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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Basal ganglia model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Søiland, Stian. "Sequence learning in a model of the basal ganglia." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9312.

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<p>This thesis presents a computational model of the basal ganglia that is able to learn sequences and perform action selection. The basal ganglia is a set of structures in the human brain involved in everything from action selection to reinforcement learning, inspiring research in psychology, neuroscience and computer science. Two temporal difference models of the basal ganglia based on previous work have been reimplemented. Several experiments and analyses help understand and describe the original works. This uncovered flaws and problems that is addressed.</p>

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2

Senatore, Rosa. "The role of basal ganglia and cerebellum in motor learning. A computational model." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/373.

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2010 - 2011<br>Our research activity investigates the computational processes underlying the execution of complex sequences of movements and aims at understanding how different levels of the nervous system interact and contribute to the gradual improvement of motor performance during learning. Many research areas, from neuroscience to engineering, investigate, from different perspectives and for diverse purposes, the processes that allow humans to efficiently perform skilled movements. From a biological point of view, the execution of voluntary movements requires the interaction between

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3

Silva, Miranda B. A. "The role of prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia in model-based and model-free reinforcement learning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1475076/.

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Contemporary reinforcement learning (RL) theory suggests that choices can be evaluated either by the model-free (MF) strategy of learning their past worth or the model-based (MB) strategy of predicting their likely consequences based on learning how decision states eventually transition to outcomes. Statistical and computational considerations argue that these strategies should ideally be combined. This thesis aimed to investigate the neural implementation of these two RL strategies and the mechanisms of their interactions. Two non-human primates performed a two-stage decision task designed to

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4

Kumbhare, Deepak. "ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF BASAL GANGLIA (BG) CIRCUITRY AND DYSTONIA AS A MODEL OF MOTOR CONTROL DYSFUNCTION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4305.

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The basal ganglia (BG) is a complex set of heavily interconnected nuclei located in the central part of the brain that receives inputs from the several areas of the cortex and projects via the thalamus back to the prefrontal and motor cortical areas. Despite playing a significant part in multiple brain functions, the physiology of the BG and associated disorders like dystonia remain poorly understood. Dystonia is a devastating condition characterized by ineffective, twisting movements, prolonged co-contractions and contorted postures. Evidences suggest that it occurs due to abnormal discharge

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5

Du, Zhuowei. "Caractérisation of GABAergic neurotransmission within basal ganglia circuit in R6/1 Huntington's disease mouse model." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0046/document.

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Nous avons étudié les récepteurs GABAA dans un modèle de la maladie de Huntington. En combinant des approches biochimiques, moléculaires, électrophysiologiques et de l’imagerie haute résolution, nous avons montré une modification de la neurotransmission GABAergique chez des animaux à des stades pre- et post-symptomatiques. Nos études montrent une diminution de de la neurotransmission GABAergique dans le globus pallidus des souris Huntington qui pourrait conduire à une modification des noyaux de sortie des ganglions de la base et de l’activité motrice. L’ensemble de nos résultats permet de défi

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6

Slewa, Barbara Lidia [Verfasser]. "Electrophysiological activity of basal ganglia under deep brain stimulation in the rat model / Barbara Lidia Slewa." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223451445/34.

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7

Haynes, William. "When anatomy drives physiology : expanding the actor-critic model of the basal ganglia to new subthalamus connections." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066662/document.

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Les noyaux gris centraux (ganglions de la base en anglais) sont un réseau de structures sous-corticales dont la persistance dans l'ensemble des vertébrés plaide en faveur d'une fonction clef au cours de l'évolution. Comme ce fut remarqué dès le 18ème siècle, ils ont l'unique particularité de concentrer des afférences de l'entièreté de la surface corticale. Cette position centrale et l'analyse de l'anatomie du réseau leur ont valu le rôle d'arbitre central du cerveau, réglant les conflits entre processus neuronaux concomitants bien qu'incompatibles. Au sein du réseau, le noyau subthalamique jou

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8

Zachrisson, Love. "HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172265.

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Dopamine replacement therapy is the main method of treating Parkinson’s Disease (PD), however over time this treatment causes increasingly abnormal, involuntary movements. This symptom, known as Levodopa-Induced-Dyskinesia (LID) is associated with aberrant, high frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the motor cortex and basal ganglia, as demonstrated with implanted electrodes in human Parkinson’s patients as well as in a rat model of Parkinson’s Disease. However, despite efforts to determine if the same high frequency oscillations are also present during dyskinesia in the widespread 6-OHDA mouse mo

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9

Thurnham, A. J. "Computational modelling of the neural systems involved in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1842.

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The aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the neural systems involved in schizophrenia by suggesting possible avenues for future computational modelling in an attempt to make sense of the vast number of studies relating to the symptoms and cognitive deficits relating to the disorder. This multidisciplinary research has covered three different levels of analysis: abnormalities in the microscopic brain structure, dopamine dysfunction at a neurochemical level, and interactions between cortical and subcortical brain areas, connected by cortico-basal ganglia circuit loops; and has c

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10

Canudas, Teixidó Anna-Maria. "Estudi de la degeneració transneuronal en models de malalties que afecten als ganglis basals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672867.

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L'objectiu general d'aquest treball és aprofundir en l'estudi de la fisiopatologia de les malalties degeneratives, un dels objectius principals per a la farmacologia actual degut a l'increment de la seva incidència en les últimes dècades. Mitjançant la utilització de models experimentals d 'aquestes patologies s'han plantejat diferents objectius més concrets: A.- Induir la malaltia de Parkinson experimental a través de la injecció de l'MPP+ en la substància negra de rata. A1.-Estudiar la resposta glial en el nucli estriat després de La degeneració anterograda de les neurones dop

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11

Kennedy, Samantha F. "Possible breakdown of dopamine receptor synergism in a mouse model of Huntington's Disease." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2415.

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The model of basal ganglia function proposed by Albin, Young and Penney (1989) describes two anatomically independent motor pathways, the direct and indirect. However, under normal conditions striatal dopamine (DA) is required for the expression of motor behavior, and DAergic control of the two pathways (via D1 and D2 receptors, respectively) is dependent on co-activation. We tested for a possible breakdown of D1/D2 synergism using transgenic R6/1 mice bearing the human huntingtin allele (Htt). Motor stereotypy, observed prior to the onset of HD-related symptoms, was rated on a 5-point scale f

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12

Kamali, Sarvestani Iman. "Subsystems of the basal ganglia and motor infrastructure." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Beräkningsbiologi, CB, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136745.

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The motor nervous system is one of the main systems of the body and is our principle means ofbehavior. Some of the most debilitating and wide spread disorders are motor systempathologies. In particular the basal ganglia are complex networks of the brain that control someaspects of movement in all vertebrates. Although these networks have been extensively studied,lack of proper methods to study them on a system level has hindered the process ofunderstanding what they do and how they do it. In order to facilitate this process I have usedcomputational models as an approach that can faithfully tak

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13

Vitay, Julien, and Fred H. Hamker. "Timing and expectation of reward: a neuro-computational model of the afferents to the ventral tegmental area." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-147898.

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Neural activity in dopaminergic areas such as the ventral tegmental area is influenced by timing processes, in particular by the temporal expectation of rewards during Pavlovian conditioning. Receipt of a reward at the expected time allows to compute reward-prediction errors which can drive learning in motor or cognitive structures. Reciprocally, dopamine plays an important role in the timing of external events. Several models of the dopaminergic system exist, but the substrate of temporal learning is rather unclear. In this article, we propose a neuro-computational model of the afferent netwo

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14

Stewart, Robert Douglas. "Spiking neural network models of the basal ganglia : cortically-evoked response patterns and action selection properties." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445121.

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15

Liénard, Jean. "Models of the Basal Ganglia : Study of the Functional Anatomy and Pathophysiology using Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066125.

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Nous avons étudié les ganglions de la base (GB) sous un angle théorique, au travers de modèles conçus avec des algorithmes évolutionnistes multiobjectifs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons caractérisé les possibles corrélats neuronaux de la sélection supposément opérés par les GB, via l’étude de deux modèles: le CBG (Girard et al. 2008) et le GPR (Gurney et al. 2001). Les voies directe et indirecte sont importantes; la boucle thalamique, indifférente; la projection GPe → GPi/SNr, antagoniste à la sélection. La connexion GPe → MSN et le caractère diffus de GPe → GPi/SNr expliquent la meilleure

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16

Prabhu, Shivadatta. "Effets de la stimulation cérébrale profonde dans l'épilepsie focale motrice." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949064.

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Les crises d'épilepsie proviennent d'une synchronisation pathologique de réseaux neuronaux du cortex. Les crises motrices, générées à partir du cortex moteur primaire, sont souvent pharmaco-résistantes. La résection neurochirurgicale du foyer épileptique est rarement l'option thérapeutique de choix au regard des risques de deficits moteurs potentiellement induits par la résection. Les ganglions de la base ont un rôle important dans la propagation des crises. Des enregistrements par micro-électrode réalisés dans une précédente étude ont montré que les activités des structures d'entrée des gangl

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17

Ng, Tsz Wa. "Effect of small interfering RNA specific for N-methyl-D-asparate receptor two B in models of Parkinson's disease." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1226.

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18

Weiss, Alexander R. "Novel approaches to studying the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in cognition and Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c827764b-af3b-4397-90cc-039f40fab460.

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The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked to the emergence of exaggerated oscillatory activity in the 13 - 35 Hz beta range in recordings of the basal ganglia (BG) thalamocortical circuit of PD patients and animal models. PD patients and animal models also express dopamine-dependent cognitive impairments, implying effects of dopamine loss on the function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This thesis examines the electrophysiological behavior of the BG thalamocortical circuit in PD and dopamine-normal states during cognitive and motor activity. In vivo recordings in

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19

Anwar, Sabina Zareen. "Functional characterisation of synuclein-based novel genetic mouse models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b14fc29e-2bc8-4a31-865b-f4ec0e0f6f2c.

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Synucleins are highly conserved presynaptic proteins with unknown function. α-synuclein plays a key role regulating dopamine homeostasis and is intimately involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, the normal/pathological role of α-synuclein remains unidentified. Studies exploring its function are limited as current transgenic mouse models do not fully recapitulate PD pathology. This thesis reports the functional characterisation of two novel synuclein-based mouse models. I report the molecular and functional characterisation of transgenic mouse lines with wild-typ

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20

Durieux, Pierre. "Striatum mosaic disassembling: shedding light on striatal neuronal type functions by selective ablation in genetic models." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209996.

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The striatum represents the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia, a system of subcortical nuclei critically involved into motor control and motivational processes and altered in several conditions such as Parkinson’s diseases or drug addiction. The projection neurons of the striatum are GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid) medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), and account for the large majority of striatal neurons, while interneurons represent about 10% of striatal cells. The MSNs are subdivided into two subpopulations that form two main efferent pathways: the striatonigral and striatopallidal neur

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21

Kitto, Michael Ryan. "Biconditional discrimination learning in rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3002.

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The experiment tested the hypothesis that 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats would impair performance in a biconditional visual discrimination task, which requires configural association learning. Experiment used 22 male Long-Evan rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley). Behavioral testing was conducted in two identical T-mazes. Rats were randomly assigned to either a bilateral 192 IgG-saporin lesion group (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 12). Results support the hypothesis that NBM is critically involved in configural but not simple association learning and s

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22

Chaves, Rodriguez Elena. "Differential involvement of striatal medium spiny neurons subpopulations on decision-making processes in mice." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/286721.

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Decision-making is necessary to adapt to the variable environment in everyday life. During this process, our goal is to select the most beneficial course of action in order to obtain the best outcome, to develop efficient choice strategies. That is, estimating the probability to obtain any of the available outcomes as well as their value. Moreover, poor decision-making ability is a common symptom to several psychiatric disorders, such as pathological gambling, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.The cognitive and emotional mechanisms controlling decision-making processes depend, amo

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23

(5929673), Pierson J. Fleischer. "A Unified Model of Rule-Set Learning and Selection." Thesis, 2019.

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24

Περάκης, Δημήτρης. "Μελέτη της λειτουργικής υπόθεσης της επιλογής δράσεως από τα βασικά γάγγλια". 2006. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/446.

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Μελέτη της υπόθεσης ότι τα βασικά γάγγλια, μία κεντρική δομή του εγκεφάλου, συμμετέχει ενεργά στην επιλογή της κατάλληλης δράσης. Προσπάθεια μοντελοποίησης της λειτουργίας των βασικών γαγγλίων κια προσομοίωση παθολογικών καταστάσεων του ανθρώπινου εγκεφάλου.<br>Stydy of the hypothesis that the basal ganglia, a major structure in the mamalian brain, plays a crusial role in the selection of the appropriate action. In this direction we try to simulate the functionality of the basal ganglia as well the pathophysiological conditions (Parkinson, Huntington disease) related to them.

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25

So, Rosa Qi Yue. "Mechanisms of Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5466.

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<p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat the motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Although this therapy has been widely applied, the mechanisms of action underlying its effectiveness remain unclear. The goal of this dissertation was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS by quantifying changes in neuronal activity in the basal ganglia during both effective and ineffective DBS.</p><p>Two different approaches were adopted in this study. The first approach was the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model.

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26

Rodrigues, Matilde Sofia Guerreiro da Costa. "Hypoadenosinergic pathologies in a rat model of the Willis-Ekbom disease." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93943.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Bioquímica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia<br>A doença de Willis-Ekbom, também conhecida como síndrome da perna inquieta, é uma doença neurológica caracterizada pelos seus sintomas. Os portadores experienciam uma inquietante necessidade de estar em movimento, mesmo quando se encontram em repouso sendo que, há um agravamento dos sintomas no período noturno. Outro aspeto clínico é o experienciamento de pequenos episódios de despertares durante o sono, que normalmente precedem o início do movimento das pernas. Dado o estado de excitamento, acredita-se q

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27

Dovzhenok, Andrey A. "Mathematical Models of Basal Ganglia Dynamics." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3357.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Physical and biological phenomena that involve oscillations on multiple time scales attract attention of mathematicians because resulting equations include a small parameter that allows for decomposing a three- or higher-dimensional dynamical system into fast/slow subsystems of lower dimensionality and analyzing them independently using geometric singular perturbation theory and other techniques. However, in most life sciences applications observed dynamics is extremely complex, no small parameter exists and this approach fails. Neve

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28

Φραγκιουδάκη, Κλεοπάτρα. "Μελέτη των υπομονάδων των υποδοχέων διεγερτικών και ανασταλτικών αμινοξέων στον εγκέφαλο ενός γενετικού μοντέλου της νόσου Parkinson". 2005. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/370.

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Η παρούσα διατριβή ασχολήθηκε με τη μελέτη της έκφρασης των υπομονάδων των υποδοχέων του γλουταμινικού οξέος και του γ-αμινοβουτυρικού οξέος (GABA) στα βασικά γάγγλια και τον φλοιό των εγκεφαλικών ημισφαιρίων του μυός weaver. Παράλληλα, μελετήθηκε η έκφραση των νευροπεπτιδίων εγκεφαλίνης και δυνορφίνης στα βασικά γάγγλια του μυός weaver. O μυς weaver χαρακτηρίζεται από προοδευτική, γενετικά επαγόμενη εκφύλιση των ντοπαμινεργικών κυττάρων του μεσεγκεφάλου, κυρίως αυτών οι οποίοι καταλήγουν στο ραβδωτό σώμα. Για αυτόν τον λόγο, θεωρείται ένα καλό μοντέλο της νόσου Parkinson και η μελέτη των νευρ

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Πούλου, Παρασκευή. "Αλληλεπιδράσεις των συστημάτων νευροδιαβίβασης ντοπαμίνης/αδενοσίνης στον εγκέφαλο των "weaver" μυών, γενετικού μοντέλου ντοπαμινεργικής απονεύρωσης". Thesis, 2007. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/593.

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Η παρούσα εργασία αφορά στη μελέτη της ανταγωνιστικής αλληλεπίδρασης των Α1/D1 υποδοχέων στο επίπεδο έκφρασης του πρώιμου γονιδίου zif/268 (δείκτης νευρωνικής δραστηριότητας) και της in vivo μεταγωγής σήματος των Α1 και Α2Α υποδοχέων αδενοσίνης κάτω από τη ντοπαμινεργική απονεύρωση στο μυ weaver. Ο μυς weaver αποτελεί ένα γενετικό μοντέλο ντοπαμινεργικής απονεύρωσης, η οποία συμβαίνει σταδιακά, έτσι ώστε το μοντέλο αυτό να προσομοιάζει τη Νόσο Πάρκινσον (ΝΠ) στον άνθρωπο. Στο πρώτο στάδιο της μελέτης προέκυψε το ενδιαφέρον αποτέλεσμα ότι με την ταυτόχρονη ενεργοποίηση των Α1 και D1 υποδοχέων

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O'Connell, Adam Brett. "Development of an acute excitotoxic model of Huntington's disease in sheep." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/127292.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. The earliest and most severe neuropathological change in HD occurs within the striatum. Exogenous excitotoxic lesioning of the rodent and non-human primate (NHP) striatum is used to model HD. Apart from NHPs, no other excitotoxic large animal model of HD has been established. Sheep have the potential to be an important species for modelling neurodegenerative disease, primarily because of neuroanatomical similarities between the sheep and human brain. This thesis describes the development of an excitotoxic sheep mode

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Kundu, Madan Gopal. "Advanced Modeling of Longitudinal Spectroscopy Data." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5454.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a neuroimaging technique. It is widely used to quantify the concentration of important metabolites in a brain tissue. Imbalance in concentration of brain metabolites has been found to be associated with development of neurological impairment. There has been increasing trend of using MR spectroscopy as a diagnosis tool for neurological disorders. We established statistical methodology to analyze data obtained from the MR spectroscopy in the context of the HIV associated neurological disorder. F

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