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1
Ponce, Barbaro Enrique. "Breaking down barriers." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23427.
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Koutani, Iliana. "Overcoming the barriers that elderly face in their local environment." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260960.
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The aim of this thesis project is to investigate the current situation of elderly life in Sweden with a primary focus on the city of Stockholm, regarding the housing situation and the local environment and how these can have an impact on the life quality of this population group. Accessibility towards housing and facilities that are required for everyday living, together with socialization where the two main themes studied. Background research on the current housing and service provision for the elderly was performed in order to get an estimate of the living conditions. This estimation was afterwards verified by questionnaire research combined with semi-structured interviews with twenty elderly residents from various areas of Stockholm. Another part of the research was a literature review on publications that have been presented in the past regarding age-friendly cities, active ageing and senior living in the public space which continues with a summary of policies and guidelines, followed internationally and locally. When combining the results from the literature review on the policies with the results from the questionnaires and the interviews it became apparent that a lot of the elderly needs are satisfied in the city of Stockholm, and generally they enjoy a good quality of life, with the current system of services for housing and socialization. The results also highlighted the problematic aspects such as the lack of information about the provided services, that make the elderly not able to consider changes that might be beneficial for them. The final goal is to provide some suggestions for designing future planning policies and their potential focus areas.
3
White, Robert W. "Designing a visible city for visually impaired users : breaking the barriers of disabling architecture." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13205.
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AGORAS, DIMITRIS. "Building Information Modeling (BIM) Adoption Barriers: An Architectural Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230639.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the latest development in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry. This development can be used for planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of any facility. The majority of the users of BIM technology are architects. Although its benefits had been highlighted and underlined especially in comparison with older developments such us Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools, its implementation is considered still in an early stage due to low adoption from architects. Right now in Sweden and more specifically in the Stockholm area, the construction sector is booming due to the increased demand for housing. Thus, there is an increased demand for more houses in a shorter time. BIM is a technology that can enhance the society in terms of design and construction with regard to the building environment. This can be achieved by avoiding human errors, decreasing project costs, increasing the productivity and quality, and reducing the project delivery time. Moreover, BIM can assist the management team in maintaining and operating different facilities. The focus of this research is on the barriers to adopting BIM technology in architectural companies. Furthermore, the attempt will be to investigate the individual, organizational and technical aspects that affect BIM adoption. This study will implement a qualitative research method by in-depth interviewing four professionals in the area of architectural design. This investigation will be driven by the main research question, which is: What are the barriers to adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) in architectural companies?
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Deniz, Ayca. "Opportunities And Barriers Of Architect Led Design Build Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615086/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS
OF ARCHITECT LED DESIGN-BUILD PROJECTS
Deniz,Ayça M.Sc. in Building Science, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Soofia Tahira Elias Ozkan September 2012, 77 pages From past to today, technological developments have resulted in new systems in parallel with digital age. Innovations have been started to be replaced with the traditional solutions. Standardizations have also started to be renewed in accordance with the high technology and complexity of the projects. Under these circumstances, design and construction activities have been separated in the construction industry. As a result, alternative project delivery systems have been developed and selecting the right delivery system has gained importance depending upon the complexity of the projects The main objective of this study was to propose a model that supports architect&rsquo
s leadership in design-build systems throughout an international airport project as a case study. Thus, construction industry will gain awareness for the organization structures in which architectural groups lead the other disciplines to achieve success in design-build systems considering time cost quality triangle. In this study, organization charts including project construction process and factors affecting design and construction activities were investigated. The matrix relationship in production level of the organization charts among the project disciplines has been analyzed. According to the evaluation of models reflecting the existing status, alternative models supporting architect&rsquo
s leadership are proposed.
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Alsaadani, Sara. "A mixed-methods exploration of non-technical barriers in collaboration for building performance simulation use in architectural decision-making." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/48197/.
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It is widely proposed that building performance simulation (BPS) software holds massive potential for architects; enabling them to empirically assess the impacts of design decisions based on energy-efficiency and performance. However, migration of BPS into the architectural world has been superseded with barriers. The majority of barriers identified in the literature are of a technical nature; related to limitations in software and difficulties experienced by architects when they attempt to use BPS tools. Instead, many architects rely on the services of specialists in BPS (BPS specialists), and collaborate with them to inform design decision-making. It is proposed in this thesis that alongside technical barriers, there may be additional non-technical barriers which arise when architects and BPS specialists collaborate. The aim of this thesis is therefore to extract these potential non-technical barriers and explore how they may threaten to reduce the potential for BPS to inform design decision-making. To fulfil this aim, a pragmatic mixed-methods approach from the social sciences is devised; consisting of both qualitative and quantitative instruments. The main findings of this thesis have been arrived at by integrating the outcomes of both qualitative and quantitative stages, and consist of some non-technical barriers specific to the England and Wales context. These include architects’ negative attitudes toward BPS, architects perceiving the primary purpose of BPS to be for compliance, trust dynamics and stereotyping between architects and BPS specialists and ineffective communication between the two groups. These findings illustrate that non-technical barriers do exist, and can be extracted using the proposed methods. Novel additions to the body of knowledge made by this contribution include the findings themselves and the methodological approach used to arrive at these findings, highlighting the usefulness of social science research methods for future BPS research.
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Delgado, Laura Ana. "Cognitive Barriers to Energy Efficient Decision Making in US Coast Guard Facility Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74954.
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Government agencies have attempted to reduce energy consumption using executive orders, mandates, and agency policies. Despite these efforts, overall energy consumption of government facilities has not experienced significant energy reductions. Why haven't these efforts succeeded? The premise is that energy consumption decisions and their unintended outcomes contribute to this problem, and in this manuscript research focuses on cognitive bias, choice architecture, and decision making in relation to energy decisions answer this question. Potential impacts cognitive bias has on the decision maker is examined, and if it is possible to design better decision environments to account for cognitive bias and help decision makers maximize benefits (utility). This manuscript first examines the literature of cognitive bias, choice architecture, and government energy management, especially how these topics relate to meeting the country's energy goals. The next chapter examines cognitive bias that government facility managers encounter using qualitative analysis. In this study, the research indicates facility managers encounter loss aversion, risk aversion, choice overload, and the status quo bias during energy decisions. The last chapter examines applications of choice architecture, specifically attribute framing, to emphasize the utility maximizing choice of long term energy reductions over initial cost. This study found that decision makers did not see the utility of the energy efficient option without an intervention to draw their attention to the long term savings. Once the decision makers became aware of the potential savings, they chose the most efficient (and utility maximizing) option.Master of Science
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Mogge, John W. Jr. "Breaking Through the First Cost Barriers to Sustainable Planning, Design and Construction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4831.
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Breaking Through the First Cost Barriers
of Sustainable Planning, Design, and Construction
John W. Mogge Jr.
377 Pages
Directed by Dr. Rita Oberle
The research integrates elements of the bodies of knowledge for sustainability, planning, design, and construction to create an understanding of green project first cost drivers. It extends conceptual models for sustainable infrastructure and the built environment process by creating a framework based linkage to analyze first cost impacts of sustainable project planning, design, and construction decisions. The framework functions as an analytical bridge between the built environment process and sustainability and is the principal contribution of this research. Through a preliminary analysis of fourteen projects, the work draws out relevant planning, materials and methods, and estimating and scheduling best practices and guiding principles. The work then proposes a first cost impact framework derived from the preliminary analysis as a decision support tool and tests the framework using an expert system derived linguistic database. The test results support the functionality of the framework. The test linguistic database was developed through an interdisciplinary professional expert practitioner interview process using common green project planning, design and construction strategies. The qualitative, interpretative, multi-criteria analysis of the data used fuzzy set theory and presents findings helpful in understanding green project first cost drivers. The work concludes with an assessment and a discussion of parallel research, and ten recommended areas for further research.
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Brecher, Emma. "Poll- otter architecture : For an urban environment sinking under layers of barriers : With focus on the boundary wall as an architectural medium to support the urban condition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63677.
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The area of investigation for this study
falls within a small urban island called
Westbury.
Situated 7km to the West of Johannesburg’s
CBD, it is isolated from the adjacent urban
fabric as a result of its historical and
also recent development. Westbury itself
also consists of a series of fragmented
islands with undefined boundaries, weak
urban blocks and a disorientated grid.
The area has recently been identified as
a high priority region for densification1
by the city of Johannesburg, supported
by transport-oriented infra-structural
investment.
The questions raised by this study are
contextualized against this backdrop.
How could densification in Westbury be
achieved towards the creation of a more
inter-connected, cohesive, accessible and
therefore sustainable urban environment?
Following from this:
How could Westbury be better integrated
with the immediate surrounding urban fabric
whilst combating its own fragmentation?
What is the role of urban blocks and
boundary conditions to help shape a future
more integrated Westbury, and also towards
meaningful place-making?
In what ways can architecture contribute
in order to improve the urban fabric that
operates on various scales: from the very
scale of the house to that of an urban
boundary to that of the urban block and
ultimately the greater urban network?
The hypothesis outlined in this study is
that architecture is too weak to stand in
isolation, that a network of buildings is
necessary to achieve a more sustainable,
accessible, cohesive, and inter-connected
urban environment. This is tested through
a rigorous analysis of boundary conditions
at different scales as reflected in the
urban blocks of Westbury and the resultant
architectural strategies.
Finally, a block and its attendant
boundaries is singled out to test the
architectural contribution towards
densification of the suburb, the making of
place, and better inter-connectivity.
The process is envisaged as driven from
both the scale at which urban issues inform
the architecture, and the reverse scale the
architecture in Westbury informs the urban
master plan. The architecture in style and
scale sets the conditions for the proposed
urban blocks. The boundary wall being the
medium where urban meets architecture.
“For these dreams to flourish
in reality, we must recognise
that there can be no ready-made
solutions in housing, no recipes orMini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
10
Karim, Hawzheen. "Road Design for Future Maintenance : Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vägteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5474.
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The cost of a road construction over its service life is a function of design, quality of construction as well as maintenance strategies and operations. An optimal life-cycle cost for a road requires evaluations of the above mentioned components. Unfortunately, road designers often neglect a very important aspect, namely, the possibility to perform future maintenance activities. Focus is mainly directed towards other aspects such as investment costs, traffic safety, aesthetic appearance, regional development and environmental effects. This doctoral thesis presents the results of a research project aimed to increase consideration of road maintenance aspects in the planning and design process. The following subgoals were established: Identify the obstacles that prevent adequate consideration of future maintenance during the road planning and design process; and Examine optimisation of life-cycle costs as an approach towards increased efficiency during the road planning and design process. The research project started with a literature review aimed at evaluating the extent to which maintenance aspects are considered during road planning and design as an improvement potential for maintenance efficiency. Efforts made by road authorities to increase efficiency, especially maintenance efficiency, were evaluated. The results indicated that all the evaluated efforts had one thing in common, namely ignorance of the interrelationship between geometrical road design and maintenance as an effective tool to increase maintenance efficiency. Focus has mainly been on improving operating practises and maintenance procedures. This fact might also explain why some efforts to increase maintenance efficiency have been less successful. An investigation was conducted to identify the problems and difficulties, which obstruct due consideration of maintainability during the road planning and design process. A method called “Change Analysis” was used to analyse data collected during interviews with experts in road design and maintenance. The study indicated a complex combination of problems which result in inadequate consideration of maintenance aspects when planning and designing roads. The identified problems were classified into six categories: insufficient consulting, insufficient knowledge, regulations and specifications without consideration of maintenance aspects, insufficient planning and design activities, inadequate organisation and demands from other authorities. Several urgent needs for changes to eliminate these problems were identified. One of the problems identified in the above mentioned study as an obstacle for due consideration of maintenance aspects during road design was the absence of a model for calculating life-cycle costs for roads. Because of this lack of knowledge, the research project focused on implementing a new approach for calculating and analysing life-cycle costs for roads with emphasis on the relationship between road design and road maintainability. Road barriers were chosen as an example. The ambition is to develop this approach to cover other road components at a later stage. A study was conducted to quantify repair rates for barriers and associated repair costs as one of the major maintenance costs for road barriers. A method called “Case Study Research Method” was used to analyse the effect of several factors on barrier repairs costs, such as barrier type, road type, posted speed and seasonal effect. The analyses were based on documented data associated with 1625 repairs conducted in four different geographical regions in Sweden during 2006. A model for calculation of average repair costs per vehicle kilometres was created. Significant differences in the barrier repair costs were found between the studied barrier types. In another study, the injuries associated with road barrier collisions and the corresponding influencing factors were analysed. The analyses in this study were based on documented data from actual barrier collisions between 2005 and 2008 in Sweden. The result was used to calculate the cost for injuries associated with barrier collisions as a part of the socio-economic cost for road barriers. The results showed significant differences in the number of injuries associated with collisions with different barrier types. To calculate and analyse life-cycle costs for road barriers a new approach was developed based on a method called “Activity-based Life-cycle Costing”. By modelling uncertainties, the presented approach gives a possibility to identify and analyse factors crucial for optimising life-cycle costs. The study showed a great potential to increase road maintenance efficiency through road design. It also showed that road components with low investment costs might not be the best choice when including maintenance and socio-economic aspects. The difficulties and problems faced during the collection of data for calculating life-cycle costs for road barriers indicated a great need for improving current data collecting and archiving procedures. The research focused on Swedish road planning and design. However, the conclusions can be applied to other Nordic countries, where weather conditions and road design practices are similar. The general methodological approaches used in this research project may be applied also to other studies.
11
Miller, Jeffrey Rush. "Barrier and Threshold in Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35007.
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This thesis explores the role of barrier and threshold as a form of differentiation between objects and situations. Building elements such as façade, structure, and space become the means by which to distinguish between separate parts, functions, and experiences. Sited in downtown Washington D.C. the proposed office building becomes the permeable barrier between street and lawn. Within the building there is contrasting differentiation between service space and occupiable office space through the role of different building parts that make up an office building.Master of Architecture
12
Paul, Shiladitya. "Pore architecture in ceramic thermal barrier coatings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611885.
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Bingham, J. M. M. "Gut mucosal architecture and barrier function in chemotherapy induced mucositis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411063.
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Boleslavská, Yvona. "Pracovní (výrobní) prostředí bez bariér." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233272.
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This dissertation Barrier-free Work Environment examines and emphasizes some elements, which are projected and will be projected even more into architectural production – architect’s work. Buildings designed specially to create a working environment accessible for disabled people are of a current interest and they will become a very prominent subject of social development in the future, because it will be necessary to react sensitively to the disproportions in human abilities and in the society’s capability to create new workplaces, implement progressive technologies, computer systems, and last but not least, to react to new possibilities of people’s creative invention. This thesis is based on the key definitions for this topic – the terms health and handicap. It is aimed at the ethics of communication in a society and its perception by a person with some kind of disability – handicap. This thesis also analyzes the limits of human possibilities in the context of contemporary and future progressive technologies. The topic of accessible workplaces necessarily derives from the historical development of workplaces, and it indicates the future trends of development. An important part of this thesis is concerned with the conditions for creating a friendly working environment, not only from the aspect of the construction itself, but mainly by the interior design, its flexible furniture, and special work tools not only for the handicapped. This dissertation and its contribution to the scholarly research are based on evaluation of an opinion survey, whose respondents were companies employing handicapped people. The analysis and consequent synthesis of the answers given by the employers of the disadvantaged people brought pieces of information, which are summarized in conclusions and recommendations.
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Fan, Meng-lun Helen. "Planning for the handicapped to provide a barrier-free environment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17095244.
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Kotze, Michelle. "Loftus metrorail station : from barrier to catalyst." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11252008-113847.
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Gruber, Markus. "Molecular dissection of the yeast replication fork barrier : I: architecture of the stalled replication fork : II: in vitro reconstitution of the replication fork barrier /." Zürich, 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13442.
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McGlohn, Emily, and Emily McGlohn. "A Comparative Study of Climate Based Design of Building Enclosures." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12348.
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This thesis attempts to determine if misconception about vapor retarders and air barrier systems affects building enclosure design and construction. Literature on this subject is continually evolving and often contradictory, supporting confusion. A survey of designers and builders representing four climate zones within the United States was done. Respondents disclosed where they learned about building enclosures and shared how clear or confusing they think the resources are on this subject and also weighed in on a few basic principles about enclosure design. Results show that most building professionals learn about enclosures through experience or a colleague. The internet is the first written resource they use when questions arise. The most significant misconceptions identified are that in some cases vapor retarder placement does not follow accepted building science or code requirements and that a portion of respondents only consider the air barrier system the vertical surfaces of an enclosure.
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Delon, Elodie. "Procédé dual de mise en forme de barrières thermiques architecturées (durabilité, résistance aux CMAS) et de réparation de barrières thermiques endommagées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30334/document.
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Dans le secteur aéronautique en pleine expansion, les préoccupations environnementales prennent une place de plus en plus importante. Les motoristes recherchent des solutions innovantes pour augmenter les rendements tout en diminuant les coûts. Dans cette perspective, de nouveaux systèmes de barrières thermiques synthétisés par la voie sol-gel à partir de poudres commerciales, de céramiques avec différents facteurs de forme et d'agents porogènes ont été mis en œuvre et évalués. Certains systèmes présentent une durée de vie de plus de 1000 cycles en oxydation cyclique. Malgré tout, cet accroissement des températures de fonctionnement des moteurs, induit une élévation des températures de surfaces des barrières thermiques et peut générer de nouvelles dégradations du système complet : la corrosion à hautes températures par les CMAS. Pour pallier ces inconvénients, il est possible de développer des revêtements anti-CMAS, susceptibles de réagir avec les composés CMAS avant qu'ils n'aient un effet néfaste sur l'intégrité de la barrière thermique. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement aux revêtements sacrificiels anti-CMAS à base d'yttrine et de systèmes pyrochlore, qui ont été testés sur des barrières thermiques industrielles de type EBPVD. Par ailleurs, les procédés que nous avons développés, basés sur la voie sol-gel, nous permettent, de par leur facilité de mise en œuvre, d'envisager des perspectives prometteuses en termes de réparabilité des barrières thermiques endommagées. En effet, compte tenu du coût élevé de fabrication des pièces, les aubes devraient être réparées plusieurs fois avant d'être mises au rebut. Dans ce travail, un procédé de mise en forme a été évalué dans ce sens. Il s'agit de l'électrophorèse qui est une technique bien adaptée au dépôt sur pièces complexes. L'objectif de ces investigations a donc été double : tout d'abord créer de nouveaux systèmes de barrières thermiques avec des propriétés anti-CMAS par électrophorèse puis réparer les barrières thermiques EBPVD endommagées et leur déposer une couche protectrice anti-CMAS par ce même procédé. Cet aspect " procédé " sera abordé en dernière partie de ces travauxIn the aeronautics sector, environmental concerns are becoming increasingly important. Engine manufacturers are looking for innovative solutions to increase efficiency while lowering costs. The objective is to optimize thermal conductivity and durability with the cyclic oxidation resistance. In this perspective, new thermal barrier systems synthesized by the sol-gel route from commercial powders, ceramics with various form factors and pore-forming agents have been implemented and evaluated. Some systems are a lifetime higher than 1000 cycles in cyclic oxidation. However, this increase in the operating temperatures of the engines induces an increase in the temperature of the surfaces of the thermal barriers and can generate further degradations of the complete system: the corrosion by CMAS. To overcome these disadvantages, it is possible to develop anti-CMAS coatings capable of reacting with CMAS compounds before they have a detrimental effect on the integrity of the thermal barrier. In this study, we were particularly interested in anti-CMAS protective coatings based on yttria and pyrochlore systems, which were tested on industrial thermal barriers realized by EBPVD. Moreover, the processes we have developed, based on the sol-gel path, allow us, because of their ease of implementation, to envisage promising prospects in terms of repair of damaged thermal barriers. Indeed, given the high cost of manufacturing parts, the blades should be repaired several times before being discarded. In this work, a shaping process has been evaluated in this direction. This is electrophoretic deposition which is a technique allowing to deposit on complex parts. The objective of these investigations was therefore twofold: firstly to create new thermal barrier systems with anti-CMAS properties by electrophoretic deposition and then to repair the damaged EBPVD thermal barriers and to deposit an anti-CMAS protective layer by this same process. This "process" aspect will be discussed at the end of this work
20
Bakar, Asra, and Georgi Mousi. "Solceller integrerade i anläggningskonstruktioner : En studie av hur solceller kan integreras i transportsektorns nyproduktion." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232126.
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Med ett alltmer miljömedvetet samhälle finner vi idag ett ökande intresse för tillämpningen av effektiva energiförsörjningssystem. Ett av tillvägagångssätten för detta är att utnyttja solenergi, vilket möjliggörs med solceller. Solceller kan kortfattat beskrivas som en komponent vilket syftar i att omvandla solenergi till elektricitet. Denna teknik har på senare år blivit ett incitament för byggherrar att uppnå kraven för diverse miljöcertifieringar, där solceller används som byggnadsmaterial vid nyproduktion och renoveringar. De konstruktioner där solceller har använts brukar gemensamt kallas för solcellsanläggningar, beroende på solcellstyp kan dessa delas in i byggnadsapplicerade (BAPV) och byggnadsintegrerade (BIPV). Med hjälp av litteraturstudier, fallstudier, intervjuer samt workshop och observationer har det utförts en undersökning med fokus på byggnadsintegrerade solceller (BIPV). Undersökningen verkställdes med avsikten att granska den potentiella utsträckningen som byggnadsintegrerade solceller kan implementeras inom transportsektorns nyproduktion. Avhandlingens huvudsakliga mål är att förse uppdragsgivaren med förslag på tillämpningsområden för byggnadsintegrerade solceller till nyproduktion, där eventuella hänsyn har tagits till byggteknik och arkitektur. Dessutom menar rapporten att bidra till bildningen av en uppfattning kring solceller som byggnadsmaterial. Resultatet som påvisades från undersökningen är att det finns möjligheter för BIPV att implementeras i anläggningskonstruktioner inom transportsektorn. Bland dessa konstruktioner är bullerskärmar och teknikhus för järnvägar. Dessutom konstateras att de byggtekniska faktorer som bör beaktas vid nyproduktion med BIPV är orientering och lutning, likaså skuggning och ventilation. För arkitektoniska faktorer gäller att konstruktionen är estetiskt tilltalande, har en god komposition med färg och material, passar det synliga rutnätets motiv, den är kontextualiserad och väl projekterad samt att den har en innovativ design. I avhandlingen framkommer även möjligheter och hinder vid projektering med solceller. Resultaten visar att möjligheterna för BIPV är förutom att den utgör ett byggnadsskal, så har den även en energiavkastning till skillnad från traditionella byggnadsmaterial. Dessutom är BIPV ett ekonomiskt och ekologiskt hållbart alternativ. De identifierade hindren relaterar till aktörers brist på kunskap i solcellstekniken, vilket försvårar deras arbeten. Studiens slutsats är att det finns en potential att implementera solcellstekniken i Sverige, dock är den mer lönsam för större anläggningskonstruktioner. Då bullerskärmar och teknikhus förekommer kontinuerligt längs svenska motor-och järnvägar ses detta som ett incitament till att integrera dessa med solceller. Slutsatsen är även att vissa hinder som uppstår vid produktion och underhåll kan undvikas redan vid projekteringsskedet.With a society that is becoming more environmentally conscious, we now find a growing interest in the application of efficient energy supply systems. One of the approaches for this is to utilize solar energy, which is possible with photovoltaics (PV) also known as solar cells. PV can briefly be described as a component which aims to convert solar energy into electricity. This technology has in recent years been an incentive for constructions companies and project owners to achieve the requirements for various environmental certifications. Photovoltaic technology can be used in building materials for new productions or renovations. Building structures where PV has been utilized are commonly referred to as solar systems. Depending on the solar cell type, these can be divided into building applied photovoltaics (BAPV) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). With the help of literature research, interviews, case studies as well as workshop and observations, a study has been carried out which focuses on building integrated photovoltaic. The study was conducted with the intention to examine the potential extent that building integrated photovoltaics can be implemented in the transport sectors new production. The main aim of the dissertation is to provide with proposals for areas of application for BIPV, where construction technology and architecture is specifically taken into consideration. This dissertation also intends to contribute to the formation of an idea of photovoltaics as a building material. The result shown by the study is that there are opportunities for BIPV to be implemented in the transport sectors production of new constructions. Among these constructions are noise barriers and service houses for railways. In addition, it is noted that factors which regard PV building technology are orientation and tilt as well as shading and ventilation. The architectural factor that are considered when designing with BIPV is that the design of the construction needs to be aesthetically appealing, have a good composition with color and material, suitable with the visible grid's theme, it also needs to be contextualized and carefully planned. It is also required for BIPV constructions to have an innovative design. The dissertation also reveals possibilities and obstacles when designing with solar cells. The results show that the promises for BIPV come in the form of economic and ecological sustainability. The identified barriers relate to lack of knowledge in solar technology, which complicates the work of the involved operatives. The study's conclusion is that there is a potential for implementing PV technology in Sweden, but it is more profitable for larger constructions. However noise barriers and service houses for railways, occur continuously along Swedish roads and railways, therefore they are large in quantity. The large quantity of these constructions should be an incentive to implement BIPV in these constructions. In addition, it is stated that certain obstacles arising from production and maintenance can be avoided as early as in the design stage.
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Rieux, Alissia. "Transport sédimentaire et architecture de barrières littorales silico-bioclastiques : une approche par modélisation physique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC268/document.
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Les environnements côtiers se caractérisent en de très nombreux endroits, depuis les zones tropicales jusqu’à des latitudes tempérées à froides, par des sédiments qui sont constitués d’un mélange de particules silicoclastiques et bioclastiques. Les processus de transport qui s’opèrent dans ces environnements dits "mixtes" sont difficiles à quantifier et modéliser compte tenu des différences de comportement hydrodynamique entre les particules silicoclastiques,souvent de forme sub-sphérique, et les particules bioclastiques dont les formes sont beaucoup plus complexes. En lien avec cette problématique, l’objectif général de la thèse est d’évaluer si des modifications de la composition de sédiments mixtes peut avoir un impact significatif sur la dynamique du trait de côte, et plus spécifiquement sur les modalités de construction des barrières littorales. Pour répondre à cet objectif une approche expérimentale a été choisie. Des expérimentations en érodimètre sous courant unidirectionnel mettent en évidence le comportement singulier des débris bioclastiques par rapport à des particules silicoclastiques, et surtout des différences significatives de comportement entre des bioclastes provenant de diverses espèces de mollusques. Ces résultats pourraient permettre notamment d’améliorer les modèles numériques de transport sédimentaire. Des expérimentations dans un grand canal à houle montrent clairement que des barrières littorales reconstituées à partir de mélanges en proportions variables de sédiments silicoclastiques et bioclastiques ont des caractéristiques morphologiques et des architectures internes différentes. Les barrières très bioclastiques sont plus hautes et moins larges que les barrières contenant plus de particules silicoclastiques. Ces conclusions suggèrent qu’une augmentation en apports bioclastiques pourrait avoir un effetpositif sur la stabilité des barrières littoralesIn many areas, coastal environments, from tropical to temperate-cold zones, are characterizedby mixed sediments, i.e. made of a mixture of siliciclastic and biogenic particles. Processes oftransport that occur in these so-called "mixed" environments are difficult to quantify and modeldue to the differences in hydrodynamic behaviour between siliciclastic particles, generally ofsub-spherical shape, and bioclastic particles the shape of which is very complex. The presentPhD work is related to this topic and aims in evaluating if changes in the composition ofmixed sediments can impact significantly the dynamics of the coastline, and more specificallythe construction modes of coastal barriers. To reach this objective an experimental approachhas been developed. Experiments in unidirectional current flume (erodimeter) highlight thesingular behaviour of bioclastic debris in comparison with that of siliciclastic particles, as wellas significant differences in behavior between bioclasts from various mollusc species. Theseresults could help in improving numerical models of natural sediment transport. Experimentsin a large wave flume clearly show that coastal barriers reconstructed from mixtures of varyingproportions of siliciclastic and bioclastic sediments have different morphological characteristicsand internal architectures. Barriers with high content in bioclastic debris are thicker andnarrower compared to barriers containing more siliciclastic particles. These findings suggestthat an increase in bioclastic inputs may have a positive effect on the stability of littoral barriers
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Billy, Julie. "Morphologie et architecture d'une barrière composite paraglaciaire : l'isthme de Miquelon-Langlade (N- O Atlantique)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1214/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif d’établir une vision globale et continue mer-terre-mer d’une barrière littorale paraglaciaire, en combinant une approche morphologique et architecturale. L’originalité de l’isthme de Miquelon-Langlade (NO Atlantique) entre les deux îles éponymes réside en sa diversité et complexité de systèmes (flèches, cordons littoraux, lagune) qui s’emboitent formant une barrière composite évoluant le long de deux façades ouvertes sur l’océan. Ce travail a été rendu possible grâce à l’association de données topographiques (GPS-RTK), de géophysique marine (sismique HR) et terrestre (géo-radar), sédimentaires (carottes, échantillons de surface) ainsi que des datations par OSL. L’étude de cette barrière a permis 1) d’identifier l’ensemble des dépôts d’une séquence paraglaciaire (dépôts de chute, bas niveau, augmentation et haut niveau marin); 2) de pointer l’importance de la géométrie des îles, du substratum rocheux ainsi que de la topographie héritée dans la formation de la barrière; 3) de définir l’architecture interne de beach ridges mixte sable-galet; et 4) de pointer le potentiel de ces systèmes en tant marqueur du paléo-niveau marin tout en proposant la première courbe de tendance de l’évolution du RSL pour l’Archipel de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon sur les derniers 3000 ans (+1mm/an). L’association de l’ensemble de ces informations a permis de proposer un schéma de mise en place de la barrière, depuis le retrait de la calotte (13 700 ans) jusqu’à sa forme actuelle, évoluant dans un contexte d’augmentation du RSL et de fort apport sédimentaire, tout en proposant une vision de détail de la formation de la plaine de beach ridges au cours des derniers 3000 ansThe purpose of this PhD thesis was to define a complete and continuous sea-land-sea view of a paraglacial coastal barrier system, combining morphological and architectural approaches. Particularity of the Miquelon-Langlade isthmus (NO Atlantic) lies in its diversity and complexity of systems (spits, beach ridges, and lagoon) that fit together to form a composite barrier prograding along two open coasts. Investigations of this barrier included topographic (RTK-GPS), ground-penetrating radar (GPR) seismic, sedimentary (cores, augers, samples) and chronologic (OSL) data collections. This study of this paraglacial composite barrier make possible 1) to characterize all deposits of the paraglacial sequence (FSST, LST, TST, HST); 2) to emphasize the primary influence of islands geometry, bedrock and inherited topography on the coastal progradational pattern; 3) to provide a better understanding of the internal architecture of depositional processes and driving mechanisms of mixed sand-and-gravel beach ridges; 4) to examine the potential of these mixed beach-ridge systems to record and preserve paleo-sea-level information, to produce the first sea level trends for the Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon archipelago over the last 3000 years. The combination of all these data provide a model of development of the barrier since the ice sheet retreat (13 700 yrs) to its present form, in a context of RSL rise and high local glaciogenic sediment supply, and a detailed view of the formation of the beach ridge plain over the last 3000 yrs
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Fan, Meng-lun Helen, and 范夢倫. "Planning for the handicapped to provide a barrier-free environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259133.
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Obrochta, Stephen P. "Australian Great Barrier Reef initiation timing constrained by seaward shallow-water sediment drift architecture (ODP Leg 194, Marion Plateau)." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000423.
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LaRoche, Lealan Dorothy Marie. "Rethinking downtown highways." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37180.
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Freeways have had a strong influence not only on the urban transportation but also on downtown areas both physically and socially. Certainly, they have extended the commuting limits of the city and made lower land costs more accessible. However, many of the mid-century freeways, once championed by planners as tools for urban renewal, have created swaths of blight through city neighborhoods. Their negative impacts on the larger urban framework requires new ideas for healthier alternatives to aid in preserving and building sustainable cities.
Removal of any downtown highway requires careful thought— even more consideration than when it was built. Quick solutions are what resulted in the problems that downtown highways of the Interstate-Era have today. If it is the simple interactions between people and place are that make up the positive aspects an urban environment, then what are the possibilities and strategies for removing urban highway, which are one of the primary impediments separating people in place in contemporary cities? This question is the focus of this thesis.
At its core, the removal of freeways represents a trade-off between mobility objectives and economic development objectives. Evidence from other cities’ decisions to redesign or remove their downtown highways suggests multiple benefits. Making design changes, such as to replace a downtown highway with a well-designed surface boulevard, can stimulate economic activities without necessarily causing traffic chaos.
Solutions come in different shapes and sizes. The selected case studies in this thesis reflect a diversity of approaches – suggesting no single strategy exists for addressing downtown highway issues. This reflects the fact that multiple alternatives must be considered in every situation because each approach varies in costs and opportunities. A typology of highway alternations derived from the case studies includes seven different techniques: burying, demolishing, taming, capping or bridging, elevating, retaining, and relocating. The final chapter applies the conclusions from the case studies to the Downtown Connector– Interstate 75/85– in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia.
Urban design and transportation planning has an emerging new set of values. Transportation planning is seeking to promote alternate modes of transportation to the private vehicle, like transit, by foot, or by bicycle. We now understand that connectivity is not served only by highways but also by urban street networks that invite modes other than just automobiles. An important role for urban design will be to shape the way these interactions are made to benefit the citizens, its urban spaces, and the economy.
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Ramírez, Moreno Diana Carolina, and Yokota Carla Natalia Rossi. "Factors associated with the perception of architectural barriers for access to health services in people with motor disabilities in Peru." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656545.
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Objectives: Determine the factors associated with the perception of architectural barriers in health services for people with motor disabilities.
Methods and Materials: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed based on a secondary data base obtained from a specialized national disability survey (ENEDIS) in 2012. The participants were people older than 18 years who had motor disability. The architectural barriers considered were the absence of access ramps, security guardrails, adequate elevators, hygienic services for people with disabilities, places that provide information or information posters in health centers. For the analysis of our study, the complex nature of the sample was considered and prevalence rates with a 95% confidence interval were used. Chi-square and Student t tests were also used and, finally, an analysis of multiple regression variables was carried out. Poisson with robust variance where crude and adjusted PR were calculated.
Results:
The main results show that in 2012, people aged 65 years and older perceive access ramps and safety railings as barriers in an approximate 40% less probability compared to those who are 18 – 24 years old. In addition, people with a higher educational level (University, Masters and doctorate) perceive the access ramps and safety railings in health centers as barriers in an approximate 80% less probability compared to those who have no educational level. Finally, those who live in rural areas are associated with access ramps, safety railings, adequate elevators, and bathrooms for people with disabilities (p<0.001)
Conclusions:
In this study we have found that older people (mainly older adults) and with higher educational level perceive less arquitectural barriers in health care centers where they are treated. However, people living in rural areas are more likely to perceive architectural barriers compared to people in urban areas.Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados a la percepción de barreras arquitectónicas en los servicios de salud en el Perú de las personas con discapacidad motora. Métodos y Materiales: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico basado en una base de datos secundaria obtenida de una encuesta nacional especializada de discapacidad (ENEDIS) del año 2012. Los participantes lo conformaron personas mayores de 18 años que registraron tener discapacidad motora. Las barreras arquitectónicas consideradas fueron la ausencia de rampas de acceso, barandas de seguridad, ascensores adecuados y servicios higiénicos para personas con discapacidad. Para el análisis de nuestro estudio se consideró la naturaleza compleja de la muestra y se utilizaron tasas de prevalencia con intervalo de confianza del 95%. También, se utilizaron pruebas de Chi cuadrado y t-student y finalmente se realizó un análisis de múltiples variables de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta donde se calcularon los PR crudos y ajustados. Resultados Los principales resultados manifiestan que en el año 2012 las personas de 65 años a más perciben las rampas de acceso y las barandas de seguridad como barrera en un aproximado de 40% de menos probabilidad en comparación con los que tienen 18-24 años de edad. Además, las personas de mayor nivel educativo (Universitario, Maestría y Doctorado) perciben las rampas de acceso y las barandas de seguridad en los centros de salud como barrera en un aproximado 80% de menos probabilidad en comparación con los que no tienen ningún nivel educativo. Por último, los que viven en zona rural tienen asociación con las rampas de acceso, barandas de seguridad, ascensores adecuados y servicios higiénicos para personas con discapacidad (p < 0.001). Conclusiones: En este estudio hemos encontrado que las personas de mayor edad (principalmente adultos mayores) y de mayor nivel educativo perciben menos las barreras arquitectónicas en los centros de atención de salud donde se atienden. Sin embargo, las personas que viven en zonas rurales tienen más probabilidades de percibir barreras arquitectónicas en comparación a las personas de zonas urbanas.
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Navas, Perrone Maria Gabriela. "Utopía y privatopía en la Vila Olímpica de Barcelona: Los impactos sociales de un barrio de autor." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401430.
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La Vila Olímpica se asume como la Nova Icària del siglo XX y se constituye como la obra inaugural del afamado "modelo Barcelona". Es construida sobre los restos de una importante zona industrial del Poblenou, con la voluntad de regenerar este suelo ocupado históricamente por usos considerados malsanos. Ello refleja la vocación utópica del urbanismo, empeñado en neutralizar la manifestación de conflictos que contradigan el renacer de la ciudad olímpica, mediante la creación artificial de un barrio in vitro, que active la rentabilidad del suelo y canalice el control burgués de la ciudad hacia la fachada marítima. Este es un caso representativo del urbanismo neoliberal, que ha promovido el reemplazo del barrio por proyectos de urbanización. La consecuencia es un conjunto residencial privatizado que ha sido construido a partir de la segregación y el aislamiento.The Olympic Village is presumed as the Nova Icària of the twentieth century and is recognized as the introductory work of the renowned "Barcelona model". It was built on the remains of an important industrial area of Poblenou, with the intention of regenerating this land, which has been historically used for activities that are considered as unhealthy. This practice echoes the utopian vocation of urbanism as follows: it neutralizes the conflict manifestation that contradicts the olympic city’s revival, through the artificial creation of an in vitro neighborhood, which stimulates the land value and channels the bourgeois control of the city to the seaboard. This is a representative case of neoliberal urbanism, which promotes the substitution of the neighborhood by urbanization projects. The result is a privatized residential complex that has been built from segregation and isolation.
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Lourenço, João Filipe Galrão. "Desenho inclusivo em projecto de arquitectura paisagista." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3091.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaWhen we talk about impairment, the picture that emerges is that of people with disabilities (physical, sensory or psychological). However, disability and impairment are distinct concepts, although inextricably linked, as reflected in the models created that explain the differences between them. In contemporary society, disabled people are not the only who find difficulties integrating into society. There is a wider range of people unable to perform tasks of day-to-day, requiring appropriate environments for that. Examples are elderly, pregnant or with infants, people with limbs or vision temporarily or permanently unusable. The impairment thus results from the inadequacy of a person to his environment, and each person may experience impairment in the path of life. These are problems that inclusive design seeks to resolve, through the creation of products, spaces and technologies accessible to a wide range of people. The inclusive design aims the use and access of all people to products, buildings, outdoor spaces, transportation, communication, etc. It is governed by seven principles that guide the design and construction of such scenarios. Beyond the question of accessibility, inclusive design also allows people with sensory disabilities to experience the places, using other senses in the absence of any. The landscape architecture contributes with his knowledge in the design of public space and ecology, ensuring accessibility and availability of sensory experiences, resorting to the use of living and inert materials. Only recently the societies begun to consider issues of accessibility in urban areas, so cities today have some discontinuities in their pathways and barriers that prevent mobility in certain sections. Interventions in these areas, to make them inclusive, are more complicated, but still not impossible. In these cases, we need a preliminary study of current conditions, followed by proposals for intervention. Make these neighborhoods or cities more accessible contributes to an improved quality of spaces and the quality of life of its residents. This is why cities should evolve so to accommodate a modern society, composed of people of all ages and abilities.
15 anexos
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Ceruti, Barroso Camila. "Mercado gastronómico en Barrios Altos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656764.
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En los últimos años la gastronomía peruana ha crecido de manera significante, el Perú es uno de los países más reconocidos internacionalmente por su comida y esto es un factor de identidad, orgullo y cohesión social para los peruanos. La idea del proyecto nace luego de visitar distintos mercados tanto en el extranjero cómo en Lima y encontrar que no existe una tipología adecuada de mercado gastronómico en nuestro país, un lugar que recupere la esencia de mercado tradicional, pero con actividades complementarias para la difusión de la gastronomía y para reactivar la zona donde se ubique. Se elige el centro histórico de Lima, ya que es un punto focal de la ciudad, una parada fija para los turistas y un distrito con mucha historia y tradición. El proyecto parte de la propuesta urbana de una alameda cultural al lado del río Rímac que se articula al proyecto, uniendo de esta forma la cultura y la gastronomía y reanimando la zona a partir de un estudio de un recorrido turístico del distrito. La volumetría se adapta al entorno mediante su altura, materiales y reinterpretaciones en la fachada de elementos típicos del centro de Lima, como los balcones. Además, se crean espacios públicos de encuentro que ayudan a mejorar la zona. Se busca crear un centro tanto turístico como local, donde se promueva la gastronomía, el ocio y la cultura.In recent years, Peruvian gastronomy has grown significantly, Peru is one of the most internationally recognized countries for its food, this is a factor of identity, pride and social cohesion for Peruvians. The idea of the project was born after visiting different markets both abroad and in Lima and finding that there is not an adequate typology of gastronomic market in our country, a place that recovers the essence of traditional market but with complementary activities for the dissemination of gastronomy and to reactivate the area where it is placed. The historic center of Lima is chosen for the project, as it is a focal point of the city, a fixed stop for tourists and a district with a lot of history and tradition. The project starts with an urban proposal, a cultural boulevard next to the Rimac river that is articulated to the project, uniting in this way, culture and gastronomy in the same place and reviving the area based on a study of a touristic route of the district. The volumetry is adapted to the surroundings through its height, materials and reinterpretations in the facade of typical elements of the center of Lima, such as balconies. In addition, public meeting spaces are created to help improve the area. The project seeks to create a tourist and local center where gastronomy, leisure and culture are promoted.
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Rinzan, Mohamed Buhary. "Threshold extension of gallium arsenide/aluminum gallium arsenide terahetrz detectors and switching in heterostructures." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10102006-204618/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Unil Perera, committee chair; Donald Edwards, Gennady Cymbaluyk, Mark Stockman, Nikolaus Dietz, Paul Wiita, committee members. Electronic text (348, 24-32 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-30, second sequence).
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Provost, Marion. "Intégration de couches hybrides de base sol-gel dans les architectures de passivation de dispositifs OLED." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT056.
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L’application de la technologie OLED (diode électroluminescente organique) pour l’affichage est actuellement principalement portée par le marché des écrans de télévision et des smartphones. Les matériaux et les substrats utilisés permettent de produire des dispositifs légers, compacts, voire flexibles, possédant un excellent contraste image et une fréquence de rafraîchissement élevée. Les contraintes technologiques limitant l’industrialisation concernent la durée de vie des dispositifs. D’une part, les matériaux utilisés dans les structures OLEDs sont dégradés en présence d’eau et d’oxygène, il est donc essentiel de passiver le dispositif avec une structure de haute qualité barrière à l’atmosphère. D’autre part, il est nécessaire d’ajouter une protection mécanique en surface, sous forme de capot ou de protection monolithique, modulable en fonction de l’application visée. Ces travaux de thèse visent à développer une nouvelle conception de packaging, intégrant des nanocomposites organiques-inorganiques au sein de l’architecture d’encapsulation multicouche développée au CEA-LETI, et appliquée aux écrans de petite taille (microdisplays) OLED réalisés sur substrat silicium. Ces matériaux permettent de cumuler des propriétés d’ordinaire antagonistes ; celles de la phase organiques (flexible, déposable par voie liquide) et celles de la phase inorganique (barrière au gaz, résistance mécanique et chimique). Les résultats reposent sur le contrôle fin de la morphologie ; le procédé sol-gel a donc été choisi pour sa versatilité. Nous avons montré qu’il était possible de définir plusieurs formulations composites. L’une en particulier, basée sur des nanoparticules de silice intégrées dans une matrice polymère, s’est révélée compatible avec l’encapsulation monolithique des substrats OLED, permettant notamment la reprise de contact électrique. L’ajout de ce matériau au sein de l’architecture de passivation augmente la résistance barrière au gaz et, par extension, la durabilité des dispositifs en conditions climatiques sévères. Utilisé en tant que protection mécanique de surface, cette solution en couche mince n’atteint pas la résistance mécanique des capots de verre, mais permet malgré tout de protéger les substrats pendant toutes les phases de fabrication et de manipulation. L’avantage principal de cette solution packaging réside dans la diminution de l’épaisseur totale, augmentant le contraste en limitant fortement les pertes lumineuses, et ouvrant la porte aux substrats et dispositifs flexiblesDue of the ongoing growth of smartphones and TVs displays markets, the application of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology for displays has become a major center of interest. The materials and substrates used in such architectures allow to develop lightweight, compact and even foldable displays, demonstrating an excellent image quality and fast refresh rates. Currently, the technological drawbacks restricting the exploitation on industrial scale mainly concern the lifespan of the devices. First, materials used in OLED architecture are highly sensitive to moisture and oxygen ingress and require a high barrier encapsulation. In addition, a specific protection needs to be included to secure the device from mechanical failures. As so various options from glass lids to flexible barriers are likely to be considered depending on the intended use. This work deals with the production of OLED microdisplays deposited on silicon substrates, and aims to develop an alternative packaging solution, based on organic-inorganic nanocomposite layers, both on top and embedded into the multi-barrier passivation architecture previously developed at the CEA-LETI. Synergistic properties can be obtained from composite materials, enhancing the advantages of both the organic (flexibility, processability) and inorganic phase (barrier properties, mechanical and chemical resistance). As a high control on the morphology in required, the sol-gel process was therefore selected for its versatility. Several composite materials were designed. One selected formulation, based on silica nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix, proved to be fully compatible with the monolithic encapsulation of OLED circuits, including, among other properties, the recovery of the electrical bonding. Passivation architectures using the composite as interface layer showed improved barrier properties as well as an enhanced durability of devices stored in warm and damp environment. Obviously, a thin hard-coat layer does not equal a glass lid in terms of mechanical resistance, yet our formulation provided a sufficient protection during the overall process and handling of the displays. The main advantages of this alternative packaging rely on the reduced thickness, increasing the contrast by minimizing the loss of luminous efficacy through guided mode and offering the prospect of flexible substrate manufacturing
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Cattin, Anne-Laure. "Le récepteur nucléaire HNF-4α : un facteur au carrefour entre homéostasie, architecture et fonction de l'épithélium intestinal adulte." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066379.
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L’épithélium intestinal est un système en renouvellement constant. Son homéostasie repose sur la coordination précise des processus de prolifération, de différenciation et de survie cellulaire. L’objectif de mon travail de thèse a été d’étudier le rôle du facteur de transcription HNF-4α dans l’homéostasie, l’architecture et la fonction de l’épithélium intestinal. Dans un modèle de souris adultes, où l’invalidation du gène Hnf-4α est inductible et spécifique de l’intestin, j’ai montré qu’HNF-4α est un acteur clé du maintien de l’homéostasie de cet épithélium : HNF-4α module la prolifération dans les cryptes, en interférant avec la signalisation Wnt/β-caténine ; il régule négativement l’expression de Math-1 et limite l’engagement des progéniteurs en cellules mucosécrétrices ; il participe à la différenciation des entérocytes et des cellules entéroendocrines. HNF-4α joue aussi un rôle majeur dans la fonction intestinale de barrière, sa perte s’accompagnant de modifications d’expression et d’organisation des composants des jonctions serrées et d’une augmentation de la perméabilité paracellulaire. Enfin, HNF-4α est nécessaire au maintien d’un transfert intestinal efficace des lipides alimentaires dans la circulation, et intervient dès l’étape entérocytaire de captage des lipides alimentaires. En conclusion, dans l’intestin, HNF-4α est au carrefour entre homéostasie, architecture cellulaire et fonction de transfert des lipides alimentaires. Ses effets sur la voie Wnt/β-caténine nous conduisent à émettre l’hypothèse qu‘Hnf-4α est un gène suppresseur de tumeur, concernant entre autres le cancer colorectal.
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Vicente, Hurtado José Elías Vladimir. "Quinta vertical: vivienda colectiva en Barrios Altos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653147.
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Quinta Vertical: vivienda colectiva en Barrios Altos, surge a partir de la añoranza de los juegos hechos en patios, de quintas y callejones, donde reinaban los niños y los viejos. También es una crítica al actual modelo inmobiliario, en muchos casos, fuente y resultante de los problemas sociales actuales relacionados al individualismo. La presente tesis es la respuesta arquitectónica al déficit habitacional acorde a las exigencias y costumbres de una sociedad diversa y prospera culturalmente, ligada fuertemente a la identidad limeña y cuyos objetivos son resueltos, en su mayoría, gracias a su capacidad de colectividad, sumergida en un entorno en continuo desgaste y destrucción a pesar de su importancia urbanística e histórica, el cual degenera el modo de vivir de sus habitantes obligándolos irremediablemente a abandonarlo. El proyecto asimila tipologías urbanas y domesticas tradicionales del lugar, estudia teorías arquitectónicas relevantes y las emplea con una conciencia contemporánea enfatizando la identidad de barrio y densidad habitacional en una búsqueda por lograr viviendas de calidad, áreas comunes capaces de propiciar la vida colectiva y la inserción armónica en un centro histórico.Vertical Quinta: Collective Housing in Barrios Altos, arises from a yearning of the games in the patios, of quintas and callejones, where kids and old ones reigned. It is also a critical stand on the real state model, in a lot of ways the source and result of current social problems related to individualism. The present thesis is an architectural response of the housing deficit, according to the demands and traditional ways of a diverse and culturally flourished society, strongly linked to the limeño’s identity, whose objectives are mostly resolved thanks to their collective capacity, emerge in a context of continuum wear and destruction, in spite of its urban and historic relevance, which degenerates the way of living of its occupants forcing them to hopelessly abandon it. The project assimilates urban and domestic traditional typologies found in the place, it studies relevant architectural theories and applies them with a contemporary consciousness emphasizing a neighborhood identity and habitation density in a search to reach quality housing, common areas capable of propitiate a collective life and a harmonic insertion in a historical center.
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Ribeiro, Felipe Gomes. "Acessibilidade em espa?o universit?rio: barreiras arquitet?nicas e ambientais no campus da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/169.
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DISSERTACAO_FELIPE_DLA_PPGDCI.pdf: 4763694 bytes, checksum: 6f8b30d04543619f033603fcd6034795 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T22:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_FELIPE_DLA_PPGDCI.pdf: 4763694 bytes, checksum: 6f8b30d04543619f033603fcd6034795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-24
This dissertation discusses the concepts of accessibility in university space for school inclusion and consequent social inclusion of people with disabilities or reduced mobility through a diagnosis of physical architectural structure, more specifically in the areas of external movement of pedestrian users, conducted in main campus of the State University of Feira de Santana. Were pre-selected nine routes, five parallel and four perpendicular, to cover all locations on campus. The checklist was performed according to ABNT / NBR 9050, which in this study included: structure of sidewalks, parking and access to the building - external circulation; and doors, door handles, ramps, lifts, stairs and toilets - internal circulation of some of the main buildings. Added to this critical / observational analysis, an interview was conducted with 28 people (16 with and 12 without reduced mobility reduced mobility) in order to understand the views of users about the accessibility of the campus in its effective use. We observed any problems as barriers to full accessibility, such as inadequacy, malfunction, or structures in a state of degradation. The majority (60.71%) of research participants do NOT consider the UEFS campus accessible. The creation of accessible routes arises as a possibility adequacy of physical space, in favor of universal design as a way to ensure equal access, independent of personal physical condition. The UEFS, as a public university, owes the commitment to present and implement solutions to this problem in order to make a space that would allow exchanges, encourage the establishment of relationships and reduce the differences as a way of overcoming social inequalities of people physically different, to fulfill its role of social and institutional change agent.
A presente Disserta??o discute os conceitos de acessibilidade no espa?o universit?rio para a inclus?o escolar e consequente inclus?o social, de pessoas com defici?ncia ou mobilidade reduzida atrav?s de um diagn?stico da estrutura f?sico-arquitet?nica em rela??o ? mobilidade, mais especificamente das ?reas de circula??o externa dos usu?rios pedestres, realizado no campus principal da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, em Feira de Santana. Foram pr?-selecionadas nove rotas, cinco paralelas e quatro perpendiculares, de forma a abranger todas as localidades do campus. A lista de verifica??es foi realizada de acordo com a ABNT/NBR 9050, que nesse trabalho incluiu: estrutura de cal?adas, estacionamento e acesso ? edifica??o ? circula??o externa; e portas, ma?anetas, rampas, elevadores, escadas e sanit?rios ? circula??o interna, de alguns dos pr?dios principais. Somado a essa an?lise cr?tica/observacional, uma entrevista foi realizada com 28 pessoas (16 com mobilidade reduzida e 12 sem mobilidade reduzida) a fim de compreender a percep??o dos usu?rios sobre a acessibilidade do campus em sua efetiva utiliza??o. Foram constatados diversos problemas quanto ? acessibilidade plena como obst?culos, inadequa??es, mau funcionamento, ou estruturas em estado de degrada??o. A maioria (60,71%) dos usu?rios participantes da pesquisa N?O considera o campus da UEFS acess?vel. A cria??o de rotas acess?veis surge como uma possibilidade de adequa??o do espa?o f?sico, em prol do desenho universal, como forma de garantir o acesso igualit?rio, independente da condi??o f?sica individual. A UEFS, na condi??o de universidade p?blica, deve o compromisso de apresentar e executar solu??es para essa problem?tica visando tornar-se um espa?o capaz de permitir trocas, estimular o estabelecimento de rela??es e atenuar as diferen?as como forma de supera??o das desigualdades sociais de pessoas fisicamente diferentes, para cumprir seu papel de agente de transforma??o social e institucional.
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Lundqvist, Johanna. "En Fantastisk Färd." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280580.
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Projektet tog sin början i städers mindre konventionella infrastruktur, och fram växte en fascination för alternativa sätt att förflytta sig. Många transportsystem visades, historiskt, först upp på olika världsutställningar och hamnade snabbt i gränslandet mellan underhållande åkattraktion och del av en stads kollektivtrafiksystem. Gemensamt för de många okonventionella färdsystemen är viljan att på ett bättre sätt överbrygga en fysisk barriär, exempelvis vatten, infrastruktur eller komplex topografi. De är varken de billigaste, enklaste eller snabbaste lösningarna, men de är system som tar dig från en plats till en annan, på ett minnesvärt sätt, och med platsens förutsättningar och utmaningar som generator. Projektet resulterade i ett förslag på hur man kan skapa en fantastisk upplevelse, som fått födas ur en strävan efter att lättare ta sig mellan olika platser. Med inspiration från olika referenser, skapades på Kvarnholmen ett nytt transportsystem, vilket bidrar med oväntade kvaliteter på en plats som tål en ny stark personlighet, en plats som redan präglas av nostalgi. Johanna LundqvistThis project began with an interest in less conventional infrastructure solutions, from which a fascination for alternative ways to travel emerged. Many transportation systems were, historically, first shown in different world fairs and quickly ended up on the borderline between fun amusement attraction and a part of a city’s public transport system. What many of these unconventional transport systems have in common is the desire to, in better ways, overcome physical barriers, for example water, infrastructure or complex topography. Often they are not the cheapest, simplest or fastest options, but rather systems that take you from one place to another, in a memorable way, and with the preconditions and challenges of the space as a generator. The project resulted in a proposal for how to create a journey to remember, a journey which has been born out of an aspiration to overcome a physical barrier. With inspiration from collected references, a new transport system was placed on Kvarnholmen, Stockholm, which adds unexpected qualities to a place that can handle a new, strong character, a place that is already characterised by nostalgia. Johanna Lundqvist
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Wong, Chi-man Christopher. "Intervention in sight : centre for visually impaired, Wanchai /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948337.
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Brantley, Steven. "CONSEQUENCES OF SHRUB ENCROACHMENT: LINKING CHANGES IN CANOPY STRUCTURE TO SHIFTS IN THE RESOURCE ENVIRONMENT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1686.
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Shrub expansion in herbaceous ecosystems is emerging as an important ecological response to global change, especially in mesic systems where increases in canopy biomass are greatest. Two consequences of woody encroachment are increases in belowground resources, such as carbon and nitrogen, and reductions in above-ground resources such as light, which affect diversity, community trajectory, and ecosystem function. My objective was to determine how expansion of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Morella cerifera affected the resource environment across a chronosequence of shrub expansion on a Virginia barrier island. I quantified changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, canopy structure and understory light associated with M. cerifera expansion. Litterfall in shrub thickets exceeded litterfall for other woody communities in the same region, and due to high N concentration, resulted in a return of as much as 169 kg N ha-1 yr-1 to the soil, 70% of which was from symbiotic N fixation. Litter and soil C and N pools were 3-10 times higher in shrub thickets than in adjacent grasslands. Understory light in shrub thickets decreased to as low as 0.5% of above-canopy light. Sunflecks in shrub thickets were shorter, smaller and less intense than sunflecks in forest understories. However, relative to other shrub species such as Elaeagnus umbellata, M. cerifera was less efficient at intercepting light. Although M. cerifera had the highest leaf area index (LAI) of five shrub species studied, M. cerifera was relatively inefficient at light attenuation due to low levels of branching, steep leaf angles and a relatively shallow canopy. The shift from grassland to shrub thicket on barrier islands, and in other mesic systems, results in a significant change in canopy structure that alters understory resource availability and greatly alters ecosystem function and trajectory.
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Hillinger, Hubertus J. "Loud silence : aging and environment." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041807.
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The purpose of this paper is to present, illustrate and systematize documentation on projected and existing international examples and housing conditions for an aging population and to question the architect's role in terms of person-environment relations.As architects we often base our design on assumptions. A thorough training in the techniques of systematic observation can provide information, and data for improvements and necessities.The paper consists of two main parts. The first part focuses on research of theoretical and practical design aspects through a retrospective look at the history and the physiology of aging.Major goals are:• To increase the knowledge of person-environment interactions through a better understanding of behavioral systems of older people (environment as a stimulant).• To examine environmental attributes constituting an appropriate environment for an independent life (therapeutic aspects of design).• To identify necessities and ways of filling gaps in the relationship between theoretical design aspects and their practical application.•To refelect on historical aspects of aging by showing the ambivalence and changeability in man's systems of values.The second part of the paper considers several international innovative housing and living arrangements in an illustrative way.Department of Architecture
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Campbell, Julia A. (Julia Ann). "Building exchange and multiplicity into housing for the elderly : an exercise in synthesizing associative references." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71395.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 139).
The particular subject of this thesis is Housing for the Elderly. The intention is to propose an architecture which springs from an alternative attitude towards housing the elderly ... an attitude which purports that multiplicity and exchange are the elements crucial to one's well-being; in contrast to the current paradigm within the world of planning for the elderly ... one of segregation, classification and singularity. With a little license, I call this a research and design thesis, as it has been difficult to define. As a 'research' paper, it entails the use of a particular method of selecting, understanding, and (finally) using a range of references in order to distill from them some underlying principles of form. Yet unlike a true research thesis, it is loosely structured and left open-ended ... intentionally so! The 'design' work provides the testing ground for the principles gleaned from those references. It also allows me the opportunity to exercise myself in synthesizing and arranging architecture. Yet as a design thesis, the work is only the start of an architecture process ... far from being complete. In essence, the thesis is an endeavour in knowing a little more about the 'dancing' between referencing and designing.
by Julia A. Campbell.
M.Arch.
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Surbella, Kevin. "Academic accessibility mapping sociospatial perceptions by students who use wheelchairs /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1185541127.
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Li, Siu-fan. "Planning for equities in Hong Kong : how planning can improve the lives of the physically disabled? /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781340.
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Hammes, David Joseph. "Spatial complexity as a factor in the experience of time duration." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94458.
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Chu, Chi-hang Lewis. "Integrated housing for the aged and younger generations." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951026.
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Malashchuk, Ogor. "Epigenetic regulation of skin development and postnatal homeostasis : the role of chromatin architectural protein Ctcf in the control of keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier formation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14791.
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Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the control of lineage-specific differentiation during development. However, mechanisms that regulate higher-order chromatin remodelling and transcription of keratinocyte-specific genes that are clustered in the genome into three distinct loci (Keratin type I/II loci and Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)) during differentiation of the epidermis are poorly understood. By using 3D-Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), we determined that in the epidermal keratinocytes, the KtyII and EDC loci are located closely to each other in the nuclear compartment enriched by the nuclear speckles. However, in KtyII locus knockout mice, EDC locus moved away from the KtyII locus flanking regions and nuclear speckles towards the nuclear periphery, which is associated with marked changes in gene expression described previously. Chromatin architectural protein Ctcf has previously been implicated in the control of long-range enhancer-promoter contacts and inter-chromosomal interactions. Ctcf is broadly expressed in the skin including epidermal keratinocytes and hair follicles. Conditional Keratin 14-driven Ctcf ablation in mice results in the increase of the epidermal thickness, proliferation, alterations of the epidermal barrier and the development of epidermal pro-inflammatory response. Epidermal barrier defects in Krt14CreER/Ctcf fl/fl mice are associated with marked changes in gene expression in the EDC and KtyII loci, which become topologically segregated in the nucleus upon Ctcf ablation. Therefore, these data suggest that Ctcf serves as critical determinant regulating higher-order chromatin organization in lineage-specific gene loci in epidermal keratinocytes, which is required for the proper control of gene expression, maintenance of the epidermal barrier and its function.
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Malashchuk, Igor. "Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Development and Postnatal Homeostasis The role of chromatin architectural protein Ctcf in the control of Keratinocyte Differentiation and Epidermal Barrier Formation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14791.
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Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the control of lineage-specific differentiation during development. However, mechanisms that regulate higher-order chromatin remodelling and transcription of keratinocyte-specific genes that are clustered in the genome into three distinct loci (Keratin type I/II loci and Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) during differentiation of the epidermis are poorly understood. By using 3D-Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), we determined that in the epidermal keratinocytes, the KtyII and EDC loci are located closely to each other in the nuclear compartment enriched by the nuclear speckles. However, in KtyII locus knockout mice, EDC locus moved away from the KtyII locus flanking regions and nuclear speckles towards the nuclear periphery, which is associated with marked changes in gene expression described previously. Chromatin architectural protein Ctcf has previously been implicated in the control of long-range enhancer-promoter contacts and inter-chromosomal interactions. Ctcf is broadly expressed in the skin including epidermal keratinocytes and hair follicles. Conditional Keratin 14-driven Ctcf ablation in mice results in the increase of the epidermal thickness, proliferation, alterations of the epidermal barrier and the development of epidermal pro-inflammatory response. Epidermal barrier defects in Krt14CreER/Ctcf fl/fl mice are associated with marked changes in gene expression in the EDC and KtyII loci, which become topologically segregated in the nucleus upon Ctcf ablation. Therefore, these data suggest that Ctcf serves as critical determinant regulating higher-order chromatin organization in lineage-specific gene loci in epidermal keratinocytes, which is required for the proper control of gene expression, maintenance of the epidermal barrier and its function.
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Azevedo, Cleide Helena Leitão de. "PENSANDO A ACESSIBILIDADE ARQUITETÔNICA EM UNIDADES DE SAÚDE: DIAGNÓSTICO DE UM PROCESSO DE MUDANÇA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3465.
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Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-08T14:49:52Z
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CLEIDE HELENA LEITÃO DE AZEVEDO.pdf: 2399875 bytes, checksum: ee704c92a2c6395fc5bbfb694687eb7c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T14:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEIDE HELENA LEITÃO DE AZEVEDO.pdf: 2399875 bytes, checksum: ee704c92a2c6395fc5bbfb694687eb7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-16
Acessibility is one of the possibilities of interaction and inclusion of people on a social context. In this paper the purpose was to get to know and understand the accessibility as an aspect of inclusion, with a wider look to people with physical disability and reduced mobility related to Health Units. It was made a brief diagnostic of the architectural barriers and the physical accessibility conditions, starting from the dificulties found at the Health Units and in the practical understanding, through interviews with professionals from the civil construction field. The central objective was to understad the motive of the existence and permanency of architectural barriers at Health Units, in the present moment. Its about a literal review and data colection, that was used Health Virtual Library(BVS), Capes periodics and published national articles with the theme of architectural barriers in português language published between 2006 to 2014. In paralel was made a empirical research of qualitative nature, exploratory, interpretative, non structured, following the Grounded Theory, at your modification by Kathy Charmaz. Were interviewed 6 professionals of the civil construction field. To discussion of the interviews was used as explanatory and illustrative instrument, concepts of inclusive architecture as Universal Drawing and Environmental psychology. According to collected data was possible to avaluate that is worrisome the scenario of accessibility at brazilian Health Units. The articles revealed that many are the physical barriers at those units, and the process of implementation of accessibility is slow and shy. During the period contemplated by the articles evaluated at the integrative review was observed that no significant progress was made in acessibility. At the interviews, the professionals showed respect for the legislations, however emphasized the need of a wider vision, beyond rules, laws and professional culture evolution. Emphasized that is indispensable the oversight of constructions and acting of diverse organizations and associations of involved groups. Also that with planing and management is possible to reduce significantly the architectural barriers and construction prices, promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities and reduced mobility at the health units.
A acessibilidade é uma das possibilidades de interação e inclusão de pessoas no contexto social. Nesse estudo procurou-se conhecer e compreender a acessibilidade como um aspecto da inclusão, com um olhar mais ampliado para as pessoas com deficiência física e mobilidade reduzida no que diz respeito ao uso de unidades de saúde. Foi feito um breve diagnóstico das barreiras arquitetônicas e as condições de acessibilidade física, partindo das dificuldades encontradas nas unidades de saúde e no entendimento prático, através de entrevistas com profissionais da área da construção civil. O objetivo central foi de compreender os motivos para a existência e permanência de barreiras arquitetônicas nas unidades de saúde, na atualidade. Trata-se de uma revisão literária e na coleta de dados foi utilizada a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Periódicos Capes e artigos de periódicos nacionais na temática de barreiras arquitetônicas no idioma português publicados no período de 2006 a 2014. Em paralelo foi feita uma pesquisa empírica de natureza qualitativa, exploratória, interpretativa, não estruturada, seguindo os preceitos de Grounded Theory, na sua modificação elaborada por Kathy Charmaz. Foram entrevistados 6 profissionais da área da construção civil. Na discussão das entrevistas foi utilizado como instrumento explicativo e ilustrativo conceitos da arquitetura inclusiva como Desenho Universal e Psicologia Ambiental. De acordo com os dados coletados foi possível observar que é preocupante o cenário de acessibilidade nas unidades de saúde no Brasil. Os artigos revelaram que são muitas as barreiras físicas nessas unidades e o processo de implantação da acessibilidades é lento e tímido. Durante o período contemplado pelos artigos avaliados na revisão integrativa foi observado que não ocorreram progressos significativos quanto à acessibilidade. Nas entrevistas, os profissionais mostraram respeito pelas normas, porém enfatizaram a necessidade de uma visão mais ampla, para além do segmento das leis e das regras e a evolução na cultura profissional. Destacaram que é imprescindível a fiscalização das obras e a atuação das diversas organizações e associações dos grupos envolvidos. Também que, com planejamento e gerenciamento é possível uma redução significativa nas barreiras arquitetônicas e nos custos das obras, promovendo a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência física e mobilidade reduzida nas unidades de saúde.
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Patterson, Lindsey Marie. "The Right to Access: Citizenship and Disability, 1950-1973." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342310475.
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Ribardière, Ambre. "Isolement reproductif et architecture génomique de la différenciation chez deux espèces du complexe Jaera albifrons (isopodes marins) - Etude de populations mixtes présentant des niveaux d'isolement interspécifique contrastés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066397/document.
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Dans l’étude de la spéciation, l'existence de zones dans lesquelles deux espèces en sympatrie montrent différents niveaux de différenciation génétique constitue une bonne opportunité pour comprendre la nature et l'évolution des barrières à la reproduction entre espèces. Jaera (albifrons) albifrons et Jaera (albifrons) praehirsuta sont deux espèces d’isopodes marins qui coexistent en sympatrie le long des côtes nord-européennes. Des barrières écologiques, comportementales, et génétiques cloisonnent efficacement ces deux espèces, à l'exception d'une région unique (Normandie, France) dans laquelle des morphotypes intermédiaires avaient été décrits dans les années 60.Au cours de cette thèse, l'utilisation de microsatellites et de SNPs obtenus par séquençage RAD ont permis de démontrer que le niveau d'isolement interspécifique varie fortement entre sites, de l'hybridation introgressive à l'isolement quasi-complet. Une analyse comparative de ces sites combinant échantillonnage en populations naturelles, croisements expérimentaux et analyses génomiques a ensuite permis de : i) mettre en avant le rôle prépondérant de l'isolement sexuel (qui reste fort dans les populations introgressées) accompagné d'une barrière post-zygotique relativement faible, ii) découvrir la présence de bactéries Wolbachia au sein des deux espèces, iii) démontrer que la coexistence des deux espèces résulte d'une spéciation allopatrique suivie de contacts secondaires avec reprise de flux de gènes d'intensité variable, et iv) montrer que ces flux de gènes varient également fortement au sein du génome, les chromosomes sexuels et des chromosomes réarrangés semblant limiter fortement l'introgressionWithin the field of speciation, sympatric areas with different levels of interspecific genetic differentiation offer a good opportunity to understand the nature and evolution of reproductive barriers between species. Jaera (albifrons) albifrons and Jaera (albifrons) praehirsuta are two species of marine isopods that coexist in sympatry along the northern European coasts. Ecological, behavioral and genetic barriers efficiently isolate these two species, except in a unique region (Normandy, France) where morphological phenotypes were described in the 60's.In this thesis, microsatellites and SNPs obtained from RAD-sequencing allowed me to demonstrate that the level of interspecific isolation varies widely between sites, from introgressive hybridization to quasi-complete isolation. A comparative analysis of these sites combining sampling from natural populations, experimental crosses, and genomic analyses then allowed me to: i) demonstrate the predominant role of sexual isolation (which remains strong in introgressed populations), together with a relatively weaker post-zygotic barrier, ii) discover the presence of Wolbachia bacteria within the two species, iii) demonstrate that the coexistence of these species originate from an allopatric speciation followed by secondary contacts with varying levels of heterospecific gene flow renewal, and iv) show that gene flow varies also strongly along the genome, with an effect of sex chromosomes and rearranged chromosomes apparently limiting introgression
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Specht, Teressa Rose. "Advancements Toward High Operating Temperature Small Pixel Infrared Focal Plane Arrays: Superlattice Heterostructure Engineering, Passivation, and Open-Circuit Voltage Architecture." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595558942395669.
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Pujol, Guillaume. "Élaboration par voie sol-gel de nouvelles barrières thermiques architecturées présentant des propriétés contre l'infiltration des oxydes CMAS (Ca, Mg, Al, Si) : étude de la réparabilité de systèmes endommagés." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3758/.
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Le développement des systèmes " barrière thermique " (BT) a permis d'accroître la température de fonctionnement des turbomachines, contribuant ainsi à l'augmentation des performances de ces dernières. Néanmoins, ce gain a été contrebalancé par l'apparition de phénomènes de corrosion par des contaminants environnementaux de type CMAS (Calcium, Magnésium, Aluminium et Silicium). L'évaluation de la dégradation des BT et la mise en place de solutions de protection font l'objet du premier axe de recherche présenté dans ce manuscrit. L'interaction entre un CMAS modèle et la zircone yttriée a tout d'abord été étudiée afin de mieux appréhender les phénomènes qui la gouvernent. Par la suite, des matériaux " anti-CMAS " ont été synthétisés par voie sol-gel et leur comportement vis-à-vis du composé silicaté a été évalué. Un effort particulier a été porté sur l'étude de l'oxyde d'yttrium Y2O3. En effet, il a été montré au cours de ces travaux que ce matériau présente une cinétique d'interaction rapide avec le CMAS et conduit à la formation de phases secondaires de type apatite. De plus, il a été mis en évidence que l'élaboration d'une couche sacrificielle à base d'yttrine à la surface d'une BT élaborée par EBPVD, favorise le piégeage des CMAS et permet ainsi d'atténuer la dégradation microstructurale de la barrière thermique sous-jacente. Le second volet de ces travaux de thèse avait quant à lui pour objectif de développer une méthode de réparation locale de barrières thermiques EBPVD endommagées. La technique de dépôt par électrophorèse a été proposée car elle présente l'avantage de pouvoir déposer sélectivement de la matière dans les zones où le revêtement céramique a été dégradé. A l'issue d'une étude paramétrique, les conditions opératoires optimisées ont été appliquées sur des pièces présentant des défauts calibrés. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence la forte potentialité de ce procédé pour répondre à cette problématique. Les dépôts électrophorétiques de zircone yttriée permettent en effet de restaurer la couche céramique dans les zones endommagées sans qu'il n'ait été préalablement nécessaire d'éliminer la barrière thermique EBPVD. Les revêtements mis en forme sont homogènes et uniformes en termes d'épaisseur et de microstructure. A la lumière de ces résultats, il est donc possible d'envisager l'utilisation de l'électrophorèse pour prolonger la durée de vie de pièces partiellement détériorées, mais également pour l'élaboration de barrières thermiques sur pièces complexesThermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) have allowed gas-turbine engines to operate at higher gas temperatures leading to a great enhancement in efficiency and performances. However, in the aim to increase the turbine inlet temperature, a new issue has appeared: corrosion by molten Calcium-Magnesium-Alumino Silicates, also known as CMAS. Therefore, the first part of the thesis focus on (1) the degradation of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based TBC systems by CMAS and (2) different materials to protect them. First, the interaction between a synthetic CMAS and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been studied. It has been found that the zirconia in the YSZ dissolved in CMAS and re-precipitate in the YSZ during the corrosion process. Densification of YSZ has also been found. After better understanding of the degradation, different CMAS-resistant materials were synthesized via sol-gel route and their anti-corrosion behaviors have been evaluated. Among different CMAS-resistant materials, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) presents a promising performance since yttria exhibits a fast interaction with CMAS and leads to the formation of secondary apatite phase. In this case, the yttrium oxide coating acts as a sacrificial layer which traps CMAS and helps to mitigate the deterioration of the underneath TBC microstructure. The second part of this research work aims to develop a new repairing method for damaged EBPVD TBC. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been proposed because it has the benefit of selectively deposit material where the ceramic coating has been degraded. Following a parametric study, the optimized operating conditions were applied to pre-damaged reference samples. The results have demonstrated the high potential of this method to tackle this issue. The electrophoretic deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia allows to restore the ceramic layer in the damaged areas without prior removing the TBC. Coatings shaped by EPD exhibit homogeneous and uniform thickness and microstructure. In light of these results, it is possible to consider the use of electrophoretic deposition to extend lifetime of partially damaged TBC, but also to develop new thermal barrier coatings on complex parts