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1
WHYTE, IAN. "‘Wild, Barren and Frightful’ – Parliamentary Enclosure in an Upland County: Westmorland 1767–1890." Rural History 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2003): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303000025.
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While there has been some research on the parliamentary enclosure of upland waste in England and Wales during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this topic still receives little attention in some recent accounts of parliamentary enclosure. Many aspects of the processes involved, and their impact on the landscape, are also poorly understood. Much research has proceeded either at a very general level or on the basis of detailed individual case studies. This paper adopts an intermediate scale, focusing on the old county of Westmorland to examine the geographical and chronological patterns of enclosure before looking more closely at some of the problems involved in creating a new landscape.
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Hernández-Filiberto, Lorena, Encarnación Roda-Robles, William B. Simmons, and Karen L. Webber. "Garnet as Indicator of Pegmatite Evolution: The Case Study of Pegmatites from the Oxford Pegmatite Field (Maine, USA)." Minerals 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080802.
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Almandine-spessartine garnets, from the Oxford County pegmatites and the Palermo No. 1 pegmatite, record significant compositional variations according to the degree of evolution of their hosting rock. Garnets from the most fractionated pegmatites (Mt. Mica, Berry-Havey, and Emmons) show the highest Mn, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf values, followed by those from the intermediate grade pegmatites (Palermo No. 1) and, finally, garnets from the barren pegmatites show the lowest values (Perham and Stop-35). Iron, Ca, and Mg contents follow an inverse order, with the highest contents in the latter pegmatites. Major element zoning shows increasing Mn values from core to rim in most garnet samples, while trace element zoning is not systematic except for some crystals which show a core to rim depletion for most of these elements. Chondrite normalized HREE (Heavy Rare Earth Elements) spectra show positive slopes for garnets from barren pegmatites, both positive and negative slopes for those associated with the intermediate pegmatite, and negative or flat slopes in garnets from the highly fractionated pegmatites. Ion exchange mechanisms, including Fe2+−1Mn2+1, (Fe2+, Mn2+)−1Si−1Li1P1; and, (Y, Ho3+)2(vac)1(Fe2+, Mn2+)−3, could explain most of the compositional variations observed in these garnets. These compositional variations are the reflection of the composition of the pegmatitic magma (barren pegmatites originate from a more ferromagnesian magma than fractionated pegmatites); and of the coexisting mineral phases competing with garnets to host certain chemical elements, such as biotite, schorl, plagioclase, apatite, Fe-Mn phosphates, Nb-Ta oxides, zircon, xenotime, and monazite.
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Wu, Yifan, Weilun Feng, and Yang Zhou. "Practice of barren hilly land consolidation and its impact: A typical case study from Fuping County, Hebei Province of China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 29, no. 5 (April 17, 2019): 762–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11442-019-1626-x.
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Pomper, Kirk W., Jeremiah D. Lowe, Sheri B. Crabtree, Jacob Vincent, Andrew Berry, Clifford England, and Krit Raemakers. "Ploidy Level in American Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Cultivars." HortScience 55, no. 1 (January 2020): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14274-19.
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The American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) is a slow-growing, moderately sized tree fruit native to the forests of Kentucky. This tree fruit is in the early stages of commercial production with many cultivars selected from the wild. Small orchards of commercially available cultivars are planted in Kentucky. Persimmons are normally dioecious, and female trees require cross-pollination to produce fruit. There are two races of persimmon: the tetraploid (60-chromosome) race is centered in the southern Appalachian region, while the hexaploid (90-chromosome) race generally occupies a range north and west of the tetraploid range. These ranges overlap in Kentucky. Because the ranges overlap, cross-pollination may cause sexual incompatibility, resulting in pollination without fertilization, and therefore seedless fruits of poor quality. The objective of this study was to assess the ploidy level of commercially available American persimmon cultivars and native Kentucky persimmon populations. Leaf samples were collected from 45 cultivars and advanced selections, as well as 45 trees from native populations in Bullitt, Barren, and Franklin Counties. Flow cytometer analysis showed that only four of the selected cultivars were from the tetraploid race: Ennis Seedless, Weeping, Sugar Bear, and SFES; the remaining cultivars were from the hexaploid race. Both hexaploid and tetraploid American persimmon trees were identified in the populations sampled in the Bullitt County locations, but only tetraploid races were found in Franklin and Barren Counties. Because pollen from native trees could result in seedless fruit formation of poor quality when native seedlings are used as pollinizers in commercial production of American persimmon, ploidy level of seedlings needs to be considered.
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Yue, Dong Xia, Jia Jing Zhang, Jian Jun Guo, Jun Du, Jin Hui Ma, and Xing Min Meng. "An Analysis of Sustainable Development Based on a Comparison of the Pre- and Post-Disaster Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint in Zhouqu County,China." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.663.
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Zhouqu County is not only an impoverished area but also a poor environment region. Frequent occurrence of geological disasters in Zhouqu, which largely determines the quality of ecological environment, affects the regional sustainable development. In this paper, on a case study of Chengguan Town of Zhouqu, two TM images acquired in pre- (2008)and post-disaster(2010) were selected to conduct the research, using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis techniques. The state of the ecological environment and sustainable development of the region were evaluated by using the ecological footprint methodology. The results show: Firstly, the biocapacity of built-up area and cropland are reduced by 318.50gha and 82.78gha after debris flow disaster respectively, followed by forest land, grazing ground, fishing ground and barren ground, which has played a serious impediment in economic development; Secondly, the ecological deficit reaches to -0.9245gha/per-cap before disaster, however, it reduces to -1.0691gha/per-cap after disaster. This indicates that Chengguan Town is not sustainable development, after sudden disaster, the situation of unsustainable development becomes more serious; Thirdly, it is found that debris flow and landslides are mainly not only in forest land and cropland, also areas containing many people and buildings, which shows geological disasters has played a significant impact on the socio-economic development. Finally, this article provides scientific references for the restoring of ecological environment as well as scientific disaster relief after the debris flow disaster. Therefore, strengthening management and mitigation techniques of disaster is benefit to humans and socio-economic sustainable development.
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Silva, Richarde Marques da, Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos, Karinna Ugulino de Araújo Maranhão, Alexandro Medeiros Silva, and Valéria Raquel Porto de Lima. "Geospatial assessment of eco-environmental changes in desertification area of the Brazilian semi-arid region." Earth Sciences Research Journal 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n3.69904.
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Eco-environmental change prediction models are important decision tools for policy makers as they help to quantify environmental sensitivity and understand the relationship between human activities and environmental quality. Thus, this paper aims to analyze eco-environmental changes in Monteiro County, a semi-arid zone within northeastern Brazil. This study used means of satellite images, geographic information system and global position system techniques, topographic map, climatic data and soil maps, as well as field survey data. The result outputs were evaluated on their ability to accurately predict the most sensitive and least sensitive areas. The results showed that land cover changes have modified the environment in general, and two prominent environmental degradation processes were identified: land degradation, and low soil loss. The mean soil loss increased from 0.09 t ha−¹ yr−¹ in 1987 to 0.18 t ha−¹ yr−¹ in 2010, as an effect of vegetation gain and particularly the conversion of thousands of square kilometers of Tropophile forest middle slope and barren land into Tropophile forest plain and Tropophile forest high strand. Thus, this study provides insight on territorial ordering and management of environmental services with a regional perspective.
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Fanning, D. S., Cary Coppock, Z. W. Orndorff, W. L. Daniels, and M. C. Rabenhorst. "Upland active acid sulfate soils from construction of new Stafford County, Virginia, USA, Airport." Soil Research 42, no. 6 (2004): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03085.
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This paper reports on a situation where severe active acid sulfate soils were brought into existence by the construction of a new (opened in 2002) airport in Stafford County, VA, approximately 60 km south-west of Washington, DC. About 290 ha of new land surface was brought into existence that consisted of both scalped land surfaces on steep slopes, and spoil (fill), some of which was graded to provide level land surfaces for paved runways. Over 150 ha of ultra acidic (pH <3.5 at soil surface) post-construction acid sulfate soils remained barren for over 2 years before the acid sulfate soil situation was properly recognised. Construction took place in an originally dissected landscape with about 30 m of local relief. The construction was designed to balance the cut and fill areas so that soil materials would not need to be taken from the area or brought to it from other locations. This resulted in some deep cuts (scalped surfaces) in the higher parts of the landscapes, which retained slopes of about 25%. Great difficulty was encountered in establishing vegetation on these surfaces. The exposed sulfidic materials were dense, commonly on steep slopes, and developed low pHs, some <pH 2, after exposure. After a dry period in the autumn of 2001, sulfuric horizons crusted over with bitter hydrated sulfate salt minerals had formed in the surface of sulfidic materials originally exposed in 1999. By X-ray diffraction, halotrychite, Fe2+Al2(SO4)4.22H2O, was identified as a main white salt mineral and copiapite group minerals, e.g. Al2/3Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O for aluminocopiapite, were identified as a yellow salt minerals. Information about, and photographs of, the site, soils, and drainage waters are presented, including examples of deleterious environmental impacts. Intensive reclamation/revegetation measures were initiated in 2002. These involved the application of high rates of lime stabilised biosolids (sewage sludge) incorporated to a depth of about 0.15 m to neutralise acidity and add organic matter and nutrients to the soils. These measures permitted the establishment of acid- and salt-tolerant grasses on the acid sulfate soils and caused dramatic increases in pH and drops in Fe and Al levels in stream waters leaving the site. However, they also caused initial large increases in ammonia/ammonium-N in the waters and subsequent increases in NO3-N in the waters. Experience with this and other similar sites demonstrates the need for engineers involved with earth-moving construction activities to be educated in the principles of acid sulfate soils so that the number of such disturbances that result in the creation of active acid sulfate soils can be lessened or, preferably, eliminated. Plans for recognition and reclamation of acid sulfate soil situations should be built into the construction plans and designs when it is necessary to disturb sulfidic materials.
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Na-Yemeh, Dolly, Rezaul Mahmood, Gregory Goodrich, Keri Younger, Kevin Cary, and Joshua Durkee. "Growing Season Air mass Equivalent Temperature (TE) in the East Central USA." Climate 8, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8090095.
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Equivalent temperature (TE), which incorporates both dry (surface air temperature, T) and moist heat content associated with atmospheric moisture, is a better indicator of overall atmospheric heat content compared to T alone. This paper investigates the impacts of different types of air masses on TE during the growing season (April–September). The study used data from the Kentucky Mesonet for this purpose. The growing season was divided into early (April–May), mid (June–July), and late (August–September). Analysis suggests that TE for moist tropical (MT) air mass was as high as 61 and 81 °C for the early and mid-growing season, respectively. Further analysis suggests that TE for different parts of the growing seasons were statistically significantly different from each other. In addition, TE for different air masses was also statistically significantly different from each other. The difference between TE and T (i.e. TE-T) is smaller under dry atmospheric conditions but larger under moist conditions. For example, in Barren County, the lowest difference (20–10 °C) was 10 °C. It was reported on 18 April 2010, a dry weather day. On the other hand, the highest difference for this site was 48 °C and was reported on 11 August 2010, a humid day.
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Tunnell, John W., Beau Hardegree, and David W. Hicks. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND RECOVERY OF A HIGH MARSH PIPELINE OIL SPILL AND BURN SITE, UPPER COPANO BAY, TEXAS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-133.
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ABSTRACT On January 7, 1992, a rupture in an underground oil transfer pipeline resulted in a spill of about 2,950 bbl (469 m3) of crude oil into a high marsh community near Chiltipin Creek, San Patricio County, Texas. Authorization for burning the oil, as a cleanup method, was given by the Texas General Land Office (the designated state on-scene coordinator). The environmental impact of the spill and ensuing burn on this high marsh has been assessed by monitoring changes in the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the associated floral community and soil over time. Ultimately 6.5 ha of oil and vegetation of the 15.5 ha surrounded by sorbent booms were burned, causing them to become barren. These bare patches produced by the burn were rapidly colonized by grasses, mainly Distichlis spicata. Secondary succession by perennial climax species is slow, resulting in significantly lower species diversity and biomass in the oiled and burned area even after 30 months. Significant changes within, and interactions between, impacted and control areas were determined using repeated measures MANOVA. TPH measurements made in December 1992 and repeated in July 1993 show consistent decreases. The obvious disadvantages of burning as a cleanup method in this high marsh area are the substantial initial damage to plants and the high residual hydrocarbon levels in the sediment.
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Squires, Richard L., and Michael P. Gring. "Late Eocene chemosynthetic? bivalves from suspect cold seeps, Wagonwheel Mountain, central California." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 1 (January 1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023118.
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An anomalous pair of small, isolated calcareous sandstone bodies in the middle member of the upper Eocene Wagonwheel Formation, Wagonwheel Mountain, of the San Joaquin Valley, California, contain numerous articulated specimens of soft-bottom-dwelling bivalves. The lucinid bivalve Epilucina washingtoniana (Clark, 1925) dominates the fauna, which also sparingly contains the thyasirid bivalve Conchocele bisecta (Conrad, 1849) and the vesicomyid bivalve Vesicomya (Vesicomya) aff. V. (V.) tschudi Olsson, 1931.The fossils in the pair of calcareous sandstone bodies, which are surrounded by deep-water silty mudstone barren of megafossils, most likely represent cold-seep communities in the upper bathyal environment. These cold seeps apparently were formed by diffusive flow through coarse sand-fill material in submarine channels.Epilucina washingtoniana was previously known only from upper Eocene rocks on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, and in Santa Barbara County, southern California. This species, along with a late Eocene species from Colombia, South America, are the earliest representatives of Epilucina. The Wagonwheel Formation contains one of the earliest records of Conchocele bisecta, which is a widespread Cenozoic fossil and is extant in the north Pacific. The species of Vesicomya in the Wagonwheel Formation is the earliest record of Vesicomya s.s. and has close affinity to Vescicomya (Vesicomya) tschudi Olsson, 1931, from the upper Oligocene of northwestern Peru, South America. As in the case of Conchocele bisecta, Vesicomya s.s. has not been reported previously from the Eocene of California.
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Karrow, P. F., T. F. Morris, J. H. McAndrews, A. V. Morgan, A. J. Smith, and I. R. Walker. "A diverse late-glacial (Mackinaw Phase) biota from Leamington, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-116.
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A sand pit at Leamington, Ontario, in southeastern Essex County in the southernmost part of Canada, has yielded many taxa of fossil animals and plants that are dated over 13 000 BP. The fossils are of both terrestrial and freshwater origin, and comprise a surprisingly diverse but coherent assemblage of molluscs, ostracodes, Chironomidae, Coleoptera, Turbellaria, Trichoptera, and a few fish bone fragments. This is the oldest known postglacial occurrence in Ontario for all animal groups. Paleoenvironments indicated by the taxa range from boreal forest to tundra; taxa are an in situ assemblage with little transport or reworking. Although this site has yielded the richest fossil record of this age yet found in Ontario, previous finds at a few sites on the north edge of the eastern Erie basin and in the southern Huron basin indicate plants were well established in southwestern Ontario by the time of the Mackinaw Phase interstadial when lowered lake levels likely facilitated their arrival from land areas to the south. This discovery greatly improves the prospects of finding fossils of this age even though the known record is still extremely limited. The site represents fortuitous preservation and discovery, and amply demonstrates that glacial lakes of this time, when much of the last ice sheet was still in existence, were far from barren of life and that the migration of biota into the area was quite rapid during ice retreat.
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Kovács, Lóránt. "A historical survey of the Corunca Castle, Romania, based on the military survey maps and present-day measurements." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2015-0011.
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Abstract Corunca is situated at 4.5 km SE from Târgu-Mureș, near the Salt Stream, the Bozeni Stream, and the Vațman Stream. Its area is inhabited from ancient times. Both prehistoric and Roman findings were reported to have been found within the village boundaries. Its neighbouring medieval village, Sárvári, perished in the 16th century, while Kisernye was devastated by Turkish troops in 1661. The settlement was first recorded in 1332 as Korunka. The Reformed Church was built between 1769 and 1778, while its spire dates from 1793. The earlier church was surrended by high protective walls, which were demolished in 1769. The extremely ruinous castle with its neoclassical façade and a couple of neighbouring farm buildings appear on the left side of the European route E60 travelling from Târgu-Mureș to Sighișoara. Today, this is a barren place, although once it was surrounded by a grove the size of 120 cadastral acres [2]. During the reign of John Sigismund Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania and ruler of a part of the Kingdom of Hungary, the village belonged to Thomas Mihályfy. The castle was ravaged in 1562 by the revolted Szeklers. After the fall of the Mihályfy family, the Chancellor of Transylvania, Farkas Kovacsóczi owned the estate, which later came down to the Tholdalagi family. The Tholdalagi family belongs to one of the great magnate families of Transylvania, with nicknames deriving from Ercea and Iclod, but originating from Toldal, Mureș County, Romania – their ancient demesne from the 16th century. Mihály I. Tholdalagi (1580–1673), one of the wisest diplomats in the Principality, reshaped the original building to an impressive castle in the 1630s, whose size and adjoining buildings are described in the Inventory dating from 1680. The first members of the Tholdalagi family came to Transylvania from Hungary. According to the family traditions, and also mentioned in their Certificate of Count, their ancestor is the extinguished Alaghi family member, András, who obtained Toldalag settlement together with its neighbouring Ercse in 1453; hence the nickname “Ercsei”. Thus, Mihály Tholdalagi’s parents were Balázs from Gáldtő and Borbála Bessenyei [1].
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Harris, Elisha B., and Nan Crystal Arens. "A mid-Cretaceous angiosperm-dominated macroflora from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, USA." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 4 (July 2016): 640–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.44.
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AbstractAngiosperms first appeared in the fossil record as pollen during the Valanginian–Hauterivian; they spread out of the tropics in the Aptian and Albian, and radiated in the Late Cretaceous. Despite these general patterns, details of the taxonomic, geographic, and ecological evolution of Cretaceous angiosperms are relatively poorly known because only a handful of Early and mid-Cretaceous macrofloras have been reported. This is the first detailed report of a fossil leaf flora from the Cedar Mountain Formation from the mid-Cretaceous of the Western Interior. We describe a flora that is overwhelmingly dominated by angiosperms (152 of 153 identified specimens are angiosperms) from the Albian–Cenomanian transition that is preserved in a clay- and carbonate-rich, lacustrine mudstone from the uppermost Cedar Mountain Formation of Emery County, Utah. We recognize 18 leaf morphotypes, all of which are dicotyledonous angiosperms. The majority of the Cedar Mountain morphotypes have taxonomic affinities with forms of similar age described from the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains and other localities from the Western Interior. From this, we infer that a relatively diverse angiosperm flora grew along the margins of a small pond on the coastal plain. Palynological preparations of the fossil matrix were barren; however, previous studies of other facies within the formation showed that both conifers and ferns were important components of the regional vegetation during Cedar Mountain time. The effective absence of conifers and ferns in this macroflora and low leaf mass per area values among the angiosperms measured suggests that even at the Early–Late Cretaceous transition, angiosperms had come to dominate some sites, particularly those that were disturbed or seasonally ephemeral, where fast-growth or seasonal deciduousness would have been favored.
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Kontak, D. J., and A. K. Chatterjee. "The East Kemptville tin deposit, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia: a Pb-isotope study of the leucogranite and mineralized greisens—evidence for a 366 Ma metallogenic event." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-095.
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Pb isotopic data for whole-rock leucogranite and mineral separates, variably mineralized greisen, and galena from the East Kemptville Sn(–Cu–Zn–Ag) deposit, Yarmouth County, southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, are presented. In contrast with ca. 300–340 Ma ages (40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr) previously published, an age of 366 Ma is indicated from (i) a 207Pb/206Pb slope age for whole-rock samples (leucogranite and greisen) and galena; (ii) 207Pb/206Pb slope age for leachate analyses of whole-rock and mineral separates (muscovite, K-feldspar) for a leucogranite sample (EK-161); (iii) 207Pb/206Pb slope age for all samples (leucogranite, greisen, galena) combined; and (iv) a concordia plot for 12 whole-rock samples of leucogranite and greisen. The best estimate for the time of magmatic and hydrothermal events at East Kemptville, derived by using the entire Pb–Pb data set for both mineralized and barren samples, is 366 ± 4 Ma (2σ, N = 34, mean square of weighted deviates (MSWD) = 2.63), comparable to the concordia age of 367 ± 10 Ma (2σ, N = 10, MSWD = 4.62). Isochron plots for the U–Th–Pb data may suggest mild overprinting at ca. 300 Ma, but the data are not as conclusive as results from previous Rb/Sr and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological studies.Leachate analyses of mineral separates indicate that less radiogenic compositions are obtained with each progressive leach; however, initial lead compositions are not provided by the analyses for the residues of either K-feldspar or muscovite separates. This suggests, possibly, that these minerals have reequilibrated (i.e., exchanged lead) during the subsolidus stage with fluids enriched in radiogenic Pb. Instead, the best estimate of the initial lead compositon at East Kemptville (207Pb/204Pb = 15.601, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.141) is provided by the intersection of the 366 Ma Pb–Pb regression line for a leucogranite sample (EK-161) with a second-stage growth curve having μ = 9.75; this value is less radiogenic than the average measured isotopic composition of galena (207Pb/204Pb = 15.629 ± 0.004, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.627 ± 0.005, N = 4). The calculated μ value (9.75) for the source is consistent with an evolved upper crustal reservoir. Using the calculated initial Pb composition, it is calculated that 3–5 Ma would be required to generate the measured Pb isotopic composition of the galena assuming μ values of 980 and 590, respectively. The measured day average μ value for the leucogranite and greisen is 674 (N = 12, 1σ), which is consistent with the aforementioned calculations.The coincidence of independently derived ages for both leucogranite and mineralized greisens indicates that the host muscovite–topaz leucogranite and mineralizing fluids had a common magmatic reservoir, a conclusion supported by δ18O analyses for whole-rock leucogranite (8.2–10.5‰) and greisen (7.9–10.9‰) and previously published δ34S data. The data also indicate that magmatic and hydrothermal processes at East Kemptville are coeval with emplacement of the adjacent Davis Lake pluton. In addition, the results reaffirm the 365–370 Ma period to be a significant time for Sn(–W–Mo) metallogeny within the Meguma Zone of the Canadian Appalachians.
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Bak, P. "Guillain-Barre syndrome in a Danish county." Neurology 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.35.2.207.
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Eger, Charles K., Wen-Jei Fang, Jon Maybriar, and Keith Sims. "IMPLEMENTATION OF FIELD TECHNIQUES TO STABILIZE ABANDONED OIL WELLS—BOYD'S CREEK, KENTUCKY1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-83.
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ABSTRACT Boyd's Creek, situated in Barren County, is recognized as the birthplace of the oil industry in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Naturally occurring oil seeps were identified as early as the 1820s. Commercial crude-oil drilling production began in the early 1860s.3 From the early days to present, countless unrecorded exploration wells were drilled and many of these wells have been found to be improperly abandoned. The Corniferous limestone is the first oil producing interval and is situated at an average subsurface depth of 135 feet. The potential for impacting natural resources is high because of the shallow depth(s) of the Corniferous limestone and the presence of overlying artesian sulfur-water zones which routinely mix with brine and oil in uncased boreholes. The occurrence of limestone related (karstic) features, such as fractures and dissolution cavities, and the close proximity of the Boyd's Creek oil field to nearby surface streams are also of concern. Initially, two abandoned wells were identified as flowing into nearby streams. Pursuant to federal removal authority provided by Subsection (c) of Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in accordance with Subtitle ? of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the National Contingency Plan, the Environmental Protection Agency has initiated cleanup operations within properties nearest to Boyd's Creek. Most wells are difficult to identify because they lack any casing strings and/or they have been buried with soil to hide uncontrolled flows at the surface. Field operations have included the utilization of multiple geophysical techniques to identify anomaly areas thought to represent buried unplugged wells. These include the excavation of surface soils down to the underlying limestone bedrock to search for cable tool and rotary boreholes, the drilling out of old wells using conventional industry technology and standards to plug them permanently with cement, the construction of temporary underflow dams downgradient from identified oil spills to minimize impacts on Boyd's Creek and its adjoining tributaries, and the burning of spilled product in temporary holding pits to minimize associated cleanup cost. In undertaking these actions, the agency is eliminating potential sources of petroleum related contamination.
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Zopiatis, Anastasios, Antonis L. Theocharous, Petros C. Kosmas, Craig Webster, and Yioula Melanthiou. "Developing a Country-wide Tourist Loyalty Scheme: A Barren Landscape." International Journal of Tourism Research 18, no. 6 (April 28, 2016): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2075.
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Eastman, Joseph T., and Richard R. Eakin. "Fishes of the genus Artedidraco (Pisces, Artedidraconidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with the description of a new species and a colour morph." Antarctic Science 11, no. 1 (March 1999): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000036.
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Notothenioid fish of the artedidraconid genus Artedidraco are a little studied, component of the bottom fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf. Trawling in the south-western Ross Sea, especially in shallow areas with sponge beds, yielded a collection of 65 specimens of Artedidraco. These included all four species occurring in the Ross Sea as well as a new species. The new species Artedidraco glareobarbatus is described and illustrated. This species is most similar to A. orianae, but is distinguished by barbel morphology, by higher counts for dorsal rays and vertebrae, by lower counts for upper lateral-line scales and by colour pattern and visceral anatomy. A distinctive spotted colour morph of A. shackletoni is also documented and compared with the typical barred morph. Depth distribution and meristic variation among species of Artedidraco are summarized, and a taxonomic key to the six species is provided.
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Edgin, Bobby R., Roger Beadles, and John E. Ebinger. "Vascular Flora of Beadles Barrens Nature Preserve, Edwards County, Illinois." Castanea 70, no. 1 (March 2005): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475(2005)070[0047:vfobbn]2.0.co;2.
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Jungbluth, Karl A. "Barron County, Wisconsin, Multiple Tornadoes and Hailstorms of 11 September 1990." Weather and Forecasting 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0440:bcwmta>2.0.co;2.
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Kurczewski, Frank E., and Hugh F. Boyle. "HISTORICAL CHANGES IN THE PINE BARRENS OF CENTRAL SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK." Northeastern Naturalist 7, no. 2 (June 2000): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2000)007[0095:hcitpb]2.0.co;2.
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Kurczewski, Frank E., and Hugh F. Boyle. "Historical Changes in the Pine Barrens of Central Suffolk County, New York." Northeastern Naturalist 7, no. 2 (2000): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3858645.
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Kaplan, J. E., P. J. Poduska, G. C. McIntosh, R. S. Hopkins, S. W. Ferguson, and L. B. Schonberger. "Guillain-Barre syndrome in Larimer County, Colorado: A high-incidc, wce area." Neurology 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.35.4.581.
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Ahissar, Ehud, Ronen Sosnik, Knarik Bagdasarian, and Sebastian Haidarliu. "Temporal Frequency of Whisker Movement. II. Laminar Organization of Cortical Representations." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.354.
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Part of the information obtained by rodent whiskers is carried by the frequency of their movement. In the thalamus of anesthetized rats, the whisker frequency is represented by two different coding schemes: by amplitude and spike count (i.e., response amplitudes and spike counts decrease as a function of frequency) in the lemniscal thalamus and by latency and spike count (latencies increase and spike counts decrease as a function of frequency) in the paralemniscal thalamus (see accompanying paper). Here we investigated neuronal representations of the whisker frequency in the primary somatosensory (“barrel”) cortex of the anesthetized rat, which receives its input from both the lemniscal and paralemniscal thalamic nuclei. Single and multi-units were recorded from layers 2/3, 4 (barrels only), 5a, and 5b during vibrissal stimulation. Typically, the input frequency was represented by amplitude and spike count in the barrels of layer 4 and in layer 5b (the “lemniscal layers”) and by latency and spike count in layer 5a (the “paralemniscal layer”). Neurons of layer 2/3 displayed a mixture of the two coding schemes. When the pulse width of the stimulus was reduced from 50 to 20 ms, the latency coding in layers 5a and 2/3 was dramatically reduced, while the spike-count coding was not affected; in contrast, in layers 4 and 5b, the latencies remained constant, but the spike counts were reduced with 20-ms stimuli. The same effects were found in the paralemniscal and lemniscal thalamic nuclei, respectively (see accompanying paper). These results are consistent with the idea that thalamocortical loops of different pathways, although terminating within the same cortical columns, perform different computations in parallel. Furthermore, the mixture of coding schemes in layer 2/3 might reflect an integration of lemniscal and paralemniscal outputs.
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Naz, Sumaira, Salik N. Khan, and Muhammad N. Chaudhry. "EVALUATION OF SOILBORNE PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGAL COUNT IN VARIOUS LAND USE TYPES OF DISTRICT OKARA." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.01.0422.
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A field survey was conducted in district Okara to determine existing plant pathogenic fungal count in various land use types. The target sites were classified as orchard, barren land, fallow land, cultivated land and forest land use types. Field soil samples were collected from these land use types at different depths of 15, 30 and 45 cm respectively. Dilution of soil samples was made in sterilized distilled water and 1ml was poured on to the malt extract agar (MEA) medium in 90 mm diameter Petri plates incubated at 25±2°C for 5-7 days. Purified fungal colonies of Mucor spp., Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia spp., Rhizopus spp., and Helminthosporium spp. on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium were identified based on their morphological descriptions. These fungal counts were recovered from the soil at 30 cm depth which indicates an alarming situation for deep-rooted crops to soilborne fungal pathogens infestation in future.
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Thurlby, Malcolm. "The Romanesque Elevations of Tewkesbury and Pershore." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990057.
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The later medieval remodeling of the stylistically related abbey churches of Tewkesbury and Pershore has presented the architectural historian with the problem of ascertaining the nature of the original Romanesque design. One school of thought favors a four-story elevation for choir and transepts which would have entailed a wood roof; the other, while not agreeing on the number of stories, suggests the reconstruction of high barrel vaults. Detailed analysis of both fabrics in the context of West Country architecture after the Conquest and select French Romanesque structures will demonstrate the original existence of a three-story scheme with barrel vaults over the main spans.
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Pereira, Márcio Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e. Borges, Sebastião Martins Filho, Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias, and Paulo Emídio Soriano. "Physiological quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds during storage." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 1 (2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000100003.
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The physic nut has been considered as one of the oilseed plants species with the highest potential for biofuel production. Oleaginous seeds demand special care during storage to maintain their quality. This study aimed to establish the most adequate conditions for their storage. Freshly-harvested seeds were dried until 7.2 moisture content and stored along a year, under the following conditions: environmental laboratory and cold chamber ( ±5 ºC and 60% RH), into paper bag, polypropylene bag, and cardboard barrel. Physiological quality was then assessed by the tests: germination; first count; germination speed index; seedling length; accelerated aging; cold test; field emergence; and emergence speed index, after zero, three, six, nine, and 12 months. There was linear reduction of germination and vigor of the seeds after storage under environmental laboratory condition, into paper or polypropylene bags, and cardboard barrel. Physiological quality was higher after storage in cold chamber, into paper or polypropylene bags; and into cardboard barrel, at environmental laboratory condition.
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Schasberger, Michele G., Jessica Raczkowski, Lawrence Newman, and Michael F. Polgar. "Using a Bicycle–Pedestrian Count to Assess Active Living in Downtown Wilkes-Barre." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 43, no. 5 (November 2012): S399—S402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.029.
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Reyes-Puerta, Vicente, Yael Amitai, Jyh-Jang Sun, Itamar Shani, Heiko J. Luhmann, and Maoz Shamir. "Long-range intralaminar noise correlations in the barrel cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 9 (May 2015): 3410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00981.2014.
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Identifying the properties of correlations in the firing of neocortical neurons is central to our understanding of cortical information processing. It has been generally assumed, by virtue of the columnar organization of the neocortex, that the firing of neurons residing in a certain vertical domain is highly correlated. On the other hand, firing correlations between neurons steeply decline with horizontal distance. Technical difficulties in sampling neurons with sufficient spatial information have precluded the critical evaluation of these notions. We used 128-channel “silicon probes” to examine the spike-count noise correlations during spontaneous activity between multiple neurons with identified laminar position and over large horizontal distances in the anesthetized rat barrel cortex. Eigen decomposition of correlation coefficient matrices revealed that the laminar position of a neuron is a significant determinant of these correlations, such that the fluctuations of layer 5B/6 neurons are in opposite direction to those of layers 5A and 4. Moreover, we found that within each experiment, the distribution of horizontal, intralaminar spike-count correlation coefficients, up to a distance of ∼1.5 mm, is practically identical to the distribution of vertical correlations. Taken together, these data reveal that the neuron's laminar position crucially affects its role in cortical processing. Moreover, our analyses reveal that this laminar effect extends over several functional columns. We propose that within the cortex the influence of the horizontal elements exists in a dynamic balance with the influence of the vertical domain and this balance is modulated with brain states to shape the network's behavior.
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Lutz, Christine A. "Cabin in the Pines: Albert Music Hall and Constructions of a Pine Barrens Musical Tradition." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v2i2.47.
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<p>Albert Music Hall is an outpost of bluegrass, folk, and country music in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, offering hours of live music every Saturday night. It has formally been in existence since the 1970s under the auspices of the Pinelands Cultural Society, but it traces its roots back to the 1950s, when brothers Joe and George Albert started hosting informal musical gatherings at their Pines fox hunting cabin, known in the area as the “Homeplace.” What started as locals playing old-time and country music at a rustic cabin deep in the woods has evolved into a more formal venue that features musicians from around New Jersey and beyond. Albert Music Hall has persisted as an island of an older, more rural, and isolated Pines in an industrialized, urbanized state. Through an examination of the language, material culture, and music of the venue, this paper considers questions and constructions of authenticity in relation to notions of what a true Pine Barrens musical experience might be for Albert Music Hall audiences and musicians.<em> </em></p>
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Elliott, Ben, and Nicky Milner. "Making a Point: a Critical Review of the Barbed Point Manufacturing Process Practised at Star Carr." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000451.
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Star Carr, North Yorkshire, has the largest deposition of Mesolithic antler barbed points in the country; in fact it accounts for roughly 97% of all Early Mesolithic barbed points known in Britain. There has been much debate about whether barbed point manufacture occurred at the site or elsewhere within the landscape but the process of manufacturing has never been examined in great detail. This paper presents a new evaluation based on analysis of museum collections, recent excavations and experimental work and concludes that there is evidence to suggest that the full manufacturing process took place at Star Carr.
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Caldwell, John S., Sam Johnson, Michael LaChance, and Stephanie Stockton. "Threshold Monitoring, Trap Cropping, and Aluminum Mulch Repulsion for Management of Cucumber Beetles on Cucurbits." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 475d—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.475d.
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Three approaches to cucumber beetle [striped, Acalymma vittata (Fabricius)]; spotted, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber] management on cucurbits were tested on 11 farms in Virginia. Visual counts of striped cucumber beetles/five squash plants were similar in 1996 (2.6 ± 3.1, max 16) and 1997 (3.1 ± 3.8, max 18), but counts on adjacent yellow sticky traps were higher in 1996 (11.5 ± 14.5, max 66) than in 1997 (4.9 ± 4.1, max 16). Correlation between visual and card counts was stronger in 1996 (r = 0.66) than 1997 (r = 0.38). Regression indicated that a threshold of five beetles/five plants was equivalent to 16 beetles/trap in 1996, but only six beetles/trap in 1997. On two peak count dates in Aug. 1996, trap crop squash cultivar NK530 had 10 beetles/sticky card, significantly higher than the three to seven beetles/sticky card on `Seneca' and `Scallop'. Similar trends were seen in visual counts in these plots. In 1997, `NK530' also showed preferential beetle attraction over pumpkin cultivar Howden. On early squash in 1997, cucumber beetle counts on two June peak dates were higher on black plastic (40 and 23 beetles/trap) than on solid aluminum (eight and five beetles/trap) or black with aluminum strips (15 and 10 beetles/trap). Black plastic required 1.8 insecticidal applications compared to none for solid aluminum. There were no significant differences in cumulative yield, although yield at first picking was 38% less on aluminum. Premiums for lower pesticide use (25%) compare favorably with the $102/acre added expense for aluminum plastic.
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Tuya, F., L. Ortega-Borges, A. B. Del Rosario-Pinilla, and R. J. Haroun. "Spatio-temporal variability in a key herbivore, the long-spined black sea urchin (Diadema antillarum, Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the Canary Islands." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 4 (June 15, 2006): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406013713.
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Spatio-temporal variability in the population structure of long-spined black sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, was investigated at two islands (Gran Canaria and Tenerife) in the Canarian Archipelago over a year. The mean abundance of D. antillarum across all counts was 2.70±0.07 ind m−2 (mean±SE, N=1440), while the mean biomass was 105.76±3.75 g m−2 (mean±SE, N=1440). Abundances and biomasses of D. antillarum differed consistently between vegetated and unvegetated bottoms; however, locations within each habitat at each island fluctuated following different trends. For the overall study, mean densities and biomasses in the barren locations varied between 3.36–6.97 ind m−2 and 93.76–405.13 g m−2, respectively; while mean densities and biomasses in the algal stand locations varied between 0–0.33 ind m−2 and 0 – 7.34 g m−2, respectively. Striking differences existed in the size-structure among locations; however, larger size-classes (test diameter >3.5 cm) were present at all locations, and usually dominated in terms of abundance. The majority of individuals in the algal stands were large-sized, probably as a result of the high abundance of the most palatable food. In contrast, small-sized individuals (test diameter <1.5 cm) only occurred in the barren habitat, suggesting that recruitment of D. antillarum could be favoured by the presence of high densities of congeners, as a way to decrease the risk of predation.
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KOEDA, KEITA, and HSUAN-CHING HO. "Review of the genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) of Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species." Zootaxa 4702, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4702.1.14.
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The barbeled dragonfish genus Eustomias in Taiwan is reviewed. Five species in three subgenera are recognized, including three new species, a new record, and an unidentified species. Eustomias (Dinematochirus) dendrobium sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congener by its unique barbel structure. Eustomias (Haploclonus) stamen sp. nov. has a unique barbel structure and diagnostic meristic characters. Eustomias (Nominostomias) tritentaculatus sp. nov. has an extremely long barbel and distinct pigmentation, with fin ray counts that are different from most similar species. Eustomias (Nominostomias) perplexus Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon 1983, widespread in the western Pacific Ocean is reported for the first time from Taiwan. Three specimens of Eustomias were only identifiable to subgenus Haploclonus due to their poor condition.
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LI, XU, WEI ZHOU, and XING-JIN CHE. "Loaches of Vanmanenia (Cypriniformes: Gastromyzontidae) from Yunnan, China with Description of a New Species." Zootaxa 4603, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.6.
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After comparing specimens of Vanmanenia collected from the Lancang-jiang (the upper Mekong River), Yuan-jiang (the upper Red River), Lixian-jiang (first branch of the Red River), and Jinsha-jiang (the upper Yangtze River) drainages in Yunnan, China, we considered the specimens of Vanmanenia from Shunbi Township, Yangbi County, Yunnan (a branch of the Lancang-jiang drainage basin, the upper Mekong River) a new species, herein named V. microcephala sp. nov. Our investigation also suggested that V. striata should be restored as a valid species. On the basis of the systematic comparison of morphological characteristics of the genus Vanmanenia and based on the combination of the characteristics of the rostral fold, rostral barbels, the bars/marks on the flank, the rows of spots on the paired fins, and the markings on the caudal-fin base, the loaches of Vanmanenia should be divided into three groups: 1) the barred group, characterized by bars on the flank, 2), the cusped rostral fold group, characterized by the rostral fold lobes forming a cusp process, and 3) the barbeled rostral fold group, characterized by the rostral fold lobes specialized as secondary barbels. The barred group differs from congeners in Vanmanenia by the following combination of characters: three rostral lobes with a smooth and arcuate outer edge, a pattern of bars on the flank, and spotless paired fins. This group includes six species: V. crassicauda, V. microcephala sp. nov., V. serrilineata, V. striata, V. tetraloba, and Vanmanenia pseudostriata. The new species, V. microcephala, differs from the other species in the barred group by the following combination of characters: the lateral side of the body with 14–22 vermiculations with widths smaller than the diameter of the eye; the dorsal side of the head covered with a large black blotch; the gill opening smaller and its upper angle aligned with the lower edge of the eye; and the head smaller, head depth 45.2–47.1% head length. The characteristic evolutionary trends, origin, and taxonomic status of the barred group in the genus Vanmanenia are also discussed.
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Bazgir, E., A. Naghavi, and Z. Zolfaghari. "Description of Prionchulus girchi sp. nov. (Nematoda: Mononchina) with additional data on two known species of the genus Prionchulus from Lorestan province, Iran." Helminthologia 58, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0011.
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Summary Three species of mononchids belonging to the Prionchulus Cobb, 1916 genus, one new and two previously known species collected from natural ecosystem of Khorramabad county, Lorestan province, south west of Iran, are described. Prionchulus girchi sp. nov. is morphologically characterized by its 2.1 – 2.2 mm body length, numerous cuticular pores, slightly offset lip region, prominent labial and cephalic papillae, cephalic papillae larger than labial ones, barrel-shaped and spacious (40 – 43 × 22.5 – 24 μm) buccal cavity, weakly rounded tail tip and weakly expressed tail tip´s hyaline. In this study, P. fagi and P. muscorum were also collected and some additional data of these two species are also given.
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Tiwari, Jagriti, S. K. Sharma, and R. J. Patil. "An Integrated Approach of Remote Sensing and Gis for Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection: A Case Study of Banjar River Watershed Of Madhya Pradesh, India." Current World Environment 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.12.1.18.
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Land use and land cover of a region is one of the prime concerns in current strategies for the evaluationof the watersheds and development of decision making policies. An uncertain increase in the population of the country along with the increasing demands has imposed an immense pressure on the land threatening the sustainability of the natural resources especially in the developing countries like India. The study was carried out to detect the land use and land cover changes observed in the Banjar River watershed lies in between Balaghat and Mandla districts of Madhya Pradesh, India using the multi spectral satellite dataset for two different years i.e. 2009 & 2013. The supervised classification was done in ERDAS IMAGINE software. The images of the study area was classified into seven classes namely, river, water body, waste land, habitation, forest, agriculture/other vegetation, open land/fallow land/barren land. The result indicates that during the last five years, forest, water body, waste land and open land/fallow land/barren has been increased by 2.26%, 0.55%, 0.23% and 0.48% respectively and the river, habitation and agriculture/other vegetation has been decreased by 0.26%, 0.04%, and 3.22% respectively. Accuracy assessment was also performed in this study to determine the quality of land use/cover map and overall accuracy was found 89.70% for 2009 and 91.91% for 2013.Present study emphasizes on digital change detection techniques for recognizing temporal changes in land use/land cover of the watershed. Outcomes of this study indicate need of implementing conservation and management practices for the socioeconomic development.
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Coelho, Clarisse S., Mario Cappi Neto, Marcela B. Binda, Fernanda A. Teixeira, Renan S. Carvalho, Laís P. Macedo, and Hélio C. Manso Filho. "Acute responses of iron indices in Quarter Horses during a 3-barrel racing exercise." Acta Veterinaria Brno 87, no. 2 (2018): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201887020109.
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Energy metabolism and physical performance are dependent on sufficient iron metabolism. Therefore, studies evaluating the iron profile are necessary to elucidate this trace mineral requirements and its role in the equine exercise physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of barrel racing exercise on serum iron profile of Quarter horses. Twenty-two regularly trained Quarter horses (8 females and 14 males, 4.8 ± 2.4 years old, mean body weight 431.7 ± 33.9 kg) were enrolled in this study with the owner’s informed consent. All horses were evaluated at T0 (at rest), T1 (immediately after barrel racing trial), T2 (30 min after trial) and T3 (2 h after trial). At these time points, blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), total protein (TP), serum iron (SI), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TSAT). Variables were analyzed for normality through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and comparisons were made using Tukey test, considering P < 0.05. The imposed exercise challenge significantly altered PCV, RBC, haemoglobin concentration, TP, SI and TSAT, with higher values were recorded at T1. These findings can be linked to an increased demand as a result of physical activity. Significant changes occurred in the iron status in physically well-conditioned Quarter horses during the barrel racing exercise. Better understanding of iron metabolism in horses will help determine the actual necessity of supplementation.
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Adil, Faryal. "Gullain Barre Syndrome in an 18 month old child: A case report." International Journal of Growth and Development 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/ijgd.2017.v1i1.33.
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Gullian Barre Syndrome is a post infectious poly neuropathy mainly involving motor, but sometimes also sensory and autonomic nerves. Recent immunization with influenza, oral polio and rabies are included in etiology. Pure motor axonal type has the highest incidence in paediatric population. There is flaccid ascending paralysis with areflexia. Autonomic and cranial nerve impairment are also noted. We are presenting a case of 18 months old female child, partially vaccinated, weighing 9kg, who presented with complains of generalized for two days and inability to walk for one day. Child had upper respiratory tract infection two weeks back for which she took oral antibiotics. Milestones were appropriate for age. On examination GCS was 7/15, cranial nerves intact , hypotonia with areflexia and decrease power in all four limbs. Rest of the systemic examination was unremarkable. Laboratory investigations showed leuckocytosis with normal electrolytes and renal functions. However CSF showed pleocytosis with normal glucose and WBC count. Stool culture for polio virus was sent and found to be negative. Our provisional diagnosis is acute flaccid paralysis which could be due to poliomyelitis, gullain barre syndrome and botulinism. History, examination and CSF D/R was suggestive of gullain barre syndrome, so final diagnosis was made. Child was intubated in PICU immediately after shift from emergency due to labored breathing and low GCS. Child was on ventilator support for two days. Intravenous immunoglobulin were arranged and given but unfortunately child expired on second day of admission. Gullain barre syndrome is one of the important cause of acute flaccid paralysis and it is associated with highest mortality incases with rapid onset of limb weakness and mechanical ventilation.
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Kim, Gyo Eun. "A Study on ‘Heung' in Song Su-kwon's Poems ―Focused on “A Country Road or a Wine Barrel”." Research Society for the Korean Language Education, no. 11 (August 31, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25022/jokler.2019.11.1.
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Adem, Muhammed, Sadik J.A., Admasu Worku, and Satheesh Neela. "Optimization of lupine (Lupinus albus L.) composition, feed moisture content and barrel temperatures for best quality maize based extruded snack food." Nutrition & Food Science 50, no. 5 (November 17, 2019): 853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2019-0219.
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Purpose This paper aims to optimize feed moisture contents, barrel temperatures, blending ratios of maize and lupine for processing of protein-rich best quality extruded product using a twin-screw extruder. Design/methodology/approach A three-factor three-level response surface methodology by Box-Behnken Design was applied to evaluate the effect of selected processing conditions of blending ratios of lupine (10-20 per cent), barrel temperatures (120°C-150°C) and feed moisture content (14-18 per cent) on functional, nutritional and sensory characteristics of produced snack food. Findings The results of functional properties such as radial expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index observed as 0.71-1.2, 0.33-0.92 g/cc, 4.4-6.4 per cent and 10.2-15.1 per cent, respectively. The snack food showed the moisture 5.6-7.2 per cent, protein 8.1-18.1 per cent, fiber 1.6-2.7 per cent, ash 1.6-2.2 per cent and carbohydrate 64.8-81.4 per cent. The independent variables (lupine blending ratio, barrel temperature and feed moisture content) posed significant effects on expansion ration (p = 0.0030), bulk density (p = 0.0026), water absorption index (p = 0.0075) and water-solubility index (p = 0.0116). Higher blending ratio of lupine was increase in the bulk density and water solubility index, but decrease in expansion ratio and water absorption index of snack food. Higher feed moisture content was led to a reduction in expansion ratio and water-soluble index of snack food. Whereas, higher feed moisture contents was lead to rise in bulk density and water absorption index. Fiber (p = 0.0145), ash (p = 0.0343) and carbohydrate (p = 0.0001) contents were significantly depended on blending ratio. Blending of lupine 15.06 per cent, barrel temperature of 150 °C and feed moisture content of 14.0 per cent produced the snack food with desirability value of 72.8 per cent. Originality/value Protein malnutrition is one of the major problems in child development in under developed countries including Ethiopia. Maize is a top producer in the country but least appreciated for cost. Lupine is one of the undervalued produce consumed in Ethiopia after boiling. Still data on the utilization of maize and lupine in the extruded snack preparation was very limited. Optimization of moisture and barrel temperatures for this snack was not reported clearly yet.
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Kafle, Dilli Ram, and Surendra Shah. "Outcome of Patients with Gullain Barre syndrome at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 6, no. 2 (April 5, 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v6i2.19565.
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Background: Gullain Barre syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. Early diagnosis and treatment improves survival in patients with Gullain Barre Syndrome.Material and Methods: The purpose of the study was to note the common clinical features and identify predictors of outcome in Patients with Gullain Barre Syndrome. It is a prospective study which was conducted at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from April 2015 to March 2016.Results: Time between onset of symptoms, presentation to hospital and admission was 5 ± 4 days. Four Patients (20%) gave history of upper respiratory tract infections and 12 (60%) had diarrhoea. Limb weakness was the most common symptom, which was documented in 20 (100%) patients. Other common symptoms were limb paresthesia, limb pain, and bladder dysfunction. Cerebrospinal Fluid protein was raised in 16(80%) patients to more than 45 mg/dl. All of our patients had CSF cell count less than 10. One (5%) patient had normal nerve conduction study initially. Eight (40%) patients had axonal (AMAN) variant of GBS, 3(15%) had AMSAN variant of GBS, while 8(40%) had demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP). The mean duration of hospital stay was7.4 ±2.7 days. Three months after hospital discharge 12(60%) patients achieved complete recovery. Eight (40%) patients still needed some support with ambulation. Predictors of worse outcome were old age, rapid progression of disease and AMSAN variant of GBS.Conclusion: Gullain Barre syndrome is an important cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children and adults. Early diagnosis is based on history of symmetrical limb weakness, CSF Findings and nerve conduction study. Majority of patients improve with supportive care while some develop respiratory failure and needs mechanical intubation. Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:20-24
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Pesavento, Michael J., and David J. Pinto. "Network and neuronal membrane properties in hybrid networks reciprocally regulate selectivity to rapid thalamocortical inputs." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): 2452–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00914.2011.
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Rapidly changing environments require rapid processing from sensory inputs. Varying deflection velocities of a rodent's primary facial vibrissa cause varying temporal neuronal activity profiles within the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus. Local neuron populations in a single somatosensory layer 4 barrel transform sparsely coded input into a spike count based on the input's temporal profile. We investigate this transformation by creating a barrel-like hybrid network with whole cell recordings of in vitro neurons from a cortical slice preparation, embedding the biological neuron in the simulated network by presenting virtual synaptic conductances via a conductance clamp. Utilizing the hybrid network, we examine the reciprocal network properties (local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic convergence) and neuronal membrane properties (input resistance) by altering the barrel population response to diverse thalamic input. In the presence of local network input, neurons are more selective to thalamic input timing; this arises from strong feedforward inhibition. Strongly inhibitory (damping) network regimes are more selective to timing and less selective to the magnitude of input but require stronger initial input. Input selectivity relies heavily on the different membrane properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. When inhibitory and excitatory neurons had identical membrane properties, the sensitivity of in vitro neurons to temporal vs. magnitude features of input was substantially reduced. Increasing the mean leak conductance of the inhibitory cells decreased the network's temporal sensitivity, whereas increasing excitatory leak conductance enhanced magnitude sensitivity. Local network synapses are essential in shaping thalamic input, and differing membrane properties of functional classes reciprocally modulate this effect.
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Nelson, Joshua. "Oil, Hard Power and U.S. Hegemony." Pitt Political Review 11, no. 2 (October 13, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ppr.2015.58.
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In late 2014 and early 2015, the United States dramatically increased its presence in the oil market. This tremendous increase in production, which placed the United States ahead of every OPEC country besides Saudi Arabia, caused a global change in supply and demand that dropped the price of crude oil to $58 per barrel. This translated to an average gasoline price of $2.55 per gallon nationally on Dec. 15, 2014. The price drop reverberated throughout the global economy, affecting countries from Malaysia to Norway. In Venezuela, for example, it is estimated that a one dollar drop in the price of oil will cost the country approximately $770 million in annual revenue. The United States’ decision to act influenced the entire world, and this is no surprise – economic control is just one of the many facets of hard power and hegemony.
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Fouka, Vasiliki. "Backlash: The Unintended Effects of Language Prohibition in U.S. Schools after World War I." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 1 (May 26, 2019): 204–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz024.
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Abstract Do forced assimilation policies always succeed in integrating immigrant groups? This article examines how a specific assimilation policy—language restrictions in elementary school—affects integration and identification with the host country later in life. After World War I, several U.S. states barred the German language from their schools. Affected individuals were less likely to volunteer in World War II and more likely to marry within their ethnic group and to choose decidedly German names for their offspring. Rather than facilitating the assimilation of immigrant children, the policy instigated a backlash, heightening the sense of cultural identity among the minority.
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Hamid, MA. "Chicken germplasms and their conservation in Bangladesh: A review." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 1 (August 25, 2019): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i1.42766.
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The present article addresses the scenario of chicken genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances and their conservation in Bangladesh. The chickens, among other poultry species available in the country, are the most versatile component for meat and egg production. The chicken germplasms available in the country are indigenous, exotic, crossbred, and commercial hybrid. The indigenous chicken population is comprised of Non-descript Desi (ND), Naked Neck (NN), Aseel (AS), Hilly (H), Native Dwarf and Jungle Fowl etc. The exotic chicken such as, White Leghorn (WL), White Rock (WR), White Cornish (WC), Rhode Island Red (RIR), Australorp, Fayoumi, Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) etc. are imported mostly to upgrade the indigenous stock. The crossbred of different chickens are used in the country in intensive, semi-intensive and scavenging management system. The commercial hybrid such as grandparent stock (GP), parent stock (PS), commercial broiler, commercial layer etc. has got most popularity for meat and egg production in the country. Conservation and improvement program of endangered native chicken such as Aseel and Native Dwarf chicken should be taken both in-situ or ex-situ in vivo by public sector/research institutes/universities.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 119-134 (2019)
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Gerhard, Ortwin. "Dynamics of the Milky Way Bar/Bulge." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S353 (June 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319008809.
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AbstractStellar surveys and dynamical models have recently led to important progress on understanding the dynamical structure of the Milky Way’s bar and central box/peanut bulge. This talk briefly reviews the density structure of the bulge and bar from star count tomography, the cylindrical rotation of bulge stars, and the measurements of their stellar masses and pattern speed that have been obtained by fitting dynamical models to the combined star count and line-of-sight velocity data. Recent work deriving absolute proper motions throughout the bulge from the VIRAC survey and Gaia has led to a new 3D measurement of the barred bulge kinematics which is expected to greatly improve the dynamical models, and has already confirmed the relatively slow pattern speed (∼40 kms−1 kpc−1) obtained from the previous dynamical and gas-dynamical modelling.
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Hwang, Eun Kyoung, Han Gil Choi, and Jang Kyun Kim. "Seaweed resources of Korea." Botanica Marina 63, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0007.
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AbstractKorea has a long history of utilizing seaweeds, as the country has a high biodiversity of seaweeds. The abundance and composition of seaweed species have changed over the past decades due to climate change and anthropogenic influences. Some species showed a significant extension of their distribution range to the north while some species declined. Some areas have even become barren ground. Korea has put extensive effort into restoring the seaweed resources in these deforested areas. Korea is one of the most advanced countries in the World in terms of seaweed aquaculture. However, the aquacultured species are mostly limited to three genera, Saccharina, Undaria and Pyropia/Porphyra, which represent 96% of the entire seaweed production in the country. Korea has developed highly advanced cultivation technologies as well as various cultivars using breeding and hybridization technologies for these species. There has also been considerable effort in developing environmentally sustainable aquaculture systems using seaweed cultivation (e. g. integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, nutrient bioextraction and biofloc). This study discusses the current status and challenges of the above mentioned topics in detail. In addition, the present study encourages South and North Korean scientists to collaborate in the study of seaweed resources at the border of these two countries.
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Carr, Jessica. "‘A Tourist In The Country Of Men’: Sexuality, Self, And Multiple Modernities In Anya Ulinich’s Graphic Novel Lena Finkle’s Magic Barrel." Images 10, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340075.
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Abstract This article analyzes how Anya Ulinich’s graphic novel Lena Finkle’s Magic Barrel (2014) engages in and expands upon Jewish writing practices. I argue that through her use of the graphic novel as a medium, Ulinich both draws on and subverts masculine writing practices and images of women that have dominated Jewish literature and culture. Through her cross-discursive, intertextual, multi-directional writing, Ulinich depicts her protagonist Lena as gaining a sense of self, but one that is fragmentary and constantly experienced and re-pictured through memory and in relationship to others. Ulinich also raises the question, without providing a stable answer, as to the place of Soviet Jewish memory in Jewish-American life, experience, and literature. She places Russian, Jewish, and American writing and gender norms in conversation with each other, suggesting the difficulty of reconciling these different visions for women and modernity.
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Martinez-Valpuesta, Inma, and Ortwin Gerhard. "A secularly evolved model for the Milky Way bar and bulge." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314011235.
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AbstractBars are strong drivers of secular evolution in disk galaxies. Bars themselves can evolve secularly through angular momentum transport, producing different boxy/peanut and X-shaped bulges. Our Milky Way is an example of a barred galaxy with a boxy bulge. We present a self-consistent N-body simulation of a barred galaxy which matches remarkably well the structure of the inner Milky Way deduced from star counts. In particular, features taken as signatures of a second “long bar“ can be explained by the interaction between the bar and the spiral arms of the galaxy (Martinez-Valpuesta & Gerhard 2011). Furthermore the structural change in the bulge inside l = 4° measured recently from VVV data can be explained by the high-density near-axisymmetric part of the inner boxy bulge (Gerhard & Martinez-Valpuesta 2012). We also compare this model with kinematic data from recent spectroscopic surveys. We use a modified version of the NMAGIC code (de Lorenzi et al. 2007) to study the properties of the Milky Way bar, obtaining an upper limit for the pattern speed of ~ 42 km/sec/kpc. See Fig. 1 for a comparison of one of our best models with BRAVA data (Kunder et al. 2012).