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Journal articles on the topic 'Base grid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

McDonald, R. Allen, and Ted C. Schroeder. "Fed Cattle Profit Determinants Under Grid Pricing." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35, no. 1 (2003): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800005964.

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This study determines the relative effects of price, cattle quality, and feeding performance factors on profit per head for fed cattle marketed via a grid structure. Two different data sets of cattle that were marketed in two different grid pricing systems are used in the analysis with comparisons of results made between grids. Grid base price and feeder cattle price are the most important determinants of profit over time in both grids. However, considering only nonprice variables, the cumulative quality of cattle in a pen is also an important profit determinant.

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Chen, Tongxuan, Zaiyi Zhang, and Xiufan Ma. "Research on optimal dispatch of 5G base station VPP with standby energy storage." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2788, no. 1 (2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2788/1/012001.

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Abstract With the rapid increase in the construction of 5G base stations, the backup battery of 5G base stations will be a huge potential energy storage resource. China’s electricity market reform is constantly advancing, and the study of 5G base stations’ standby energy storage to participate in power optimization dispatch is an effective way to realize the reciprocal benefits of power grids and telecommunication operators. Considering the special characteristics of 5G base station backup energy storage to participate in the power market, the article establishes a virtual power plant of 5G ba

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3

Chandarhasn, Chelladurai, and Edwin Sheeba Percis. "Optimizing resilience in large-scale integration of renewable energy sources: Exploring the role of STATCOM device." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 3 (2024): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i3.pp1468-1477.

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Modern power grids in regions with high renewable energy sources face unique challenges. Incorporating renewable energy, like wind and solar, can cause voltage, frequency, and power fluctuations, leading to instability. This study focuses on Tamil Nadu's extra high voltage transmission system, which has significant wind generation. It explores the impact of large-scale renewable energy integration and proposes the use of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), a part of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS). STATCOM actively monitors and controls the grid, ensuring stabi

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4

Piovesan, Nicola, Dagnachew A. Temesgene, Marco Miozzo, and Paolo Dini. "Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Autonomous Operation of 5G Mobile Networks in Micro-Grids." IEEE Access 7 (March 1, 2019): 31140–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2903499.

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In this paper, we focus on the design of energy self-sustainable mobile networks by enabling intelligent energy management that allows the base stations to mostly operate off-grid by using renewable energies. Many papers are available in the literature on this problem, and however, we are approaching this issue from a different angle. In fact, we advocate for future mobile networks with a hierarchical cell structure and powered by energy harvesting hardware. Base stations within the same geographical area are grouped in a micro-grid and operate almost autonomously from the power grid. To achie

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Chandarahasan, Chelladurai, and Edwin Sheeba Percis. "Optimizing resilience in large-scale integration of renewable energy sources: Exploring the role of STATCOM device." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 3 (2024): 1468–77. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i3.pp1468-1477.

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Modern power grids in regions with high renewable energy sources face unique challenges. Incorporating renewable energy, like wind and solar, can cause voltage, frequency, and power fluctuations, leading to instability. This study focuses on Tamil Nadu's extra high voltage transmission system, which has significant wind generation. It explores the impact of large-scale renewable energy integration and proposes the use of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), a part of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS). STATCOM actively monitors and controls the grid, ensuring stabi

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6

Li, Mingke, Heather McGrath, and Emmanuel Stefanakis. "Geovisualization of Hydrological Flow in Hexagonal Grid Systems." Geographies 2, no. 2 (2022): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020016.

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Recent research has extended conventional hydrological algorithms into a hexagonal grid and noted that hydrological modeling on a hexagonal mesh grid outperformed that on a rectangular grid. Among the hydrological products, flow routing grids are the base of many other hydrological simulations, such as flow accumulation, watershed delineation, and stream networks. However, most of the previous research adopted the D6 algorithm, which is analogous to the D8 algorithm over a rectangular grid, to produce flow routing. This paper explored another four methods regarding generating flow directions i

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Rösch, Tobias, and Peter Treffinger. "Cluster Analysis of Distribution Grids in Baden-Württemberg." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12204016.

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With the growing share of renewable energies in the electricity supply, transmission and distribution grids have to be adapted. A profound understanding of the structural characteristics of distribution grids is essential to define suitable strategies for grid expansion. Many countries have a large number of distribution system operators (DSOs) whose standards vary widely, which contributes to coordination problems during peak load hours. This study contributes to targeted distribution grid development by classifying DSOs according to their remuneration requirement. To examine the amendment po

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Kornilina, Marina Andreyevna, and Mikhail Vladimirovich Yakobovskiy. "Estimation of computational overheads for calculations on locally refined meshes." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 102 (2022): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-102.

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A method for presenting grid data and algorithms for their processing when performing calculations on locally refined adaptive grids is considered. Estimates are obtained of the dependence of the number of operations and computational overheads on such parameters as the size of the base regular grid, the depth of refinement, and the number of processors. Algorithms for dynamic load balancing of processors, which provide a low level of overhead costs, are considered.

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9

Zhou, Qiang Qing, Jing Liu, Qing Nian Zou, Guo Lin Huang, Ping Han, and Yan Xu. "The Study of Knowledge-Based Active Learning Grid Operation Experience." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2456.

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By using of the object-oriented technology and the knowledge representation of the production rule, this paper classifies the operation experience of grid according to the nature and builds a power grid operation experience knowledge base with active learning capability. Through application of Bayesian classifier model based on weight, it classifies the statistical data and identifies the semantic, to realize the exchange between the knowledge base and the users feedback. Using the powerful learning ability of knowledge base, it can make the operation experience knowledge base optimize its kno

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10

Xu, Yong Qiang, and Ming Yin. "A Mobility-Aware Task Scheduling Model in Mobile Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1786.

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The mobile grids bring some additional features into the grid, such as mobility, energy-constrained, etc. And the task scheduling becomes a more challenge thing. We propose a mobile grid task scheduling model considering the mobility of both user and resource, and the resource energy consumption. Through analyzing the architecture of mobile grid, a mathematical model is built to calculate the average distance between the resource and Base Station (BS). Then, it can decide which mobile grid the mobile devices are apt to stay in, which can deal with the mobility of mobile devices. On the other h

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11

Wu, ZhaoHui, HuaJun Chen, and JieFeng Xu. "Knowledge base grid: A generic grid architecture for semantic web." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 18, no. 4 (2003): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02948920.

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12

Teixeira, Tiago De Gregori, Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado, Rafael Pivotto Bortolotto, et al. "VARIABILIDADE DE ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO SOB DIFERENTES GRIDS DE AMOSTRAGEM EM AGRICULTURA DE PRECISÃO." BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 88, no. 3 (2013): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v88i3.109.

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A agricultura de precisão vem sendo adotada por mais agricultores dia após dia, pela difusão da tecnologia entre empresas, produtores e técnicos. Com esses novos usuários da tecnologia surgem dúvidas técnicas sobre a correta utilização de suas ferramentas. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre definição do grid de amostragem de solos; para isso foram analisados os grids 1 ha ponto-1, 2 ha ponto-1, 3 ha ponto-1, e 5 ha ponto-1. Para os diferentes grids foram analisados fatores econômico (custo) e agronômico (atributos químicos de solo), a fim de melhor recomendação da aplicação de fertilizant

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13

Zhang, Nan, Di Liu, Tianbao Liu, et al. "A Win-Win Coordinated Scheduling Strategy Between Flexible Load Resource Operators and Smart Grid in 5G Era." Energies 18, no. 6 (2025): 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061510.

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With the rapid expansion of 5G base stations, the increasing energy consumption and fluctuations in power grid loads pose significant challenges to both network operators and grid stability. This paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy designed to address these pressing issues by leveraging the flexible load management capabilities of 5G base stations and their potential for inter-regional power demand response within the smart grid framework. This study begins by quantifying the dispatch potential of 5G base stations through a detailed analysis of their load dynamics, particularly un

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Grotmol, Gunnar, Eivind Hovdegård Furdal, Nisha Dalal, et al. "A Robust and Scalable Stacked Ensemble for Day-Ahead Forecasting of Distribution Network Losses." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 13 (2023): 15503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26838.

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Accurate day-ahead nominations of grid losses in electrical distribution networks are important to reduce the societal cost of these losses. We present a modification of the CatBoost ensemble-based system for day-ahead grid loss prediction detailed in Dalal et al. (2020), making four main changes. Base models predict on the log-space of the target, to ensure non-negative predictions. The model ensemble is changed to include different model types, for increased ensemble variance. Feature engineering is applied to consumption and weather forecasts, to improve base model performance. Finally, a n

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15

Li, Ting Shun, and Ling Na Meng. "Research on the Construction Method of Ontology Knowledge Base in Smart Grid Based on Dynamic Description Logic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1636.

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With the principle of dynamic description logic, which introduces the concept of grid domain ontologys knowledge representation, a system is built that can be shared by each businesses ontology knowledge base in smart grid. First, combine attributive concept language with complements language using dynamic description logic with ALC language to build a smart grid domain ontology. And then use the ontology knowledge to build the final ontology knowledge base that can greatly improve the efficiency of information query and clearly express the basic concepts, properties, processing methods and in

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16

van Mierlo, Barbara. "Users Empowered in Smart Grid Development? Assumptions and Up-To-Date Knowledge." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050815.

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Active involvement of users in smart grids is often seen as key to beneficial development of smart grids. In this paper, we investigate the diverse assumptions about how and why users should be active and to what extent these assumptions are supported by experiences in practice. We present the findings of a systematic literature review on four distinctive forms of user involvement in actual smart grid projects: demand shifting, energy saving, co-design, and co-provision. The state-of-the-art knowledge reflects the preoccupation with demand shifting in the actual smart grid development. Little

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17

Feng, Zhan Rong, Li Xia Wang, and Jun Hua Cui. "Research on the Generation of Two-Dimensional Fitted-Body Grid by Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.835.

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. In this paper, the basic theory of Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method is studied based on C++ and by using ObjectARX as the re-development tool of AutoCAD. During the mesh generation and iteration process, the method of adjusting the orthogonal property between the grid lines and the boundary by using Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method is elaborated. The orthogonal property of four common structured grids: Laplace, TM, Potential Flow Theory, and WEI Wen-li Method, have been adjusted with this method. Experiment results indicate that the orthogonal property between the grid lines and

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18

Mwanza, Mabvuto, and Kline Tarcisius Mapfumo. "Techno-Economic Studies of Integration of Solar PV Technology in Telecommunications Sector for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Budiriro." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 13, no. 4 (2023): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4268.

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The telecommunications industry in Zimbabwe keeps growing with an increase in the number of users year by year. The demand on the national grid and low power supply means long hours of electricity outages, which prompts Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to use generators as backup power to keep base stations online for uninterrupted provision of internet to consumers. Generator systems increase the operation expenditure (OPEX) of running base stations, produce GHG emissions and in tern attract an additional cost of emission. This causes an increase in the cost of running the business and conse

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19

Kwon, Young Cheol, and Song-You Hong. "A Mass-Flux Cumulus Parameterization Scheme across Gray-Zone Resolutions." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 2 (2017): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0034.1.

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A method that enables a mass-flux cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) to work seamlessly in various model grids across CPS gray-zone resolutions is proposed. The convective cloud-base mass flux, convective inhibition, and convective detrainment in the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) scheme are modified to be functions of the convective updraft fraction. The combination of two updraft fractions is used to modulate the cloud-base mass flux; the first one depends on the horizontal grid space and the other is a function of the grid-scale and convective vertical velocity. The convective inhibit

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20

Zhang, Wentao, Ruipeng Guo, Yishan Shi, Yuchen Tang, and Yi Lin. "A Power Grid Partitioning Method for Short-Circuit Current Considering Multi-Scenario Security with an Improved Direct Current Model." Energies 16, no. 21 (2023): 7332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217332.

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In order to ensure the security of power grids and control the level of short-circuit currents, a multi-objective optimization method for power grid partitioning is proposed. This method takes into consideration both short-circuit currents and multi-scenario safety constraints. A power grid partitioning optimization model is established to achieve objectives such as minimizing disconnected lines, maximizing safety margins, and ensuring load balance in the main transformers. The model aims to satisfy constraints related to short-circuit current levels, base-case power flow, and N − 1 security.

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21

Nitin, Shejwal, Bibave Rahul, and D. B. Pardeshi Dr. "Advanced Data Analytics and Machine Learning Applications in Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Research and Advancement in Electrical Engineering 7, no. 1 (2024): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623383.

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<em>This paper consist a comprehensive review study on Advanced Data Analytics and Machine Learning Applications system technology used for systematic computations analyses of data generated in grids, helps in better interpretation. This also helps in making precise communication, identification of data trends which develops meaningful patterns which comes in. An Internet of Things (IoT) Base is mainly used in Smart Grid which provides better connectivity and constant communication. Use of (IoT) provides protection to the grid in the form of Cybersecurity. Machine Learning Algorithms helps in

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22

Song, Kee-nam, and Sang-hoon Lee. "Effect of Weld Properties on the Crush Strength of the PWR Spacer Grid." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/540285.

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Mechanical properties in a weld zone are different from those in the base material because of different microstructures. A spacer grid in PWR fuel is a structural component with an interconnected and welded array of slotted grid straps. Previous research on the strength analyses of the spacer grid was performed using base material properties owing to a lack of mechanical properties in the weld zone. In this study, based on the mechanical properties in the weld zone of the spacer grid recently obtained by an instrumented indentation technique, the strength analyses considering the mechanical pr

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23

Du, L., J. Ben, Y. Li, and R. Wang. "GENERATION ALGORITHM OF DISCRETE LINE IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GRIDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-11-2017.

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Discrete Global Grids System (DGGS) is a kind of digital multi-resolution earth reference model, in terms of structure, it is conducive to the geographical spatial big data integration and mining. Vector is one of the important types of spatial data, only by discretization, can it be applied in grids system to make process and analysis. Based on the some constraint conditions, this paper put forward a strict definition of discrete lines, building a mathematic model of the discrete lines by base vectors combination method. Transforming mesh discrete lines issue in n-dimensional grids into the i

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24

Abuhmaidan, Khaled, Monther Aldwairi, and Benedek Nagy. "Vector Arithmetic in the Triangular Grid." Entropy 23, no. 3 (2021): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030373.

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Vector arithmetic is a base of (coordinate) geometry, physics and various other disciplines. The usual method is based on Cartesian coordinate-system which fits both to continuous plane/space and digital rectangular-grids. The triangular grid is also regular, but it is not a point lattice: it is not closed under vector-addition, which gives a challenge. The points of the triangular grid are represented by zero-sum and one-sum coordinate-triplets keeping the symmetry of the grid and reflecting the orientations of the triangles. This system is expanded to the plane using restrictions like, at le

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25

Woodgate, M. A., and G. N. Barakos. "An implicit hybrid method for the computation of rotorcraft flows." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1256 (2018): 1522–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.108.

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ABSTRACTThere is a wide variety of CFD grid types including Cartesian, structured, unstructured and hybrids, as well as, numerous methodologies of combining these to reduce the time required to generate high-quality grids around complex configurations. If the grid methodologies were implemented in different codes, they should be written in such a way as to obtain the maximum performance from the available computer resources. A common interface should also be required to allow for ease of use. However, it is very time consuming to develop, maintain and add extra functionally to different codes.

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Balaguru, S., K. Saranraj, Murali Vela, and P. Chellapandi. "Variation in Residual Stresses due to Thermal Cycling Induced on the Hardfaced Grid Plate in PFBR." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.98.

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In sodium cooled fast breeder reactors, the high operating temperature necessitates hard facing of grid plate to avoid galling and to reduce the wear loss of the base material . Nickel-base cobalt-free alloy called Colmonoy-5 has been chosen as the hard facing material for the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) grid plate. The grid plate (GP) which is a critical component made of 316 LN SS that holds the core subassemblies are hard faced, to prevent galling and also to minimize wear caused by subassembly insertion/removal and erosion due to high sodium velocity at 670 K. Thermal cycling of

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27

Al-Qraghuli, Anwar Subhi Ramdan, and Attaa Hasan Abbood Alobaidi. "The Grid as a Base Design in Contemporary Architecture." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 1 (2019): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.1.024.

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The (Grid) is one of the most important fundamentals in architectural design and it was adopted from ancient civilizations to contemporary architecture, thus enhancing the creation of products characterized by system, harmony, unity and integration,. Methods and basis of adoption the (Grid) for the twenty-first century have been varied for the diversity of products and architectural trends with correspondence to technology impact in general. The research problem was articulated as: the lack of comprehensive framework to the nature of the adoption of the (Grid) as a design base in contemporary

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Li, Jinchao, Tianzhi Li, and Liu Han. "Research on the Evaluation Model of a Smart Grid Development Level Based on Differentiation of Development Demand." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114047.

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In order to eliminate the impact of inter-regional differentiation of development demand on the objective evaluation of the development level of smart grid, this paper establishes the evaluation model of weight modification, transmission mechanism and combination of subjective and objective weights. Firstly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to calculate the weights of evaluation indices of effect layer and then the indices of development demand are used to modify the weights of them. The association analysis and the correlation coefficient are used to establish the weights conduct

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29

Yasin Ghadi, Yazeed, Tehseen Mazhar, Khursheed Aurangzeb, et al. "Security risk models against attacks in smart grid using big data and artificial intelligence." PeerJ Computer Science 10 (April 26, 2024): e1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1840.

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The need to update the electrical infrastructure led directly to the idea of smart grids (SG). Modern security technologies are almost perfect for detecting and preventing numerous attacks on the smart grid. They are unable to meet the challenging cyber security standards, nevertheless. We need many methods and techniques to effectively defend against cyber threats. Therefore, a more flexible approach is required to assess data sets and identify hidden risks. This is possible for vast amounts of data due to recent developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Du

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Yao, Xi, Yingdong Hu, Yicheng Xu, and Ruifeng Gao. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Management in Maritime Communication Systems." Sensors 24, no. 7 (2024): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072247.

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With the growing maritime economy, ensuring the quality of communication for maritime users has become imperative. The maritime communication system based on nearshore base stations enhances the communication rate of maritime users through dynamic resource allocation. A virtual queue-based deep reinforcement learning beam allocation scheme is proposed in this paper, aiming to maximize the communication rate. More particularly, to reduce the complexity of resource management, we employ a grid-based method to discretize the maritime environment. For the combinatorial optimization problem of grid

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31

Forsythe, James R., Klaus A. Hoffmann, Russell M. Cummings, and Kyle D. Squires. "Detached-Eddy Simulation With Compressibility Corrections Applied to a Supersonic Axisymmetric Base Flow." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 4 (2002): 911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1517572.

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Detached-eddy simulation is applied to an axisymmetric base flow at supersonic conditions. Detached-eddy simulation is a hybrid approach to modeling turbulence that combines the best features of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large-eddy simulation approaches. In the Reynolds-averaged mode, the model is currently based on either the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model or Menter’s shear stress transport model; in the large-eddy simulation mode, it is based on the Smagorinski subgrid scale model. The intended application of detached-eddy simulation is the treatment of massively separated,

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32

Seo, Changwan, James H. Thorne, Lee Hannah, and Wilfried Thuiller. "Scale effects in species distribution models: implications for conservation planning under climate change." Biology Letters 5, no. 1 (2008): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0476.

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Predictions of future species' ranges under climate change are needed for conservation planning, for which species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used. However, global climate model-based (GCM) output grids can bias the area identified as suitable when these are used as SDM predictor variables, because GCM outputs, typically at least 50×50 km, are biologically coarse. We tested the assumption that species ranges can be equally well portrayed in SDMs operating on base data of different grid sizes by comparing SDM performance statistics and area selected by four SDMs run at seven grid siz

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Xue, Dang Qin, De Yong Lv, Jia Xi Zhang, and Shu Lin Hou. "The Optimization on Grid Division Methods of Blade Pump Blades Based on CFD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.35.

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Grid division is the geometric expression forms and vectors of CFD numerical simulation engineering problems. The quality of the grid has an important impact on the CFD accuracy and computational efficiency about CFD. In this paper, it compares the structured and non-structured grid process summary base on blade pump. During a large number of mechanical fluid grid division and performance calculations, and combining with the theoretical guidance based on rotating machinery fluid Dynamics calculations, it summarizes some experience and practice on blades grid division optimization.

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Osynov, S. M. "Synthesis method for a multilayer grid structure." Electronics and Communications 15, no. 5 (2010): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2010.58.5.284548.

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Woon, Lee Jia, Gobbi Ramasamy, and Siva Priya Thiagarajah. "Peak power shaving in hybrid power supplied 5G base station." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2705.

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The Information and Communication Technology sector consumes approximately 3% of the world’s electrical energy due to the exploding demand for internet service. The most energy-intensive part of cellular communications is the base station, which there are about four million of them deployed globally. As Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks are introduced, the number of base stations will be growing in parallel with the data traffic which in turn will increase the energy consumption of the base station to cater for the growing capacity. The high-power consumption and dynamic traffic demand o

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Lee, Jia Woon, Ramasamy Gobbi, and Priya Thiagarajah Siva. "Peak power shaving in hybrid power supplied 5G base station." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2705.

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The Information and Communication Technology sector consumes approximately 3% of the world’s electrical energy due to the exploding demand for internet service. The most energy-intensive part of cellular communications is the base station, which there are about four million of them deployed globally. As Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks are introduced, the number of base stations will be growing in parallel with the data traffic which in turn will increase the energy consumption of the base station to cater for the growing capacity. The high-power consumption and dynamic traffic de

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37

Yuferev, Leonid. "Development of a Basic Voltage Source for a Micro Grid Based on Renewable Energy Sources." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 1, no. 42 (2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-1-39-43.

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At the heart of a micro-grid that includes several sources of electrical energy, including renewable energy, there must be a base (reference) source that sets the voltage and frequency in the network. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a basic voltage source of a micro-grid, which includes renewable energy sources. (Materials and methods) The article shows that the sources of electrical energy are diﬀerent, but the main requirement for them is to be able to supply voltage to the electrical network at any time, there is a standard voltage scale in the network. For a micro-

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Wu, Shan Shan, Peng Wang, Yang Li, and Yu Hui. "Research and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Index System in Micro-Grid’s Construction and Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1301.

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In order to evaluation the operation of micro-grid comprehensively, this paper builds an index system based on our current definitions and technical characteristics of the micro-grid. There are 20 base evaluation indexes and uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to explain the index system from both technical and economic aspects. Through using the index system to some real region, it has been proved reliably that the index system could reflect the advantages and disadvantages of micro-grid operation intuitively. The proposed indexes have been included State Grid Company of micro-grid technica

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Wang, Su’e, Kaiyuan Cui, and Pengfei Hao. "Grid-Connected Inverter Grid Voltage Feedforward Control Strategy Based on Multi-Objective Constraint in Weak Grid." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133288.

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In weak grid, feedforward of grid voltage control is widely used to effectively suppress grid-side current distortion of inverters caused by harmonics in point of common coupling (PCC) voltage. However, due to its introduction of a positive feedback loop related to the grid impedance, it results in a significant reduction in the system phase margin. In view of this, in this paper, the output impedance of a three-phase LCL grid-connected inverter under a quasi-proportional resonant (QPR) controller is first modeled. Instead of the traditional grid voltage feedforward control strategy, a band-pa

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Fox, Geoffrey, Shrideep Pallickara, Marlon Pierce, and Harshawardhan Gadgil. "Building messaging substrates for Web and Grid applications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1833 (2005): 1757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1605.

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Grid application frameworks have increasingly aligned themselves with the developments in Web services. Web services are currently the most popular infrastructure based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. There are three core areas within the SOA framework: (i) a set of capabilities that are remotely accessible, (ii) communications using messages and (iii) metadata pertaining to the aforementioned capabilities. In this paper, we focus on issues related to the messaging substrate hosting these services; we base these discussions on the NaradaBrokering system. We outline strategies

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Kurniawati, Indah. "Penggunaan Photovoltaic Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan bagi BTS di Daerah Tanpa Aliran Listrik." CYCLOTRON 7, no. 01 (2024): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/cl.v7i01.21651.

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Permintaan layanan teknologi seluler memaksa perusahaan komunikasi membangun banyak perangkat Base Transceiver Station (BTS) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan. Pembangunan BTS harus mencakup segala area termasuk daerah terpencil yang tidak teraliri listrik. Salah satu contoh wilayah pulau terpencil yang belum teraliri listrik adalah Pulau Genting di Karimunjawa, dimana penerapan energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan dapat menjadi catu daya bagi BTS. Salah satu catu daya ramah lingkungan adalah menggunakan photovoltaic berbasis micro-grid system. Oleh karena itu, ketersediaann energi listrik

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Zhu, Siqiao, Rui Ma, Yang Zhou, and Shiyuan Zhong. "Hybrid Control Strategy for 5G Base Station Virtual Battery-Assisted Power Grid Peak Shaving." Electronics 13, no. 17 (2024): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173488.

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With the rapid development of the digital new infrastructure industry, the energy demand for communication base stations in smart grid systems is escalating daily. The country is vigorously promoting the communication energy storage industry. However, the energy storage capacity of base stations is limited and widely distributed, making it difficult to effectively participate in power grid auxiliary services by only implementing the centralized control of base stations. Aiming at this issue, an interactive hybrid control mode between energy storage and the power system under the base station s

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Sun, Wentao, Yi Ge, Guojing Liu, et al. "Siting and Sizing Method of GFM Converters Based on Genetic Algorithm." Inventions 10, no. 1 (2025): 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions10010013.

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The rising integration of renewable energy sources has resulted in a diminished capacity for voltage support within the system, which is characterized by low inertia and a reduced short circuit ratio (SCR). In order to improve grid strength and enhance the capacity for renewable energy integration, an initial analysis was conducted on the grid support capabilities of grid-forming (GFM) stations, followed by an investigation into how grid strength influences the dominant operational modes of GFM converters. Subsequently, leveraging the definition of the multi-infeed short circuit ratio, a calcu

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Zaheb, Hameedullah, Mikaeel Ahmadi, Nisar Ahmad Rahmany, Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Habibullah Fedayi, and Atsushi Yona. "Optimal Grid Flexibility Assessment for Integration of Variable Renewable-Based Electricity Generation." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (2023): 15032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015032.

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This study delves into power system flexibility, with a keen focus on the integration of variable renewable electricity generation into power grids. Two scenarios were analyzed. The base scenario revealed an aging grid, insufficient generation capacity, frequent outages, and little renewable energy generation (1.9%), along with a significant (71.23%) loss of load. In contrast, the investment scenario presented solutions including raising VRE capacity to 44%, adding 1000 MW capacity transmission lines, installing 200 MW capacity grid-scale battery storage, and technological enhancements. These

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Wei, Ze Chen, Feng Zha Zhao, Xiao Li Meng, Xiao Hui Song, Zhi Jun Ye, and Ye Sheng. "Research on Hierarchical Evaluation Index System of Intelligent Level in Smart Distribution Grid." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.443.

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Scientific and normative evaluation index system of smart distribution grid can provide effective guidance and advice for planning and construction of smart distribution grid. Based on the level and target of smart distribution grid construction, combining with the current situation and the development of smart distribution grid in China, this paper built a preliminary framework of evaluation index system of distribution grid intelligent level by hierarchical method, the system contains base layer, measurement and control network layer, management layer and effect layer. The key and new indica

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Du, Lei, and Yue Wu. "220 kV grid optimization in Shengli Oilfield." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2584, no. 1 (2023): 012161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2584/1/012161.

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Abstract As an important oil industry base in China, Shengli oilfield has infrastructure supporting facilities for power generation, transmission, substation, and distribution. Based on the grid data, a BPA simulation model is built for the oilfield area, and a grid optimization scheme is proposed for the problems of the existing 220 kV grid in the Shengli oilfield. The simulation results show that the safety and stability of the oilfield grid are improved under the optimized scheme, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.

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Baratto, Pablo Francisco Benitez, Roberto Avelino Cecílio, David Bruno de Sousa Teixeira, Sidney Sara Zanetti, and Alexandre Cândido Xavier. "Espacialização da Precipitação Diária em Bacias Hidrográficas do Sul do Espírito Santo." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 37, no. 3 (2022): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863730034.

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Resumo Dados espacializados de precipitação diária são úteis para diversas aplicações relacionadas à meteorologia aplicada e à hidrologia, tais como a detecção de mudanças climáticas, estudo de inundações, e compreensão da interação do clima com os processos hidrológicos e biogeoquímicos. Contudo, cada espacialização da chuva deve ser avaliada para uma determinada região específica antes de sua ampla utilização. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou, para as bacias hidrográficas do sul do Espírito Santo (bioma Mata Atlântica), a avaliação de métodos de interpolação espacial, a criação d

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Vigneswari, T., and M. A. Maluk Mohamed. "Scheduling in Sensor Grid Middleware for Telemedicine Using ABC Algorithm." International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592342.

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Advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology have enabled design of low power wireless sensor nodes capable of sensing different vital signs in our body. These nodes can communicate with each other to aggregate data and transmit vital parameters to a base station (BS). The data collected in the base station can be used to monitor health in real time. The patient wearing sensors may be mobile leading to aggregation of data from different BS for processing. Processing real time data is compute-intensive and telemedicine facilities may not have appropriate hardware to proc

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Krivoshapko, S. N. "Grid and Reticulated Shell Structures in the 21st Century." Building and Reconstruction, no. 2 (May 13, 2025): 14–32. https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2025-118-2-14-32.

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Structurally organized space is the base for creation of structural design. In a paper, classification of structural erections on geometrical systems, lying in their base, and on purpose of grid shell systems. The history of the appearance of structural erections, the beginning of which was put by the erection of the Eiffel tower in Paris in 1889, is described briefly. Maybe it was earlier, when manufacturing of rolled products began in industrial scale in 1867. It is shown on concrete examples that net shell structures are used at the last years more often than reinforces concrete thin-walled

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Bazinet, Adam L., Daniel S. Myers, John Fuetsch, and Michael P. Cummings. "Grid Services Base Library: A high-level, procedural application programming interface for writing Globus-based Grid services." Future Generation Computer Systems 23, no. 3 (2007): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2006.07.009.

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