocity produced by the thin Ekman layer at the flat bottom. In this paper, a two- dimensional model with Ekman damping is proposed using again the linear Ekman theory, but now includi

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34

HARKO, T., and M. K. MAK. "DECELERATING CAUSAL BULK VISCOUS COSMOLOGICAL MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 09, no. 02 (2000): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271800000104.

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The dynamics of a causal bulk viscous cosmological fluid filled flat constantly decelerating noninflationary Robertson–Walker spacetime is considered. The matter component of the Universe is assumed to satisfy a linear barotropic equation of state and the state equation of the small temperature Boltzmann gas. The resulting cosmological models satisfy the condition of smallness of the viscous stress. The evolution of the relaxation time, temperature, bulk viscosity coefficient and comoving entropy of the dissipative cosmological fluid are obtained by assuming several bulk viscosity coefficient-

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35

Nie, Yu, Yang Zhang, Gang Chen, and Xiu-Qun Yang. "Delineating the Barotropic and Baroclinic Mechanisms in the Midlatitude Eddy-Driven Jet Response to Lower-Tropospheric Thermal Forcing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 1 (2015): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0090.1.

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Abstract Observations and climate models have shown that the midlatitude eddy-driven jet can exhibit an evident latitudinal shift in response to lower-tropospheric thermal forcing (e.g., the tropical SST warming during El Niño or extratropical SST anomalies associated with the atmosphere–ocean–sea ice coupling). In addition to the direct thermal wind response, the eddy feedbacks—including baroclinic mechanisms, such as lower-level baroclinic eddy generation, and barotropic mechanisms, such as upper-level wave propagation and breaking—can all contribute to the atmospheric circulation response t

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36

Sakamoto, K., H. Tsujino, H. Nakano, M. Hirabara, and G. Yamanaka. "A practical scheme to introduce explicit tidal forcing into an OGCM." Ocean Science 9, no. 6 (2013): 1089–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1089-2013.

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Abstract. A practical scheme is proposed to explicitly introduce tides into ocean general circulation models (OGCM). In this scheme, barotropic linear response to the tidal forcing is calculated by the time differential equations modified for ocean tides, instead of the original barotropic equations of an OGCM. This allows for the usage of various parameterizations specified for tides, such as the self-attraction/loading (SAL) effect and energy dissipation due to internal tides, without unintentional violation of the original dynamical balances in an OGCM. Meanwhile, secondary nonlinear effect

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37

MERRYFIELD, WILLIAM J., and GREG HOLLOWAY. "Topographic stress parameterization in a quasi-geostrophic barotropic model." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 341 (June 25, 1997): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209700534x.

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The physical basis for parameterizing topographic stress due to unresolved eddies is examined in a quasi-geostrophic barotropic model. Topographic stress parameterization is shown to represent two effects of eddies: attraction of the flow to a statistical equilibrium featuring topographically correlated mean currents, and dissipation of potential enstrophy. Performance is evaluated by comparing parameterized low-resolution models with explicit high-resolution models.

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38

Shakespeare, Callum J., Brian K. Arbic, and Andrew McC. Hogg. "The Drag on the Barotropic Tide due to the Generation of Baroclinic Motion." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 12 (2020): 3467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0167.1.

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AbstractThe interaction of a barotropic flow with topography generates baroclinic motion that exerts a stress on the barotropic flow. Here, explicit solutions are calculated for the spatial-mean flow (i.e., the barotropic tide) resulting from a spatially uniform but time-varying body force (i.e., astronomical forcing) acting over rough topography. This approach of prescribing the force contrasts with that of previous authors who have prescribed the barotropic flow. It is found that the topographic stress, and thus the impact on the spatial-mean flow, depend on the nature of the baroclinic moti

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39

Sakamoto, K., H. Tsujino, H. Nakano, M. Hirabara, and G. Yamanaka. "A practical scheme to introduce explicit tidal forcing into OGCM." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 2 (2013): 473–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-473-2013.

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Abstract. A practical scheme is proposed to introduce tides explicitly into ocean general circulation models (OGCM). In this scheme, barotropic linear response to the tidal forcing is calculated by the time differential equations modified for ocean tides, instead of the original barotropic equations of OGCM. This allows usage of various parameterizations specified for tides, such as the self attraction/loading (SAL) effect and energy dissipation due to internal tides, without unintentional violation of the original dynamical balances in OGCM. Meanwhile, secondary nonlinear effects of tides, e.

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40

Perković, Dalibor, and Hrvoje Štefančić. "Purely kinetic k-essence description of cs2(w) barotropic fluid models." Physics of the Dark Universe 32 (May 2021): 100827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2021.100827.

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41

Ting, Mingfang. "Steady Linear Response to Tropical Heating in Barotropic and Baroclinic Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 53, no. 12 (1996): 1698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1698:slrtth>2.0.co;2.

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42

Billyard, A. P., A. A. Coley, R. J. van den Hoogen, J. Ibáñez, and I. Olasagasti. "Scalar field cosmologies with barotropic matter: models of Bianchi class B." Classical and Quantum Gravity 16, no. 12 (1999): 4035–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/16/12/320.

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43

Bauer, Werner, Pranav Chandramouli, Long Li, and Etienne Mémin. "Stochastic representation of mesoscale eddy effects in coarse-resolution barotropic models." Ocean Modelling 151 (July 2020): 101646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101646.

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44

Tung, K. K., and A. J. Rosenthal. "Theories of Multiple Equilibria-A Critical Reexamination. Part I: Barotropic Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 42, no. 24 (1985): 2804–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<2804:tomeac>2.0.co;2.

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45

Ierley, Glenn R. "On the Onset of Inertial Recirculation in Barotropic General Circulation Models." Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, no. 12 (1987): 2366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<2366:otooir>2.0.co;2.

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46

Terwisscha van Scheltinga, A. D., and H. A. Dijkstra. "Nonlinear data-assimilation using implicit models." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 12, no. 4 (2005): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-515-2005.

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Abstract. We show how the traditional 4D-Var method can be adapted for implicit time-integration and extended for multi-parameter estimation. We present the algorithm for this new method, which we call I4D-Var, and demonstrate its performance using a fully-implicit barotropic quasi-geostrophic model of the wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. For the latter model, the different regimes of flow behavior and the regime boundaries (i.e. bifurcation points) are well known and hence the parameter estimation problem can be systematically studied. It turns out that I4D-Var is able to correctly

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St-Cyr, Amik, Christiane Jablonowski, John M. Dennis, Henry M. Tufo, and Stephen J. Thomas. "A Comparison of Two Shallow-Water Models with Nonconforming Adaptive Grids." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 6 (2008): 1898–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2108.1.

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Abstract In an effort to study the applicability of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniques to atmospheric models, an interpolation-based spectral element shallow-water model on a cubed-sphere grid is compared to a block-structured finite-volume method in latitude–longitude geometry. Both models utilize a nonconforming adaptation approach that doubles the resolution at fine–coarse mesh interfaces. The underlying AMR libraries are quad-tree based and ensure that neighboring regions can only differ by one refinement level. The models are compared via selected test cases from a standard test su

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Mangiarotti, S., and F. Lyard. "Surface Pressure and Wind Stress Effects on Sea Level Change Estimations from TOPEX/Poseidon Satellite Altimetry in the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 3 (2008): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2006jtecho419.1.

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Abstract Using the classical inverse barometer (IB) correction and the Modèle d’Onde de Gravité à 2 Dimensions (MOG2D) barotropic model in the Mediterranean Sea during the 1993–2002 period, it is shown that surface pressure and wind stress forcing significantly contribute to sea level elevation variations observed with Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon (T/P) satellite altimetry. The barotropic model allows the authors to estimate the high-frequency atmospheric ocean response that is aliased into the altimetric sea level. Applying the model barotropic correction allows them to reduce

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Youngs, Madeleine K., Andrew F. Thompson, Ayah Lazar, and Kelvin J. Richards. "ACC Meanders, Energy Transfer, and Mixed Barotropic–Baroclinic Instability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 6 (2017): 1291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0160.1.

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AbstractAlong-stream variations in the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) impact heat and tracer transport, regulate interbasin exchange, and influence closure of the overturning circulation. Topography is primarily responsible for generating deviations from zonal-mean properties, mainly through standing meanders associated with regions of high eddy kinetic energy. Here, an idealized channel model is used to explore the spatial distribution of energy exchange and its relationship to eddy geometry, as characterized by both eddy momentum and eddy buoyancy fluxes. Variations in e

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Franzke, Christian, Andrew J. Majda, and Eric Vanden-Eijnden. "Low-Order Stochastic Mode Reduction for a Realistic Barotropic Model Climate." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (2005): 1722–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3438.1.

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Abstract This study applies a systematic strategy for stochastic modeling of atmospheric low-frequency variability to a realistic barotropic model climate. This barotropic model climate has reasonable approximations of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Pacific/North America (PNA) teleconnections as its two leading principal patterns of low-frequency variability. The systematic strategy consists first of the identification of slowly evolving climate modes and faster evolving nonclimate modes by use of an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition. The low-order stochastic climate model pre

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