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Books on the topic 'Barrier capacity'
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1
Clark, Graham. Barriers to service quality: The capacity, quality, productivity balance. Cranfield: Cranfield School of Management, 1991.
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2
Johnson, Leland L. Use of excess capacity in international telecommunications to deter competitive entry. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1988.
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3
Barham, Brad. A sequential entry model with strategic use of excess capacity. Kingston, Ont., Canada: Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University, 1991.
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4
Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Project. Pacific regional energy assessment 2004: An assessment of the key energy issues, barriers to the development of renewable energy to mitigate climate change, and capacity development needs for removing the barriers. Apia, Samoa]: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004.
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5
Mullick, Anjali, and Jonathan Martin. An introduction to advance care planning: practice at the frontline. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0003.
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Advance care planning (ACP) is a process of formal decision-making that aims to help patients establish decisions about future care that take effect when they lose capacity. In our experience, guidance for clinicians rarely provides detailed practical advice on how it can be successfully carried out in a clinical setting. This may create a barrier to ACP discussions which might otherwise benefit patients, families and professionals. The focus of this paper is on sharing our experience of ACP as clinicians and offering practical tips on elements of ACP, such as triggers for conversations, communication skills, and highlighting the formal aspects that are potentially involved. We use case vignettes to better illustrate the application of ACP in clinical practice.
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Macauley, Robert C. Ethics of Child and Adolescent Palliative Care (DRAFT). Edited by Robert C. Macauley. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0013.
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Over the course of childhood a patient’s decision-making capacity evolves. While eighteen is the age of majority in most states, younger patients may well have the ability to process information and make informed decisions. At the same time, the “dual process theory” of maturation reveals that emotional considerations may outweigh cognitive ones. Physicians must understand how to respond to parental requests for nondisclosure of diagnosis and prognosis, as well as differences of opinion between the patient and parents as to appropriate treatment options. Even when a child agrees with her parents regarding a treatment plan, this may reflect undue influence rather than voluntariness. And even when a treatment has a favorable benefit/burden ratio, an adolescent’s refusal may present such a logistical barrier that a modified treatment plan may need to be implemented.
7
Roberts, Simon. Barriers to Entry and Implications for Competition Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0012.
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Competition requires rivals. While this rivalry may come from imports, the development of local capabilities and productive capacity for rivalry, including by black industrialists in the South African context, means understanding the barriers to entry that local producers must overcome. Barriers to entry are also critical for the correct balance between the risks of over- and under-enforcement and are one reason why it has been recommended that countries should adopt different standards for competition evaluation. This chapter draws on studies of barriers to entry in different markets in South Africa to consider the nature and extent of these barriers and the implications for competition policy. It highlights issues related to regulatory barriers, consumer switching costs and branding, routes to market, and vertical integration, as well as economies of scale and access to finance.
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National capacity-building in selected ESCWA member countries in view of technical barriers to trade and the WTO agreements. New York: United Nations, 2001.
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9
United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia., ed. National capacity-building in selected ESCWA member countries in view of technical barriers to trade and the WTO agreements. New York: United Nations, 2001.
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10
Valentine, Scott. Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.001.0001.
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The wind power development policy community faces a conundrum. On the one hand, as the most commercially viable form of utility-scale renewable energy, the wind power industry has experienced in excess of ten-fold growth in total installed capacity over the past decade. On the other hand, installed wind power capacity still accounts for less than 2% of global electricity-generation capacity, despite the prevalence of studies indicating that, in certain situations, wind power can be a cheaper form of electricity than most fossil fuel alternatives. Accordingly, the most puzzling aspect of wind power development policy can be summed up in the following manner: given the global imperative to facilitate an expedient transition away from CO2-intensive energy technologies and the commercial viability of wind power, what is stopping the wind power industry from capturing higher market shares around the world? In Wind Power Politics and Policy, Scott Valentine examines this question from two angles. First, it presents an analysis of social, technical, economic and political (STEP) barriers which research shows tends to stymie wind power development. Case studies which examine phlegmatic wind power development in Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Canada are presented in order to demonstrate to the reader how these barriers manifest themselves in practice. Second, the book presents an analysis of STEP catalysts which have been linked to successful growth of wind power capacity in select nations. Four more case studies that examine the successful development of wind power in Denmark, Germany, the USA and China are put forth as practical examples of how supportive factors conflate to produce conditions that are conducive to growth of wind power markets. By examining its impediments and catalysts, the book will provide policymakers with insight into the types of factors that must be effectively managed in order to maximize wind power development.
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Kumar, Rajiv. The Private Sector. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.18.
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This chapter examines the role of the Indian private sector in shaping the country’s foreign policy. It argues that the private sector has limited experience and capacity to influence the course of foreign policy. Barring certain areas such as Information Technology and IT enabled services, the private sector has not impacted much on India’s engagement with other countries and international institutions. Although the private sector plays an increasing role in Track II initiatives, its role in shaping policy remains limited. The chapter analyses the reasons for this and contends that the private sector needs to enhance its own capacity before it call pull its weight on matters of foreign policy. In any event, as India’s economy integrates ever more deeply with the global economy, the Indian private sector will play an increasingly important role in framing and enabling India’s external relations.
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Plough, Alonzo L. Community Resilience. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197559383.001.0001.
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Community Resilience: Equitable Practices for an Uncertain Future presents rich research findings, enlivened by stories of lived experience, to reflect on the forces that nurture resilience and promote health equity. This volume lifts up the value of innovation and engagement to build the community power essential to making change. In this fifth volume of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health series, chapters highlight the importance of resilience, or the capacity of a dynamic system, such as a community, to anticipate and adapt successfully to challenges. Whether stressors are acute (e.g. a storm, an environmental disaster, an abuse of police power) or chronic (e.g. those engendered by poverty and racism), local innovation and community engagement are key to nurturing resilience and promoting health equity. Community Resilience positions storytelling and narrative shifts as essential to influencing our perceptions of who deserves empathy or support, and who does not, by examining the systemic barriers to resilience and the opportunities to reshape the landscape to overcome those barriers. The central message of this volume—across immigration or imprisonment, opioids or trauma, housing or disaster preparedness—is that we must act intentionally to support a shift in power to communities.
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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. Introducing the ARC Organizational Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the ARC model of three core strategies for developing effective human service organizations. These include (1) embedding guiding organizational principles, (2) providing organizational component tools for identifying and addressing service barriers, and (3) developing shared mental models. ARC’s strategies provide the tools and the reasoning to guide behaviors and processes among organizational members that ensure improved service quality and outcomes. These strategies are reviewed as part of ARC’s orchestrated and structured process to improve OSC (i.e., the cultures and climates that influence attitudes, decision making and behavior in organizations). The chapter identifies mechanisms of change that highlight the alignment of organizational priorities with the ARC principles, fostering relationships that provide availability, responsiveness, and continuity, as well as developing innovation capacity to adopt new technologies and approaches.
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Riekmann, Sonja Puntscher. The Struggle for and against Globalization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808893.003.0013.
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With the exception of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment, never before have international trade agreements encountered such fierce opposition as ACTA, CETA, TTIP, and TPP. Public protest has become vociferous on both sides of the Atlantic, while political parties of various colour, parliaments, and even some governments follow suit. Growing numbers of citizens feel uneasy about their capacity to democratically voice their opinion, claim their rights, and advocate their interests in a world increasingly framed by international trade agreements stealthily negotiated among anonymous bureaucracies. Given that trade agreements no longer just lower or abolish tariff barriers, but regulate a number of policy fields, citizens suspect important shifts of power, and they are asking who represents whom in pertinent negotiations and to whose advantage. This chapter concludes by advocating the strengthening of representative democracy and greater responsiveness of elected officials as a possible solution.
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Churchill, David. Crime Control and the Police. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797845.003.0004.
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This chapter assesses the impact of policing on urban crime control. It argues that the protection of property was central to the practice of preventative policing, and that the growth of the police significantly enhanced the state’s capacity to control urban property crime. Nevertheless, police efforts to combat theft obtained only limited purchase, and ultimately failed to live up to public expectations. Having demonstrated that the criminal statistics do not provide a reliable measure of crime trends, the chapter exposes the barriers to police effectiveness in crime control, particularly the scale and scope of opportunity for theft which the Victorian city presented, and limitations on resources which undermined the operation of the preventative policing strategy. The result was an enforcement gap in responding to urban property crime, which provided an incentive for autonomous civilian participation in crime control.
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Baldridge, David, Joy Beattie, Alison M. Konrad, and Mark E. Moore. People with Disabilities. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.21.
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Disability status continues to have a significant negative impact on employment outcomes, even in countries with nondiscrimination policies, and outcomes differ by gender and age. These subpar outcomes can be linked to both environmental and psychological factors. The design of jobs and workplaces often limits the ability of workers with disabilities to contribute to their fullest capacity, while stigmatization reduces employer willingness to hire workers with disabilities and make reasonable accommodations to allow them to perform effectively. Exclusion and stigmatization create barriers to the development of a positive self-identity as a person with a disability. Considerably more research is needed to understand how the actions of organizations, leaders, and teams affect the employment outcomes of workers with disabilities and how impacts differ by gender and age. But based upon extant knowledge, there are many actions employers can take to improve outcomes for this group of workers.
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Vernon, Martin J. Advance care planning for an ageing population. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0005.
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Population ageing is driven by declining fertility and improved life expectancy. As people survive to later life with multiple long-term conditions, advance care planning ACP) is of increasing importance to those wishing to retain control over their end-of-life care. Understanding disability trajectories for people can assist with advance care planning, mindful that older people living with frailty have increased risk of acute and unexpected health decline. Routine frailty identification by severity in older people can prompt care planning in anticipation of health decline and imminent lost capacity to make important decisions. Recognizing potential professional and organizational barriers to advance carer planning for older people could also improve its uptake. Guided serious illness conversations could assist this process over time for older people and those important to them. In care homes and among people with dementia ACP is also likely to be beneficial.
18
St John, Taylor. Why is Exit So Hard? Positive Feedback and Institutional Persistence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0009.
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Chapter eight analyzes why institutions persist, even when they generate unintended consequences for the states that created them. The chapter sets out a typology of possible actions that governments can take to exit from investor–state arbitration. To date, governments have engaged in remarkably little exit. The second section explores how positive feedback has created a new constituency of law firms and investors with an interest in arbitration and therefore has led to a new politics of ISDS. The third section discusses other types of feedback that have stabilized and developed a dense web of commitments enshrining investor–state arbitration. The fourth section observes that over time, competitive dynamics emerged and define investor–state arbitration today: competition between law firms, arbitration organizations, and even jurisdictions hoping to host arbitrations makes exit and reform more difficult. The barriers to exit may be highest for capacity-constrained states.
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Casarett, David. Ethical issues in palliative care research. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0196.
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Recent growth in palliative care research has created a heterogeneous field that encompasses both qualitative and quantitative techniques, and descriptive as well as interventional study designs. Despite the valuable knowledge that has been produced by this research, and the promise of future important advances, its progress has been impeded by a persistent uncertainty about the ethics of these studies. For instance, there have been concerns raised about whether patients near the end of life should ever be asked to participate in research, although others have objected to this extreme position. Nevertheless, the combination of ethical and practical issues can create substantial barriers to palliative care research. This chapter discusses five ethical aspects of palliative care research that investigators and clinicians should consider in designing and conducting palliative care research. These include (1) the study’s potential benefits to future patients, (2) the study’s potential benefits to subjects, (3) the study’s risks to subjects, (4) subjects’ decision-making capacity, and (5) the voluntariness of subjects’ choices about research participation.
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Baer, Madeline. Stemming the Tide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693152.001.0001.
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The human right to water and sanitation emerged as a rallying cry for protestors and a legal tool to challenge privatization of water services. This book explores how the right to water and sanitation is fulfilled in different contexts, whether neoliberal policies like privatization pose a threat to the right to water, and whether rights fulfillment leads to meaningful social change. It analyzes the global dynamics of water governance as well as two in-depth country case studies: Chile, the most extreme case of water privatization in the developing world, and Bolivia, the site of the “water wars” that sparked a global movement for the human right to water. An analysis of state capacity, political will, and citizen participation in the case studies reveals that the minimum standard for the right to water and sanitation can be achieved in the absence of political will, and even in a privatized setting. However, achieving this requires strong state capacity, which runs counter to neoliberal logics. Furthermore, the broader standard for the right to water and sanitation requires citizen participation, accountability, and respect for alternatives to the state/market binary. The book argues that a human rights-based approach to water policy will not necessarily lead to social transformation because of the limits of the rights frame itself and preexisting barriers in each local context. The analysis draws from and modifies an analytical framework for evaluating socioeconomic rights realization. In this way, the book builds theory on socioeconomic human rights realization and social transformation.
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Hobson, John, and Julia Smedley, eds. Fitness for Work. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198808657.001.0001.
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Fitness for Work gathers together specialist advice on the medical aspects of employment, covering the majority of medical conditions that are likely to be encountered in the working population. The aim is to inform the best occupational health advice to employers, managers, and others about the impact of a patient’s health on work and how they can be supported to gain or remain in work. The book also emphasizes the benefits to health and well-being from work. A main objective of the book is to reduce inappropriate barriers to work for those who have overcome injury and disease or who live with chronic conditions. The first half of the book deals with the general principles applying to fitness to work and occupational health practice. This includes legal aspects, ethical principles, health promotion, health surveillance, and general principles of rehabilitation. There are also chapters dealing with sickness absence, ill health retirement, medication, transport, vibration, and travel. The second half of the book is arranged in chapters according to clinical specialty or topic, written jointly by two specialists, one of whom is an occupational physician. Each specialty chapter outlines the conditions covered, including their prevalence and impact, discusses the clinical aspects including treatment that affects work capacity, notes rehabilitation requirements or special needs in the workplace, discusses problems that may arise at work and necessary work restrictions, and includes any current advisory or statutory medical standards. The recommendations are evidence based and make use of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines and recent and relevant systematic reviews where available.
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Wilson, Robyn S., Sarah M. McCaffrey, and Eric Toman. Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk Mitigation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.570.
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Throughout the late 19th century and most of the 20th century, risks associated with wildfire were addressed by suppressing fires as quickly as possible. However, by the 1960s, it became clear that fire exclusion policies were having adverse effects on ecological health, as well as contributing to larger and more damaging wildfires over time. Although federal fire policy has changed to allow fire to be used as a management tool on the landscape, this change has been slow to take place, while the number of people living in high-risk wildland–urban interface communities continues to increase. Under a variety of climate scenarios, in particular for states in the western United States, it is expected that the frequency and severity of fires will continue to increase, posing even greater risks to local communities and regional economies.Resource managers and public safety officials are increasingly aware of the need for strategic communication to both encourage appropriate risk mitigation behavior at the household level, as well as build continued public support for the use of fire as a management tool aimed at reducing future wildfire risk. Household decision making encompasses both proactively engaging in risk mitigation activities on private property, as well as taking appropriate action during a wildfire event to protect personal safety. Very little research has directly explored the connection between climate-related beliefs, wildfire risk perception, and action; however, the limited existing research suggests that climate-related beliefs have little direct effect on wildfire-related action. Instead, action appears to depend on understanding the benefits of different mitigation actions and in engaging the public in interactive, participatory communication programs that build trust between the public and natural resource managers. A relatively new line of research focuses on resource managers as critical decision makers in the risk management process, pointing to the need to thoughtfully engage audiences other than the lay public to improve risk management.Ultimately, improving the decision making of both the public and managers charged with mitigating the risks associated with wildfire can be achieved by carefully addressing several common themes from the literature. These themes are to (1) promote increased efficacy through interactive learning, (2) build trust and capacity through social interaction, (3) account for behavioral constraints and barriers to action, and (4) facilitate thoughtful consideration of risk-benefit tradeoffs. Careful attention to these challenges will improve the likelihood of successfully managing the increasing risks that wildfire poses to the public and ecosystems alike in a changing climate.