Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Barrage hydroélectrique'
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Rapin, Anne. "Mobilité du phosphore sédimentaire en contexte de retenues de barrage hydroélectrique." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0097.
Full textInternal sedimentary phosphorus (P) load cause delay time in eutrophication recovery, especially in dam-reservoir systems where P stock are important. Then, the study of sedimentary P mobility in dam-reservoirs allow to better explain P geochemistry in this context and further to adapt management restauration policies. This study highlights the impact of three cascade dams (Age Complex, Creuse, France) on the distribution of sedimentary P along a fluvial continuum. In the impoundments studied, TP levels averaged 1.59 ± 0.51 mgP /g DW and increased towards dams. This contrast with the low and constant concentrations observed in the fluvial parts. In reservoirs, chemical fractionation showed that more than 50% of the extracted P was associated with the ascorbate fraction. The association of P to amorphous Fe oxi-hydroxides in the fine particles accumulated closed to the dam is the major factor explaining the longitudinal variations of the TP contents. In addition, the high levels of P associated with these redox-sensitive phases and the development of a hypoxic hypolimnion in studied reservoirs reveal the high potential for sediment P mobilization. Moreover, in aerobic conditions, a risk of mobilization resulting from an equilibrium concentration between solute and solid fraction exists. The determination of the EPC0 threshold value underlined the spatial evolution of the sink / source role of the sediment with respect to the P, between the reservoirs of the same complex. Finally, the study of sedimentary P mobility in the laboratory, following two successive aerobic and anaerobic cycles, showed that redox potential oscillation observed in the reservoirs, favors the mobilization of the sedimentary P. The geochemistry of iron and the quality of dissolved organic matter appear to be involved in the mobility of P
Ftatsi, Mbetmi Guy-De-Patience. "Fiabilité résiduelle des ouvrages en béton dégradés par réaction alcali-granulat : application au barrage hydroélectrique de Song Loulou." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30116/document.
Full textThis work proposes a multi-scale methodology based on the use of surrogate models function of random variables, to evaluate the residual reliability of concrete structures suffering from alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR), for a better maintenance purpose. Surrogate models, based on polynomial chaos expansion of the parameters of a shape function (sigmoid in the studied cases), have been constituted at several scales, in particular in order to reduce computation time of the underlying physical models. At the microscopic scale, the AAR model employed is that developed by Multon, Sellier and Cyr in 2009, initially comprising about twenty potential random variables. At the end of a Morris sensitivity analysis, the surrogate model enables to reproduce the expansion curve over time of the representative elementary volume as a function of nine random variables. The use of the built-in surrogate model in predicting the mechanical effects of AAR expansion on a concrete core required to take into account the anisotropy of these effects by improving the weight functions proposed by Saouma and Perotti in 2006. The core's scale being validated by the comparison of the predictions with the experimental data of Multon's thesis work, an application at the scale of the Song Loulou dam was undertaken. The computation of the thermo-chemo-mechanical behavior of a spillway stack, whose results in displacement could be compared with the auscultation data provided by the company AES-SONEL (now ENEO), was realized. Surrogate models were then constructed at the scale of the structure to obtain displacements at the points of interest, related to the operating limit states of the spillways, and thus to estimate the residual reliability of the dam. The sensitivity analysis computations as well as the construction of the surrogate models were implemented in Fortran, Java and OpenTURNS. Computations on concrete cores and Song Loulou dam spillway were performed under Cast3M
Frémion, Franck. "Dynamique des flux sédimentaires et des éléments métalliques en lien avec l’exploitation courante et exceptionnelle d’un barrage hydroélectrique." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0102/document.
Full textDam reservoir contexts concentrate social, economic and environmental issues. Their presence modifies both natural water and sediments continuity. Water level can be stable or fluctuate according to hydrological cycles and exploitation, leading to more or less pronounced sediments and associated contaminants remobilization. In such context, this work aims at studying spatio-temporal changes in concentrations, fluxes as well as speciation of metallic elements during natural and anthropologically-driven sediments accumulation and resuspension phases. For this purpose, a 19 months field survey was performed upstream and downstream from the dam during both routine and exceptional exploitation. The water and sediments quality during two sluicing events, performed in order to re-erode deposited reservoir sediments and flush them downstream through the bottom valves of the dam during high flows, were notably monitored. As for the influence of the main physicochemical parameters (i.e., solid/liquid ratio, pH, redox potential, drying) on metallic elements fate and speciation as well as the different processes involved, they were studied through laboratory experiments, statistical analyses and modeling. Results highlighted that during routine exploitation, dam presence leads to a significant discontinuity in metallic element dissolved concentrations, fluxes and speciation, mainly through pH changes magnified by water flow artificial lowering. During sluicing management, the high local pH, redox and S/L changes of the downstream water, mainly following maximum sediments release, enhance As, Fe and Mn solubilization through desorption or metallic oxydes dissolution. Nevertheless, given the overall low mobility of the metallic elements and bearing phases stability, dissolved fluxes remain far lower than particular ones. Recurrent sluicing management permits to minimize sediments and metallic fluxes, limiting toxicity towards aquatic biota
Moullard, Pierre-Yves. "Aménagement hydroélectrique de Turkwel en bordure du rift - Kenya : contribution du génie géologique à la conception et aux travaux du barrage." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10147.
Full textNguyen, Van Thiet. "Aménagements hydroélectriques et conséquences environnementales dans le nord du Vietnam." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20031/document.
Full textThe thesis project assumes that the construction of hydropower dams could be a driven force for a harmonious economic development between mountains and plains. The aim would be to link policies for hydropower dam development, and policies for agriculture in mountains, within individual strategies, in relationship with physical and socio-economic constraints. Since 2000’s, throughout Southeast Asia, many projects of large hydropower dams are built or being built to meet the strong growth in demand for energy, causing great threats to water management and the environment on the one hand, and imposing important population displacement on the other hand. In these mountainous regions, the erosion process is a major risk for both the filling of reservoirs and agricultural soil productivity. Then major investors, for the lifespan of hydropower dams, and small farmers, for their livelihoods, are equally impacted. The challenge is to reformulate the relationship between planning and management of hydropower dams, and planning and management of agricultural uplands in upstream areas of dams. Although the socio-economic support has been very much improved from the Vietnamese State, displaced and non-displaced farmers are still largely undergoing regional socio-spatial changes on-going. In spite of good government and international intentions, the lack of consultation at local level and the lack of knowledge in hydro-ecology remain major constraints to the success of environmental protection and equity between the concerned populations, two mandatory conditions for sustainability of hydroelectric dam projects. In conclusion, it appears that the successful implantation of a large hydroelectric dam is related to the ability of policymakers to understand the complex interactions between ecological and socio-economic systems
Guérin, Frédéric. "ÉMISSION DE GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE (CO2, CH4) PAR UNE RETENUE DE BARRAGE HYDROÉLECTRIQUE EN ZONE TROPICALE (PETIT-SAUT, GUYANE FRANÇAISE) :EXPÉRIMENTATION ET MODÉLISATION." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00079947.
Full textSur 10 ans, les émissions atmosphériques se sont avérées très significatives, notamment les trois premières années ayant suivies la mise en eau, puis décroissent au cours du temps. Tandis que 50% des émissions de CO2 ont lieu à la surface du lac, les émissions de CH4 sont principalement localisées en aval des turbines.
Les émissions atmosphériques résultent de la dégradation de la MO (sol et biomasse issus de la forêt tropicale) immergée lors de la mise en eau et leur diminution au cours du temps découle de l'épuisement du stock de MO. Au terme de 10 ans, 20% du stock de carbone a été minéralisé et émis vers l'atmosphère sous forme de CO2 et de CH4. L'oxydation aérobie du CH4 transforme plus de 95% du CH4 diffusant depuis l'hypolimnion en CO2 dans la colonne d'eau du lac et 40% du CH4 entrant dans la rivière à l'aval. A l'échelle du barrage ce processus est responsable de l'oxydation de 90% du CH4 produit et de 30% des émissions totales de CO2. Le CH4 et le CO2 qui atteignent les eaux de surface du barrage sont émis vers l'atmosphère par flux diffusifs. L'étude de ce processus de transfert gazeux à l'interface air-eau montre que, en milieu tropical, les flux diffusifs sont accélérés par les fortes températures et les phénomènes pluvieux.
Le modèle est basé sur le modèle hydrodynamique SYMPHONIE 2D et les modules biogéochimiques développés dans le cadre de cette étude à partir des données cinétiques des processus étudiés. Les profils verticaux simulés de température, d'oxygène, de CO2 et de CH4 sont bien reproduits. Ce modèle pose les bases d'un outil opérationnel de modélisation pour la retenue de Petit Saut ainsi que pour d'autres réservoirs en milieu tropical.
Guérin, Frédéric. "Emission de gaz à effet de serre (CO2,CH4) par une retenue de barrage hydroélectrique en zone tropicale (Petit-saut, Guyane française) : expérimentation et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00079947.
Full textThe emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and the carbon cycle in the Petit-Saut reservoir and in the Sinnamary River (French Guiana) were studied with an aim of developing a coupled physical/biogeochemical model. The development of this model required the study of three processes controlling these emissions: (i) CO2 and CH4 production during the mineralization in anoxic condition of organic matter (OM) from soils and plants, (ii) aerobic CH4 oxidation in the water column of the lake and (iii) the processes involved in gas exchange at the air-water interface. Over 10 years, atmospheric emissions were shown to be very significant, in particular the first three years having followed the reservoir impoundment and then decreased with time. While 50% of the CO2 emissions take place at the surface of the lake, the emissions of CH4 are mainly localized downstream from the turbines. The atmospheric emissions result from the degradation of OM (soil and biomass originating from the tropical forest) flooded during impoundment and their reduction with time rises from the exhaustion of the OM stock. 10 years after impoundement, 20% of the carbon stock were mineralized and emitted to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and of CH4. Aerobic CH4 oxidation transforms more than 95% of the CH4 diffusing upward from the hypolimnion into CO2 in the water column of the lake and 40% of the CH4 entering the river downstream of the dam. In the whole Petit Saut system, this process is responsible for the oxidation of 90% of the produced CH4 and 30% of the total CO2 emissions. The CH4 and CO2 which reach the water surface of the reservoir and of the river downstream of the dam are emitted to the atmosphere by diffusive flux. The study of this process of gas transfer to the interface air-water shows that, in tropical environment, diffusive fluxes are enhanced by the elevated temperatures and the rainy phenomena. The model is based on the hydrodynamic model SYMPHONY 2D and the biogeochemical model developed during this study starting from the kinetic data of the studied processes. The simulated vertical profiles of temperature, oxygen, CO2 and CH4 are well reproduced. This model poses the bases of an operational tool of modeling for the Petit-Saut reservoir like for other reservoirs in tropical environments
Trepanier, Cheralee. "L’impact de l’instauration de la centrale hydroélectrique Caribou Falls sur la communauté One Man Lake située dans le nord-ouest de l’Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38662.
Full textCailleaud, Emilie. "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote et émissions de gaz à effet de serre (CH4, CO2 et N2O) du lac de barrage de Petit Saut et du fleuve Sinnamary en aval du barrage (Guyane Française)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30379.
Full textInland waters are sources of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In order to define their importance in the global balance of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, numerous studies have been conducted to quantify the different fluxes of the carbon and nitrogen browsing them. These fluxes are modified by the creation of dams on river beds. Few studies present full carbon and nitrogen balances (inputs, outputs, fluxes to the atmosphere and sequestration) for reservoirs, and they concern only boreal and temperate ecosystems. The creation of a dam floods organic matter (OM) (soils and forests), which is rapidly degraded the first years following the impoundment and thereafter more slowly. The state of degradation of the OM and the main source of GHG in a reservoir nearly 20 years after impoundment are often unknown. The study conducted 18 years after the impoundment of the Petit Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) is the first study where the main elements of carbon and nitrogen cycles of an hydroelectric reservoir, and its river downstream, located in equatorial climate and which creation resulted in the flooding of primary forest, are studied nearly 20 years after impoundment. This study is based on (i) a monthly measurement of water quality and carbon and nitrogen concentrations upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (ii) measurements and/or calculations of the different fluxes of GHG through the atmosphere, (iii) data of the isotopic signature and of the state of degradation of OM upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (iv) sediments and 1994’s flooded tree trunks sampling and (v) incubations of downstream river water, sediments and tree trunks from the reservoir. All the data collected during the 12 months of campaigns carried out in 2012 - 2013 allowed us to determine that (i) flooded soils are still significant sources of GHG unlike flooded tree trunks, (ii) in the reservoir 84 % of CH4 emissions and 51 % of CO2 emissions occur in the littoral zone (< 10 m depth), (iii) 54 % of the CO2 produced in the river downstream of the dam come from the degradation of the OM provided by the reservoir. This study also allowed us to achieve carbon and nitrogen balances in Petit Saut and emission balance of each GHG emitted (CH4, CO2, N2O) nearly 20 years after impoundment
Cisse, Coumba. ""Vivre à l'ombre proche" du barrage de Manantali : les formes de représentations sociales des impacts dans les campements et les villages environnants." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080063/document.
Full textIn 1988 the Senegal River basin in Mali has witnessed the building of a dam by the Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) in French. The main objective is the production of electric power shared between: Mali (52%), Senegal (33%) and Mauritania (15%). But the birth of this dam has deeply disrupted the organization and functioning of all the waterside’s areas. The territories around the Bafing, the river where the dam is localized, are now strictlydivided by the reservoir between an upstream and downstream portions. This artificial lake has created new types of spatial organization with the recent settlements of 25 fishing camps.This new economy has created a pull factor for professional fishermen coming from the central regions of Mali, particularly Mopti and Segou. The lake hence becomes a huge fish reserve with larger sizes compared to those caught in the Bafing, the Bakoye or even in the Senegal River. In the upstream areas of the dam, fishing has become the first business activityencouraging local young farmers and herdsmen towards an unlikely professional retraining.Fishermen settlements occupy former site of displaced villages due to the dam construction. Thirty-three villages have been relocated downstream of the dam in the lands of existing hamlets. This cohabitation disruptstraditional land use and leads to social strains
Qsair, Zoubida. "Le barrage d'Eguson, cas révélateur de changement de paradigme environnemental : un lac et son bassin face aux enjeux de l'eutrophisation." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/zoubida-qsair_4809_vm.pdf.
Full textSome reservoir lakes undergo a permanent evolution of their uses; varies from energy production to recreational use; this is the case for the Eguzon dam lake, also called Lac Chambon, built in the foot hills of the Massif Central. Despite a very controversial construction at the beginning of the 20th century, the dam appears to be socially acceptable because of its socioeconomic anchorage in its territory. One of the objectives of the thesis is to use the remarkable case of its long existence to understand the change of environmental paradigm, between the time of its construction, productivist vision, then the current era, marked by a seaside tourism valorization curbed by environmental problems, its advanced eutrophication and its proliferation of cyanobacteria, which weakens its social acceptability.To evaluate the trophic status of Chambon Lake and to understand the process of its cyanobacterial blooms, we proposed a new index of trophic status composed of five variables and the application of a limnological geography approach from two scales, the scale of the lake combined at the scale of its watershed. Sampling campaigns were conducted at these two scales using two limnological methods, buoy thermistance, multi-parameter probe; the monitoring of the algal mass by fluorescence, FluoroProbe; a multi-parameter photometer for monitoring nutrients and the Secchi Disk for monitoring transparency.At the lake-reservoir scale, this thesis evaluates the role of its limnic and biochemical functioning in its cyanobacterial blooms. At the scale of the lake's watershed, this work confirms that Lake Chambon is under the influence of its watershed for all inputs, including nutrients. The long-term cause of the degradation of its water qualityis the fact of its river tributaries, its lacustrine waters being only a revealer of the problem, because of their capacity of less self-purification
Dominique, Yannick. "Contamination par les différentes formes chimiques du mercure de la composante biologique du barrage hydroélectrique de Petit-Saut et des zones amont/aval du fleuve Sinnamary, en Guyane française (études in situ et approches expérimentales)." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13180.
Full textRousseau, Baptiste. "Comportement des interfaces fragiles des ouvrages hydroélectriques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1937.
Full textLacroze, Luc. "Le Mékong du Yunnan à la mer de Chine : contribution à l'étude de l'aménagement d'un fleuve tropical." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040004.
Full textThe thesis intends to study the development of rivers that, since the middle of the 19th century, have been the subject of studies, projects, or implementations in the part of the Mekong basin located between the southern frontier of Yunnan and the China sea. The climate of the region is governed by monsoons, which means each year an alternation of drought and flooding, sometimes devastating. Besides, the Mekong and its tributaries, with their numerous waterfalls and rapids, are not good communication routes. Until the middle of the 20th century especially South Vietnam benefited from helps for rice-growing thanks to the creation and maintenance of a thick network of waterways. These implementations have enabled irrigation, drainage, washing of lands containing alum, fight against saline water intrusion. However the Mekong is still a poor communication route, for channel-marking and rockblasting works have only been carried out on some reaches. Since the middle of the 20th century the riparian countries have tried, after having created a "Mekong committee" under the aegis of the UNO, to expand their economy, essentially by the development of rivers. Their projects (implementations of big hydroelectric dams, reservoirs to drown rapids and falls) have only been followed by very modest implementations. Insecurity is partly responsible for that, but also the very ambition
Groga, Noël. "Structure, fonctionnement et dynamique du phytoplancton dans le lac de Taabo (Côte d'Ivoire)." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6981/1/Groga.pdf.
Full textFahrner, Gwenaëlle. "Typologie des impacts potentiels des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur les populations de truite situées en aval." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/57/54/27/PDF/these-Fahrner-VF032011.pdf.
Full textResearch conducted on Brown trout populations downstream of impoundments has showed the influence of several natural constraints. First, population dynamics analysis of 3 Brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations, along with a multiple-sites analysis (53 stations) of relationships between by-passed sections populations and their physical habitat templet, showed several structuring factors. The first filter is stream width. On top of that, natural flood events constrain the populations. Furthermore, habitat fragmentation related to the size of each dam affects juveniles variability, while flow replenishment along the bypassed section parlty determines trout abundance. The second step consisted in characterizing the physical habitat in which the different salmonid regulated reaches are to be found, for the entire hydroelectric EDF (Electricité de France) facilities. 15 types were established, based on their mountain range (Alps, Pyrénées and Massif Central), on the combination of two major hydromorphological variables (stream gradient and mean annual streamflow), and on the flow-sediment regime. Finally, litterature general knowledge on impacts of impoundments on trout populations and specific knowledge from the multiple-sites analysis were combined with the different types of regulated reaches physical habitats. General knowlege on stream habitats sensitivity of a given area can be gained from this combination. Using these results, it is possible to build an ecological risk assessment framework for bypassed reaches trout populations : this framework assess the risk related to a given impoundment, risk which comes on top of preexisting physical natural constraints defined according to the type the reaches belong to
Fournier, Judith. "Estimation de l'évaporation des réservoirs hydroélectriques boréals en contexte de données limitées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67912.
Full textHydroelectric reservoirs around the world are managed using hydrological models to calculate water inflows and outflows. Evaporation on these reservoirs is typically neglected or calculated in the same way as evapotranspiration over the entire watershed, although the processes governing the two phenomena are different. A better quantification of evaporation is of growing interest in Quebec and internationally due to climate change, which is causing an increase in water losses by evaporation on reservoirs. This study therefore examines various evaporation models for open water bodies, taking into account the practical context in which hydrological models are generally operated, that is with low availability of input data. The study focuses mainly on two reservoirs with contrasting morphometries and located in the Canadian boreal zone, Eastmain-1 and Romaine-2. For this purpose, a set of observed evaporation data obtained using a direct measurement technique called eddy covariance, is used as a reference. Of all the approaches considered, the mass transfer model with a constant Dalton number of 1.2 x 10⁻³ gives the most accurate estimation of evaporation at hourly time steps. Daily totals are also estimated with good accuracy both during the warming of the water body in spring and during the energy release period in fall. Sensitivity analysis show that the use of this model with limited data is possible, at least for the two reservoirs studied. These limited data consist of air temperature and relative humidity taken on land in the vicinity of the reservoir, water surface temperature measured in situ, and wind speed at a height of 10 m taken from the bank of the reservoir facing the prevailing winds. The application of the model on Lake Leman, located in a more temperate region, also gives good results.
Larouzee, Justin. "Théorie et pratique des modèles d’erreur humaine dans la sécurité des barrages hydroélectriques : le cas des études de dangers de barrages d’EDF." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0067/document.
Full textThis thesis presents two different works: (1) an in-depth study of James Reason's work (Swiss cheese model) and (2) the engineering activity of a model (ECHO) of organizational and human factors in operation of EDF's dams. These works are articulated regarding the role, value and place of human error models in industrial safety management.A literature review shows that dams' safety is mainly based on technical issues. The considerations relating to human factors, although pervasively present in the accidents, seem to be lacking in practice. After its wide use, we present in detail the Reason's model. We highlight a double collaboration (poorly documented) between research and industry on the one hand, Humanities and engineering Sciences on the second hand. Based on this dual partnership as a success condition for efficient safety culture developments, we present the engineering process associated with the design and the implementation of a human factor model in EDF dams' hazards study. Finally, we try to measure and report the effects produced by ECHO on the representations and practices.The discussion focuses on the interest and modalities for double collaboration in industrial safety and, therefore hopes to contribute to reframe the debate on model's nature and value
Boyer-Bernard, Sylvie. "Contribution à la définition de dispositifs d'évitement des centrales hydroélectriques pour les juvéniles de poissons migrateurs." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT010A.
Full textGaly-Lacaux, Corinne. "Modifications des échanges de constituants mineurs atmosphériques liées à la création d'une retenue hydroélectrique. Impact des barrages sur le bilan du méthane dans l'atmosphère." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30310.
Full textAllaire, Bernard. "Une économie en déséquilibre : les Autochtones du St-Maurice, de la traite des fourrures à la construction des barrages hydroélectriques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29286.
Full textNazon, Philippe Pierre. "Etude du développement des petits aménagements hydroélectriques par une approche de génie industriel et de gestion de projet." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30076.
Full textLauters, François. "Impacts sur l'écosystème aquatique de la gestion par éclusées des ouvrages hydroélectriques : étude de quelques cours d'eau et analyse des phénomènes mis en jeu." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30140.
Full textBroitman, Rojas Claudio. "Entre la construction du point de vue et l’immersion sensible : comprendre le cours d'un projet. Le cas d’un projet de barrages hydroélectriques au Chili." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040046.
Full textThrough a reflexive perspective, this research looks to apprehend a conflictual frame (it may be a sociotechnical controversy or a communicational conflict), regarding different angles of a scientific construction’s problem. We articulate methodological elements from ethnography, translation sociology and discourse analysis to examine the technical, political and communicational aspects of a discussion that lasted for ten years and engaged hundredths of scientists, experts, politicians and lay people in the production of knowledge.Our case study is the hydro electrical project HidroAysén in Chilean Patagonia that proposed to install five mega-dams in this territory in order to produce one fifth of the national production of energy. We integrate the attention to the other in a conflictual frame to stakeholders, its argumentations and the discursive circulation of its cultural productions. Those problématiques impregnate the research in every studied level: communication situations in the interviews, stakeholder’s interactions and media text’s analyses
Mérigoux, Sylvie. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle de l'environnement et structure des peuplements de juvéniles de poissons : cas d'un fleuve intertropical soumis à un aménagement hydroélectrique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10261.
Full textRossetto, Edimar Rodrigo. "O projeto formativo de educação do campo do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) no oeste e no sudoeste paranaense." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/58.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Actuellement, il est nécessaire de parler des mouvements sociaux ruraux, mais il faut préciser comment, où, quand et pourquoi ces articulations populaires se forment. Le Mouvement des personnes affectées par un barrage (MAB) est reconnu non seulement au Brésil, en raison de son ordre du jour principal de la lute principale qui se trouve dans la défense des droits des personnes touchées par les barrages, mais il est vu et souligné au niveau international, en particulier en Amérique latine. La zone étudiée, à savoir de l'Ouest et du Sud-Paraná, est considérée par certains théoriciens comme arrière-pays de l'Etat, en raison du fait que le processus d'occupation et de colonisation fut tardie. C‟est à partir de l'installation de la centrale hydroélectrique d'Itaipu (de UHI), que la population locale et régionale est atteinte, conduisant à la première articulation populaire contre les barrages, qui se consolide à partir pressions religieuses, précisement, la Commission pastorale de la terre (CPT-PR). En ce sens, la lutte des paysans expropriés contre Itaipu réaffirme et unifie les autres luttes, également provoquées par l'installation de centrales hydroélectriques de petite envergure. Par consequente, il fout comprendre la lutte de la Commission régionale des personnes affecteés par le barrage du bassin de la rivière Iguaçu (CRABI), qui a été consolidée dans les années 1990, en recevant le soutien des dirigeants sociaux qui ont combattu dans Itaipu et d'autres dirigeants d‟autresEtats de Fédération. Cette commission c‟est renforcée au détriment de l'expropriation des paysans et des villageois sont soumis, à partir de l'installation de la centrale hydroélectrique du Gouverneur José Richa plus connu sous le nom de centrale hydroélectrique de Salto Caxias, située sur la rivière Iguaçu, á la division entre les municipalités de Captaine Leonidas Marques ( rive droite) et la Nouva-Prata do Iguaçu (rive gauche). C‟est á partir de cet ensemble de luttes que le MAB est consolidé dans le soi-disant «arriere-pays de Paraná», se joigmant à un mouvement national contre les barrages,c‟est-à-dire le MAB national. Dans cette ligne d‟analyse, ce travail a pour objectif central de comprendre le rôle des dirigeants - de la lutte venant de Salto Caxias, a partir de la réinstallation des personnes expropriées dans la lutte pour l'éducation, avec la consolidation des écoles rurales dans le nouvel emplacement acquis par Companhia Paranaense de l'énergie électrique (de COPEL). Comme les établissements d'enseignement sont le résultat de la lutte des paysans et du MAB est inséré dans la lutte pour un projet formatif de l'éducation, axée sur les intérêts des communautés de la campagne comme mentionné ci-dessus, nous cherchons à comprendre comment le souvenir de la lute du mouvement social s‟insére dans le quotidien scolaire à travers un projet d'école vivante, conforme à la réalité de la campagne. En termes de méthodologie, la recherche bibliographique pour la jonction de la reférence théorique s‟est réalise dans les oeuvres, thèses, mémoires et monographies sur le sujet étudié. Mais le travail empirique a consisté dans la collecte de données dans le domaine de la recherche, soit, dans les deux écoles et au le Secrétariat du MAB régional de la ville de Francisco Beltrão / PR. Cette étape a été réalisée au moyen d'entrevues avec les enseignants, avec les dirigeants de l'école et du mouvement social. On a appliqué un questionnaire fermé de 12 questions faites à 50% des étudiants présents dans toutes les classes de l'école secondaire le jour de la visite dans les deux collèges. Dans le College de réinstallation saint François d'Assise, les questionnaires ont été appliquées le matin et les interviews le matin et l'après-midi. Alors que dans le College de réinstallation Saint-Marc, les questionnaires et les entretiens ont été appliquées le soir. La différence dans les périodes dans les quelles les questionnaires et les entretiens ont été appliquées dans les écoles est liée à l‟organisation des activités de chaque institution et de la fréquence du mouvement des enseignants et des responsables dans chaque institution. Enfin dans le département de mouvement, les dates de réalisation on varié en fonction de la disponibilité de chaque responsable d'accorder l'entrevue.
Atualmente é mister falar de movimentos sociais do campo, porém cabe pontuar como, onde, quando e porque estas articulações populares se formam. O Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) é reconhecido não só no Brasil, devido a sua pauta de luta principal que recai na defesa dos direitos da população afetada por barragens, mas é visto e enfatizado internacionalmente, principalmente na América Latina. A região pesquisada, a saber, Oeste e Sudoeste paranaense, é vista por alguns teóricos como o sertão do Estado, devido ao fato de ter seu processo de ocupação e colonização tardio. É a partir da instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu (UHI), que a população local e regional é atingida, dando origem à primeira articulação popular contra barragens, que se consolida a partir de pressão religiosa, no caso, a Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT-PR). Nesse sentido, a luta dos sujeitos expropriados do campo contra Itaipu reafirma e unifica as demais lutas, originadas também pela instalação de usinas hidrelétricas de menor abrangência. Portanto, recai entender o processo de luta da Comissão Regional dos Atingidos por Barragens da Bacia do Rio Iguaçu (CRABI), que se consolidou na década de 1990, recebendo o apoio dos líderes sociais que lutaram em Itaipu e demais lideranças provindas de outros Estados da federação. Esta comissão se fortalece em detrimento à expropriação de sujeitos do campo e vileiros, a partir da instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica Governador José Richa, mais conhecida como Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias, localizada no Rio Iguaçu, nas divisas entre os municípios de Capitão Leônidas Marques (margem direita) e Nova Prata do Iguaçu (margem esquerda). É a partir deste conjunto de lutas que o MAB se consolida no chamado sertão paranaense , se aglutinando a um movimento nacional contra barragens, neste caso, o MAB Nacional. Nessa linha de análise, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo central entender o papel das lideranças-provindas da luta em Salto Caxias, a partir da realocação dos sujeitos expropriados para reassentamentos-na luta por educação, com a consolidação de escolas do campo na nova localidade adquirida pela Companhia Paranaense de Energia Elétrica (COPEL). Como as instituições educacionais são fruto da luta dos sujeitos do campo, e o MAB está inserido na luta por um projeto formativo de educação, voltado aos interesses das comunidades do campo, como já mencionado, procura-se entender como a memória de luta do movimento social se insere no dia a dia escolar por meio de um projeto de escola viva, condizente com a realidade do campo. Em termos de metodologia, a garimpagem bibliográfica para a junção do referencial teórico se realizou por meio de obras, teses, dissertações e monografias referentes ao tema trabalhado. Já o trabalho empírico consistiu-se na coleta de dados no campo de pesquisa, ou seja, nos dois colégios e na Secretaria Regional do MAB do município de Francisco Beltrão/PR. Esta etapa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com professores, com lideranças escolares e do movimento social. Foi aplicado um questionário fechado com 12 questões para 50% dos educandos presentes em todas as turmas do Ensino Médio, no dia da visita, nos dois colégios. No Colégio Estadual do Reassentamento São Francisco de Assis, os questionários foram aplicados no período matutino e as entrevistas na parte da manhã e da tarde. Já no Colégio Estadual do Reassentamento São Marcos, os questionários e as entrevistas foram aplicados no período noturno. A diferença nos períodos em que foram aplicados os questionários e as entrevistas nos colégios está ligada à organicidade das atividades de cada instituição de ensino e no movimento de frequência dos professores e das lideranças em cada instituição. Já no departamento do movimento, as datas de realização variaram conforme a disponibilidade de cada líder em conceder a entrevista.
Lavedan, Gérard. "Aménagement hydroélectrique de Turkwel en bordure du rift - Kenya : contribution du génie géologique à la conception et aux travaux de l'aménagement souterrain." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10145.
Full textVachon, Mélissa. "Analyse dendroécologique de l'activité du caribou migrateur (Rangifer tarandus) à proximité des réservoirs hydroélectriques du Complexe La Grande, Baie James, Québec subarctique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26644/26644.pdf.
Full textGingras, Mathieu. "Le rôle des représentations dans les projets de mise en valeur des rivières du Québec : les enjeux de l'implantation de la filière de la petite production hydroélectrique sur la rivière Batiscan." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24714/24714.pdf.
Full textAt the beginning of 1990s, to meet objectives of regional development and maximization of the hydroelectric production, the government of Quebec adopted energy policies aiming to retrofit and construct small power stations by independent producers. To ensure their profitability, small power stations must be built close to existent energy transport networks and consumption places. Moreover, they are often located where the rivers are banked or present important falls. These sites are situated near or in the heart of inhabited and attended places, notably for recreotouristic purposes. Furthermore, these falls and landscapes are symbols of identity and have territorial significance for the local communities. This situation inevitably generated river-use conflicts where many perceptions of the management and the development of the rivers are in opposition. To make an in-depth analysis of this problem, we made a case study concerning the Batiscan river (Mauricie), where promoters considered the construction of three small hydroelectric power stations (1987-1990). Using 15 semi-directed talks and through a review of five daily newspapers (1990-2007), we analyzed the speech of the actors, in order to understand the strategic role and the evolution of the territorial representations of those concerned with the projects of small hydroelectric power stations. This study shows that the promoters of the small hydroelectric power stations perceive this type of development of the river as being a type of regional development which would make it possible to generate substantial economic repercussions for host territories. On the other hand, the opponents, gathered within citizen committees to obtain the abandonment of the projects. Their speech conveys the representation that the realization of the hydroelectric power stations on the Batiscan river goes against the concept of common good and would undermine the landscape, the environmental integrity of the river and the recreotouristic development of the area. By a process of collective reappropriation and valorization of the elements of the territory having a strong patrimonial and identity value, those sought to work out and implement alternative projects which would make it possible to counter the projects of small hydroelectric power stations and to guarantee the protection of the inherent characteristics of the river.
Coin, Raphae͏̈l. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des communautés végétales artificielles sur les ouvrages des aménagements hydroélectriques : enseignements en vue d'améliorer les techniques de végétalisation." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10140.
Full textBernard-Légat, Lucie. "La patrimonialisation d'un ouvrage hydro-électrique en milieu périurbain : le cas du canal de jonage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH026/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis and the aim of this research is the Cusset plant-dam in the Rhone department in the town of Villeurbanne and the canal which supplies it with water. This hydro-electric power plant, started up in 1899, is part of a renovation project, 19 kilometres long, on the banks of the Jonage canal which is a derivation of the Rhone upriver from the city of Lyon. Cusset is a symbolic element in the history of electricity that is visible in the urban site of Lyon and which is moreover still in use. The building of the Jonage canal, at a transitional period in the history of energy when electricity took over as the main power supply, marks "the growing importance of French hydro-electricity". It was the first time that a dam was built on a big river near a town. At the same time as plants were being built near the waterfalls of the Alps and the Pyrenees, with Cusset, for the first time, electricity was being brought to already existing industrial sites. This project would make Lyon the most electrified city in France thanks to the plant which was the most powerful in Europe when it was built. Cusset is not only a technical symbol but also a political one, incarnating the overall modernity of the Lyonnais area. This project is in fact threefold : water supply, fluvial navigation and the production of electricity.The plant-dam of Cusset and the building of the Jonage canal have already been studied as the subject of historical research. In this thesis, the aim is to focus the research on the Cusset plant-dam and the Jonage canal on the heritage impact of the project rather than the historical impact. There is no denying that Cusset is a great heritage site , not only for its innovative value, but also for its spectacular architecture. Cusset is a real reservoir of pictures, the most symbolic certainly being the poster of the electricity fairy on the Jonage canal. The architecture of the building is the result of the joint work of the engineer and the architect. Moreover the majesty of the building is already being enhanced when illuminated at night. It can now be said that it has been possible to combine the industrial exploitation of a site whilst respecting the heritage of that same site. The overall aspect of the site as well as the interior have hardly changed since the renovation carried out in the thirties. Cusset, a site where energy is produced,( mainly hydro-electric power but there is also a thermic plant), and a site where energy is transported. It can truly be said that Cusset is an exceptional site which for many reasons deserves to have special attention paid to it.This thesis however does not simply examine the heritage and buildings of the site. As we have already said, the Cusset plant-dam is part of a project that stretches over 19 kilometres. For the past few years, the Greater Lyon authorities have been working on an important development project for the banks of the Jonage canal. The "Carré de soie", an area near to the plant is also changing. So today Cusset goes beyond being simply a power plant by being integrated into the more global project of redefining the urban area in which it is situated. The Cusset plant and dam must be considered as a whole , taking into account the buildings, the development of the canal banks and the city around it. So this research into the heritage site is concentrated on the specific relationship between the plant and its environment and the various aspects, events and perceptions that have made or can make Cusset a heritage site that has been integrated into an urban setting. It is also interesting to study the various people and institutions that have contributed over time to making this energy production site a heritage site. It is from this point of view that this thesis raises new points of interest to be explored and researched around this industrial site
Ngor, Peng Bun. "Dynamique des peuplements de poissons dans le bassin inférieur du Mékong." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30037/document.
Full textThe Mekong seasonal flow plays a pivotal role in structuring up- and downstream aquatic communities. The thesis investigates the dynamics of spatial and temporal fish community structure in the Lower Mekong system, i.e. the Lower Mekong River and its major tributaries. Using spatial and time-series datasets and univariate as well as multivariate statistical approaches, the thesis highlights: * The importance of flow and other environmental factors in explaining spatial and temporal dynamics of fish diversity patterns and assemblage structure in the Lower Mekong system. * The effects of indiscriminate fishing in one of the world's largest tropical inland fisheries, the Tonle Sap, with the finding of, despite overall stationary catch per unit effort (CPUE), strong alterations in assemblages composition, with decreasing trends in catches of large-sized species, and increasing trends in the catches of some small-sized species. * Contrasted responses of fish assemblages to a gradient of disruption of flow seasonality and predictability due to dams in the Lower Mekong system. The results obtained through this thesis contribute to the ecological understanding of fish assemblages and to the design of applications for long-term planning, monitoring, management and conservation of fisheries in the Mekong Basin and beyond. The thesis suggests that: * Maintaining the Mekong robust and predictably seasonal flood pulse dynamics and habitat connectivity is imperative to ensure fish longitudinal and lateral dispersal ability among critical habitats for breeding, feeding and seeking refuge. * Setting appropriate regulations based on known peak fish migrations at various spatiotemporal scales would allow migratory fish species to pass through rivers, access critical habitats and complete their life cycles. Also, enforcing and operationalizing the existing formal fisheries management mechanisms effectively at local, national and regional levels as well as allocating sufficient resources to the fishery sector to combat illegal fishing practices and implementing fisheries conservation measures in critical habitats would help deal with the problem of overharvesting. * Hydropower-related pulsed flows that can mimic as far as possible the natural pulsed flows are critical to reduce downstream effects on aquatic organisms, and, thus, should be prioritized and applied as one of the measures to mitigate the impacts from existing and planned hydropower dams in the Mekong Basin
Bouvier, Anne-Laure. "L'évolution de l'évaluation des impacts depuis le début des années 1970 : le cas des grands barrages hydroélectriques au Québec." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1977/1/M9206.pdf.
Full textDe, Ladurantaye Daniel. "Application de la recherche opérationnelle à deux problèmes industriels : ordonnancement d'un laminoir et gestion de barrages hydroélectriques." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17861.
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