Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Barrages – Modèles mathématiques'
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Anthiniac, Patrice. "Modélisation hydroplastique des enrochements de barrage en éléments finis." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22087.
Full textBenzenati, Ikhlef. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des sols saturés appliquée aux barrages et effets de site." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0275.
Full textNzokou, Tanekou François. "Ice rupture hydrodynamic modeling." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26683/26683.pdf.
Full textKharik, Ekaterina. "Numerical simulations of thermal loads exerted on dams by laterally confined ice covers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29824.
Full textHydroelectric dams are subjected to ice loads in cold climates. Withstanding such loads is an important safety requirement for the structures. Although dams have been built and operated by different countries for many years, there is no consensus on a design ice load criteria. Design values vary considerably – by more than 3 times from one international authority to another. The complex nature of ice loads involves many factors and uncertainties that still prevent the full understanding of ice field processes in spite of much progress done in this direction. This doctoral research aims to give new insights into reservoir ice loads, and, thus, to move forward the objective of harmonization of ice load design criteria. The main approach of this research is a compilation of existing models of ice material behaviour and their inclusion in the numerical simulation of key historical ice load events measured in Canada. A construction of a numerical model begins with a choice of key processes and key assumptions as well as material models to include. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review on the topic is required. During the project, diverse literature on ice material behaviour was reviewed. This thesis describes a 3D creep material model for rheological behaviour of two types of ice, namely columnar (S2) ice and snow (T1) ice. The constructed model can be implemented into software to simulate behaviour of ice under the static loads. In this project, the commercial software ANSYS was used for this purpose to build a finite element model (FEM) for simulations of field events. After the FEM was built, it was validated and calibrated against laboratory experiments taken from the literature. Subsequently, the resulting FEM was used for simulation of key Canadian field events. Only thermal expansion of ice was simulated by the FEM with indirect accounting of the impact of water level fluctuations through the modelling of ice cover under lateral confinement. The influence of different factors on the simulated ice load was studied, namely, the influence (i) of selected material constants, (ii) of lateral confinement, (iii) of grain size and of delayed elastic creep, (iv) of variable or constant coefficient of thermal dilatation, (v) of ice type, (vi) of initial stresses as well as (vii) the influence of ice behaviour in tension. The advice and guidelines for the choice and implementation of a creep material model into commercial finite element software are also given. The thesis is based on studies conducted for two conference papers and one journal paper. The thesis includes introduction to the ice loads on dams, objectives of the project, literature reviews on governing ice loading processes, on material properties of two types of ice of frequent occurrence on a reservoir and on modelling of ice behaviour as well as field data presentation, model description, yet unpublished studies, conclusion and recommendations. The thesis discusses the linkage between laboratory experiments on ice and in situ measurements of reservoir ice loads on dams through the numerical modelling of field events. It documents the fact that delayed elastic creep has a limited effect on the resulting ice load for grain sizes of 3 mm – 20 mm, and its calculation can be omitted in approximate assessments of field ice loads for ice cover with these average grain sizes. It is also shown that variability of coefficient of thermal dilatation of ice with temperature is not important for the temperature range studied. The importance of initial conditions and ice behaviour in tension for the resulting ice load is also shown. The thesis emphasizes the importance of correct accounting of lateral confinement and ice type for ice load calculations. It is shown that when water level rises and the ice is confined laterally, if the reservoir consists primarily of columnar ice, the loads can be very substantial. As such, it is recommended that engineers pay particular attention to the possibility of having cold dry winters with little snow accumulations on an ice cover (favorable conditions for columnar ice formation) when choosing their design criteria.
Tchamba, Thiery Wilson. "Caractérisation numérique d'une jauge biaxiale dans un champ de glace." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28719/28719.pdf.
Full textQoreishi, Seyed Mehdi. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE BEHAVIOR OF ROCKFILL DAMS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND IMPOUNDMENT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29708/29708.pdf.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the field of numerical modeling of rockfill dams during construction and impoundment based on laboratory research and field instrumentation. Data is presented from monotonic triaxial compression tests, in both stress and strain-controlled conditions, on compacted assemblages of granite rock particles prepared in the laboratory using different initial dry densities and grain size distribution. A nonlinear elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive model is implemented into the commercial software, FLAC, to simulate the behavior of the rock particles during the tests. The new implemented model is the traditional hyperbolic model coupled with the Mohr-Coulomb plastic failure criteria, and with a non-associated flow rule to consider shear dilatancy. The Nobari-Duncan stress relaxation technique with modified procedures and algorithms is also implemented in FLAC to reproduce the collapse deformations due to wetting. Using nine parameters, the model is successful to capture the observed behavior in the triaxial tests and to characterize the assemblage of rock particles. The effects of time and saturation are also discussed in detail. Finally, the model is used to simulate the construction and impoundment stages of LG4 rockfill dam in Quebec, Canada. The results of the modeling of both stages are compared with the instrumentation data and previous efforts of the modeling of this dam and the advantages of the new model are discussed.
Beaulieu, Patrice. "Modélisation par éléments finis du comportement thermomécanique des couverts de glace des réservoirs hydrauliques retenus par des barrages." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28144/28144.pdf.
Full textYaseri, Alireza. "Analysis of earth dam-flexible canyon interaction by 3D hybrid FEM-SBFEM." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70281.
Full textThe canyon surrounding a dam can be assumed as an unbounded domain, and the geometry and flexibility of a canyon are parameters that greatly affect the values of natural periods in earth dams. In this thesis, in order to take into account these two effects, canyons are modeled by SBFEM, and earth dams, which have limited geometries, are modeled by FEM. The hybrid FEM-SBFEM technique used for the dynamic three-dimensional analysis of soil-earth dam interactions is validated with results available in the literature. Because the dynamic-stiffness matrix of the unbounded domain is complex and frequency-dependent, the classical mode-superposition method is not straightforward for a soil-structure interaction system, and thus, to obtain their fundamental natural frequencies, the modeled dams were excited in the upstream-downstream direction. The natural periods of earth dams in canyons with different geometries shapes and impedance ratios are obtained, and are found to have significant effects on the dams’ natural periods. The results are compared with actual recorded data, and it is found that the graphs put forward in this study may be used by practical engineers for the estimation of natural periods of earth dams in canyons with different shapes and material properties. Several amplification functions corresponding to different canyon conditions are obtained by applying a uniform displacement at the canyons’ boundaries. A comprehensive study is performed to examine the effects of canyon geometry and flexibility on the steady-state responses of the dams, and it is found that these two effects significantly influence the amplification functions. While the flexibility of the canyon does affect the maximum amplification function value, this value does not change for earth dams in canyons that have different shapes but the same length. In addition, the lateral responses of earth dams in the time domain are computed in order to analyze the aforementioned effects under an actual earthquake. The proposed amplification functions are used to compare the recorded response spectra of the El Infiernillo dam under the two 1966 earthquakes with the calculated amplification function, and a reasonable agreement is observed between them. The equivalent linear method (EQL) is implemented into the FEM, and the FEM-SBFEM technique is extended in order to take into consideration the effect of earth dams’ nonlinear behavior. It is observed that such nonlinear behavior greatly affects the natural frequency, the amplification function, and peak crest acceleration of earth dams located in canyons. The effects of canyon geometry and flexibility on the nonlinear behavior are examined, and it is found that by increasing canyon flexibility, the effect of nonlinearity is decreased. The El Infiernillo dam is modeled by the 3D nonlinear FEM-SBFEM, and comparison of the crest amplification function obtained by the proposed method with the recorded data shows the accuracy of the nonlinear FEM-SBFEM.
Silvani, Claire. "Une modélisation discrète du comportement mécanique des enrochements." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172321.
Full textLa prévision de ces tassements est donc particulièrement importante pour s'assurer de l'intégrité structurelle de l'ouvrage à long terme.
Le comportement des matériaux granulaires étant fortement lié à la nature discrète du milieu, un modèle discret est proposé afin de prendre en compte les particularités des enrochements avec des paramètres locaux au sens physique clairs. Les phénomènes de rupture sont les principales caractéristiques des enrochements. La démarche retenue dans ce travail s'est attachée à développer un modèle numérique discret capable de prendre en compte la fissuration progressive et différée des blocs rocheux. Chaque bloc est représenté par un assemblage de particules, initialement liées par une cohésion qui peut diminuer progressivement au cours du chargement. Un modèle d'endommagement interfacial est proposé pour décrire cette décroissance progressive au cours du temps. Le modèle comporte deux surfaces seuil (endommagement et de rupture). Un temps caractéristique d'endommagement règle la vitesse d'endommagement. L'effet de l'eau est introduit par couplage avec les paramètres du modèle de cohésion, par la diminution des forces de pesanteur et du coefficient de frottement local. La modélisation adoptée est de type « Non Smooth Contact Dynamics », où les grains et particules sont supposés rigides. Le modèle est implémenté sur la plateforme logicielle LMGC90.
Des simulations numériques à l'échelle des contacts, à l'échelle du bloc et à l'échelle de l'enrochement sont effectuées. Des premières simulations consistent à simuler un ensemble de blocs rocheux incassables placés dans une colonne d'enrochements progressivement remplie en eau. Les simulations révèlent que la prise en compte du déjaugeage et d'une diminution réaliste du coefficient de frottement local ne génèrent que des déplacements faibles dans le milieu. Ces simulations permettent de vérifier que le phénomène essentiel à l'origine des tassements dans un barrage en enrochement est lié à la rupture des blocs rocheux.
Des simulations de compression de blocs cassables (constitués de particules) et de compression œdométrique d'un ensemble de ces blocs sont réalisées. Les essais montrent que le temps caractéristique d'endommagement permet de mettre à l'échelle le comportement du matériau. Les résultats indiquent que l'histoire des évènements de rupture et des déformations sont bien corrélées. Les simulations numériques d'essais de compression œdométrique d'enrochements modèles de barrage mettent en évidence des réponses assimilables au fluage ou à la relaxation. Ces essais reproduisent les phénomènes de base avec très peu de paramètres.
He, Ji. "Modèle numérique équivalent pour les propriétés hydro-mécaniques des roches fracturées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10038/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the use of the "Numerical Test System" for the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rock masses. The thesis is composed of 7 chapters. The first chapter describes the objective of the thesis and briefly presents the previous studies conducted on fractured rock masses, with a particular focus on the Composite Element Method as weil as the estimation of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rocks. The second chapter presents the tools used in the thesis development, namely the finite element method, the composite element method, the coupling theory, the artificial neural network and the Monte Carlo Method. The third chapter presents the concept of the "Numerical Test System (NTS)" for determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties offractured rock. This method requires field data on dominating fractures. Chapters 4 and 5 present the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties and the relevant REYs neglecting the seepage/stress coupling. The 6th chapter presents the determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties considering seepage/stress coupling. This Chapter also establishes a stress/permeability database for describing the relationship between stresses and the equivalent hydraulic property. The last chapter describes a procedure based on a combination of the implicit and explicit approaches for the analysis of a grravity dam. The eqivalent properties of the implicit method are determined using the NTS
Zhang, Yu. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement mécanique d’une roche tendre." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10052/document.
Full textThe short term and long term mechanical behaviors of cataclastic sandstone are investigated in this dissertation. The studied material is cored from the fault zone in the dam foundation of a hydropower station in southwestern China. The emphasis is put on the long-term behavior of studied material. For this, conventional compression tests, multi-stage triaxial creep tests as well as the permeability measurements are performed. The mechanical behavior of studied rock is derived based on the experimental investigation. The mechanical responses of studied material are not only functions of the material properties, but are also related to applied stress. Based on the experimental investigation, a unified creep model is proposed to describe the instantaneous and time-dependent behavior of cataclastic sandstone. Main features observed in experiments are taken into account, in particular irreversible deformations, pressure dependency, volumetric transition between compaction and dilatancy and creep. The performance of the model is examined by comparing numerical simulations with test data in representative load paths. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the long term stability of a foundation of hydropower station
Cecchi, Philippe. "Phytoplancton et conditions de milieu dans l'estuaire du fleuve Sénégal : effets du barrage de Diama." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20147.
Full textXue, Luanluan. "Élément compo(s)ite pour un couplage écoulement/contrainte dans les roches fracturées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10039/document.
Full textThe thesis concerns analysis of the stress-seepage coupling in fractured rock mass and its application on dams. The thesis is composed of 5 chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review on researches conducted on fractured rock mass and on seepagestress coupling in fractured rock with a particular focus on numerical modeling. The second chapter concerns the formulation of the composite element method for fractured rock mass. It presents the composite element method for stress and seepage problems. The third chapter concerns the formulation of the composite element for fractured rock mass considering seepage- stress coupling. After the mathematical formulation, it presents the numerical implementation of the composite element and its performances under both normal and shearing stress states. The 4th chapter presents analysis of the seepage-stress coupling for fractured rock mass with drainage holes. The numerical model is validated by its comparison to the convention al finite element method. The last chapter presents the use ofthe composite element for the analysis of the Xiaowan arch dam with complex fractured rock mass. The later contains three sets of fractures and drainage holes. This example shows the advantage and performances of the composite element for the analysis of complex projects
Skoulikaris, Charalampos. "Modélisation appliquée à la gestion durable des projets de ressources en eau à l'échelle d'un bassin hydrographique : le cas du Mesta-Nestos." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004775.
Full textKourdey, Alaa. "Une approche mixte (numérique/équilibre limite) pour le calcul de stabilité des ouvrages en terre : développement et application aux barrages et talus miniers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL044N.
Full textFakhfakh, Ismail. "Modeling and diagnosis of dynamic process from timed observations : application to hydraulic dam." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4363/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a diagnosis approach of dynamic process based on the Timed Observation Theory, a mathematical framework for modeling and reasoning about dynamic process from timed data. The contributions of this works are i) an extension of the TOM4D (Timed Observation Modeling for Diagnosis) Knowledge Engineering methodology to networks of dynamic processes, ii) a real-time and any-time diagnosis algorithm called TOM4E (Timed Observation Management for Explanation) that uses the TOM4D models to diagnose behaviors in a network of dynamic processes and iii) the application of TOM4D and TOM4E to the diagnosis of the French Sapin's hydraulic dam, a particularly difficult real-world diagnosis problem. TOM4D is a is a primarily syntax-driven approach of Multi-Model Based Diagnosis where semantic content is introduced in a gradual and controlled way through the combination of the CommonKADS conceptual approach and the Tetrahedron of States of Newton's physical laws.TOM4E algorithm is based on the Detect, Describe and Explain functions which uses observation models translated from the TOM4D behavioral models. For simplicity reasons, the presentation of TOM4D and TOM4E is made with a unique didactic example provided from the literature of the diagnosis domain. The example of Sapin's dam makes the demonstration of the interest of the proposed approach: using them, the first Sapin's dam problem would have been identified eight years before its quasi-failure, and the presence of water being highlighted seven years before
Monthe, Luc Arthur. "Etude des équations aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques application aux équations de Saint-Venant." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES074.
Full textPereira, Alice. "Contribution à l'étude de la qualité des eaux des retenues amazoniennes : application de la modélisation mathématique à la retenue de Tucurui (Brésil)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569488.
Full textBargui, Henda. "Modélisation des comportements mécaniques et hydrauliques de massifs rocheux simulés par des assemblages de blocs rigides : Introduction d'un couplage hydro-mécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529406.
Full textShi, Yu-E. "Résolution numérique des équations de Saint-Venant par la technique de projection en utilisant une méthode des volumes finis dans un maillage non structuré." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130539.
Full textChalayer, Rénald. "Méthodes de projection pour des écoulements à seuil, incompressibles et à densité variable." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC089.
Full textThis thesis deal with the use of projection methods for incompressible viscoplastic flows with a variable density. This manuscript is organized following three main lines. The first part is devoted to the mathematical model, the time-discretization of the model and the analysis of the numerical scheme. To construct the numerical scheme, on one side we adapt a time-stepping method already used for newtonian flows to viscoplastic flows and on the other side, we use a projection formulation of the stress tensor to solve the coupling between the velocity and the plastic part of the stress tensor in the momentum equation with an Uzawa-like method. Stability and error analysis of the numerical scheme are provided and a first-order estimate of the time error is derived for the velocity field, the density, the viscosity and the yield stress. The second part is devoted to the space discretization and the implementation of the scheme. A second-order cell-centred finite volume scheme on staggered grids is applied for the spatial discretization. The implementation of the numerical scheme has been performed using a Fortran 90 code and using the PetsC and MPI library The last part of the manuscript is devoted to numerical simulations. In the Rayleigh-Taylor instability configuration, we perform simulations by varying the yield stress, and describing the evolution of the interface and the localization of the rigid zones. In the dambreak configuration, we use Stick-Slip boundary conditions and we compare our results to the existing literature