Academic literature on the topic 'Barrier capacity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Barrier capacity"
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Chen, Da Feng, He Jun Du, Wei Hua Li, and Hai Qing Gong. "Holding Capacity of a Dielectrophoretic Barrier for Microparticles." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.281.
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A dielectrophoretic barrier is generated with two layers of microelectrode structures so called paired electrode array (PEA) constructing face to face on the top and bottom sides of a microchannel. The barrier is designed to control the movement of particles in combination with a fluid flow. Depending on the relative strength of the DEP force and hydrodynamic force, microparticles or cells carrying by a laminar flow can either penetrate the barrier or be deflected from there. The threshold velocity at which the barrier firstly fails to hold back the particles is a significant parameter to validate the performance of the device. This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of the microfabricated paired electrode array. The electrodes were fabricated with conventional microfabrication techniques. Micron-sized latex beads were used in the investigation. The holding capacity was defined by measuring the threshold velocity of the system. The results provide crucial information for the design of the dielectrophoretic barrier for microparticle manipulation and separation.
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Wick, Peter, Antoine Malek, Pius Manser, Danielle Meili, Xenia Maeder-Althaus, Liliane Diener, Pierre-Andre Diener, Andreas Zisch, Harald F. Krug, and Ursula von Mandach. "Barrier Capacity of Human Placenta for Nanosized Materials." Environmental Health Perspectives 118, no. 3 (March 2010): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901200.
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Hilliard, James G., Eric D. Cambronne, Jeffrey R. Kirsch, and Michael F. Aziz. "Barrier protection capacity of flip-top pharmaceutical vials." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 25, no. 3 (May 2013): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2012.07.006.
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Ng, C. W. W., D. Song, C. E. Choi, L. H. D. Liu, J. S. H. Kwan, R. C. H. Koo, and W. K. Pun. "Impact mechanisms of granular and viscous flows on rigid and flexible barriers." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 2 (February 2017): 188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0128.
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Structural countermeasures such as rigid and flexible barriers are commonly installed in mountainous regions to intercept mass-wasting processes. Without sufficient and reliable comparable physical data, the study of impact mechanisms remains difficult and not well understood. In this study, a newly developed flexible model barrier together with a rigid barrier are used to simulate either dry granular or viscous liquid impacts on these model barriers in a geotechnical centrifuge. The novel flexible barrier is made of four instrumented cables controlled by spring mechanisms to replicate a bilinear prototype loading response. Tests revealed that regardless of barrier type, both dry granular and viscous flows could have similar frontal dynamic impact coefficients around unity. Compared with the kinetic energy of flow mass (∼10 MJ), only 249 kJ of flexible barrier energy capacity was mobilized. This implies that debris-resisting barriers may only be required to intercept the dynamic flow front as the subsequent flow energy may mainly be dissipated through internal shearing. Attributing to the large deformation of the flexible barrier, the granular static load acting on the flexible barrier could be 39% lower than that on the rigid barrier, resulting in an active failure mode and a lower earth pressure.
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Khederzadeh, H., and K. Sennah. "Development of cost-effective PL-3 concrete bridge barrier reinforced with sand-coated glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars: static load tests." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 4 (April 2014): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0394.
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One of the main factors concerning durability and service life of steel-reinforced bridges is corrosion of steel bars especially when exposed to a harsh environment. The use of glass fibre reinforcing polymer (GFRP) bars as non-corrosive material has emerged as an innovative solution to corrosion related problems, reduce the maintenance cost, and increase the service life of bridge structures. A recent cost-effective design of PL-3 bridge barrier was developed at Ryerson University incorporating high-modulus GFRP bars with headed ends. This paper presents results of full-scale static tests to collapse performed on the developed PL-3 bridge barrier at interior and exterior locations to investigate the ultimate load carrying capacity to be compared with Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). The experimental ultimate load carrying capacity of the barriers was observed to be far greater than CHBDC factored design transverse load. The failure pattern was initiated by a trapezoidal crack pattern at the front face of the barrier, followed by punching shear failure at the transverse load location. Based on the punching shear failure developed in the barrier wall and comparison with available punching shear equations in the literature, an empirical punching shear equation is proposed to determine the transverse load carrying capacity of PL-3 bridge barrier walls reinforced with GFRP bars.
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Holmgren, A. Jay, Nate C. Apathy, and Julia Adler-Milstein. "Barriers to hospital electronic public health reporting and implications for the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, no. 8 (June 1, 2020): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa112.
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Abstract We sought to identify barriers to hospital reporting of electronic surveillance data to local, state, and federal public health agencies and the impact on areas projected to be overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 2018 American Hospital Association data, we identified barriers to surveillance data reporting and combined this with data on the projected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital capacity at the hospital referral region level. Our results find the most common barrier was public health agencies lacked the capacity to electronically receive data, with 41.2% of all hospitals reporting it. We also identified 31 hospital referral regions in the top quartile of projected bed capacity needed for COVID-19 patients in which over half of hospitals in the area reported that the relevant public health agency was unable to receive electronic data. Public health agencies’ inability to receive electronic data is the most prominent hospital-reported barrier to effective syndromic surveillance. This reflects the policy commitment of investing in information technology for hospitals without a concomitant investment in IT infrastructure for state and local public health agencies.
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Vacek, Vítězslav, and Jan Holub. "Options of Assessment of Absorption Capacity of Noise Barrier." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.125.
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The contribution deals with the possibilities of measuring the sound absorption coefficient of concrete panels. On the example of the modified concrete shows one of the possible methods that could be used to check for changes in the case of acoustic properties of restoration of the damaged panels. The issue of evaluation of the sound absorption coefficient is quite complex and difficult in the interpretation of the results, primarily due to the impact of the size of the tested element and parasitic interference in the surrounding environment.
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Fujimoto, Tomoko, Kohei Shirakami, and Kakuji Tojo. "Effect of Microdermabrasion on Barrier Capacity of Stratum Corneum." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 53, no. 8 (2005): 1014–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.1014.
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LEE, SEUNG JOO, HEE CHANG JEON, TAE WON KANG, and SATOFUMI SOUMA. "DIMENSIONAL TRANSITIONS OF DENSITY OF STATES AND HEAT CAPACITY IN SPHERICAL QUANTUM DOTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 15 (June 20, 2008): 2373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039654.
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We evaluate analytically and numerically the density of states (DOS) and the heat capacity in a spherical quantum dot formed by a spherical thin barrier. The control of the spherical barrier thickness or the potential barrier height is found to cause the dimensional transition from the three-dimensional (3D) behavior to the quasi-zero dimensional (Q0D) behavior in the DOS and the heat capacity. When the barrier is thick enough, the DOS shows the Q0D-like behavior but when the barrier is thin enough to allow electrons to tunnel through it, the temperature dependence of the heat capacity exhibits quite a distinct behavior depending on the electron density. Explicit numerical plots are given in the low density regime.
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Alves-Junior, Clodomiro, Dinnara L. S. da Silva, Jussier O. Vitoriano, Anne P. C. B. Barbalho, and Regina C. de Sousa. "The water path in plasma-treated Leucaena seeds." Seed Science Research 30, no. 1 (March 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258520000045.
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AbstractThe effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) of dielectric barrier discharges on the wettability, imbibition and germination of Leucaena leucocephala were investigated. It was established that CAP treatment markedly hydrophilized the seed coat, especially at longer treatment times. From the profile of the imbibition curve and visual observation, it was possible to verify that there are two resistance barriers to water penetration: integument surface and region of the macrosclereid cell wall (light line). Although the plasma interacts only in the integument, increasing the density of hydrophilic sites increases the capacity of water absorption, producing enough driving force to overcome the second resistance barrier. The existence of these two barriers changes the three-phase pattern generally observed during seed germination. Despite an increase in imbibition, the plasma treatment conditions used in this work, were not enough to overcome completely the dormancy barrier.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Barrier capacity"
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Ngan, Caroline Lai Yung. "Experimental investigations of anchorage capacity of precast concrete bridge barrier for Performance Level 2." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1518.
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In the last twenty years, the design requirements of bridge barriers have changed with the aim of improving the safety of commuters on the bridge. A majority of precast concrete bridge barriers (PCBB) on highway bridges in British Columbia were designed and installed in accordance with the 1988 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). To ensure that these barriers comply with the current code requirements, research and testing were deemed obligatory. In particular, the anchorage capacity of the parapet under the CHBDC design load warrants verification. A finite element model of the barrier was developed in ANSYS to study its structural response. Static testing of a set of barriers was carried out at the University of British Columbia to better understand the behaviour of the barrier. The experimental results were used to calibrate and verify the finite element model. Through the finite element model and experimental results, a simpler model has been developed in a formatted spreadsheet environment to allow better estimates of the anchorage capacity of different barrier designs. The model was scaled to a wider use for practicing engineers so to ease and improve the design of anchorages of precast concrete bridge barrier under Performance Level 2 loading in accordance with the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code.
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Goosen, Alberto. "Structural capacity of freestanding glass balustrades." Thesis, Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/388.
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Mahajan, Kamal. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Active Barrier Polymers." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271339021.
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Jenson, Sean R. "Energy Absorption Capacity of Fluid-filled Safety Barriers for Guardrail Terminal Replacement." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1462532491.
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Iwarsson, Susanne. "Functional capacity and physical environmental demand exploration of factors influencing everyday activity and health in the elderly population /." Lund : Dept. of Community Health Sciences, Lund University, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=GVZrAAAAMAAJ.
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Talón, Argente Emmanuelle. "INCORPORATION OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN BIOPOLYMER-BASED FILMS FOR FOOD USE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/101283.
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En la presente Tesis Doctoral se han usado diferentes estrategias para incorporar compuestos activos no volátiles y volátiles en películas biodegradables a base de almidón (S) procedente de diferentes fuentes, quitosano (CH) y mezclas CH:S. Se evaluaron las propiedades funcionales de las películas y las cinéticas de liberación del compuesto activo debido a la incorporación de los polifenoles del tomillo (TE) y del ácido tánico (TA). Además, las propiedades funcionales y cinéticas de liberación de películas de almidón obtenidos por casting o por termoconformado también fueron evaluados en función de la adición de eugenol (E) en forma libre o previamente encapsulado con diferentes materiales (proteína de suero de leche (WP) o lecitinas (LE) junto con maltodextrinas como agente coadyuvante). Los productos microencapsulados en polvo fueron obtenidos por atomización. El efecto de la incorporación de ácido oleico (OA) en los encapsulados, como soporte para el E, y CH, como estabilizador potencial de las capsulas también fue estudiado. Las diferentes formulaciones fueron caracterizadas antes y después del secado en términos de eficiencia de encapsulación (EE), estabilidad térmica, cinéticas de liberación y capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana. Los resultados mostraron que TE confirió a las películas de S y CH actividad antioxidante. Los polifenoles (TE y TA) interaccionaron con las cadenas de CH y actuaron como agentes de entrecruzamiento, mejorando el comportamiento mecánico de las películas y reduciendo la velocidad de liberación y la cantidad de polifenol liberado de las películas en agua y en disoluciones acuosas de etanol. El efecto opuesto fue observado cuando el TE fue incorporado en la matriz de S pura. Todas las películas con TE fueron más oscuras, más rojizas y menos transparentes, especialmente las matrices de S:TE, lo que sugiere que los compuestos de TE fueron escasamente encapsulados. Éstas películas mostraron la liberación más rápida y la mayor proporción de TE liberado. Se observó una buena EE en los polvos sin CH (87-98%). Sin embargo, el empleo de CH provocó una disminución de la EE en los polvos formulados con WP y con LE (22% y 46%, respectivamente). Las formulaciones mostraron un comportamiento similar en cuanto a la liberación de E en simulantes alimentarios de diferente polaridad, donde prácticamente el contenido de E fue liberado a una velocidad similar. El efecto antibacteriano de polvos sin CH contra E. coli fue coherente con su contenido de eugenol. Un efecto adicional positivo de OA se detectó en la actividad antilisteria de este polvo. El proceso de moldeo por termocompresión de las películas provocó importantes pérdidas de E (80-65%), minimizadas cuando se utilizó OA en las microcápsulas. En las películas con E no encapsulado, se promovió la retención de E debido a la formación de complejos S-E. La presencia de E microencapsulado aumentó las discontinuidades en la matriz polimérica, produciendo películas menos resistentes y elásticas. Las propiedades barrera se mejoraron al agregar microencapsulados a las películas, a excepción de las microcápsulas con OA. La liberación de E de las películas se vio afectada por la microcápsula, su composición y el simulante alimentario. En la película de S obtenida por casting, la adición de polvo E microencapsulado en las dispersiones formadoras de película modificó la microestructura de las películas, que fueron menos resistentes y menos elásticas con un contenido reducido de humedad, y una menor transparencia y permeabilidad al oxígeno en comparación con las películas formuladas con E no encapsulado. La adición de E microencapsulado con OA promovió la actividad antioxidante de las películas, especialmente en los simulantes alimenticios menos polares. Las películas S-EOA-LE fueron efectivas para prevenir la oxidación del aceite de girasol durante 53 días de almacenamiento a 30°C.In the present Doctoral Thesis, different strategies have been used to incorporate non-volatile (polyphenols from thyme extract) and a volatile active compound (eugenol) into biodegradable films prepared with starch (S) of different sources or chitosan (CH) or with mixtures of CH:S. The functional properties and release kinetics of casted films prepared with pea starch or CH or CH:S blends were evaluated as affected by the incorporation of polyphenols from an aqueous thyme extract (TE) and tannic acid (TA), a polyphenol which was used as a cross-linking agent. Moreover, the functional properties and release kinetics of corn starch films, obtained by casting or by thermo-compression moulding, were evaluated as a function of the addition of eugenol (E) in free form or pre-encapsulated with different wall materials. In order to encapsulate E, whey protein isolate (WP) or soy lecithin (LE), as wall material, and maltodextrin (MD), as drying coadjuvant, were selected. Microencapsulate powders were obtained by spray-drying. The effect of the addition of oleic acid (OA), as eugenol carrier, and CH, as a potential capsule stabilizer, was also analysed. The different formulations were characterized before and after drying, in terms of encapsulation efficiency, thermal stability, release kinetics and antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Results showed that TE provided pea starch and chitosan films with antioxidant activity. Polyphenols (TE and TA) interacted with CH chains and acted as cross-linkers, thus improving the tensile behaviour of films and reducing the release rate and the amount of polyphenol released from the films in water and ethanol aqueous solutions. The opposite effect was observed when TE was incorporated into the pure S matrix. All the films became darker, more reddish and less transparent when TE was incorporated, and this effect was more marked in pure S matrices, which suggests that the TE compounds were poorly encapsulated. Thus, S:TE films showed the fastest delivery rate and the highest delivery ratio of TE. A good encapsulation efficiency (EE) of E was observed in the CH-free powders (87-98%). However, the use of CH provoked a marked EE decrease in both WP and LE powders (22% and 46%, respectively). The formulations exhibited similar E release behaviour in food simulants of different polarity, where practically the total E content was delivered at a similar rate. The antibacterial effect of CH-free powders against E. coli was also coherent with their eugenol content. An additional positive effect of OA was detected in terms of the antilisterial action of this powder. The process of thermo-compression moulding of the films led to important E losses (80-65%), which were minimised when using OA in the microcapsules (EOA-WP or EOA-LE). In the films containing non-encapsulated E, the retention of E was promoted due to the formation of E-starch complexes. The presence of microencapsulated eugenol increased the presence of discontinuities in the polymeric matrix, thus yielding films that were mechanically less resistant and stretchable, except for E-LE-S films, which became more resistant to break. The barrier properties were improved when adding microencapsulates to the films, except for OA-based microcapsules. Eugenol release from the films was affected by microcapsule, their composition and the food simulant. In starch film obtained by casting, the addition of microencapsulated eugenol powder in starch film-forming dispersions modified film microstructure, yielding less resistant and less elastic films with reduced moisture content, transparency and oxygen permeability as compared to casted films formulated with non-encapsulated eugenol. The addition of eugenol microencapsulated with OA promoted the preservation of the antioxidant activity of the films, especially in less polar food simulants. S-EOA-LE films were effective in preventing sunflower oil oxidation during 53 days of storage at 30¿C.
En la present Tesi Doctoral s'han usat diferents estratègies per a incorporar compostos actius no volàtils i volàtils en pel·lícules biodegradables a base de midó (S) procedent de diferents fonts, quitosano (CH) i mescles CH:S. Es van avaluar les propietats funcionals de les pel·lícules i les cinètiques d'alliberament del compost actiu a causa de la incorporació dels polifenoles del timó (TE) i de l'àcid tànnic (TA). A més, les propietats funcionals i cinètiques d'alliberament de pel·lícules de midó obtinguts per càsting o per termoconformat també van ser avaluats en funció de l'addició d'eugenol (E) en forma lliure o prèviament encapsulat amb diversos materials (proteïna de sèrum de llet (WP) o lecitines (LE) junt amb maltodextrines com a agent coadjuvant). Els productes microencapsulats en pols van ser obtinguts per atomització. L'efecte de la incorporació d'àcid oleic (OA) en els encapsulats, com a suport per al E, i CH, com estabilitzador potencial de les càpsules també va ser estudiat. Les diferents formulacions van ser caracteritzades abans i després de l'assecat en termes d'eficiència d'encapsulació (EE), estabilitat tèrmica, cinètiques d'alliberament i capacitat antioxidant i antimicrobiana. Els resultats van mostrar que es va conferir a les pel·lícules de S i CH activitat antioxidant. Els polifenols (TE i TA) van interaccionar amb les cadenes de CH i van actuar com a agents d'entrecreuament, millorant el comportament mecànic de les pel·lícules i reduint la velocitat d'alliberament i la quantitat de polifenol alliberat de les pel·lícules en aigua i en dissolucions aquoses d'etanol. L'efecte oposat va ser observat quan el TE va ser incorporat en la matriu de S pura. Totes les pel·lícules amb TE van ser més fosques, més rogenques i menys transparents, especialment les matrius de S:TE, la qual cosa suggerix que els compostos de TE van ser escassament encapsulats. Estes pel·lícules van mostrar l'alliberament més ràpid i la major proporció de TE alliberat. Es va observar una bona EE en les pols sense CH (87-98%). No obstant, la incorporació de CH va provocar una disminució de l'EE en les pols formulats amb WP i amb LE (22% i 46%, respectivament). Les formulacions van mostrar un comportament semblant quant a l'alliberament de E en simulants alimentaris de diferent polaritat, on pràcticament el contingut de E va ser alliberat a una velocitat semblant. L'efecte antibacterià de pols sense CH contra E. coli va ser coherent amb el seu contingut d'eugenol. Un efecte addicional positiu d'OA es va detectar en l'activitat antilisteria d'esta pols. El procés de modelat per termocompresió de les pel·lícules va provocar importants pèrdues de E (80-65%) , minimitzades quan es va utilitzar OA en les microcàpsules. En les pel·lícules amb E no encapsulat, es va promoure la retenció de E a causa de la formació de complexos S-E. La presència de E microencapsulat va augmentar les discontinuïtats en la matriu polimérica, produint pel·lícules menys resistents i elàstiques. Les propietats barrera es van millorar a l'agregar microencapsulats a les pel·lícules, a excepció de les microcàpsules amb OA. L'alliberament de E de les pel·lícules es va veure afectada per la microcàpsula, la seua composició i el simulant alimentari. En la pel·lícula de S obtinguda per càsting, l'addició de pols E microencapsulat en les dispersions formadores de pel·lícula va modificar la microestructura de les pel·lícules, que van ser menys resistents i menys elàstiques amb un contingut reduït d'humitat, i una menor transparència i permeabilitat a l'oxigen en comparació amb les pel·lícules formulades amb E no encapsulat. L'addició de E microencapsulat amb OA va promoure l'activitat antioxidant de les pel·lícules, especialment en els simulants alimentaris menys polars. Les pel·lícules S-EOA-LE van ser efectives per a previndre l'oxidació de l'oli de gira-sol durant 53 dies d'em
Talón Argente, E. (2018). INCORPORATION OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN BIOPOLYMER-BASED FILMS FOR FOOD USE [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/101283
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Klein, Radek. "Pracoviště pro měření náhradního schématu fotovoltaických článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217238.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyse solar cells, demonstrate linearized model of PN junction and show basic techniques of measurement of this model. Solar cells measurement and acquired results are also presented.
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Hanák, Kamil. "Pracoviště pro dynamické testování solárních článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217871.
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This work deals with method for characterization of photovoltaic solar cells based on evaluation of solar cell response to fast transients. The voltage of the cell in both forward and reverse polarisation was controlled by current pulse exciting. Real reverse breakdown voltage and exact value of serial resistance of the cell can be obtained easily by evaluation of the transient curves recorded by digital osciloscope. By negotiation of the time constants of the cell response to excitation in forward polarisation the lifetime of minority carriers in semiconductor bulk can be estimated.
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Menary, Jonathan. "Innovation in the UK fresh produce industry : sources, barriers and innovative capacity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104208/.
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The UK fresh produce industry faces a number of challenges, including new pests and diseases, foreign competition and the cost of and access to seasonal labour. ‘Innovation’ has been promoted to meet these challenges, but the sources of innovation, and what holds it back, have not been explored. This thesis aims to: 1) identify the sources of innovation in the fresh produce industry, 2) determine the barriers to innovation in the industry and 3) seek ways to improve the overall innovative capacity of the sector. It does so by using the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) approach as an underpinning framework within a case study design. 32 industry practitioners, including growers, technologists, researchers and retailers took part in semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using Framework Analysis. The study finds an increasingly consolidated and competitive industry, influenced heavily by retail groups and the need for constant innovation. It describes ‘types’ of innovation and their interlinked nature, as well as the inherent uncertainty around innovation and the difficulties in ‘measuring’ change. It finds that innovation often originates overseas and through experimentation or interaction with a given product or process. It describes both positive and negative communication in the industry and explores other blocking mechanisms to innovation including horizontal and vertical fragmentation, diverging innovation agendas and a “defensive” innovation culture. It also identifies a number of enabling factors for change. Interactivity and network formation are recognised as vital components of the innovation system. However, considerable emphasis is placed on non-systemic factors, such as entrepreneurialism. These findings are combined with existing literature in a functional-structural analysis to offer recommendations to bolster innovative capacity in the industry. The study makes several original contributions to knowledge, particularly with respect to the AIS approach: that innovation systems routinely extend beyond national borders, facilitated in part by another understudied issue – producer organisations – is an area for further research.
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Azhoni, Adani. "Adapting water management in India to climate change : institutions, networks and barriers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13660.
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Climate change is experienced most through the medium of water. The ability of water institutions and the factors that enable or hinder them to purposefully adapt to the new and additional challenges brought by climate change require better understanding. Factors that influence their perception of climate change impacts and initiatives being taken for adaptation are shaped by various enabling factors and barriers through the interaction with both governmental and non-governmental institutions across administrative scales. Better understanding of these adaptation enablers and barriers is essential for devising adaptation strategies. This research aims to identify and expound the characteristics that enable or hinder institutions to adapt for water management, and hence, it evaluates the involvement of key governmental and non-governmental institutions in India and the inter-institutional networks between them. It surveyed webpages and online documents of sixty Union Government institutions and interviewed representatives from twenty-six governmental, non-governmental, research and academic institutions operating at the national level and another twenty-six institutions operating within the State of Himachal Pradesh in India to assess the characteristics that enable or hinder adaptation. While the online projection of institutional involvement and interaction among key Union Government institutions on climate change and water indicate a more centralized network pointing to Planning Commission and Ministry of Environment and Forest, the interview responses indicated a more distributed network with both Ministries of Water Resources and Environment and Forest recognized as key institutions thereby indicating a potential variation in perception of who is in-charge. Moreover, online documents show institutions that are involved in water have less mention of climate change compared to Union Government ministries involved in less climate-sensitive sectors indicating that impacts of climate change on water are potentially ignored. While it is evident that research and consulting institutions engaging with both national and state level institutions play a key role in enabling adaptation, various barriers pertaining to data and information accessibility, inadequacy of resources and implementation gaps exist particularly due to inter-institutional network fragmentations. Although barriers identified in this study bear resemblance to barriers identified by other researchers in other contexts, this research shows similar barriers can emerge from different underlying causes and are highly interconnected; thereby indicating the need for addressing adaptation barriers collectively as a wider governance issue. Since many of the adaptation barriers emerge from wider governance challenges and are related to larger developmental issues, the findings have important policy implications. Among the various issues that the government needs to address is improving the inter-institutional networks between water institutions so that information dissemination, sharing of learning experiences and data accessibility is improved and prescriptive legislations are seen to be inadequate in this regard. Restructuring the way officials in government water institutions are recruited and deployed is suggested as a potential solution for improving the inter-institutional networks. The research elucidates that inter-institutional networks and transboundary institutions are two pillars that supports adaptation and also bridges the gap between adaptive capacity and adaptation manifestation that enable water institutions to cross the chasm of adaptation barriers. Thus the thesis presents an important analysis of key characteristics that enable or hinder water management institutions to adapt to climate change which have been so far under acknowledged by other studies through the analysis of the state of climate change adaptation in India. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for developing countries, particularly, facing similar challenges of adapting water management for climate change.
Books on the topic "Barrier capacity"
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Clark, Graham. Barriers to service quality: The capacity, quality, productivity balance. Cranfield: Cranfield School of Management, 1991.
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Johnson, Leland L. Use of excess capacity in international telecommunications to deter competitive entry. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1988.
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Barham, Brad. A sequential entry model with strategic use of excess capacity. Kingston, Ont., Canada: Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University, 1991.
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Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Project. Pacific regional energy assessment 2004: An assessment of the key energy issues, barriers to the development of renewable energy to mitigate climate change, and capacity development needs for removing the barriers. Apia, Samoa]: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004.
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Mullick, Anjali, and Jonathan Martin. An introduction to advance care planning: practice at the frontline. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0003.
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Advance care planning (ACP) is a process of formal decision-making that aims to help patients establish decisions about future care that take effect when they lose capacity. In our experience, guidance for clinicians rarely provides detailed practical advice on how it can be successfully carried out in a clinical setting. This may create a barrier to ACP discussions which might otherwise benefit patients, families and professionals. The focus of this paper is on sharing our experience of ACP as clinicians and offering practical tips on elements of ACP, such as triggers for conversations, communication skills, and highlighting the formal aspects that are potentially involved. We use case vignettes to better illustrate the application of ACP in clinical practice.
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Macauley, Robert C. Ethics of Child and Adolescent Palliative Care (DRAFT). Edited by Robert C. Macauley. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0013.
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Over the course of childhood a patient’s decision-making capacity evolves. While eighteen is the age of majority in most states, younger patients may well have the ability to process information and make informed decisions. At the same time, the “dual process theory” of maturation reveals that emotional considerations may outweigh cognitive ones. Physicians must understand how to respond to parental requests for nondisclosure of diagnosis and prognosis, as well as differences of opinion between the patient and parents as to appropriate treatment options. Even when a child agrees with her parents regarding a treatment plan, this may reflect undue influence rather than voluntariness. And even when a treatment has a favorable benefit/burden ratio, an adolescent’s refusal may present such a logistical barrier that a modified treatment plan may need to be implemented.
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Roberts, Simon. Barriers to Entry and Implications for Competition Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0012.
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Competition requires rivals. While this rivalry may come from imports, the development of local capabilities and productive capacity for rivalry, including by black industrialists in the South African context, means understanding the barriers to entry that local producers must overcome. Barriers to entry are also critical for the correct balance between the risks of over- and under-enforcement and are one reason why it has been recommended that countries should adopt different standards for competition evaluation. This chapter draws on studies of barriers to entry in different markets in South Africa to consider the nature and extent of these barriers and the implications for competition policy. It highlights issues related to regulatory barriers, consumer switching costs and branding, routes to market, and vertical integration, as well as economies of scale and access to finance.
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National capacity-building in selected ESCWA member countries in view of technical barriers to trade and the WTO agreements. New York: United Nations, 2001.
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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia., ed. National capacity-building in selected ESCWA member countries in view of technical barriers to trade and the WTO agreements. New York: United Nations, 2001.
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Valentine, Scott. Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.001.0001.
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The wind power development policy community faces a conundrum. On the one hand, as the most commercially viable form of utility-scale renewable energy, the wind power industry has experienced in excess of ten-fold growth in total installed capacity over the past decade. On the other hand, installed wind power capacity still accounts for less than 2% of global electricity-generation capacity, despite the prevalence of studies indicating that, in certain situations, wind power can be a cheaper form of electricity than most fossil fuel alternatives. Accordingly, the most puzzling aspect of wind power development policy can be summed up in the following manner: given the global imperative to facilitate an expedient transition away from CO2-intensive energy technologies and the commercial viability of wind power, what is stopping the wind power industry from capturing higher market shares around the world? In Wind Power Politics and Policy, Scott Valentine examines this question from two angles. First, it presents an analysis of social, technical, economic and political (STEP) barriers which research shows tends to stymie wind power development. Case studies which examine phlegmatic wind power development in Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Canada are presented in order to demonstrate to the reader how these barriers manifest themselves in practice. Second, the book presents an analysis of STEP catalysts which have been linked to successful growth of wind power capacity in select nations. Four more case studies that examine the successful development of wind power in Denmark, Germany, the USA and China are put forth as practical examples of how supportive factors conflate to produce conditions that are conducive to growth of wind power markets. By examining its impediments and catalysts, the book will provide policymakers with insight into the types of factors that must be effectively managed in order to maximize wind power development.
Book chapters on the topic "Barrier capacity"
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Chen, Da Feng, He Jun Du, Wei Hua Li, and Hai Qing Gong. "Holding Capacity of a Dielectrophoretic Barrier for Microparticles." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 281–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.281.
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Fratalocchi, Evelina, Jonathan Domizi, and Francesco Mazzieri. "Hydraulic Conductivity and Sorption Capacity of Special Barrier Materials in Inorganic Solutions." In Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 2, 461–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2224-2_57.
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Bohensky, Erin, Samantha Stone-Jovicich, Silva Larson, and Nadine Marshall. "Adaptive Capacity in Theory and Reality: Implications for Governance in the Great Barrier Reef Region." In Springer Series on Environmental Management, 23–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12194-4_2.
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Etongo, Daniel, Vincent Amelie, Angelique Pouponneau, and Walter Leal Filho. "Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in the Seychelles." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2675–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_136.
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AbstractAs a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Seychelles is quite vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and adaptation is considered a national priority. Despite efforts to enhance its adaptive capacity, a number of barriers still hamper the adaptation process such as fragile institutions and inadequate governance to climate change, financial and human resource capacity constraints, and limited scientific knowledge and understanding of how climate change affects the country. A key barrier to climate change adaptation in the Seychelles is called “remote” or “legacy” barriers – linked to land use decisions made five decades ago during which wetlands were reclaimed for property development. Therefore, 80% of Seychelles’ critical infrastructures are located on the coastline and are exposed to floods, erosion, and sea level rise. Additionally, the pros and cons of hard and soft adaptation interventions in the Seychelles ranging from rock armoring, retaining wall, groynes to ecosystem-based adaptation actions such as timber piling, beach nourishment, dune management, rainwater harvesting, and mangrove and coral restoration are assessed with recommendations on the way forward. In other words, this chapter provides some examples of actions and strategies that may assist the island nations to improve on adaptation actions. An example that addresses partly the financial constrain is the Seychelles’ Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT) that provide funding for medium- and large-scale project in the Seychelles since 2015.
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Hill, Margot. "Bridges and Barriers to Adaptive Capacity." In Advances in Global Change Research, 201–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5796-7_11.
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Obaidullah, A. T. M. "Reorganization of Parliament Secretariat Barriers to the Capacity Development." In Institutionalization of the Parliament in Bangladesh, 81–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5317-7_4.
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Fonash, S. J., and Zheng Li. "Schottky-Barrier Diode and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitor Gas Sensors." In ACS Symposium Series, 177–202. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0309.ch011.
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Nyahunda, Louis, and Happy Mathew Tirivangasi. "Barriers to Effective Climate Change Management in Zimbabwe’s Rural Communities." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2405–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_251.
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AbstractThe daunting effects of climate change are more visible and acute among rural people in most developing countries. Smallholder farmers in rural communities are more encumbered by climate change impacts and they have been reeling with climate induced shocks for some time. Their vulnerability to climate change impacts is aggravated by high dependence on the climate volatile natural resource base, high poverty levels, lack of adaptive capacity, low educational levels, and lack of technoscience-based technologies among other key compounding factors. In the light of this, Zimbabwe is still crawling to implement and administer effective climate change management measures aimed at disaster risk reduction and management, vulnerability reduction, social resilience, and capacity building because of political and socioeconomic quagmires trapping the country. Consequently, rural people are the hardest hit by these developments. Climate change management connotes a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases and adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities through mitigation and adaptation. Nevertheless, rural people are on record of engaging in a plethora of activities to manage climate change and its actual or potential risks. However, their efforts are marred by an avalanche of setbacks which serve as barriers to climate change management. Against this backdrop, this book chapter intends to delineate the factors serving as barriers to climate change management in Zimbabwe’s rural communities.
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Nkuba, Michael Robert, Raban Chanda, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, Akintayo Adedoyin, Margaret Najjingo Mangheni, David Lesolle, and Edward Kato. "Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation Among Pastoralists: Rwenzori Region, Western Uganda." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 659–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_99.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the barriers to climate change adaptation among pastoralists in the Rwenzori region in Western Uganda. Despite the implementation of adaptation programs by public and private agencies, pastoralists still have impediments to adapting to climate change. Data was collected using a household survey involving 269 pastoralists. The results revealed that the main barriers were poor access to climate change information, poor access to extension services, high cost of adaptation measures, poor access to credit, and insecure land tenure. There is need to improve capacity building of extension workers and other stakeholders in the dissemination of climate change information. Land tenure and land rights issues should be given high consideration in climate change adaptation policies and programs. Climate finance programs should be made more effective in addressing the high cost of adaptation.
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Nzengya, Daniel M., Paul Maina Mwari, and Chrocosiscus Njeru. "Barriers to the Adoption of Improved Cooking Stoves for Rural Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1641–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_133.
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AbstractMajority of Kenya’s citizens reside in the rural areas where wood fuel is still the primary source of energy for cooking. Continuing reliance on wood fuel against the backdrop of burgeoning population poses huge threats to the country’s forest cover, undermining capacity for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study conducted in Machakos and Laikipia counties explored; (i) women’s perceptions of the health risks associated with dependence of firewood for cooking, (ii) women’s attitudes and perceptions towards improved cooking charcoal stoves (ICS) as cleaner alternatives to traditional firewood stoves for cooking, and (iii) women’s perceptions of barriers to adoption of improved cooking stoves. Study findings revealed that women were aware of the health risks associated with the use of firewood for cooking. However, despite these perceptions, upward trends in demands for firewood as a source of energy for cooking in the rural areas may persist in the next coming decades. Barriers to adoption of improved cooking stoves vary by sociocultural contexts. The study concludes that innovations that involve stakeholders especially participatory designs, monitoring, and evaluation of ICS might improve adoption levels. Moreover, innovations to increase adoption need to leverage on the opportunities provided by Sustainable development goal number 7 to accelerate adoption of ICS among other forms of cleaner, affordable, and sustainable sources of energy for cooking.
Conference papers on the topic "Barrier capacity"
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Wan, Peng-Jun, Lei Wang, Chao Ma, Zhu Wang, Boliu Xu, and Minming Li. "Maximizing wireless network capacity with linear power: Breaking the logarithmic barrier." In IEEE INFOCOM 2013 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2013.6566750.
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Duan, Ran. "Breaking the O(n2.5) Deterministic Time Barrier for Undirected Unit-Capacity Maximum Flow." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973105.84.
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Morii, Toshihiro, Kazunobu Matsumoto, and Kaoru Kobayashi. "Water Diversion Capacity of Shallow Land Waste Repository Covered by Capillary Barrier of Soil." In The 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icgre17.174.
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Крылов, Владимир, Vladimir Krylov, Алексей Богачев, Aleksey Bogachev, Тимофей Пронин, Timofey Pronin, Алексей Мищенко, and Aleksey Mischenko. "MULTISCAN IDENTIFICATION OF MODELS OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF RELAXATION OF CAPACITY OF SEMICONDUCTOR BARRIER STRUCTURES." In CAD/EDA/Simulation in Modern Electronics. Bryansk State Technical University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5c19e6a391f660.48288909.
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Chun, Min Sung, Krishna K. Rodda, Tae Yoon Park, Jong Won Yoon, Sang Min Han, Ki Bok Jang, Yong Suk Suh, and Sung Chan Kim. "A Structural Capacity Evaluation for Corrugated Membrane Structure of LNG Cargo Containment System." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10493.
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Corrugated membrane structure is adopted as 1st barrier of membrane type LNG cargo containment system of LNG carrier to reduce thermal stress caused by cryogenic temperature of LNG. The corrugated structure, however, can lead to buckling and large deformation followed by plastic strain at a local area of the 1st barrier under sloshing load. Therefore in order to evaluate structural capacity of the corrugated membrane, structural response against various environmental loading such as hull deformation, sloshing load as well as thermal loading should be investigated. In this study, failure criteria for corrugated membrane is proposed based on rupture strain of the material considering the objective of the 1st barrier of LNG cargo containment system with respect to functionality. And the structural responses of corrugated membrane, for each environmental loading, are carefully evaluated. To evaluate structural response under sloshing load and thermal loading, a series of finite element analysis is carried out and plastic strains for each loadings condition are estimated. In addition, to investigate the effect of plastic strain developed during metal forming process for corrugated membrane on structural response, plastic strain on corrugated membrane developed by metal forming is measured through real manufacturing process. By comparing accumulated plastic strain due to thermal, sloshing load as well as material forming to material rupture strain obtained from material tensile test, structural capacity of the corrugated membrane structure of LNG cargo containment system is evaluated.
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Chakrabarti, Partha, Kaushik Bose, Abhijeet Chawan, Sameer Dhaware, and Mike McDole. "Impact Analysis of a Vessel Exclusion Barrier." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20070.
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A vessel exclusion barrier (VEB) is used at a port to prevent an unauthorized boat from crossing it and entering an area of vital security concern. The VEB is a floating barrier extending several thousand feet constructed out of a number of units of modular construction most often made of HDPE material. These individual units are assembled together to make a segment of about 50 ft length interconnected by several wire rope cables. A number of these segments are placed next to each other to make up the full length. The connecting wire ropes provide the primary global strength to span the barrier between the supports. The VEB is anchored to the seabed at specific intervals using chain and/or wire rope mooring and gravity or pile anchors. There could be some gates that would allow entry to the authorized vessels. Sometimes the barrier is also equipped with wire nets to capture the encroaching vessel improving the effectiveness of the barrier. The primary objective of the present study is to perform analyses for impact by a small craft of about 30 ft length trying to breach the barrier. Through these analyses mooring configuration for the floating barrier will be selected and designed. These analyses will also provide estimation of the energy absorption capacity of the VEB. The size, grade and the number of cables interconnecting the modules, the freeboard height, and the anchoring system strength, all influence the energy absorption capability of the barrier. The energy absorption capacity would limit the size of the vessel and its speed that can theoretically be stopped by the barrier. The effect of various design parameters including interconnecting wire rope breaking strength, support spacing, mooring line strength, and mooring plan radius are needed to be studied to decide on the final design configuration for optimum impact energy absorption before taking critical design decisions. A computer model of the structure is developed for a specific application and nonlinear time domain dynamic analysis is performed to address the design problem. The modeling technique used is discussed in detail. Parametric studies are carried out to quantify the effect of each design factor. The primary critical factors and their effects that emerge from the study are discussed. To the authors’ best knowledge publication covering the analytical aspects of a vessel exclusion barrier does not exist in the public domain. Therefore, general conclusions made about the characteristics of the system are expected to help a designer for the proper design of a specific application of a VEB.
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Aubertin, M., E. Cifuentes, V. Martin, S. Apithy, B. Bussière, J. Molson, R. P. Chapuis, and A. Maqsoud. "An Investigation of Factors that Influence the Water Diversion Capacity of Inclined Covers with Capillary Barrier Effects." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)47.
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Bielenberg, Robert W., John D. Rohde, and John D. Reid. "Design of the SAFER Emergency Gate Using LS-DYNA." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81078.
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In recent years, NASCAR and the Indy Racing League have improved the safety of their racetracks through the installation of the Steel And Foam Energy Reduction barrier (SAFER). The new barrier consists of a high-strength, tubular steel skin that distributes the impact load to energy-absorbing foam cartridges in order to reduce the severity of the impact, extends the impact event, and provides the occupant of the race car additional protection. During installation of the SAFER barrier, the designers realized that certain race tracks were designed with the emergency track exit in the outside of the corner. Because the SAFER barrier needed to be installed in these corners, a gate mechanism had to be designed for the barrier that would provide access to the track while retaining the safety performance of the system. Full-scale crash testing of the first SAFER gate design showed that the gate did not posses sufficient capacity to handle the loads experienced during a worst-case impact scenario. Non-linear finite element analysis was then used to redesign the gate mechanism. The original gate design was simulated using LS-DYNA in order to validate the computational model. Modifications to increase the capacity of the gate mechanism were designed and analyzed until suitable results were obtained through simulation. Finally, the redesigned SAFER gate was successfully full-scale crash tested.
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Bauer, Andreas, Matteo Loizzo, Laurent Delabroy, Tron Golder Kristiansen, and Kristian Klepaker. "Activated Shale Creep and Potential Micro-Annulus Investigated in the Field." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204088-ms.
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Abstract It has been demonstrated that creeping shales can form effective hydraulic well barriers. Shale barriers have been used for many years in P&A of wells in Norway. More recently, shale barriers for zonal isolation have also been used in new wells where shale creep was found to occur within days. In some cases, shale creep is activated by a reduction in annulus pressure, in other cases shale creep sets in without any active activation, possibly by time-dependent formation-pressure changes. However, the presence of thixotropic fluids (drilling muds) in the annulus may prevent full closure of the annulus as it requires large pressure differentials to squeeze the fluid out of a microannulus. Furthermore, elastic rebound of an actively activated shale barrier could result in a microannulus and hence a possible leakage pathway. Improved logging technology is needed for identifying shale barriers and the presence of micro-annuli in shale-barrier zones. We use cement bond log data and standard bond logging criteria to evaluate the quality of the shale well barriers (Williams et al., 2009). In addition, in order to detect microannuli on the outside of the casing, a new inversion algorithm for the bond logging data was developed and tested on field data. Later, we had the chance to apply the inversion algorithm to bond-log data obtained in the laboratory with a miniature bond-logging tool inside a cased hollow-cylinder shale-core sample place. It turned out that both the micro-annulus widths and shale velocities determined by the inversion technique were too high. By constraining the shale velocities to more realistic values, the updated microannulus widths were smaller and more consistent with the experimental results. Small microannuli may not cause any measurable leakage along the well, especially if filled with a thixotropic fluid. However, more studies are needed to quantify the impact of microannuli on the sealing capacity of shale barriers.
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Yoshida, Hidekazu, Shoji Nishimoto, and Richard Metcalfe. "Altered Crystalline Rock Distributed Along Groundwater Conductive Fractures and the Retardation Capacity in the Orogenic Field of Japan." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16332.
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In the orogenic field Japanese islands, there are wide areas of crystalline rocks that inevitably contain groundwater conductive fractures associated with alteration zones. However, little attention has been given to the formation process and possible influence on the radionuclides migration from radioactive waste repository that might be sited within crystalline rock. In particular, the influences of alteration minerals and microfractures, due to chemical sorption and/or physical retardation are required to assess the realistic barrier function. In order to understand the alteration process and the retardation capacity, detailed mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of altered crystalline rocks have been carried out. Mineralogical analysis reveals that the altered crystalline rocks have been formed through basically two stages of water-rock interaction during and after uplift. Physico-chemical characteristics including laboratory sorption experiments show that altered crystalline rock has a certain volume of accessible porosity, particularly in plagioclase grains, which would influence on nuclide retardation more than the accessible porosity in other minerals present, such as biotite. These results provide confidence that even altered and fractured parts of any crystalline rock that might be encountered in a site for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste may still play a role of barrier function.
Reports on the topic "Barrier capacity"
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Beck, Tanya, and Ping Wang. Morphodynamics of barrier-inlet systems in the context of regional sediment management, with case studies from West-Central Florida, USA. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41984.
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The temporal and spatial scales controlling the morphodynamics of barrier-inlet systems are critical components of regional sediment management practice. This paper discusses regional sediment management methods employed at multiple barrier-inlet systems, with case studies from West-Central Florida. A decision-support tool is proposed for regional sediment management with discussion of its application to barrier-inlet systems. Connecting multiple barrier islands and inlets at appropriate spatio-temporal scales is critical in developing an appropriately scoped sediment management plan for a barrier-inlet system. Evaluating sediment bypassing capacity and overall inlet morphodynamics can better inform regional sand sharing along barrier-inlet coastlines; particularly where sediment resources are scarce and a close coupling between inlet dredging and beach placement is vital to long-term sustainable management. Continued sea-level rise and anthropogenic activities may intensify the need for investigating longer-term processes and expanding regional planning at a centennial timescale and are acknowledged as challenging tasks for RSM studies. Specifically, we suggested that a regionally focused, multi-inlet study was necessary for management plan of individual inlet for the west-central Florida case studies. Key recommendations based on the case studies are included.
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Taddese, A. EdTech in Ghana: A Rapid Scan. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0030.
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EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private sector partnerships, and digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive; however, we hope they will serve as a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries and, in this case, Ghana. This report is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
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Upadhyay, Arjun, and Abeba Taddese. EdTech in Senegal: A Rapid Scan. EdTech Hub, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0037.
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EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private sector partnerships, and digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive. The aim is to provide a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries and, in this case, Liberia. This report is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
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Upadhyay, Arjun, and Abeba Taddese. EdTech in Liberia: A Rapid Scan. EdTech Hub, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0033.
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EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private sector partnerships, and digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive. The aim is to provide a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries and, in this case, Liberia. This report is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
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Otieno, J., and A. Taddese. EdTech in Kenya: A Rapid Scan. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0032.
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EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private-sector partnerships, and the digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive; however, we hope they will serve as a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries and, in this case, Kenya. This report was originally written in June 2020. It is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
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Groeneveld, Caspar, and Abeba Taddese. EdTech in Tanzania: A Rapid Scan. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0039.
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EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private-sector partnerships, and the digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive; however, we hope they will serve as a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries, in this case, Tanzania. This report was originally written in June 2020. It is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.
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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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Rojas Smith, Lucia, Megan L. Clayton, Carol Woodell, and Carol Mansfield. The Role of Patient Navigators in Improving Caregiver Management of Childhood Asthma. RTI Press, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.rr.0030.1704.
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Childhood asthma is a significant public health problem in the United States. Barriers to effective asthma management in children include the need for caregivers to identify and manage diverse environmental triggers and promote appropriate use of preventive asthma medications. Although health care providers may introduce asthma treatments and care plans, many providers lack the time and capacity to educate caregivers about asthma in an ongoing, sustained manner. To help address these complexities of asthma care, many providers and caregivers rely on patient navigators (defined as persons who provide patients with a particular set of services and who address barriers to care) (Dohan & Schrag, 2005). Despite growing interest in their value for chronic disease management, researchers and providers know little about how or what benefits patient navigators can provide to caregivers in managing asthma in children. To explore this issue, we conducted a mixed-method evaluation involving focus groups and a survey with caregivers of children with moderate-to-severe asthma who were enrolled in the Merck Childhood Asthma Network Initiative (MCAN). Findings suggest that patient navigators may support children’s asthma management by providing individualized treatment plans and hands-on practice, improving caregivers’ understanding of environmental triggers and their mitigation, and giving clear, accessible instructions for proper medication management. Study results may help to clarify and further develop the role of patient navigators for the effective management of asthma in children.
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Birch, Izzy. Financial Incentives to Reduce Female Infanticide, Child Marriage and Promote Girl’s Education: Institutional and Monitoring Mechanisms. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.005.
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The focus of this paper is on the complementary mechanisms and interventions likely to increase the effectiveness and impact of conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in South Asia that aim to reduce female infanticide and child marriage and promote girls’ education. The literature on the institutional aspects of these particular schemes is limited, but from this and from the wider literature on CCT programmes in similar contexts, the following institutional mechanisms are likely to enhance success: a strong information and communication strategy that enhances programme reach and coverage and ensures stakeholder awareness; advance agreements with financial institutions; a simple and flexible registration process; appropriate use of technology to strengthen access, disbursement, and oversight; adequate implementation capacity to support processes of outreach, enrolment, and monitoring; monitoring and accountability mechanisms embedded in programme design; coordination mechanisms across government across social protection schemes; an effective management information system; and the provision of quality services in the sectors for which conditions are required. There is a very limited body of evidence that explores these institutional issues as they apply to the specific CCT programmes that are the focus of this report, however, there is more available evidence of the potential impact of ‘cash-plus’ programmes, which complement the transfers with other interventions designed to enhance their results or address the structural barriers to well-being
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.
Full textAbstract:
At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.