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Journal articles on the topic 'Basal radial glia cells (bRG)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 16 November 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Kullmann, Jan A., Sophie Meyer, Fabrizia Pipicelli, et al. "Profilin1-Dependent F-Actin Assembly Controls Division of Apical Radial Glia and Neocortex Development." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 6 (2019): 3467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz321.

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Abstract Neocortex development depends on neural stem cell proliferation, cell differentiation, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration. Cytoskeletal regulation is critical for all these processes, but the underlying mechanisms are only poorly understood. We previously implicated the cytoskeletal regulator profilin1 in cerebellar granule neuron migration. Since we found profilin1 expressed throughout mouse neocortex development, we here tested the hypothesis that profilin1 is crucial for neocortex development. We found no evidence for impaired neuron migration or layering in the neocortex of prof

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Penisson, Maxime, Mingyue Jin, Shengming Wang, Shinji Hirotsune, Fiona Francis, and Richard Belvindrah. "Lis1 mutation prevents basal radial glia-like cell production in the mouse." Human Molecular Genetics 31, no. 6 (2021): 942–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab295.

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Abstract Human cerebral cortical malformations are associated with progenitor proliferation and neuronal migration abnormalities. Progenitor cells include apical radial glia, intermediate progenitors and basal (or outer) radial glia (bRGs or oRGs). bRGs are few in number in lissencephalic species (e.g. the mouse) but abundant in gyrencephalic brains. The LIS1 gene coding for a dynein regulator, is mutated in human lissencephaly, associated also in some cases with microcephaly. LIS1 was shown to be important during cell division and neuronal migration. Here, we generated bRG-like cells in the m

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Sawada, Kazuhiko. "Neurogenesis of Subventricular Zone Progenitors in the Premature Cortex of Ferrets Facilitated by Neonatal Valproic Acid Exposure." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 4882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094882.

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The present study evaluated the neurogenesis of neonatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure on subventricular zone progenitors of the developing cerebral cortex in ferrets. VPA was injected at a dose of 200 µg/g of body weight into ferret infants on postnatal days 6 and 7. Two different thymidine analogues, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), were injected with a 48 h interval to label proliferating cells before and after VPA exposure. Two hours after BrdU injection, BrdU single- and EdU/BrdU double-labeled cells, but not EdU single-labeled cells, were significantly d

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Meyerink, Brandon L., Neeraj K. Tiwari, and Louis-Jan Pilaz. "Ariadne’s Thread in the Developing Cerebral Cortex: Mechanisms Enabling the Guiding Role of the Radial Glia Basal Process during Neuron Migration." Cells 10, no. 1 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010003.

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Radial neuron migration in the developing cerebral cortex is a complex journey, starting in the germinal zones and ending in the cortical plate. In mice, migratory distances can reach several hundreds of microns, or millimeters in humans. Along the migratory path, radially migrating neurons slither through cellularly dense and complex territories before they reach their final destination in the cortical plate. This task is facilitated by radial glia, the neural stem cells of the developing cortex. Indeed, radial glia have a unique bipolar morphology, enabling them to serve as guides for neuron

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Pereida-Jaramillo, Elizabeth, Gabriela B. Gómez-González, Angeles Edith Espino-Saldaña, and Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres. "Calcium Signaling in the Cerebellar Radial Glia and Its Association with Morphological Changes during Zebrafish Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (2021): 13509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413509.

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Radial glial cells are a distinct non-neuronal cell type that, during development, span the entire width of the brain walls of the ventricular system. They play a central role in the origin and placement of neurons, since their processes form structural scaffolds that guide and facilitate neuronal migration. Furthermore, glutamatergic signaling in the radial glia of the adult cerebellum (i.e., Bergmann glia), is crucial for precise motor coordination. Radial glial cells exhibit spontaneous calcium activity and functional coupling spread calcium waves. However, the origin of calcium activity in

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Moore, Rachel, and Paula Alexandre. "Delta-Notch Signaling: The Long and The Short of a Neuron’s Influence on Progenitor Fates." Journal of Developmental Biology 8, no. 2 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb8020008.

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Maintenance of the neural progenitor pool during embryonic development is essential to promote growth of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is initially formed by tightly compacted proliferative neuroepithelial cells that later acquire radial glial characteristics and continue to divide at the ventricular (apical) and pial (basal) surface of the neuroepithelium to generate neurons. While neural progenitors such as neuroepithelial cells and apical radial glia form strong connections with their neighbours at the apical and basal surfaces of the neuroepithelium, neurons usually form the ma

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Li, Zhen, William A. Tyler, Ella Zeldich, et al. "Transcriptional priming as a conserved mechanism of lineage diversification in the developing mouse and human neocortex." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (2020): eabd2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd2068.

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How the rich variety of neurons in the nervous system arises from neural stem cells is not well understood. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo confirmation, we uncover previously unrecognized neural stem and progenitor cell diversity within the fetal mouse and human neocortex, including multiple types of radial glia and intermediate progenitors. We also observed that transcriptional priming underlies the diversification of a subset of ventricular radial glial cells in both species; genetic fate mapping confirms that the primed radial glial cells generate specific types of basal proge

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Golden, J. A., J. C. Zitz, K. McFadden, and C. L. Cepko. "Cell migration in the developing chick diencephalon." Development 124, no. 18 (1997): 3525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.18.3525.

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We previously reported that retrovirally marked clones in the mature chick diencephalon were widely dispersed in the mediolateral, dorsoventral and rostrocaudal planes. The current study was undertaken to define the migration routes that led to the dispersion. Embryos were infected between stages 10 and 14 with a retroviral stock encoding alkaline phosphatase and a library of molecular tags. Embryos were harvested 2.5-5.5 days later and the brains were fixed and serially sectioned. Sibling relationships were determined following PCR amplification and sequencing of the molecular tag. On embryon

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Zhang, Sanguo, Huanhuan Joyce Wang, Jia Li, Xiao-Ling Hu, and Qin Shen. "Radial Glial Cell-Derived VCAM1 Regulates Cortical Angiogenesis Through Distinct Enrichments in the Proximal and Distal Radial Processes." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 6 (2020): 3717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz337.

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Abstract Angiogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex accompanies cortical neurogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying cortical angiogenesis at the embryonic stage remain largely unknown. Here, we show that radial glia-derived vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) coordinates cortical vascularization through different enrichments in the proximal and distal radial glial processes. We found that VCAM1 was highly enriched around the blood vessels in the inner ventricular zone (VZ), preventing the ingrowth of blood vessels into the mitotic cell layer along the ventricular surfac

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Zaidi, Donia, Kaviya Chinnappa, and Fiona Francis. "Primary Cilia Influence Progenitor Function during Cortical Development." Cells 11, no. 18 (2022): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182895.

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Corticogenesis is an intricate process controlled temporally and spatially by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Alterations during this important process can lead to severe cortical malformations. Apical neuronal progenitors are essential cells able to self-amplify and also generate basal progenitors and/or neurons. Apical radial glia (aRG) are neuronal progenitors with a unique morphology. They have a long basal process acting as a support for neuronal migration to the cortical plate and a short apical process directed towards the ventricle from which protrudes a primary cilium. This ante

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11

Wichterle, Hynek, Daniel H. Turnbull, Susana Nery, Gord Fishell, and Arturo Alvarez-Buylla. "In utero fate mapping reveals distinct migratory pathways and fates of neurons born in the mammalian basal forebrain." Development 128, no. 19 (2001): 3759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.19.3759.

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Recent studies suggest that neurons born in the developing basal forebrain migrate long distances perpendicularly to radial glia and that many of these cells reach the developing neocortex. This form of tangential migration, however, has not been demonstrated in vivo, and the sites of origin, pathways of migration and final destinations of these neurons in the postnatal brain are not fully understood. Using ultrasound-guided transplantation in utero, we have mapped the migratory pathways and fates of cells born in the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences (LGE and MGE) in 13.5-day-old mouse

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Moers, Alexandra, Alexander Nürnberg, Sandra Goebbels, Nina Wettschureck та Stefan Offermanns. "Gα12/Gα13 Deficiency Causes Localized Overmigration of Neurons in the Developing Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortices". Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, № 5 (2007): 1480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00651-07.

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ABSTRACT The heterotrimeric G proteins G12 and G13 link G-protein-coupled receptors to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the induction of actomyosin-based cellular contractility. Here we show that conditional ablation of the genes encoding the α-subunits of G12 and G13 in the nervous system results in neuronal ectopia of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices due to overmigration of cortical plate neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, respectively. The organization of the radial glia and the basal lamina was not disturbed, and the Cajal-Retzius cell layer had formed normally in mutan

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Loeb, J. A., T. S. Khurana, J. T. Robbins, A. G. Yee, and G. D. Fischbach. "Expression patterns of transmembrane and released forms of neuregulin during spinal cord and neuromuscular synapse development." Development 126, no. 4 (1999): 781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.4.781.

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We mapped the distribution of neuregulin and its transmembrane precursor in developing, embryonic chick and mouse spinal cord. Neuregulin mRNA and protein were expressed in motor and sensory neurons shortly after their birth and levels steadily increased during development. Expression of the neuregulin precursor was highest in motor and sensory neuron cell bodies and axons, while soluble, released neuregulin accumulated along early motor and sensory axons, radial glia, spinal axonal tracts and neuroepithelial cells through associations with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Neuregulin accumulatio

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Zhao, Xiang, Jason Q. Garcia, Kai Tong, et al. "Polarized endosome dynamics engage cytoplasmic Par-3 that recruits dynein during asymmetric cell division." Science Advances 7, no. 24 (2021): eabg1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg1244.

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In the developing embryos, the cortical polarity regulator Par-3 is critical for establishing Notch signaling asymmetry between daughter cells during asymmetric cell division (ACD). How cortically localized Par-3 establishes asymmetric Notch activity in the nucleus is not understood. Here, using in vivo time-lapse imaging of mitotic radial glia progenitors in the developing zebrafish forebrain, we uncover that during horizontal ACD along the anteroposterior embryonic axis, endosomes containing the Notch ligand DeltaD (Dld) move toward the cleavage plane and preferentially segregate into the po

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Pushchina, Evgeniya V., Eva I. Zharikova, and Anatoly A. Varaksin. "Expression of Doublecortin, Glial Fibrillar Acidic Protein, and Vimentin in the Intact Subpallium and after Traumatic Injury to the Pallium in Juvenile Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031334.

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Fetalization associated with a delay in development and the preservation of the features of the embryonic structure of the brain dominates the ontogeny of salmonids. The aim of the present study was to comparatively analyze the distribution of the glial-type aNSC markers such as vimentin and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and the migratory neuronal precursors such as doublecortin in the telencephalon subpallium of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, in normal conditions and at 1 week after an injury to the dorsal pallium. Immunohistochemical labeling of vimentin, GFAP, and doublec

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Sawada, Kazuhiko, Shiori Kamiya, and Tetsuya Kobayashi. "Neonatal Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Neurogenesis of Subventricular Zone Progenitors in the Developing Neocortex of Ferrets." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914962.

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a natural agonist of toll-like receptor 4 that serves a role in innate immunity. The current study evaluated the LPS-mediated regulation of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors, that is, the basal radial glia and intermediate progenitors (IPs), in ferrets. Ferret pups were subcutaneously injected with LPS (500 μg/g of body weight) on postnatal days (PDs) 6 and 7. Furthermore, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were administered on PDs 5 and 7, respectively, to label the post-proliferative and proliferating cells i

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Stier, H., and B. Schlosshauer. "Axonal guidance in the chicken retina." Development 121, no. 5 (1995): 1443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.5.1443.

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During retina development, ganglion cells extend their axons exclusively into the innermost tissue layer, but not into outer retina layers. In order to elucidate guiding mechanisms for axons, tissue strips of embryonic chicken retinae were explanted onto retinal cryosections (cryoculture). Ganglion cell axons originating from the explant grew preferentially on the innermost retina layer of cryosections, whereas outer tissue layers were avoided, very much as in vivo. Stereotropism, interaction with laminin of the basal lamina and axonal fasciculation did not significantly affect oriented axonal

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Pushchina, Evgeniya V., Maria E. Stukaneva, and Anatoly A. Varaksin. "Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249638.

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Fish are a convenient model for the study of reparative and post-traumatic processes of central nervous system (CNS) recovery, because the formation of new cells in their CNS continues throughout life. After a traumatic injury to the cerebellum of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, the cell composition of the neurogenic zones containing neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the acute period (two days post-injury) changes. The presence of neuroepithelial (NE) and radial glial (RG) neuronal precursors located in the dorsal, lateral, and basal zones of the cerebellar b

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Kaluthantrige Don, Flaminia, and Nereo Kalebic. "Forebrain Organoids to Model the Cell Biology of Basal Radial Glia in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Brain Evolution." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10 (June 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.917166.

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The acquisition of higher intellectual abilities that distinguish humans from their closest relatives correlates greatly with the expansion of the cerebral cortex. This expansion is a consequence of an increase in neuronal cell production driven by the higher proliferative capacity of neural progenitor cells, in particular basal radial glia (bRG). Furthermore, when the proliferation of neural progenitor cells is impaired and the final neuronal output is altered, severe neurodevelopmental disorders can arise. To effectively study the cell biology of human bRG, genetically accessible human exper

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An, Boyang, Akari Ando, Hiroto Akuta, Fumihiro Morishita, and Takuya Imamura. "Human‐biased TMEM25 expression promotes expansion of neural progenitor cells to alter cortical structure in the developing brain." FEBS Letters, October 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14756.

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Cortical expansion has occurred during human brain evolution. By comparing human and mouse RNA‐seq datasets, we found that transmembrane protein 25 (TMEM25) was much more highly expressed in human neural progenitors (NPCs). Overexpression of either human TMEM25 or mouse Tmem25 similarly promoted mouse NPC proliferation in vitro. Mimicking human‐type expression of TMEM25 in mouse ventricular cortical progenitors accelerated proliferation of basal radial glia (bRG) and increased the number of upper‐layer neurons in vivo. By contrast, RNA‐seq analysis and pharmacological assays showed that knockd

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Heng, Xin, Qiuxia Guo, Alan W. Leung, and James YH Li. "Analogous mechanism regulating formation of neocortical basal radial glia and cerebellar Bergmann glia." eLife 6 (May 10, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.23253.

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Neocortical basal radial glia (bRG) and cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) are basal progenitors derived from ventricular apical radial glia (aRG) that selectively lose their apical processes. bRG and BG have been implicated in the expansion and folding of the cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. Here, we analyzed the molecular characteristics and development of bRG and BG. Transcriptomic comparison revealed striking similarity of the molecular features of bRG and BG. We found that heightened ERK signaling activity in aRG is tightly linked to the temporal formation and the relative abundance of b

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Xing, Lei, Vasiliki Gkini, Anni I. Nieminen, et al. "Functional synergy of a human-specific and an ape-specific metabolic regulator in human neocortex development." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47437-8.

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AbstractMetabolism has recently emerged as a major target of genes implicated in the evolutionary expansion of human neocortex. One such gene is the human-specific gene ARHGAP11B. During human neocortex development, ARHGAP11B increases the abundance of basal radial glia, key progenitors for neocortex expansion, by stimulating glutaminolysis (glutamine-to-glutamate-to-alpha-ketoglutarate) in mitochondria. Here we show that the ape-specific protein GLUD2 (glutamate dehydrogenase 2), which also operates in mitochondria and converts glutamate-to-αKG, enhances ARHGAP11B’s ability to increase basal

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Pinson, Anneline, Lei Xing, Takashi Namba, et al. "Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals." Science 377, no. 6611 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl6422.

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Neanderthal brains were similar in size to those of modern humans. We sought to investigate potential differences in neurogenesis during neocortex development. Modern human transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) differs from Neanderthal TKTL1 by a lysine-to-arginine amino acid substitution. Using overexpression in developing mouse and ferret neocortex, knockout in fetal human neocortical tissue, and genome-edited cerebral organoids, we found that the modern human variant, hTKTL1, but not the Neanderthal variant, increases the abundance of basal radial glia (bRG) but not that of intermediate progenitors

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Vaid, Samir, Oskari Heikinheimo, and Takashi Namba. "Embryonic mouse medial neocortex as a model system for studying the radial glial scaffold in fetal human neocortex." Journal of Neural Transmission, November 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-022-02570-w.

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AbstractNeocortex is the evolutionarily newest region in the brain, and is a structure with diversified size and morphology among mammalian species. Humans have the biggest neocortex compared to the body size, and their neocortex has many foldings, that is, gyri and sulci. Despite the recent methodological advances in in vitro models such as cerebral organoids, mice have been continuously used as a model system for studying human neocortical development because of the accessibility and practicality of in vivo gene manipulation. The commonly studied neocortical region, the lateral neocortex, ge

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Viola, Valeria, Kaviya Chinnappa, and Fiona Francis. "Radial glia progenitor polarity in health and disease." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 12 (October 2, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2024.1478283.

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Radial glia (RG) are the main progenitor cell type in the developing cortex. These cells are highly polarized, with a long basal process spanning the entire thickness of the cortex and acting as a support for neuronal migration. The RG cell terminates by an endfoot that contacts the pial (basal) surface. A shorter apical process also terminates with an endfoot that faces the ventricle, with a primary cilium protruding in the cerebrospinal fluid. These cell domains have particular subcellular compositions that are critical for the correct functioning of RG. When altered, this can affect proper

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Nakamura, Yuji, Issei S. Shimada, Reza Maroofian, et al. "Biallelic null variants in PNPLA8 cause microcephaly by reducing the number of basal radial glia." Brain, July 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae185.

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Abstract Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing lipase 8 (PNPLA8), one of the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 enzymes, is involved in various physiological processes through the maintenance of membrane phospholipids. Biallelic variants in PNPLA8 have been associated with a range of paediatric neurodegenerative disorders. However, the phenotypic spectrum, genotype–phenotype correlations and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we newly identified 14 individuals from 12 unrelated families with biallelic ultra-rare variants in PNPLA8 presenting with a wide phenotypic

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Yoshida, Ryota, and Tetsuji Mori. "Morphological classification of radial glia–like cells in the postnatal mouse subventricular zone." European Journal of Neuroscience, August 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16503.

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AbstractThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the neurogenic regions of the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the SVZ have certain key features: they express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proliferate slowly, have a radial glia–like (RG‐L) morphology, and are in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). NSCs have been isolated by FACS to analyse them, but their morphology has not been systematically examined. To address this knowledge gap, we sparsely labelled RG‐L cells in the SVZ of neonatal mice by introducing via electroporation a plasmid expressing fluorescen

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Ju, Xiang-Chun, Qiong-Qiong Hou, Ai-Li Sheng, et al. "The hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 promotes generation of basal neural progenitors and induces cortical folding in mice." eLife 5 (August 9, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.18197.

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Cortical expansion and folding are often linked to the evolution of higher intelligence, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cortical folding remain poorly understood. The hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 undergoes segmental duplications during hominoid evolution, but its role in brain development has not been explored. Here, we found that expression of TBC1D3 in ventricular cortical progenitors of mice via in utero electroporation caused delamination of ventricular radial glia cells (vRGs) and promoted generation of self-renewing basal progenitors with typical morphology of outer ra

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Kawaguchi, Ayano. "Neuronal Delamination and Outer Radial Glia Generation in Neocortical Development." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8 (February 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.623573.

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During neocortical development, many neuronally differentiating cells (neurons and intermediate progenitor cells) are generated at the apical/ventricular surface by the division of neural progenitor cells (apical radial glial cells, aRGs). Neurogenic cell delamination, in which these neuronally differentiating cells retract their apical processes and depart from the apical surface, is the first step of their migration. Since the microenvironment established by the apical endfeet is crucial for maintaining neuroepithelial (NE)/aRGs, proper timing of the detachment of the apical endfeet is criti

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Kálmán, Mihály, Erzsébet Oszwald та István Adorján. "Appearance of β-dystroglycan precedes the formation of glio-vascular end-feet in developing rat brain". European Journal of Histochemistry, 18 травня 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2018.2908.

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Dystroglycan has an important role in binding of perivascular glial end-feet tothe basal lamina. Its β-subunit is localized in the glial end-feet. The investigation period lasted from E(embryonic day)12 to E20. Laminin and β-dystroglycan were detected by immunohistochemistry, the glial localization of the latter one was supported by electron microscopy. The immatureglial structures were visualized by the immunostaining of nestin. The β-dystroglycan immunoreactivity appeared at E16 following the laminin of basal lamina but preceding the perivascular processes of radial glia (E18) and astrocyte-

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Del-Valle-Anton, Lucia, Salma Amin, Daniela Cimino, et al. "Multiple parallel cell lineages in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex." Science Advances 10, no. 13 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn9998.

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Cortical neurogenesis follows a simple lineage: apical radial glia cells (RGCs) generate basal progenitors, and these produce neurons. How this occurs in species with expanded germinal zones and a folded cortex, such as human, remains unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing from individual cortical germinal zones in ferret and barcoded lineage tracking to determine the molecular diversity of progenitor cells and their lineages. We identified multiple RGC classes that initiate parallel lineages, converging onto a common class of newborn neuron. Parallel RGC classes and transcriptomic trajec

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Eşiyok, Nesil, and Michael Heide. "The SVZ stem cell niche–components, functions, and in vitro modelling." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 11 (December 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1332901.

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Neocortical development depends on the intrinsic ability of neural stem and progenitor cells to proliferate and differentiate to generate the different kinds of neurons in the adult brain. These progenitor cells can be distinguished into apical progenitors, which occupy a stem cell niche in the ventricular zone and basal progenitors, which occupy a stem cell niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ). During development, the stem cell niche provided in the subventricular zone enables the increased proliferation and self-renewal of basal progenitors, which likely underlie the expansion of the human

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Stefanova, Eva E., Julian V. T. Dychiao, Mavis C. Chinn, Matin Borhani, and Angela L. Scott. "P2X7 regulates ependymo-radial glial cell proliferation in adult Danio rerio following spinal cord injury." Biology Open, March 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.060270.

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In contrast to mammals, zebrafish undergo successful neural regeneration following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord ependymo-radial glia (ERG) undergo injury-induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation to replace damaged cells and restore motor function. However, the molecular cues driving these processes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved P2X7 receptors are widely distributed on neurons and ERG within the zebrafish spinal cord. At the protein level, the P2X7 receptor expressed in zebrafish is a truncated splice variant of the full-length variant found

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Vierl, Franziska, Manpreet Kaur, and Magdalena Götz. "Non-codon Optimized PiggyBac Transposase Induces Developmental Brain Aberrations: A Call for in vivo Analysis." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (August 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.698002.

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In this perspective article, we briefly review tools for stable gain-of-function expression to explore key fate determinants in embryonic brain development. As the piggyBac transposon system has the highest insert size, a seamless integration of the transposed sequence into the host genome, and can be delivered by transfection avoiding viral vectors causing an immune response, we explored its use in the murine developing forebrain. The original piggyBac transposase PBase or the mouse codon-optimized version mPB and the construct to insert, contained in the piggyBac transposon, were introduced

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Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki, and Ryoichiro Kageyama. "Hes1 overexpression leads to expansion of embryonic neural stem cell pool and stem cell reservoir in the postnatal brain." Development 148, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.189191.

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ABSTRACT Neural stem cells (NSCs) gradually alter their characteristics during mammalian neocortical development, resulting in the production of various neurons and glial cells, and remain in the postnatal brain as a source of adult neurogenesis. Notch-Hes signaling is a key regulator of stem cell properties in the developing and postnatal brain, and Hes1 is a major effector that strongly inhibits neuronal differentiation and maintains NSCs. To manipulate Hes1 expression levels in NSCs, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice using the Tet-On system. In Hes1-overexpressing Tg mice, NSCs were maintai

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Barahona, M. J., F. Langlet, G. Labouèbe, et al. "GLUT2 expression by glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive tanycytes is required for promoting feeding-response to fasting." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22489-2.

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AbstractFeeding behavior is a complex process that depends on the ability of the brain to integrate hormonal and nutritional signals, such as glucose. One glucosensing mechanism relies on the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in the hypothalamus, especially in radial glia-like cells called tanycytes. Here, we analyzed whether a GLUT2-dependent glucosensing mechanism is required for the normal regulation of feeding behavior in GFAP-positive tanycytes. Genetic inactivation of Glut2 in GFAP-expressing tanycytes was performed using Cre/Lox technology. The efficiency of GFAP-tanycyte targeting was anal

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Temereva, Elena, Nadezhda Rimskaya-Korsakova, and Vyacheslav Dyachuk. "Detailed morphology of tentacular apparatus and central nervous system in Owenia borealis (Annelida, Oweniidae)." Zoological Letters 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40851-021-00182-y.

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AbstractThe Oweniidae are marine annelids with many unusual features of organ system, development, morphology, and ultrastructure. Together with magelonids, oweniids have been placed within the Palaeoannelida, a sister group to all remaining annelids. The study of this group may increase our understanding of the early evolution of annelids (including their radiation and diversification). In the current research, the morphology and ulta-anatomy of the head region of Owenia borealis is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D reconstructions, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and

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