Books on the topic 'Barros, Manoel de'

Hemos llamado a este trabajo <i>Un barroco posible</i>, ya que corresponde a la índole del Barroco una gran flexibilidad interpretativa: dicho período privilegia la coexistencia de diferentes versiones, tanto en cuanto al texto musical cuanto a sus opciones expresivas. Esto se nota ya a partir de la notación, la cual era “aproximativa”, una suerte de “ayuda memoria” que funcionaba como sugerencia para la extemporización. Y con este espíritu de improvisación deberíamos abordar las obras, por supuesto dentro de ciertos límites, concretamente aquellos que no excedan el lenguaje armónico y estilístico de la época. El objetivo del presente trabajo es proporcionar recursos prácticos para preparar un oratorio, género culminante del Barroco, rico en posibilidades y (su mayor virtud)… ¡dilemas! El audio del oratorio "Judas Maccabeus", que puede escucharse en los tres CD que acompañan al libro, fue grabado en vivo en el concierto realizado el 11 de octubre 2012 en el teatro ATE de la ciudad de Santa Fe, con la Orquesta Barroca del Suquía (director: Manfred Kraemer) y el Coro Polifónico Provincial de Santa Fe (director: Sergio Siminovich), bajo la dirección general de Sergio Siminovich. Esta grabación en vivo no fue pensada en función del libro, ya que en 2012 no existía aun la perspectiva de incluir en él un soporte de audio. La afortunada circunstancia de haber grabado el concierto nos permite ahora contar con material sonoro que puede considerarse un adecuado suplemento al texto. Dos palabras sobre los intérpretes: Los principales solistas, todos ellos de vasta trayectoria nacional e internacional, son: Mercedes Robledo, Mario Martínez, Pablo Travaglino y Mariano Fernández Bustinza; los dos primeros son, asimismo, integrantes del Coro Polifónico Provincial. Tanto el Coro como la Orquesta son conjuntos de alto nivel profesional, y Manfred Kraemer constituye una garantía de excelencia, ya que se trata de uno de los más destacados intérpretes de música barroca a nivel mundial. Quienes escuchen primorosamente esta versión podrán detectar en cuál porcentaje los talentosos intérpretes siguen los criterios enarbolados en el libro, y también en cuánto varían respecto de la malla inevitablemente estrecha de dichos esquemas. De ese modo también advertirán que no hay libro o "manual" que pueda condensar todas las valencias interpretativas, y así podrán disculpar generosamente las lagunas del "Barroco posible".

During his final years, Jenkins set up a charity that introduced the US-style foundation to Mexico, bought the second-largest bank, and became a political football amid the left wing versus right-wing struggle for dominance within the ruling party. The Mary Street Jenkins Foundation echoed the noblesse oblige of the US robber barons, but it also facilitated Jenkins’s continued shaping of Puebla politics, keeping power in conservative hands. With the help of his film-industry deputy, Manuel Espinosa Yglesias, he performed the first major hostile takeover in Mexican history, buying number-two bank Bancomer. Under President López Mateos, he continued to loom large but as an ultracapitalistic symbol of how the Mexican Revolution had lost its way—and thus as a tool of politicized gringophobia. Impervious to criticism, Jenkins dedicated his remaining energy to philanthropy and a cotton plantation in Michoacán. Distanced from his daughters, he would daily visit Mary’s grave and read to her. He died in 1963.

The EU’s pluralistic, nonhierarchical system of multilevel governance lacks clear structures of both government and opposition. According to the EU treaties, the presidency of the European Commission is thus not explicitly expected to exercise political leadership. However, the position cannot effectively be exercised without any demonstration of such leadership due to its many leadership functions. Examining this curious mix of strong political demands, weak institutional powers, and need for political leadership, this book systematically analyzes the political leadership performance of the presidents of the European Commission throughout the process of European integration. The basic argument is that Commission presidents matter not only in the process of European integration, but that their impact varies according to how the different incumbents deal with the institutional structure and the situational circumstances, and thus their available strategic choices. The primary research question is thus: What makes political leadership in European governance successful and to what extent (and why) do Commission presidents differ in their leadership performance? In addressing this question, this book departs from existing research on EU leadership, which has to date often analyzed either the EU’s institutional structure and its potential for leadership or mainly focused on only the most recent incumbents in case study analyses. Focusing on the multiterm European Commission presidents Walter Hallstein, Jacques Delors, and José Manuel Barroso, this book conceptualizes their political leadership as a performance, and thus systematically analyzes their agenda-setting, mediative-institutional, and public outreach performance over the entire course of their presidential terms.

La gravedad de la situación epidemiológica reciente en Latinoamérica, con la cocirculación de los virus del dengue, del chikungunya y de la fiebre de Zika, la aparición de casos de microcefalia y otros padecimientos asociados (p. ej., el síndrome de Guillain-Barré) y la emergencia de epizootias de fiebre amarilla, motivaron la declaración de emergencia en las Américas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en 2016.1 Ante la ausencia de un tratamiento específico y de vacunas contra el dengue, el chikungunya y el Zika, y considerando las limitaciones de las estrategias actuals de control vectorial, se urgió a incrementar y complementar las lternativas disponibles para mejorar el control del mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Además, existe la dificultad de mantener coberturas de vacunación homogéneas y adecuadas contra la fiebre amarilla en centros urbanos endémicos, lo cual conlleva el riesgo de la circulación urbana de dicha enfermedad … Manual para aplicar rociado residual intradomiciliario en zonas urbanas para el control de Aedes aegypti no solo está dirigido al personal operativo y los mandos medios y directivos de los programas de prevención y control de las enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes, sino también a la comunidad académica relacionada con la investigación operativa sobre RRI-Aedes, a los controladores de plagas privados y al público en general.

Prior to 1994, the media operated in an environment that can best be described as ‘suppressed’. Diversity of thoughts, views and opinions on media platforms were non-existent as the regime, at the time, ruled with an iron-fist. A variety of print media outlets sought to reflect reality, but it was a steady struggle especially for those with meagre resources, and exacerbated by the constant clampdowns. The state-run broadcaster, if anything, entrenched discriminatory principles and practices. Given our precarious past, the birth of democracy proved to be the perfect panacea for a promising pathway for the media fraternity. Transformation, in more ways than one, permeated the sector. Reflections of the South African Media: 1994-2019 is a compilation by authors who have peculiar insight of and excelled in the different areas of the fast-developing industry in the first 25 years of South Africa’s democracy. And they are no ordinary authors. Every chapter contributed came from women and men who had, through the years, a direct link with ML Sultan Technikon, Technikon Natal, Durban Institute of Technology (DIT) or Durban University of Technology (DUT) * either as a student, lecturer, visiting professor, speaker or associate. Compiling and editing this book has been an incredibly invigorating experience. It was never in doubt whose image will adorn the cover of the book, so it was beautifully uplifting that many authors, not knowing my choice, gave Nelson Mandela due recognition. My brief to the authors was simple: let me have your personal lookback in your own style on the topic that you are most comfortable with. All of them stepped up to the plate, and the vast array of content in the book bares strong testimony. A section titled Journeys in Journalism encapsulates input from alumni of DUT Journalism – they were afforded free reign to trace the territory they traversed. I’m indebted to each and every contributor for generously volunteering their precious time and talent to the book. They were simply magnificent. It has to be said that this publication far exceeded my expectations as it, initially, was a humble idea to celebrate 25 years of the media industry with a handful of contributions. Little did I realise that my desk will be flooded with 40 pieces of excellence and a Foreword penned by the brilliant Jeremy Thompson. My eternal gratitude must also be extended to the small team of assistants for understanding my vision upfront and rallying remarkably throughout. Once you’ve enjoyed the read, I invite you to share Reflections of the South African Media: 1994-2019 with whoever you believe can benefit from its rich and diverse content!

This book is the first anthology of perspectives on the future of text, one of our most important mediums for thinking and communicating, with a Foreword by the co-inventor of the Internet, Vint. Cerf and a Postscript by the founder of the modern Library of Alexandria, Ismail Serageldin. In a time with astounding developments in computer special effects in movies and the emergence of powerful AI, text has developed little beyond spellcheck and blue links. In this work we look at myriads of perspectives to inspire a rich future of text through contributions from academia, the arts, business and technology. We hope you will be as inspired as we are as to the potential power of text truly unleashed. Contributions by Adam Cheyer • Adam Kampff • Alan Kay • Alessio Antonini • Alex Holcombe • Amaranth Borsuk • Amira Hanafi • Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. • Anastasia Salter • Andy Matuschak & Michael Nielsen • Ann Bessemans & María Pérez Mena • Andries Van Dam • Anne-Laure Le Cunff • Anthon Botha • Azlen Ezla • Barbara Beeton • Belinda Barnet • Ben Shneiderman • Bernard Vatant • Bob Frankston • Bob Horn • Bob Stein • Catherine C. Marshall • Charles Bernstein • Chris Gebhardt • Chris Messina • Christian Bök • Christopher Gutteridge • Claus Atzenbeck • Daniel Russel • Danila Medvedev • Danny Snelson • Daveed Benjamin • Dave King • Dave Winer • David De Roure • David Jablonowski • David Johnson • David Lebow • David M. Durant • David Millard • David Owen Norris • David Price • David Weinberger • Dene Grigar • Denise Schmandt-Besserat • Derek Beaulieu • Doc Searls • Don Norman • Douglas Crockford • Duke Crawford • Ed Leahy • Elaine Treharne • Élika Ortega • Esther Dyson • Esther Wojcicki • Ewan Clayton • Fiona Ross • Fred Benenson & Tyler Shoemaker • Galfromdownunder, aka Lynette Chiang • Garrett Stewart • Gyuri Lajos • Harold Thimbleby • Howard Oakley • Howard Rheingold • Ian Cooke • Iian Neil • Jack Park • Jakob Voß • James Baker • James O’Sullivan • Jamie Blustein • Jane Yellowlees Douglas • Jay David Bolter • Jeremy Helm • Jesse Grosjean • Jessica Rubart • Joe Corneli • Joel Swanson • Johanna Drucker • Johannah Rodgers • John Armstrong • John Cayle • John-Paul Davidson • Joris J. van Zundert • Judy Malloy • Kari Kraus & Matthew Kirschenbaum • Katie Baynes • Keith Houston • Keith Martin • Kenny Hemphill • Ken Perlin • Leigh Nash • Leslie Carr • Lesia Tkacz • Leslie Lamport • Livia Polanyi • Lori Emerson • Luc Beaudoin & Daniel Jomphe • Lynette Chiang • Manuela González • Marc-Antoine Parent • Marc Canter • Mark Anderson • Mark Baker • Mark Bernstein • Martin Kemp • Martin Tiefenthaler • Maryanne Wolf • Matt Mullenweg • Michael Joyce • Mike Zender • Naomi S. Baron • Nasser Hussain • Neil Jefferies • Niels Ole Finnemann • Nick Montfort • Panda Mery • Patrick Lichty • Paul Smart • Peter Cho • Peter Flynn • Peter Jenson & Melissa Morocco • Peter J. Wasilko • Phil Gooch • Pip Willcox • Rafael Nepô • Raine Revere • Richard A. Carter • Richard Price • Richard Saul Wurman • Rollo Carpenter • Sage Jenson & Kit Kuksenok • Shane Gibson • Simon J. Buckingham Shum • Sam Brooker • Sarah Walton • Scott Rettberg • Sofie Beier • Sonja Knecht • Stephan Kreutzer • Stephanie Strickland • Stephen Lekson • Stevan Harnad • Steve Newcomb • Stuart Moulthrop • Ted Nelson • Teodora Petkova • Tiago Forte • Timothy Donaldson • Tim Ingold • Timur Schukin & Irina Antonova • Todd A. Carpenter • Tom Butler-Bowdon • Tom Standage • Tor Nørretranders • Valentina Moressa • Ward Cunningham • Dame Wendy Hall • Zuzana Husárová. Student Competition Winner Niko A. Grupen, and competition runner ups Catherine Brislane, Corrie Kim, Mesut Yilmaz, Elizabeth Train-Brown, Thomas John Moore, Zakaria Aden, Yahye Aden, Ibrahim Yahie, Arushi Jain, Shuby Deshpande, Aishwarya Mudaliar, Finbarr Condon-English, Charlotte Gray, Aditeya Das, Wesley Finck, Jordan Morrison, Duncan Reid, Emma Brodey, Gage Nott, Aditeya Das and Kamil Przespolewski. Edited by Frode Hegland.

O conhecimento se fabrica nos múltiplos circuitos da linguagem e em conexões estabelecidas nos próprios efeitos dos saberes humanos. As dinâmicas dos discursos, as práticas de ensino e os territórios das artes são algumas fronteiras que deslizam entre conceitos e experiências, significantes e significados. Em As palavras e as coisas, Michel Foucault (2007) reflete que “a linguagem representa o pensamento como o pensamento se representa a si mesmo”. Nesses termos, a produção crítica e intelectual constrói um jogo em que os textos se transformam em repositórios daquilo que somos e buscamos representar através das palavras. Cada repositório pode ser classificado como uma cena que opera dentro e através da linguagem, de modo que sua força é determinada por sua capacidade de intervir nas práticas sociais e, consequentemente, transformá-las. É reconhecendo a presença da diversidade produzida nas esferas do conhecimento humano que o livro Conexões: Linguagens e Educação em Cena, organizado por Nathalia Bezerra da Silva Ferreira, José Wandsson do Nascimento Batista, Lívia Karolinny Gomes de Queiroz, Isabela Feitosa Lima Garcia e Ana Flávia Matos Freire, representa um espaço de circulação de ideias e práticas críticas imprescindíveis para estudantes, professores e pesquisadores das Letras e outros campos de estudo. As demandas acerca da linguagem, da cultura e da sociedade nunca se esgotam. Dessa forma, abrem-se novas margens e cenários de saberes relacionados à Linguística, Literatura, Educação e à História que nos ajudam a interpretar e aperfeiçoar o entendimento das relações de poder e das interações entre os sujeitos. É urgente que, em nossas experiências docentes e discentes, exerçamos o papel de mediar a produção do conhecimento entre a academia e outras organizações sociais, criando visibilidades para que os espaços dos saberes sejam cada vez mais democráticos e inclusivos. O livro reúne textos-cartografias – produzidos por professores, alunos de pós-graduação e demais pesquisadores – que lançam perspectivas multidisciplinares das instâncias da linguagem, da educação e da formação política – envolvendo vários atores sociais – e promovem estratégias de leitura diante dos desafios da contemporaneidade. Nesse sentido, o capítulo de abertura, intitulado “A modalidade volitiva em relatos de pacientes que superaram a Covid-19”, André Silva Oliveira descreve e analisa através da modalidade volitiva os comportamentos de pessoas que divulgaram seus relatos na internet acerca da superação da doença. No contexto da pandemia que enfrentamos atualmente torna-se relevante a vigilância dos efeitos desta enfermidade que se instaura no imaginário dos sujeitos. No Capítulo 2, intitulado “Reflexões sobre a linguística e a semiótica: revisão teórica e um exemplo de aplicação”, Jancen Sérgio Lima de Oliveira investiga as distinções e as semelhanças entre a linguística e a semiótica tendo como ponto de partida a produção de imagens no mundo contemporâneo. Em outro espectro de pesquisa, no Capítulo 3, “Gêneros orais: objetos de ensino como suporte às aulas de língua portuguesa”, George Pereira Brito inscreve um estudo para situar os gêneros orais no ensino de língua portuguesa, atentando para o papel dos docentes no desenvolvimento da oralidade como uma prática fundamental na formação estudantil.No Capítulo 4, “As interfaces da leitura: decodificação e compreensão leitora”, de Alessandra Figueiró Thornton, discute a formação leitora dos estudantes da Educação Básica, destacando a necessidade de políticas que desenvolvam as habilidades relacionadas à proficiência leitora nas escolas. Lidando com outras molduras da linguagem, mais precisamente no campo da literatura, no Capítulo 5, “Vozes femininas tecendo a resistência no enfrentamento às violências nos contos de Insubmissas lágrimas de mulheres, de Conceição Evaristo”, escrito por Maria Valdenia da Silva, Maria José Rolim, Diely da Cruz Lopes e José Ronildo Holanda Lima, observamos uma análise das profundas marcas da violência de gênero representadas na literatura de Evaristo e os atos de resistência das personagens, que lutam para produzir outras escrevivências no tecer do texto literário. Ainda no contexto dos estudos literários, Nathalia Bezerra da Silva Ferreira, no Capítulo 6, “Ressignificações no conto de fada ‘Entre a espada e a rosa’, de Marina Colasanti”, estuda as ressonâncias entre o conto “Entre a espada e a rosa”, de Marina Colasanti e o conto “Pele de Asno”, de Charles Perrault. A autora explora o imaginário da literatura infanto-juvenil e confronta ambas as narrativas para identificar intertextos e rastros entre o texto clássico e o moderno. No Capítulo 7, intitulado “A morte com véu branco: uma análise da poesia de Emily Dickinson”, Brena Kézzia de Lima Ferreira e Francisco Carlos Carvalho da Silva analisam a obra poética de Dickinson com foco na representação da morte e suas figurações simbólicas que acentuam as incertezas da existência humana. Expandindo as cenas de pesquisa, no Capítulo 8, “A formação leitora: uma proposta metodológica com um poema de Manoel de Barros”, André de Araújo Pinheiro, Kamilla Katinllyn Fernandes dos Santos e Verônica Maria de Araújo Pontes desenvolvem um procedimento metodológico baseado em jogos teatrais e sequências básicas para fornecer estratégias e dinâmicas de leitura que visam propiciar maior proficiência leitora entre os sujeitos participantes.Tomando como ponto de discussão os fundamentos do letramento literário, no Capítulo 9, “Novas práticas de leitura literária à luz do teatro do oprimido”, Danyelle Ribeiro Vasconcelos situa as práticas de leitura do texto literário dentro de uma perspectiva crítico-reflexiva, gerada a partir do livro Capitães da Areia, de Jorge Amado, em diálogo com o método teatral do Teatro do Oprimido, desenvolvido por Augusto Boal, com o intuito de transformar o ato de ler literatura em uma prática emancipatória, em que o território da sala de aula passa a ser o palco de jogos dramáticos, onde os alunos assumem importantes papeis sociais. No Capítulo 10, “Letramento na educação infantil a partir do livro A vida íntima de Laura, de Clarice Lispector”, os autores Nadja Maria de Menezes Morais, Laís Correia Teófilo de Souza, Jôse Pessoa de Lima e Marinalva Pereira de Araújo traçam um perfil da formação leitora e infantil baseada nas experiências de leitura literária. Nesse contexto de aprendizagem, o livro de Lispector permite estimular a reflexão em torno da importância do letramento literário desde os primeiros anos da vida escolar. Em conexão com a temática, em “Multiletramentos na escola: proposta de leitura do hipertexto ‘Um estudo em vermelho’, de Marcelo Spalding”, Capítulo 11, Angélica Benício Alves e Sandro César Silveira Jucá, atentos acerca das novas situações comunicativas geradas por ambientes virtuais, exploram a existência de gêneros literários digitais e refletem sobre suas aplicabilidades na sala de aula para promover práticas de leitura e, como resultado disso, desenvolver condições de multiletramento nos espaços educacionais. Dando continuidade, em “O ser criança e a sexualização infantil em face ao discurso midiático: O Caderno Rosa de Lori Lamby”, Capítulo 12, Elane da Silva Plácido e Maria da Conceição Santos tomam como objeto de estudo o livro Caderno Rosa de Lori Lamby, da escritora Hilda Hilst, para analisar as nuances da personagem Lori em face da influência midiática no processo de sexualização e adultização do corpo infantil, provocando impactos na identidade da criança. É por meio do Capítulo 13, designado “Canciones que el tiempo no borra: memorias, censura y canciones bregas en el contexto de la dictadura civil-militar en Brasil (1964-1985)”, escrito em espanhol por Lívia Karolinny Gomes de Queiroz, Isaíde Bandeira da Silva e Edmilson Alves Maia Júnior, que aprendemos sobre os efeitos da censura na arte, mais precisamente na música brega, tida como manifestação artística imprópria aos valores defendidos pelo regime militar no Brasil (1964-1985). Os autores examinam os impactos da censura na sociedade da época, mas também enunciam como a música pode expressar as contínuas tensões de um momento histórico. Maria Julieta Fai Serpa e Sales, Francinalda Machado Stascxak e Maria Aparecida Alves da Costa refletem em “O vínculo entre o estado e a igreja católica no Brasil imperial (1822-1889) e sua reverberação na educação”, Capítulo 14 desta coletânea, a relação da Igreja Católica com o Estado na época do império, identificando as implicações deste vínculo na história da educação brasileira. Por sua vez, o Capítulo 15, “As contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural para o ensino na educação infantil: uma revisão de literatura”, assinado por Camila Alvares Sofiati, foca na compreensão do processo de aprendizagem infantil a partir das teorias de Vigotski, em que o trabalho pedagógico com crianças é observado. Já no Capítulo 16, intitulado “Proposta e currículo no contexto educacional do ensino infantil brasileiro”, também de Marcus Vinicius Peralva Santos, o autor produz um panorama de pesquisas sobre propostas curriculares direcionadas ao ensino infantil no Brasil, averiguando como os projetos políticos pedagógicos contemplam as novas demandas da sociedade contemporânea. No capítulo seguinte, “As contribuições do NTPPS na aprendizagem de língua inglesa numa escola pública de Pacoti – CE”, Capítulo 17, as autoras Francisca Marilene de Castro Rodrigues e Isabela Feitosa Lima Garcia contextualizam os desafios do ensino de língua inglesa nas escolas brasileiras e apresentam princípios metodológicos que visam dirimir as problemáticas em torno da aprendizagem do inglês, reforçando a necessidade de produzir um modelo de ensino que coloque no centro do processo o conhecimento do aluno em relação às interfaces de cognição. Dessa forma, as autoras abrem perspectivas positivas para o ensino-aprendizagem do idioma em questão.O Capítulo 18, “A utilização do blog pelas escolas estaduais de educação profissional de Juazeiro do Norte – CE”, as autoras Maria Francimar Teles de Souza e Rosa Cruz Macêdo abordam o blog como uma ferramenta digital fundamental na divulgação de atividades escolares e mapeiam seus usos em escolas estaduais de ensino profissionalizante na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – CE. Em outro contexto de pesquisa, no Capítulo 19, “Intervenções inter/multidisciplinares em crianças disléxicas”, Wanda Luzia Caldas de Brito e Maria Josefina Ferreira da Silva investigam, através de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, questões relacionadas à dislexia em crianças e como tal condição afeta o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem nos anos escolares, evidenciando a necessidade de que os profissionais sejam subsidiados de informações sobre como lidar com o diagnóstico deste transtorno e, consequentemente, possam proporcionar um bom ambiente de ensino. No Capítulo 20, intitulado “A importância da interação e do material adaptado para o processo cognitivo do aluno com necessidades educacionais especiais”, Samara de Oliveira Lima, Sanara Macedo Sousa e Sabrina de oliveira Marques abordam o progresso do aluno com Necessidade Educacional Especial (NEE) e a importância de sua inclusão no contexto escolar. Para isso, os autores entendem que o professor tem um papel importante no processo de acolhimento e na ação de produzir materiais adaptáveis para o ensino. Traçando outro cenário de reflexão, no horizonte do Capítulo 21, nomeado “O papel do tutor no contexto da educação a distância: uma análise dos estudos brasileiros até 2020”, Marcus Vinicius Peralva Santos concentra-se na função do tutor no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da educação a distância, trazendo à tona os desafios que os profissionais da área enfrentam e as necessidades oriundas de suas práticas. Já no Capítulo 22, “O ensino remoto na visão docente: desafios e perspectivas”, Elizete Pereira de Oliva Leão e Mauricio Alves de Souza Pereira avaliam as condições do ensino remoto a partir da experiência de professores de uma escola pública da cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Os dados levantados pelos autores apontam para problemas que precisam ser superados, especialmente relacionados ao acesso das mídias digitais e à formação continuada dos docentes, para que estejam preparados para o uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs). O capítulo seguinte aborda práticas do contexto de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas. “O processo de elaboração das organizações didáticas no contexto da residência pedagógica de língua portuguesa”, Capítulo 23, George Pereira Brito e Maria Beatriz Bezerra de Brito dedicam-se a examinar as produções de Organizações Didáticas de um programa de residência pedagógica para o ensino médio desenvolvido pela Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, com o objetivo de dar suporte aos alunos bolsistas para que tenham em mãos materiais adequados para o ensino de português. No horizonte da educação básica e suas diversas disciplinas, o Capítulo 24, com o título de “Química verde: análises das concepções de alunos do ensino médio”, de autoria de Michelle de Moraes Brito, Kariny Mery Araujo Cunha, Francilene Pereira da Silva e Márcia Valéria Silva Lima, atende às demandas da educação ambiental, uma vez que, preocupadas com os vários níveis de degradação do meio ambiente, as autoras analisam a percepção de alunos do ensino médio acerca das problemáticas ambientais, na perspectiva da Química Verde, atribuindo a importância de formar sujeitos mais conscientes acerca dos problemas ocasionados pela ação humana na natureza. No Capítulo 25, “As licenciaturas em química ead e presencial nos IF: uma análise dos projetos pedagógicos de cursos e as implicações na formação docente”, os autores Dylan Ávila Alves, Nyuara Araújo da Silva Mesquita, Raiane Silva Lemes e Abecy Antônio Rodrigues Neto avaliam cursos de licenciatura em Química de Institutos Federais em sua modalidade de Ensino a Distância (EaD) e comparam as suas especificidades – direcionadas aos alunos – com o modelo de ensino tradicional. Nos dois últimos capítulos, percebendo a emergência das novas tecnologias nas práticas educacionais, Karina Pereira Carvalho, Mariana da Costa Teles, Marcelo Augusto Costa Vilano e Vinícius Pedro Damasceno Lima destacam, no Capítulo 26, “Ensino remoto da matemática a partir das tecnologias digitais: a importância dos jogos digitais como ferramenta auxiliar da aprendizagem”, o papel de jogos digitais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da matemática e como essas ferramentas auxiliam no desenvolvimento de habilidades de raciocínio lógico e cognição. Em diálogo com a área, no Capítulo 27, “A modelagem matemática utilizada para ensinar funções e aplicações”, Karina Pereira Carvalho trabalha com a modelagem matemática como princípio norteador do ensino das funções e aplicações, objetivando apresentar soluções para lidar com as dificuldades dos alunos relacionadas ao tema. Apresentadas as coordenadas iniciais de cada capítulo do Livro Conexões: Linguagens e Educação em Cena, convidamos o leitor para que adentre nas páginas desta coletânea e deixe fluir essas cenas de aprendizagem na sua formação humana. Como declara Paulo Freire, no livro Educação como prática da liberdade (1967), “há uma pluralidade nas relações do homem com o mundo, na medida em que responde à ampla variedade dos seus desafios.” Nesse sentido, esta obra fornece diversos olhares sobre alguns desafios que os autores e autoras enfrentam em suas experiências humanas. Suas contribuições são plurais e buscam responder as problemáticas da linguagem, da educação, da literatura e da sociedade que os cerca. Uma última assertiva: os conhecimentos são mutáveis, o que permanece é o desejo de produzir novos pensamentos e afetos transformadores.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.