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Journal articles on the topic 'Base-catalyzed cyclization'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kaválek, Jaromír, Vladimír Macháček, Gabriela Svobodová, and Vojeslav Štěrba. "Base catalyzed cyclization of substituted esters of hydantoic and thiohydantoic acids." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 2 (1986): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860375.

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Base catalyzed cyclization rates have been measured of 22 derivatives of hydantoic and thiohydantoic acid esters in water and methanol. The cyclization of methyl and ethyl esters of hydantoic and 5-methylhydantoic acids is accompanied by hydrolysis of the ester group, whereas with the other derivatives the hydrolysis does not take place. Hydrolysis of the cyclization products (hydantoin and thiohydantoin derivatives) is not significant under the kinetic conditions. The cyclization of methyl ester of 5-phenylhydantoic acid in methanol is reversible; the equilibrium mixture contains 30% of the s

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2

Pytela, Oldřich, and Zdeněk Bahník. "Synthesis, kinetics and mechanism of cyclization of 1-(2-aryloxycarbonylphenyl)-3-phenyltriazenes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 11 (1990): 2692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19902692.

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Twelve substituted 1-(2-aryloxycarbonylphenyl)-3-phenyltriazenes have been synthetized and kinetics of their reactions have been measured in 52.1% (by mass) aqueous methanol at pH 3 to 11. Plots of kobs vs pH show three regions: noncatalyzed cyclization (pH 4 to 7), acid-catalyzed splitting of the triazene chain, and base-catalyzed cyclization. The non-catalyzed cyclization exhibits a kinetic isotope effect, the reaction constant ρ = 2.69 (σ-p), and β1g = 1.02, which indicates a mechanism of E1cB type with intramolecular proton transfer and a transient formation of a ketene intermediate. The b

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3

Macháček, Vladimír, Gabriela Svobodová, and Vojeslav Štěrba. "Kinetics and mechanism of base-catalyzed cyclization of substituted amides and nitriles of hydantoic acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 1 (1987): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19870140.

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Rates of base-catalyzed cyclizations of 8 substituted derivatives of hydantoic acid amide type R3-NH(5)-CO(4)-NR2(3)-CH2(2)-CO(1)-NHR1 and 9 nitriles type R3-NH(5)-CO(4)-NR2(3)-CHR1(2)-CN have been measured in aqueous and methanolic media. The cyclization of the amides in aqueous medium is also accompanied by hydrolysis of the hydantoins formed. In some cases the hydrolysis rate constant is greater than the corresponding cyclization reaction rate constant. With the least reactive amides, the cyclization is also accompanied by hydrolysis of the amide group. The rate of the cyclization reactions

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4

Pytela, Oldřich, and Aleš Halama. "Steric Effects in Acid-Catalyzed Decomposition and Base-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1-(2-Alkoxycarbonylphenyl)-3-phenyltriazenes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 5 (1996): 751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960751.

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Eight derivatives of 1-(2-alkoxycarbonylphenyl)-3-phenyltriazene (R = methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, and allyl) have been synthesized and their UV-VIS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra measured. The NMR spectra have been interpreted in detail. The kinetics of acid-catalyzed decomposition and base-catalyzed cyclization of the title compounds have been measured in 52.1% w/w methanol at 25.0 °C. The unit reaction order has been verified and the cyclization product has been identified. The pH-profiles obtained have been used to calculate the catalytic rate constants kA (acid-c

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5

Sedlák, Miloš, Aleš Halama, Jaromír Kaválek, Vladimír Macháček, Petr Mitaš, and Vojeslav Štěrba. "Preparation and NMR Spectra of Substituted 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)imidazolinones." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 6 (1996): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960910.

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A series of 11 substituted 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazolinones have been prepared by base catalyzed cyclizations of substituted 2-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)alkanamides. At higher methoxide concentrations the cyclization can be accompanied by reduction of nitro group to azoxy group. All the substances prepared have been identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectra.

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6

Clark, Glenn R., Madelene M. Nikaido, C. Kay Fair, and James Lin. "Base-catalyzed hydroperoxy keto aldehyde cyclization." Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 11 (1985): 1994–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00211a047.

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7

Ding, Dong, Gang Liu, Guangyang Xu, Jian Li, Guoping Wang, and Jiangtao Sun. "Palladium catalyzed N–H bond insertion and intramolecular cyclization cascade: the divergent synthesis of heterocyclics." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 16 (2014): 2533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00001c.

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8

Ledvina, Miroslav, and Jiří Farkaš. "Cyclization Dichotomy of Esters of 3-Ureido-2-cyano-2-propenoic and 3-Ureido-2-acyl-2-propenoic Acids." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 8 (1994): 1841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19941841.

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The preparation of E and Z isomers of 3-ureido-2-cyano-2-propenoates Ia - Id and their base-catalyzed isomerization and cyclization to 5-carboxycytosine derivatives IIa - IIf and 5-cyanouracil derivatives IIIa and IIIb is described. Also described is the preparation of 3-ureido-2-acyl-2-propenoates Va - Vd and their base-catalyzed cyclization to 5-carboxy-2(1H)-pyrimidone derivatives VIa - VIc and 5-acyluracils VIIa - VIIc.

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9

Kukharev, B. F., V. K. Stankevich, and G. R. Klimenko. "Base-catalyzed cyclization of ?-(2-arylaminoethoxy)styrenes." Russian Chemical Bulletin 43, no. 2 (1994): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00695843.

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10

Nilsson, Björn M., and Uli Hacksell. "Base-Catalyzed cyclization ofN-propargylamides to oxazoles." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 26, no. 2 (1989): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570260201.

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11

Jin, Guo-Qing, Wen-Xia Gao, Yun-Bing Zhou, Miao-Chang Liu, and Hua-Yue Wu. "Efficient synthesis of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles by base-catalyzed benzyl C–H deprotonation and cyclization." Chemical Communications 56, no. 93 (2020): 14617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc05862a.

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12

Yao, Jinzhong, Yajie Xie, Lianpeng Zhang, Yujin Li, and Hongwei Zhou. "Synthesis of benzothiophene and indole derivatives through metal-free propargyl–allene rearrangement and allyl migration." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (September 6, 2017): 1866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.181.

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An efficient base-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of benzothiophene is described. The reaction proceeds via base-promoted propargyl–allenyl rearrangement followed by cyclization and allyl migration. Phosphine-substituted indoles can be synthesized by a similar strategy.

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13

Hu, Fang-Peng, Xin-Feng Cui, Guo-Qiang Lu, and Guo-Sheng Huang. "Base-promoted Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis of quinazoline derivatives." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 23 (2020): 4376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob00225a.

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A one-pot protocol has been developed for the synthesis of quinazolinones from amide-oxazolines with TsCl via a cyclic 1,3-azaoxonium intermediate and 6π electron cyclization in the presence of a Lewis acid and base.

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14

Blagoeva, Iva B., Anthony J. Kirby, Asen H. Koedjikov, and Ivan G. Pojarlieff. "Multiple changes in rate-determining step in the acid and base catalyzed cyclizations of ethyl N-(p-nitrophenyl)hydantoates caused by methyl substitution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 5-6 (1999): 849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-079.

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The slopes of the pH-rate profiles for the cyclization of 2-methyl- and 2,3-dimethyl hydantoates 1-NPU and 2-NPU between pH 1 and 7 change from 1 to 0 and then back to 1. A reaction first order in H+ was observed with the latter compound. The 2,2,3-trimethyl derivative 3-NPU showed only one reaction first order in OH-, but complex acid catalysis is described by slopes 0, -1, 0, and finally -1 again. The cyclizations were general base catalyzed, with Brønsted β values of 0.5-0.6. The OH- catalysis at higher pH for 1-NPU and 2-NPU showed inverse solvent kinetic isotope effects and deviated from

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15

Morteza, Shiri, and Bozorgpour‑Savadjani Zahra. "Highly selective base-catalyzed ring closing Ugi-adducts from the reaction of 2-formylindole, 2-bromoacetic acid, amines and isocyanides." Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 12, no. 3 (2014): 389–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-014-0495-6.

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The intermediate products of the Ugi reaction between indole-2-carboxaldehyde, 2bromoacetic acid, amines and isocyanides were treated with Cs2CO3 in DMF to form a series of novel cyclized 1,2-dihydropyrazino[1,2a]indol-3(4H)-ones (indole –NH cyclization) as major and piperazin-2-ones (amide –NH cyclization) as minor products.

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16

Yuan, Yang, Hailu Tan, Lingkai Kong та ін. "Transition-metal-free C–C σ-bond activation of α-aryl ketones and subsequent Zn-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization: synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, № 10 (2019): 2725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00081j.

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Atom-economical synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans from α-aryl ketones and alkynones through base-promoted cleavage of unstrained C–C single bonds of ketones and subsequent Zn-catalyzed cyclization.

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17

Zhang, Jing, Man Liu, Chao Li, Yan-Jun Xu, and Lin Dong. "Synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrole derivatives via [3 + 2] cyclization of activated methylene isocyanides with 4-(arylidene)-2-substituted oxazol-5(4H)-ones." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 2 (2020): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo01044k.

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An efficient base-catalyzed [3 + 2] cyclization between isocyanides and 4-(arylidene)-2-substituted oxazol-5(4H)-ones has been successfully developed to form 2,3,4-trisubstituted and 2,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives.

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18

Kondoh, Azusa, Hoa Thi Quynh Tran, Kyoko Kimura, and Masahiro Terada. "Enantioselective intramolecular cyclization of alkynyl esters catalyzed by a chiral Brønsted base." Chemical Communications 52, no. 33 (2016): 5726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc01690a.

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19

Ong, Chi Wi, Chong Ming Chen, and Shyh Shian Juang. "Novel Cyclopentenone Synthesis by Base-Catalyzed Cyclization of Dienediones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 59, no. 25 (1994): 7915–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00104a059.

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20

Kondoh, Azusa, and Masahiro Terada. "Brønsted Base-Catalyzed Umpolung Intramolecular Cyclization of Alkynyl Imines." Chemistry - A European Journal 24, no. 16 (2018): 3998–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201800219.

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21

Mindl, Jaromír, and Vojeslav Štěrba. "Mechanism of base-catalyzed cyclization of ethyl N-(substituted aminocarbonyl)glycinates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 1 (1987): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19870156.

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The cyclization rate constants have been measured of substituted ethyl N-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-, N-(alkylaminocarbonyl)-, and N-(phenylaminothiocarbonyl)glycinates RNHCXNHCH2CO2.C2H5 (X = O, S). Logarithms of these constants increase with decreasing basicity of the amines down to the value of pKa(RNH2) = 5.5. The rate-limiting step of the reaction is formation of the tetrahedral intermediate. With ethyl N-(phenylaminocarbonyl)glycinates (whose pKa(RNH2) values are higher) this dependence, on the contrary, slightly decreases, and the acid-catalyzed splitting off of ethoxy group from the cyclic

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22

Kaválek, Jaromír, Vladimír Macháček, Gabriela Svobodová, and Vojeslav Štěrba. "Kinetics and mechanism of reversible, base-catalyzed ring closure of 3-(methoxycarbonyl)propionanilide and O-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-phenylcarbamate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 4 (1989): 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19891005.

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The rate constants of reversible, base-catalyzed ring closure of 3-(methoxycarbonyl)propionanilide (I) and O-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-phenylcarbamate (II) to 1-phenyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (III) and 3-phenyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (IV), respectively, and the rates of solvolyses of the cyclization products III and IV in water and methanol have been measured. In both cases, an equilibrium is established between the starting ester and the cyclization product in methoxide solutions which is strongly shifted in favour of the starting ester. In the case of ester II in methoxide solutions, the cyclizat

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23

Pincekova, Lucia, and Dusan Berkes. "Synthesis of (2S,3S)-3-Aroyl Pyroglutamic Acid Amides." Cells 3, no. 1 (2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08377.

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A new methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 3-aroyl pyroglutamic acid derivatives has been developed through effective 5-exo-tet cyclization of N-chloroacetyl aroylalanines. The three-step sequence starts with the synthesis of N-substituted (S,S)-2-amino-4-aryl-4-oxobutanoic acids via highly diastereoselective tandem aza-Michael addition and crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation (CIDT). Their N-chloroacetylation followed by base-catalyzed cyclization and ultimate acid-catalyzed removal of chiral auxiliary without loss of stereochemical integrity fu

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24

Yuan, Binfang, Rongxing He, Xiaogang Guo, et al. "DFT study on the Au(i)-catalyzed cyclization of indole-allenoate: counterion and solvent effects." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 19 (2018): 15618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02375a.

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The base strength was revealed to be the primary factor controlling the catalytic capability of counterions. The image shows the Au(i)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of indole-allenoate to form dihydrocyclopenta[b]indole derivatives, as reported by Ma.

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25

KUKHAREV, B. F., V. K. STANKEVICH та G. R. KLIMENKO. "ChemInform Abstract: Base-Catalyzed Cyclization of β-(2-Arylaminoethoxy)styrenes." ChemInform 25, № 49 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199449168.

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26

Lavallée, Jean-François, Claude Spino, Réjean Ruel, Keith T. Hogan, and Pierre Deslongchamps. "Stereoselective synthesis of cis-decalins via Diels–Alder and double Michael addition of substituted Nazarov reagents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 5 (1992): 1406–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-179.

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The base-catalyzed cycloaddition and double Michael cyclization of substituted Nazarov reagents and of 1-phenylsulfinyl analogs, with 2-carbomethoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one 1 yielding cis-decalins is reported. The reaction is highly stereoselective affording cis,cis- or cis, trans-decalins. Mechanistic aspects are briefly discussed.

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27

Sedlák, Miloš, Jiří Hanusek, Radim Bína, Jaromír Kaválek, and Vladimír Macháček. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Formation and Decomposition of Imidazolin-4-ones from 2-(N-Benzoylamino)alkanamides in Aqueous Medium." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 64, no. 10 (1999): 1629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19991629.

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The cyclization reactions of substituted 2-(N-benzoyl-N-methyl)aminoalkanamides 1a-1g have been studied in aqueous medium. The Hammett reaction constant is ρ = 1.4 for the cyclization reactions of compounds 1a-1e in sodium hydroxide solutions. 2-[N-Methyl- N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanamide (1g) is cyclized to imidazolinone 2g in aqueous amine buffers of pH 9-11.5; the reaction is subject to specific base catalysis in these media, and the rate-limiting step is the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. In sodium hydroxide solution, the primary cyclization product is hydrol

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28

Guo, Meng, Dou Wu, Hongyu Yang, Xiao Zhang, Dong-Xu Xue, and Weiqiang Zhang. "Enhanced Selectivity in 4-Quinolone Formation: A Dual-Base System for Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization with Fe(CO)5." Molecules 29, no. 4 (2024): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040850.

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The use of gaseous CO in Pd-catalyzed carbonylative quinolone synthesis presents challenges related to safety and precise pressure control. In response, a streamlined non-gaseous synthesis of 4-quinolone compounds has been developed. This study introduces a tunable CO-releasing system utilizing Fe(CO)5 activated by a dual-base system of piperazine and triethylamine. This alternative liquid CO resource facilitates the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative C-C coupling and subsequent intramolecular cyclization. By tuning the tandem kinetics of carbonylation and cyclization, this non-gaseous method a

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29

Tomilin, Denis Nikolaevich, Sophia A. Stepanova, Lyubov Nikolaevna Sobenina, Ludmila A. Oparina, Igor Alekseevich Ushakov, and Boris Aleksandrovich Trofimov. "One-pot synthesis of pyrrolooxazoles from pyrrolyl acetylenic ketones and natural aldehydes." Mendeleev Communications 35, no. 1 (2025): 14–17. https://doi.org/10.71267/mencom.7571.

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Natural aldehydes and some of their derivatives undergo base-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cyclization with pyrrolyl acetylenic ketones in a click-like manner (Et<sub>2</sub>O, KOH, room temperature) to afford pyrrolo[1,2-<em>c</em>]oxazoles in up to 77

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30

Ludwig, Miroslav, and Ingrid Bauerová. "Steric Effects in the Base-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1-[2-(Methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3-(2-substituted Phenyl)triazenes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 63, no. 12 (1998): 2075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19982075.

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Eleven model 1-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3-(2-substituted phenyl)triazenes were synthesized and their cyclization kinetics examined in aqueous-methanolic buffer solutions (51 wt.% methanol) at various pH values. 3(2-Substituted phenyl)benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-ones were identified as the cyclization products. The log kobs vs pH plot was linear with a slope of unity. Investigation of the steric and electronic effects of substituents in the ortho position revealed that substituents at the ring which is bonded to the N(3) nitrogen affect the cyclization rate through their steric effect only,

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31

Lukin, Alexei, Anna Bakholdina, Anna Kryukova, Alexander Sapegin, and Mikhail Krasavin. "A three-component, Zn(OTf)2-mediated entry into trisubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (May 7, 2019): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.103.

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A three-component reaction involving in situ generation of propargylureas and subsequent Zn(OTf)2-mediated cyclocondensation with a primary amine yielded trisubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles. These findings are in contrast to the previously reported base-promoted unimolecular cyclization of propargylureas (leading to 2-imidazolones) and extend the range of Lewis acid-catalyzed azole syntheses based on N-carbonyl propargylamines.

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32

Mori, Matteo, Fiorella Meneghetti, Laurent R. Chiarelli, et al. "6-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzofuran-4-carboxylic Acid." Molbank 2020, no. 2 (2020): M1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1143.

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6-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid was synthesized in two steps, starting from 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate. The product was obtained through a direct thermal one-pot cyclization with propargyl bromide, followed by a base-catalyzed hydrolysis. Its molecular structure was elucidated by means of mono- and bidimensional NMR techniques, ESI-MS, FT-IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

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33

Xie, Jian-Wu, Li-Si-Han Yu, Jian-Lian Dong, Zhi-Jian Gao, and Jing Wang. "Construction of Functionalized (Dihydro)thieno[2,3-c]chromene Derivatives via a Domino Michael Addition/Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction." Synthesis 50, no. 08 (2018): 1667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591758.

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A one-pot synthesis of substituted (dihydro)thieno[2,3-c]chromene derivatives was developed through a Lewis base catalyzed domino Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction between 3-nitro-2H-chromenes and thioamides. The desired (dihydro)thieno[2,3-c]chromene derivatives were prepared with a large substrate scope (22 examples) and excellent diastereoselectivity in moderate to excellent yields.

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34

Schmidt, Elena Yu, Boris A. Trofimov, Ivan A. Bidusenko, et al. "Base-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Acetylenes with Ketones to Functionalized Cyclopentenes." Organic Letters 16, no. 15 (2014): 4040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol501881e.

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35

Chiu, Chi-Fa, Chien-Liang Hwang, Dung-Shien Pan, Yuan Jang Chen, and Keh Shin Kwan. "Formation of a strained [3]ferrocenophane via base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 563, no. 1-2 (1998): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(98)00561-0.

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36

Mukai, Chisato, Norikazu Kuroda, Rie Ukon, and Rumiko Itoh. "Preparation of Carbocycles via Base-Catalyzed Endo-Mode Cyclization of Allenes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 16 (2005): 6282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo050729w.

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37

Zhu, Chenghao, Lin Qiu, Guangyang Xu, Jian Li, and Jiangtao Sun. "Base-Promoted/Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Highly Selective and Controllable Detosylative Cyclization." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 37 (2015): 12871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201502073.

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38

ONG, C. W., C. M. CHEN, and S. S. JUANG. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cyclopentenone Synthesis by Base-Catalyzed Cyclization of Dienediones." ChemInform 26, no. 26 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199526072.

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39

Kumar, Sunil, Pei-Heng Ho, Indrajeet J. Barve, and Chung-Ming Sun. "Enantiospecific Synthesis of Imidazoquinazolin-2-ones via Base-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization." ChemistrySelect 2, no. 28 (2017): 8917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201701686.

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40

Chukhadzhyan, E. O., L. V. Ayrapetyan, A. S. Mkrtchyan, A. K. Aloyan та G. A. Panosyan. "Synthesis of 1-allyl-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dialkyl-, 1-allyl-pentamethyleneand 1-allyl-spiro-4-phenyl-3а,4-dihydrobenzo[<i>f</i>]isoindoliniumbromides on the basis of base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization". Журнал органической химии 59, № 5 (2023): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0514749223050142.

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Base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of N , N -dimethyl-, N , N -diethyl-, pentamethylene- and spiro[1-allyl](3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)(3-phenylprop-2-enyl)ammonium bromides were synthesized 1-allyl- N , N -dialkyl-, 1-allyl-pentamethylene- and 1-allyl-spiro-4-phenyl-3а,4-dihydrobenzo[f]isoindolinium bromides in high yields. Along with cyclizationalso took place 8-10% side reactions.

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41

Nikoshvili, Linda Z., and Valentina G. Matveeva. "Recent Progress in Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Processes." Catalysts 13, no. 8 (2023): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081213.

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In recent years, Pd-containing catalytic systems for tandem processes have gained special attention due to their enhanced catalytic properties and their possibility of performing several reactions without the necessity of separating the intermediates. In this review, recent progress in Pd-catalyzed tandem processes is considered. Three types of catalytic systems are described: homogeneous catalysts (including immobilized Pd complexes); heterogeneous catalysts supported on oxides, MOFs, COFs, etc., with particular attention to the supports containing acid/base sites; and metal-enzyme catalysts

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42

Navari, Razieh, Saeed Balalaie, Saber Mehrparvar, et al. "Efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyridines containing a chromane backbone through domino reaction." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (April 11, 2019): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.85.

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An efficient approach for the synthesis of pyrazolopyridines containing the aminochromane motif through a base-catalyzed cyclization reaction is reported. The synthesis was carried out through a three-component reaction of (arylhydrazono)methyl-4H-chromen-4-one, malononitrile, primary amines in the presence of Et3N at room temperature. However, carrying out the reaction under the same conditions without base led to a fused chromanyl-cyanopyridine. High selectivity, high atom economy, and good to high yields in addition to mild reaction conditions are the advantages of this approach.

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43

Xie, Qiong, Liming Shao, Hongpeng Sun, Li Xiao, and Wei Li. "On-Water Silver(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Acetylenic Free Amines/Amides towards 7-Azaindole/Indole/Isoquinolone Derivatives." Synthesis 49, no. 21 (2017): 4845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589072.

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Silver-catalyzed on-water intramolecular cyclization of acetylenic free amines is reported, which affords 7-azaindoles in good to excellent yields. Neither strong base/acid catalysts nor N-substituted substrates are required to achieve this cycloisomerization. Hydrogen bonds between water medium and the substrates play an important role in improving chemical reactivity and regioselectivity. Furthermore, the on-water reaction is extendable to acetylenic amides for isoquinolone synthesis.

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44

Morlacci, Valerio, Massimiliano Aschi, Marco Chiarini, Antonio Massa, Antonio Arcadi, and Laura Palombi. "Ethyl 2-(12-Oxo-10,12-dihydroisoindolo[1,2-b] Quinazolin-10-yl) Acetate." Molbank 2023, no. 2 (2023): M1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1628.

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The title compound has been synthetized using a one-pot cascade process of ethyl (E)-3-(2-aminophenyl) acrylate and 2-formylbenzonitrile in the presence of Cs2CO3 as the catalyst. The synthetic route has been rationalized as a base-catalyzed tandem addition/cyclization/rearrangement initiated by the aniline molecule, followed by sequential aza-Michael addition/dehydrogenation. A theoretical investigation also provided a rationale for its fluorescence properties.

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45

Cheng, Cheng, Xiaobin Sun, Zelin Wu, Qianwei Liu, Liqiang Xiong та Zhiwei Miao. "Lewis base catalyzed regioselective cyclization of allene ketones or α-methyl allene ketones with unsaturated pyrazolones". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, № 12 (2019): 3232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00179d.

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46

Yanovich, Alexander, Anastasia Vepreva, Ksenia Malkova, Grigory Kantin, and Dmitry Dar’in. "Entry to new spiroheterocycles via tandem Rh(II)-catalyzed O–H insertion/base-promoted cyclization involving diazoarylidene succinimides." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (March 11, 2024): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.48.

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A facile approach to novel medicinally relevant spiro heterocyclic scaffolds (namely furan-2(5H)-ones, tetrahydrofurans and pyrans spiro-conjugated with the succinimide ring) has been developed. The protocol consists of Rh(II)-catalyzed insertion of heterocyclic carbenes derived from diazoarylidene succinimides (DAS) into the O–H bond of propiolic/allenic acids or brominated alcohols, followed by base-promoted cyclization to afford the target spirocyclic compounds in good to high yields.

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47

Bellesia, Franco, Franco Ghelfi, Ugo M. Pagnoni, and Adriano Pinetti. "The base-catalyzed cyclization of 10-oxocitral synthesis of chrysomelidal and dehydroiridodial." Tetrahedron Letters 27, no. 3 (1986): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84024-1.

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48

Oh, Kyung Hwan, Seong Min Kim, Sun Young Park, and Jin Kyoon Park. "Base-Controlled Cu-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/Alkynylation for the Synthesis of Indolizines." Organic Letters 18, no. 9 (2016): 2204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00821.

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49

Wang, Yi, and Donald J. Burton. "Base-catalyzed cyclization of monofluorodienynes: a new route to substituted fluorobenzene derivatives." Tetrahedron Letters 47, no. 52 (2006): 9279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.100.

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50

Kanazawa, Chikashi, and Masahiro Terada. "Organic-base-catalyzed synthesis of phthalides via highly regioselective intramolecular cyclization reaction." Tetrahedron Letters 48, no. 6 (2007): 933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.015.

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