Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Basalto alcalino'
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Valer, Marina. "Origine et évolution des magmas de l'île de la Réunion : apports de la pétro-géochimie et des inclusions magmatiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22775/document.
Full textDespite the isotopic homogeneity of the La Réunion lavas, a petrographic and chemical diversity is observed in the products of the two main volcanoes of the island, le Piton des Neiges and le Piton de la Fournaise. Although the majority of the lavas are transitional basalts which are mainly controlled by olivine fractionation and/or accumulation, some relatively old lavas show petrological and geochemical characteristics that reflect various and relatively complex magmatic conditions, as well as storage and plumbing systems. This is for instance the case of the Plagioclase Ultraphyric-Basalts, basalts from the eccentric ‘adventive’ cones and from the Hudson crater (1998 eruption), on which this works deals with. The petro-geochemical study of the lavas is coupled with the investigation of naturally vitreous or experimentally quenched mineral-hosted melt inclusions, in order to characterize the origin of the magmas and their evolution processes in an oceanic hotspot context. The incompatible trace element ratios of the melt inclusions trapped within early-formed olivine crystals (Fo > 85) from the adventive cones are used to identify the nature of the La Réunion mantle plume source. The results suggest that magmas of the adventive cones originate from chemical source comparable to that of all the La Réunion lavas. This source is intermediate between a primitive-like mantle domain and a depleted one, almost unaffected by recycling processes. Small degrees of melting of this source can explain the enriched trace element concentrations of the melt inclusions. Plagioclase-bearing ultraphyric basalts, which can have up to 35 % millimetre-sized plagioclase crystals, were erupted during some stages of building of the two volcanoes. The compositions of the melt inclusions hosted in the plagioclase macrocrystals (An 84.2-71.7 ) and textural observations of the crystals highlight their inherited character. The parental melts of the crystals mainly evolve by clinopyroxene and plagioclase crystallization. Density contrasts between the phases allow plagioclase segregation by flotation and their accumulation at the top of the chamber. The Plagioclase Ultraphyric-Basalts are derived from the remobilization of this plagioclase-rich accumulation zones, upon input of a new batch of magma. The specific eruption periods of these basalts would correspond to decreases in the magma supply, which promoted plagioclase crystallization. Lava textures of the adventive cones and Hudson crater and their olivine-hosted melt inclusions reflect a complex history of the crystals, and the role of recycling processes in the magma feeding system of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano. The olivine crystals are clearly more magnesian (Fo > 85) than those found in the historical lava ones. The chemical compositions of the lavas show that they correspond for the most part to slightly alkaline basalts, called “Mid-Alkaline Basalts”, which are depleted in CaO and enriched in compatible and incompatible elements. Isotopic and trace element compositions suggest that they have a common origin with the historical lavas, but partial melting degrees are lower for the “Mid-Alkaline Basalts”. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase deep fractionation would explain their formation. All the results suggest that the ascent of deep-seated magma clearly could bypass the central volcanic system
Dekayir, Abdelilah. "Etude de l'altération supergène d'un basalte alcalin quaternaire du Moyen Atlas (Maroc)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30085.
Full textMartin, Béatrice M. "Etude detaillee de la solidification d'un filon de basalte alcalin du lodevois." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066185.
Full textMartin, Béatrice. "Etude détaillée de la solidification d'un filon de basalte alcalin du Lodévois." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607837m.
Full textLesne, Priscille. "Etude expérimentale de la solubilité des volatils C-H-O-S dans les basaltes alcalins italiens : simulations numériques du dégazage chimique : application à l'Etna." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347906.
Full textIldefonse, Philippe. "Analyse petrologique des alterations premeteoriques et meteoriques de deux roches basaltiques (basalte alcalin de belbex, cantal, et hawaiite de m'bouda, cameroun)." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077118.
Full textGuignot, Nicolas. "Stockage des éléments alcalins et devenir de la croûte océanique dans le manteau inférieur." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077159.
Full textBoumehdi, Ahmed. "Les Clinopyroxènes dans les basaltes alcalins continentaux, Massif Central, France implications pétrogénétiques et barométriques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612072x.
Full textDautria, Jean-Marie. "Relations entre les hétérogénéités du manteau supérieur et le magmatisme en domaine continental distensif : exemple des basaltes alcalins du Hoggar, Sahara central, Algérie et de leurs enclaves /." Montpellier : Centre géologique et géophysique de l'Université des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36148832z.
Full textRakotosamizanany, Saholy. "Les corindons gemmes dans les basaltes alcalins et à leurs enclaves à Madagascar : Signification pétrologique et métallogénique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10037/document.
Full textMadagascar is one of the principal producers of gem corundums recovered from continental basaltic fields. The main deposits are the secondary deposits of Ambondromifehy in the northern part of the country (sapphire-bearing palaeoplacer and placer), Soamiakatra - Mandrosohasina in the central part (primary ruby deposit, and ruby and sapphire-bearing placer and palaeoplacer) and Vatomandry in the eastern part of the island (ruby and sapphire-bearing paleoplacer). Soamiakatra is the only known primary deposit where ruby is found in metagabbro and pyroxenite xenoliths, which were entrained and brought up to the upper crust by the Ankaratra volcanic event. Petrographic studies have demonstrated the existence of two different conditions of ruby formation at the boundary of the eclogite domain (HT ~ 1100°C, HP ~ 20Kb) and granulite facies (HT ~ 1100°C, BP < 15Kb). In contrast, the sapphires originated from alkaline mafic magmatic chambers at the lower continental crust-mantle boundary. They occur within or associated with syenite and anorthoclasite xenoliths in the basalts. These alkali basalts transported corundum to the surface ; they are linked with asthenosphere upwelling and thinning of the lithosphere underneath the Ankaratra Plateau during the Oligocene-Quaternary, and to some E-W and N-S tectonic extension structures. Oxygen isotopic compositions of the rubies from placer deposits with ?18O = 3.1 ± 1.1 ‰ are typical of ruby in mafic and ultramafic rocks (1.25 < ?18O < 6.8‰). The sapphires from palcer and palaeoplacer deposits have ?18O values of 4.5 ± 0.5‰, which coincides with the range in sapphire-bearing syenitic rocks (4.4 < ?18O < 8.3‰). Solid inclusions such as pyrochlore, samarksite, uraninite and anorthoclasite in the sapphires confirm their syenitic origin. Zircons associated with the sapphires gave U-Pb ages younger than 35 Ma, coeval with the volcanic event. The zircon inclusions in rubies of metamorphic origin associated with the mafic and ultramafic xenoliths rocks gave a Pan-African U-Pb age around 750 Ma. Nevertheless, dating of zircon crystals in situ within the anorthoclasite xenoliths has revealed two different ages, 35 and 17 Ma, which are slightly older than or contemporaneous with the onset of the volcanic events. The characteristics of the corundum, their isotopic compositions as well as their ages demonstrate the existence of two distinct sources of corundum associated with basalts in Madagascar. On one hand, the rubies associated with metagabbros and garnet-bearing pyroxenites are linked to mafic and ultramafic complexes of eclogite facies in the lower crust, retrograded to granulite facies during the Pan African event. On the other hand, the sapphires brought up to the upper crust during the Oligo-Plio-Quaternary are interpreted to be coeval with a volcanic event involving differentiated alkaline magma as revealed by their oxygen isotopic composition with syenitic signatures
GLUCKLICH-HERBAS, MICHELE. "Caracterisation petrochimique du manteau lherzolitique sous-continental par l'etude de gisements d'enclaves dans les basaltes alcalins." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077072.
Full textLe, Garrec Marie-Josèphe. "Volcanologie aux limites nord et ouest de la province du Cantal : la transition Cantal-Cézallier et Cantal-Sillon Houiller, le volcanisme de l'Artense." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112418.
Full textIldefonse, Philippe. "Analyse pétrologique des altérations prémétéoriques et météoriques de deux roches basaltiques basalte alcalin de Belbex, Cantal, et Hawaiite de M'Bouda, Cameroun /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606095b.
Full textBoumehdi, Moulay Ahmed. "Les clinopyroxènes dans les basaltes alcalins continentaux (Massif central, France) : implications pétrogénétiques, barométriques et caractérisation de la profondeur des réservoirs magmatiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21123.
Full textBesemer, Giulia Maria. "Aggregati alleggeriti da alcali-attivazione: caratterizzazione di laboratorio per l’impiego in pavimentazioni stradali speciali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textNono. "Pétrologie d'un volcan alcalin intraplaque : Le massif de Nganha dans l'Adamaoua (Cameroun)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10014.
Full textBriot, Danielle. "Génèse d'une série alcaline intraplaque continentale : étude géochimique (éléments traces et isotopes SR-ND-O) du volcan des Monts Dore (Massif central français)." Clermond-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21107.
Full textCubukcu, Evren H. "Evolution pétrologique du strato-volcan Nemrut Dagi (Turquie) : magmatisme hyperalcalin en domaine de collision." Univ. Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21820.
Full textCabanes, Nelly. "Contribution à l'étude de zônes de cisaillement dans le manteau supérieur analyse texturale, pétrologique et géochimique de deux gisements de péridotites en enclaves dans les basaltes alcalins /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612446g.
Full textCornu, Mélodie-Neige. "Evolution magmatique d'un volcan bouclier océanique avant et après une déstabilisation massive de ses flancs : Fogo, Cap Vert et Tenerife, Canaries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC072/document.
Full textMassive flank collapses are destructive events that affect all volcanic edifices. They can take off huge volumes of rock, from tens to hundreds km3. Oceanic shield volcanoes are also affected by such events even if they have shallow slopes, thus, tsunamis could also be generated in this context. However, a shield volcano flank collapse has never been observed. Nowadays, only relics are visible, such as collapse scars, detritic deposit offshore or tsunami deposits on nearby islands. The relationships between collapse and magmatic history of oceanic shield volcanoes are poorly constrained. Two flank collapses are studied in this thesis, with the aim to better understand these relationships: the Monte Amarelo collapse, on Fogo Island (Cape Verde), and the Güímar collapse, located on North-East rift-zone of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Those archipelagos are the result of hot spot activity below the African plate. Geochemical (major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes), petrological and geochronological (K-Ar and Ar-Ar) analyses were carried out on volcanic samples as to identify the source and magmatic processes at stake during magma genesis. The temporal evolution of source and magmatic processes is reconstructed in order to track possible links with the flank collapse. The magmatic system of Fogo Island evolves through time, favouring the formation of superficial storage zones, intrusive complex and explosive eruptions prior to the collapse, which participate to the instability of the edifice. Following the Monte Amarelo collapse, shallow storage zones are destabilized within a few thousand years. Lithospheric magmatic processes (assimilation, partial melting) are also affected but on a longer timescale (tens of thousands years). The Güímar collapse shows no links with the magmatic evolution of Tenerife Island. The main difference between the two collapses is the location of the collapse area with respect to the plumbing system. Güímar collapse is located at the periphery of the plumbing system and show no link with the magmatic history. Contrariwise, the Monte Amarelo collapse is located directly above the plumbing system and influence rapidly the superficial plumbing system, and the deep plumbing system in the long term
Liotard, Jean-Michel. "Contribution au problème de l'origine des basaltes alcalins fractionnement haute pression, caractérisation des zones sources, comparaison entre domaine océanique, Polynésie française, et domaine continental, Hoggar algérien, Massif central français /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376152815.
Full textCabanes, Nelly. "Contribution à l'étude de zones de cisaillement dans le manteau supérieur : analyse texturale, pétrologique et géochimique de deux gisements de péridotites en enclaves dans les basaltes alcalins, Montferrier (Hérault, France) et San Quintin (Baja California, Mexique)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20016.
Full textRasamimanana, Georges. "Le trapp de Raon-l'Etape : un témoin du volcanisme calco-alcalin d'âge devono-dinantien dans les Vosges septentrionales, et un matériau largement utilisé en génie civil." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10235.
Full textLo, Papa Goumbo. "Le volcanisme quaternaire de Dakar (Sénégal occidental) : Particularités pétrographiques, caractères géochimiques, implications pétrogénétiques." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10173.
Full textDupont, Pierre-Luc. "Pétrologie et géochimie des ensembles magmatiques pharusien I et II, dans le rameau oriental de la chaîne pharusienne (Hoggar, Algérie) : Implications géodynamiques pour l'évolution d'une chaîne mobile au protérozoïque supérieur." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10332.
Full textKane, Mustapha. "Sur les caractères ophiolitiques du complexe ultrabasique-basique du proterozoïque supérieur des Mauritanides centrales : Métallogénèse et géochimie des indices de métaux de base associés et guides de prospection (pour une ophiolitisation au Précambrien)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN1A027.
Full textGueddari, Khalid. "Approche géochimique et physico-chimique de la différenciation des éléments du groupe du platine (pge) et de l'or dans le manteau supérieur bético-rifain et dans les xénolites de péridotites sous-continentales." Phd thesis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603230.
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