Journal articles: 'Base Metal Stock'

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Rozhkin, B. V., and E. Yu Bishler. "Modeling the intensity of electrochemical corrosion of rails." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2021-2-22-26.

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An increase of train load limits leads to a growth of values of straight and reverse traction currents in traction power supply system. Rails that provide channelling of reverse traction current in direct current power supply system are exposed to electrocorrosion, an intensity of which increases at the growth of traction currents. The aim of the work is to develop an analytical model that will provide a numerical assessment of metal losses from rail base at various modes of electric rolling stock operation and different condition of rail line isolation.

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Gunarsih, Tri, and Yuni Ismawati. "SUSTAINABILITY REPORT AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: STUDY IN MINING AND METAL AND FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2014-2017." Journal of Governance and Integrity 2, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.2.1.2018.5533.

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The aim of this study is to give empirical evidence about the effect of three disclosure dimensions of Sustainability Reporting (SR) to firm performance using ROA and Tobin’s Q. The three dimensions of SR consist of economic dimension, environmental dimension, and social dimension. The argument of the relationship between SR and companies' performance in this study is developed base on good management theories that argue that there is a high correlation between good management practice and Corporate Social Performance (CSP), then there will be a positive impact of SR on the company’s performance. The sample of this study comprises of 60 listed companies in IDX in 2014-2017, in mining and metal and food processing industries. The sampling method is purposive sampling. The results show two dimensions of SR (economic dimension and social dimension) has an impact on market value (Tobin’s Q) but not on book value (ROA).

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Togobitskaya, D. N., A. I. Belkova, and D. A. Stepanenko. "Development of a knowledge base for modeling the physicochemical properties of metallurgical systems and processes." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 33 (2019): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2019-33-193-204.

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The Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy created the Knowledge Base “Metallurgy” (BDMet). It can be used to model the physicochemical properties of metallurgical systems and processes based on modern computer information technology. The aim of the work is to develop the fundamental foundations and identify the main directions of development of PMD, expand the presentation of fundamental, technological and regulatory reference information for analysis and multi-criteria optimization of technological processes. A component of BDMet is also the Base of models of metallurgical systems and technological processes, applied and theoretical research software. The database contains experimental data on the physicochemical properties of metal and slag melts formed from the corresponding charge materials in reducing and oxidizing conditions. The results of relevant scientific and applied developments of the department of physicochemical problems of metallurgical processes are shown. It is noted that the presence in the BDMet of the stock of models according to redistribution and a unified methodology for their creation on a modular basis allows the generation of models into a single end-to-end model. It also allows you to identify the optimal scheme of metallurgical processes and ensure the production of metal of a given quality in the framework of end-to-end technology. It is shown that the use allows us to solve the problems of optimization of technological processes for the production of iron and steel. The prospects for the development of further studies for systemic accumulation in the databases of documentary factual data and experimental information on the properties of metal and slag melts, as well as their further use in reduction and oxidation processes of metallurgical production, are determined.

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Shu, Miao, Shuai Wei, Chun-Jiang Jia, Dao-Lei Wang, and Rui Si. "Effect of Nickel Oxide Doping to Ceria-Supported Gold Catalyst for CO Oxidation and Water-Gas Shift Reactions." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120584.

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Ceria-supported gold catalyst has drew much research interest owing to its high reactivity on CO oxidation and water-gas shift (WGS) reactions. However, till now, there were relatively limited studies on the effect of secondary metal/metal oxide component into gold-ceria system to enhance its catalytic performance. In this work, we synthetized the ceria supported gold-nickel samples via a deposition-precipitation method with the base of NaHCO3 to adjust final pH value of 8~9. We found that the addition of nickel oxide drove off the gold species from the stock solution during synthesis, and thus resulted in a dramatical decrease on doped Au concentration. No crystallized phases of gold and nickel were observed on the surface of ceria nanorods in both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The valence of nickel was maintained as Ni2+ for all the measured samples by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while gold was oxidized with the increased nickel amount after analysis of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The corresponding catalytic tests showed that with the introduction of nickel oxide, the activity of gold-ceria catalyst was promoted for the WGS reaction, but inhibited for the CO oxidation reaction.

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Wu, C., and Xiao Ming Jia. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Environment-Friendly Cutting Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.172.

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Using environment-friendly cutting fluid in the process of metal cutting is one of the valid paths to carry out the green manufacturing. Using metacrylic acid ester, castor oil and boride as the main raw materials, a new type of environment-friendly water-base cutting fluid had been obtained. The main components of this cutting fluid are some kind of high molecular polymer and some kind of B-containing castor oil EP agents. The test results show that the cutting fluid has good stability, antirust property and biodegradability. The maximal non-chucking load value (PB) of the cutting fluid, whose consistency is 5%, can be 1068N. In the comparison with dry cutting, cutting force using environment-friendly cutting fluid is reduced by 23% in a certain condition. Using this cutting fluid can raise stock-removing efficiency and cutting quality, and extend the service life of cutting-tool. And this cutting fluid is harmless to operators and free from pollution to the environment. Expansion and application of the environment-friendly cutting fluid are advantageous to promote the development of the green manufacturing.

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McNeil, A. M., and R. Kerrich. "Archean lamprophyre dykes and gold mineralization, Matheson, Ontario: the conjunction of LILE-enriched mafic magmas, deep crustal structures, and Au concentration." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 324–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-035.

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At the Canadian Arrow deposit, Matheson, separate base- and precious-metal-bearing fracture arrays are associated with a trondhjemitic stock transected by lamprophyre dykes. Peripheral to the stock, high-Fe tholeiitic pillow basalts (Fe2O3 17.8 wt.%, TiO2 2.4 wt.%, Al2O3/TiO2 = 13.7), with interbedded felsic units, experienced amphibolite-facies hydrothermal or regional metamorphism and intense ductile deformation focussed within mylonite zones at the interflow horizons. The trondhjemite stock experienced pervasive reaction with marine water at temperatures that diminished to ≤ 150 °C: this was accompanied by conversion of plagioclase of igneous origin to albite, concomitant enrichment of sodium (Na2O = 8.32 ± 1.16 wt.%, 1σ), and shifts of albite up to δ18O = 14, with attendent, variably negative, quartz–albite fractionations.Galena-dominated veins were precipitated at 220–255 °C from hypersaline CaCl2–NaCl hydrothermal fluids with 22–34 equivalent wt.% NaCl, δ18O = +0.6 to +2.5; these were of evolved marine origin. Later gold-bearing quartz veins formed during hydraulic fracturing under conditions where Pfluid ≥ σ3 + tensile strength. Alteration in vein selvages involved the reaction of albite (δ18O = 14) to K-feldspar (δ18O = 11.3), with gains of Si, K, Rb, Ba, CO2, and S from the hydrothermal fluids and concomitant losses of Fe, Mg, and Na. Volume dilatations were up to +56%. Hydrothermal fluids implicated in this vein array were at 320 ± 20 °C, possessed low salinity, δ18OH2O = 8 ± 0.5, and underwent transient effervescence of CO2; they were of metamorphic or magmatic origin. Coexisting K-feldspar and hematite signify higher aqueous K+/H+ and more oxidizing conditions of deposition than that of most Archean lode gold deposits.Lamprophyre dykes containing trondhjemitic xenoliths were injected along two major subparallel fracture systems showing the same geometry and orientation as the gold-bearing veins. The dykes possess the low SiO2 (39.6 wt.%) and elevated incompatible (P, Th, Zr, Hf, LREE) and mafic (Cr, Ni, Co) trace elements characteristic of calc-alkaline lamprophyres; they are thought to be mantle derivatives. The dykes feature chondrite-normalized troughs at Ta–Nb and Ti. Fe–Mg carbonates in the least-altered lamprophyric dykes (δ13C = −2.8 ± 0.6) may have been derived from a magmatic carbonate reservoir, whereas hydrothermal calcites associated with gold veins (δ13C = −3.2 to −4.6) are interpreted to represent donation of carbon from a uniform reservoir containing carbonate, magmatic C, and carbonaceous components.The conjunction of trondhjemitic and lamprophyric rocks with major structures and gold deposits is interpreted in terms of transcrustal fractures utilized as a conduit for high-Na magmas from the base of the crust, for alkalic magmas from the mantle, and for discharge of hydrothermal fluids from a metamorphic or magmatic reservoir.

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Macdonald, A. James, Marek J. Kreczmer, and Stephen E. Kesler. "Vein, manto, and chimney mineralization at the Fresnillo sliver–lead–zinc mine, Mexico." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 1603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-150.

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Discovered in 1553, the Fresnillo mine in central Mexico has produced approximately 18 t Au, 8830 t Ag, 690 000 t Pb, 925 600 t Zn, and 74 000 t Cu (data for production from 1921 to 1984 inclusive). Ore has been mined from an oxide capping near surface and from unoxidized veins, mantos, and chimneys to a depth of 1 km along a strike length of 4 km. Ore zones at depth, in the northwest portion of the mine, are spatially related to a quartz monzonite porphyry stock, which intrudes a sequence of Mesozoic marine sediments that is overlain by terrestrial rhyolites. Manto and chimney mineralization followed development of skarn around the intrusion and was cut, in turn, by the veins that contain the bulk of the ore. The veins cut the quartz monzonite stock. Manto and chimney mineralization is characterized by partial replacement of the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks with axinite, hedenbergite, quartz, carbonate, sulphides, sulphosalts, sulpharsenides, and sulphantimonides. Brecciation preceded replacement in the chimney bodies. One of the largest replacement orebodies, the Cueva Santa Branch Manto in the central part of the mine, contains an orthogonal fracture set formed during antiformal folding. Trends in grade distribution throughout the manto follow the orthogonal fractures, which are filled by quartz and sulphides. Silver/base-metal ratios show marked peaks where manto mineralization abuts against major veins. Fluid-inclusion filling temperatures and salinities are high in ore zones adjacent to the quartz monzonite stock at a depth of 1 km: mean filling temperature is approximately 320 °C (range 230–370 °C), salinity ranges from 4 to 12 eq. wt.% NaCl. Fluid inclusions from ore near surface exhibit lower filling temperatures (a mean of 235 °C and a range of 210–290 °C) and lower salinity (< 1 eq. wt.% NaCl). The data are consistent with a reduction in temperature and with dilution as the hydrothermal fluids flowed away from the intrusive porphyry.δ34S values for sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite from deeper and intermediate levels in the mine range from −6.1 to −3.5‰. Calculated δ34SΣS is approximately 0‰, suggesting a magmatic sulphur source. Lead isotopic ratios obtained from galena-bearing vein, manto, and chimney samples throughout the mine fall on a line defined by 34 deposits in northern Mexico with slope of 0.092 ± 0.017 in the 208Pb/204Pb versus 207Pb/204Pb system. The lead data indicate that felsic igneous processes extracted the metal from a Precambrian basement source; this was followed by concentration within mineralized zones during hydrothermal activity.

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Bleeker, Wouter, and Randall R. Parrish. "Stratigraphy and U – Pb zircon geochronology of Kidd Creek: implications for the formation of giant volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and the tectonic history of the Abitibi greenstone belt." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-092.

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Within the context of a structural–stratigraphic analysis of the giant Kidd Creek Cu–Zn–Ag deposit, precise U–Pb zircon ages have been obtained for five critical rock units associated with the deposit. Massive, flow-banded footwall rhyolite is dated at 2714.3 ± 1.2 Ma, slightly younger than a previously published age of 2717 ± 2 Ma on nearby rhyolite breccia. Extrusive rhyolite in the immediate hanging wall to the main ore lenses is dated at 2711.5 ± 1.2 Ma, leaving an interval of one to several million years for the formation of the deposit. We consider the demonstrated longevity of the Kidd Creek hydrothermal system as a major control on its giant size. Age constraints together with the size of the deposit suggest a time-averaged rate of base-metal sulphide deposition of about 10–100 t/year. Peak rates were likely one to possibly two orders of magnitude above time-averaged rates, hence 100–1000 t/year or higher. Detrital zircon ages on greywackes in the structural footwall to the deposit support structural observations that the metasediments are unrelated and significantly younger than the volcanics that host the deposit. All greywackes near Kidd Creek are younger than 2699 Ma and should be included in the Porcupine Group, which is redefined to include "Keewatin-age" greywacke turbidites that overlie the Krist Fragmental unit, but are themselves overlain by polymict conglomerates at the base of the Timiskaming sequence. The Prosser Porphyry, a quartz–plagioclase-porphyritic granitoid stock northeast of Kidd Creek, is dated at [Formula: see text] Ma, supporting structural observations that it is not a synvolcanic intrusion.

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Kong, Qingxin, and Shangde Gou. "A Study on the Synergistic Change of Non-ferrous Metal Futures and Stock Prices in China—Based on the Complex System Synergy Degree." MATEC Web of Conferences 267 (2019): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926704009.

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Based on the synergetics perspective, this paper constructs a composite system of non-ferrous metal futures and stock prices, using MATLAB to analyze the data of 3405 trading days from 2004 to 2018 in China. The empirical results show that non-ferrous metal stock prices are generally more orderly than futures prices in the selected period; the price discovery function of aluminum futures is worse than that of copper and zinc; and the 2008 financial crisis has an indelible negative impact on the coordination of China's non-ferrous metals futures market. Finally, this paper discusses whether there are representative metals in the non-ferrous metal market, and makes a brief summary.

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Xu, Wenxuan, Shusen Cheng, Qun Niu, Wei Hu, and Jiawen Bang. "Investigation on the uneven distribution of different types of ores in the hopper and stock surface during the charging process of blast furnace based on discrete element method." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 3 (2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018099.

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The model of an actual 4070 m3 bell-less top blast furnace with two parallel hoppers was established, and the distribution of the sinter, pellet, and lump ore in the hopper and the stock surface was analyzed based on the discrete element method. The results show that the distribution of different types of ores is not uniform in the hopper already. In the radial direction of the stock surface, the sinter volume fraction in the center and peripheral region of the stock surface is higher than that in the intermediate region of the stock surface, but the volume distribution of the pellet and lump ore is opposite to the sinter volume distribution. Owing to the size of lump ore is small, so the pressure drop of burden layer in the intermediate region of the stock surface is larger than that in the center and peripheral region. In the circumferential direction of the stock surface, the standard deviation of the volume distribution of the sinter, pellet, and lump ore is 1.28, 0.92 and 0.49, respectively.

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Leitans, Armands, Irina Boiko, Janis Lungevics, and Viktors Mironovs. "The Influence of the Technological Process on the Surface Quality and Tribological Properties of Powder Details." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.202.

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Nowadays the materials made by methods of powder metallurgy are widely used for producing details of the heavy-duty friction pair. Due to high reliability and effective combination of mechanical and tribological properties such materials are usually used in transport industry, for example for gear assemblies of different kinds of automobiles, brake system of high speed trains, aircrafts etc. There are many variations of powder materials, but for friction pairs the iron based antifriction materials, for example Fe-C-Cu, Fe-P, Fe-Cu-Sn, Fe-Cu-Sn-Pb-MoS2, Fe-C-Cu-Ni-Mo and others are successfully used. In recent years, the requirements for antifriction materials are raised highly because of more intensive freight traffic and speed of vehicles. On the other hand, the demand of more inexpensive materials and effective using of natural resources is the issue of the day.The aim of this paper is to offer the new low-cost metal powder material based on Fe-C compound with content of Ni and Mo up to 0.3%. The influence of the parameters of technological process (pressing and sintering) on physical properties (porosity, density), mechanical properties (hardness) as well as on 2D roughness and 3D texture parameters was studied and is presented in this paper as well. The “Taylor Hobson Ltd” 3D measurement system has been used in metrological study. The analysis of the influence of the technological process on the surface roughness parameters is given. The tribological properties (friction coefficient) were evaluated using “ball-on-disk” testing without lubrication. The analysis of achieved results is prove the appropriateness of using of new low-alloy metal powder material on the iron base for producing details of friction pair. One of the possible applications - bushes for braking systems of railway rolling stock. Using offered material allows reducing the product cost in complex with acceptable wear resistance and durability.

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Shi, Yunlai, Chengshu Lou, and Jun Zhang. "Investigation on a Linear Piezoelectric Actuator Based on Stick-Slip/Scan Excitation." Actuators 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10020039.

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To perform a high resolution and long stroke application in optical precision instruments, a linear piezoelectric actuator operated in stick-slip/scan modes for driving a linear motion table is presented. The proposed piezoelectric actuator is a piezoelectric composite structure, which includes a metal elastomer, a piezoelectric stack, and a frictional ball. The purpose of this paper is to describe the operation principle, design, and the running test and resolution test of the linear motion table driven by the proposed piezoelectric actuator. The notable feature is the flexible hinges of the actuator, including composite hinge, pre-pressure adjustment flexible hinge, and transmission flexible hinge, which are designed for decoupling the motion in the action direction of the piezoelectric stack and the direction in which the pre-pressure is applied. A prototype has been fabricated and two operation modes of the piezoelectric actuator, stick-slip and scan mode, were utilized to test the driving characteristics of the linear motion table. Experimental results show that the finest step resolutions in stick-slip mode and scan mode achieved 12 nm and 4 nm, respectively.

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McMartin, I., P. J. Henderson, and E. Nielsen. "Impact of a base metal smelter on the geochemistry of soils of the Flin Flon region, Manitoba and Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-001.

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The regional dispersal patterns of six trace metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) emitted from the base metal smelter at Flin Flon were examined in surface soils and at depth, using an extensive regional geochemical database for humus and the underlying till. Humus is enriched in those elements emitted from the smelter, and regional dispersal patterns reflect the historical record of smelter contamination. The concentrations of the smelter metals decrease with increasing distance from the stack, until background values are reached, indicating atmospheric fallout from the smelter plume. Smelter contamination is generally restricted to the surface organic-rich horizons, and concentrations of smelter metals in till reflect the absence of significant contamination at depth in the upper C horizon of soils. The maximum radius of contamination varies among the major smelter metals, ranging from 70 km for Cd to 104 km for As. No direct relationship exists among emission, deposition, and sink concentrations, reflecting the complexity of factors influencing total metal concentrations in soils. Factors considered in this study include the natural geochemical signature of the underlying substrate, natural soil-forming processes such as biogeochemical enrichment in the surface organic layer and post-depositional mobilization of metals, and the variation in total metal concentrations among the different fractions and types of samples analysed. With increasing distance from the smelter, these factors become significant and the relative proportion of anthropogenic contamination in the surface terrestrial environment is more difficult to estimate.

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Ostrý, Milan, Sylva Bantová, and Karel Struhala. "Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Metals: Experimental Evaluation Based on the Corrosion Rate." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122823.

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The construction and maintenance of building stock is responsible for approximately 36% of all CO2 emissions in the European Union. One of the possibilities of how to achieve high energy-efficient and decarbonized building stock is the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in building energy systems that contain efficient energy storage capacity. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are latent heat storage media with a high potential of integration in building structures and technical systems. Their solid-liquid transition is specifically utilized for thermal energy storage in building applications. The typically quite old example is the use of ice that serves as long-term storage of cold. Large pieces of ice cut in winter were stored in heavily insulated spaces and prepared for cooling of food or beverages in summer. In the contemporary use of the principle, the PCMs for building applications and tested in this study must have a melting range close to the desired temperature in the occupied rooms. As the PCMs need to be encapsulated, several types of metal containers have been developed and tested for their thermal conductivity and resistance to mechanical damage, which enhances the performance of these so-called latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. Long-term compatibility of metals with PCMs depends, i.e., on the elimination of an undesirable interaction between the metal and the specific PCM. Heat storage medium must be reliably sealed in a metal container, especially if the LHTES is integrated into systems where PCM leaks can negatively affect human health (e.g., domestic hot water tanks). The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactions between the selected commercially available organic (Linpar 17 and 1820) and inorganic (Rubitherm SP22 and SP25) PCMs and metals widely used for PCM encapsulation (aluminum, brass, carbon steel, and copper). The evaluation is based on the calculation of the corrosion rate (CR), and the gravimetric method is used for the determination of the weight variations of the metal samples. The results show good compatibility for all metals with organic PCMs, which is demonstrated by a mass loss as low as 2.1 mg in case of carbon steel immersed in Linpar 1820 for 12 weeks. The exposure of metals to organic PCMs also did not cause any visual changes on the surface except for darker stains, and tarnishing occurred on the copper samples. More pronounced changes were observed in metal samples immersed in inorganic PCMs. The highest CR values were calculated for carbon steel exposed to inorganic PCM Rubitherm SP25 (up to 13.897 mg·cm−2·year−1). The conclusion of the study is that aluminum is the most suitable container material for the tested PCMs as it shows the lowest mass loss and minimal visual changes on the surface after prolonged exposure to the selected PCMs.

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NARITA, Keiichi, and Yoshitaka TAMOTO. "BCD-03 EFFECT OF LUBRICATING BASE STOCKS ON THE TRANSMITTABLE TORQUE CAPACITY OF METAL V-BELT PUSHING TYPE CVT(BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.614.

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Klett, J., and T. Hassel. "Influence of Stick Electrode Coating’s Moisture Content on the Diffusible Hydrogen in Underwater Wet Shielded Metal Arc Welding." Advances in Materials Science 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2020-0020.

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Abstract In shielded metal arc welding, the major factors influencing hydrogen uptake into the weld metal are (i) the hydrogen content of the base metal, (ii) hydrogen input by the welding consumable, and (iii) the hydrogen introduced by the atmosphere surrounding the arc process. In this study, the relative contribution of these factors is investigated and compared to each other for the case of underwater wet shielded metal arc welding. To assess the influence of the stick electrode’s moisture (capillary introduced water during handling operations) on the diffusible hydrogen in wet welded samples, wet and dry electrodes were welded at four different water depths. The moisture was absorbed through the sharpened electrode tip only, to ensure close to service conditions. The results show that the moist stick electrode coatings lead to 22.6% higher average diffusible hydrogen content in the weld metal (0.5 m water depth an average). However, the effect disappears with increasing water depths (no difference in 60 m water depth).

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Ho, Che-Fang, Yuan-Yun Tam, and Chia-Chen Wu. "Pneumocephalus Following Self-Inflicted Penetrating Brain Injury." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7878646.

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Objective. Pneumocephalus is a rare complication that often occurs after traumatic skull base injury, leading to morbidity and mortality. Material and Method. We present the case of a 42-year-old healthy man who injured himself when he stuck a metal stick into his left nasal cavity to relieve prolonged nasal obstruction. Immediate cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and subsequent meningitis and pneumocephalus occurred later. He was presented at our hospital with fever and meningeal signs. Result. Computed tomography scans revealed left rhinosinusitis and air collection in the subarachnoid space. The patient received the conservative treatment of bed rest, intravenous hydration, head elevation, and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Pneumocephalus and meningitis resolved without any surgery, and he experienced no other sequela or complication. Conclusion. Pneumocephalus is a rare incidence and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment of pneumocephalus and meningitis proved beneficial for our patient who recovered without any complication or surgery.

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Marino, Luca, and Alice Cicirello. "Experimental investigation of a single-degree-of-freedom system with Coulomb friction." Nonlinear Dynamics 99, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 1781–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-05443-2.

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AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) system with a metal-to-metal contact under harmonic base or joined base-wall excitation. The experimental results are compared with those yielded by mathematical models based on a SDoF system with Coulomb damping. While previous experiments on friction-damped systems focused on the characterisation of the friction force, the proposed approach investigates the steady response of a SDoF system when different exciting frequencies and friction forces are applied. The experimental set-up consists of a single-storey building, where harmonic excitation is imposed on a base plate and a friction contact is achieved between a steel top plate and a brass disc. The experimental results are expressed in terms of displacement transmissibility, phase angle and top plate motion in the time and frequency domains. Both continuous and stick-slip motions are investigated. The main results achieved in this paper are: (1) the development of an experimental set-up capable of reproducing friction damping effects on a harmonically excited SDoF system; (2) the validation of the analytical model introduced by Marino et al. (Nonlinear Dyn, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-04983-x) and, particularly, the inversion of the transmissibility curves in the joined base-wall motion case; (3) the systematic observation of stick-slip phenomena and their validation with numerical results.

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Lee, Woo Geun, Jung-Seok Kim, Seung-Ju Sun, and Jae-Yong Lim. "The next generation material for lightweight railway car body structures: Magnesium alloys." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (April 28, 2016): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716646140.

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While magnesium alloys have the attractive attributes of low density, the application of the metal in transportation industries has been restricted by its low stiffness and strength. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of lightweight railway car body construction using magnesium alloys from the structural and manufacturing perspectives. Extruded members, making up a car body, were designed employing a gradient-based optimization algorithm. And then, numerical simulations were conducted to confirm the structural performance of the newly designed car body. In addition, one of the designed members was extruded and joined with another via friction stir welding in order to verify its fabrication potential. The work demonstrated that, with just 85% of the weight of an aluminium car body currently in operation, a magnesium-based railway car body can be potentially constructed by extrusion followed by friction stir welding for the next generation rolling stocks; that is to say, the weight saving amount is 10% of the total bare frame weight, or 2% of its total rolling stock weight.

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Mateen, Fahad, Heemuk Oh, Wansu Jung, Micheal Binns, and Sung-Kyu Hong. "Metal nanoparticles based stack structured plasmonic luminescent solar concentrator." Solar Energy 155 (October 2017): 934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.037.

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Boomsma, Martijn F., Inge Slouwerhof, Christiaan van Lingen, Dean F. M. Pakvis, Jorn A. van Dalen, Mireille A. Edens, Harmen B. Ettema, Cees C. P. M. Verheyen, and Mario Maas. "CT-based quantification of bone stock in large head metal-on-metal unilateral total hip replacements." European Journal of Radiology 85, no. 4 (April 2016): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.01.019.

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Ghiara, Giorgia, Paolo Piccardo, Valeria Bongiorno, Christian Geipel, and Roberto Spotorno. "Characterization of Metallic Interconnects Extracted from Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks Operated up to 20,000 h in Real Life Conditions: The Air Side." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 6487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246487.

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Metallic interconnects represent the main component of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack in terms of weight and volume. They are typically made of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) coated on the air side. At the stack operating conditions, the interconnect is exposed to a dual atmosphere: air at the cathode side; fuel (a hydrogen-rich mixture) at the anode side. The stacks considered in this study were field operated in reformed natural gas for 5000, 9000 and 20,000 h respectively. The analyzed interconnects are made from CROFER22APU and coated on the air side with Co-Mn base spinel. One interconnect has been studied for each stack by sampling and preparing cross section the inlet and outlet positions. The samples were characterized by SEM-EDXS in order to investigate the evolution of the interconnect at the air side. The interaction between the metal substrate and the coating is investigated highlighting the formation of chromia based thermal grown oxide (at the FSS/coating interface) and the solid-state diffusion of Cr and Fe from the metal into the coating. The microstructural features evolving as a function of time are also quantified.

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Zheng, Gaige, Shaorong Xiao, Chengyi Zhang, Wei Su, and Yuzhu Liu. "Plasmonic planar lens based on stack of metal–insulator–metal waveguides with height tuning." Optik 124, no. 21 (November 2013): 4780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.01.083.

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Xu, Yuan Yuan, Yan Fu Yan, Yang Yang Sheng, and Shuai Li. "The Influence of Surface Active Agent on Zn Base Brazing Filler Metal Soft Solder." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.91.

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The wetting property of Zinc base solder was difficult, so surface active agent could improve the wettability. This paper studied the impact of surfactant OP - 10 to Zn20Sn solder soft solder physical properties and spreading performance, the results show that: when the surfactant OP - 10 content is 1 wt.%, the non-stick, corrosive, non-volatile content and stability of soft solder all meet the national standards and spreading performance is good.

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DHAWAN, Hitesh, and Ramesh KUMAR. "Cold Welding Based Space Debris Removal System." INCAS BULLETIN 13, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.2.4.

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Space Debris is a major problem posing a great threat to all the future space travels as well as to all the satellites which are orbiting around the earth. According to a definition by the Inter-Agency Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) “space debris are all man-made objects including fragments and elements thereof, in Earth orbit or re-entering the atmosphere, that are non-functional” [1]. According to J. C. Liou, even if we stop all the space launches the amount of space debris will remain constant up to 50 years but will increase later due to collisions among them [3], [4]. Till December 16, 2019 a total of 20047 objects are on orbit out of which 5370 objects are payloads and 14677 are debris, this means about 73% of the objects in orbit constitutes debris. [2] The rate at which the debris is generated is much greater than the rate at which this debris deaccelerates, leaves the earth orbit and re-enters the earth atmosphere. We can protect the future space missions from huge debris particles that are traceable but the small debris elements pose a major threat. In this paper we propose a technique to remove the small debris particles from Lower earth orbits based on cold welding. Cold welding is the process in which two similar metals stick to each other when there is a metal to metal contact in space. This happens because on the ground these metals have layers of oxides thus, two pure metals never come in contact but in space, due to wear and tear, this layer of oxides get removed irreversibly and as a result, pure metals come in contact and the adhesive forces cause the metals to join. The debris is orbiting around the earth at a speed of 17500 mph [10]. For our system we use a composite material made up of a combination of elements that usually orbit the earth. Since, in relative frames they are stationary by increasing the velocity with controlled amount we can control the impact during contact. We will propel this composite material with the same speed around the earth as the debris, so that in their relative frames it appears stationary. By bringing the debris particles into contact with the composite material, cold welding will take place between them and then, we will send the system to international space station where the captured debris particles are removed from the composite material. By repeating this process, we can remove most of the small debris particles of size less than 10cm which are orbiting around the earth in lower earth orbit.

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Salehi, Mahdi, Hossein Tarighi, and Malihe Rezanezhad. "Empirical study on the effective factors of social responsibility disclosure of Iranian companies." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 26, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-06-2018-0028.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate the relationship between some characteristics of corporations including firm size, financial leverage, profitability, firm age and the type of industry with social responsibility disclosure of firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE); and second, to study the association between the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and some of the audit variables such as audit fees, audit tenure and audit firm’ size. Design/methodology/approach The study population consists of 125 firms listed on the TSE during the years 2010–2015. Following Salehi et al. (2017), content analysis is used to measure the level of social responsibility disclosure, and hypotheses are performed using multiple regression analysis and R software. Findings The results represented that there is a positive significant relationship between a firm size and a firm age with the level of CSRD. However, there is a negative significant association between financial leverage and profitability with the level of CSRD. Given that CSRD is different among various industries and the type of industry can be an influential factor in CSRD, an industry type’ variable in the fourth hypothesis is of a type of index variable and has eight levels, of which the first level is ranked as the base level. Our findings showed that the level of CSRD at industries of machinery and appliances, production of metal products, food and beverage products, and textiles is lower than the baseline level (pharmacy). Nevertheless, companies in the fifth industry (mineral products) have a higher level of CSRD in comparison with the pharmacy industry. Moreover, the authors find that there is a significant positive connection between audit fees and CSRD. This implies that Iranian managers in an inflationary economy probably manage earnings when they provide more CSRDs, which leads to increase in the audit risk and audit fees. Practical implications Needless to say, the findings of this paper will have practical implications for investors, auditors and other users of financial statements. First of all, this study will aware them of the fact that when a country faces economic sanctions and most of its companies are in financial strain investors should not consider the firms engaging in corporate social responsibility activities to behave morally and provide transparent financial reports. Second, the results will convince auditors to be conservative toward the firms that are financially distressed, for audit risk of them will be high. Thus, policymakers should be cautious concerning directors’ opportunistic actions and increase monitoring to enforce social obedience. Originality/value The turning point of this research is related to the time period of research related to firms that have faced severe financial problems due to economic sanctions. In fact, the study revealed another aspect of CSRD that could have negative consequences when managers are in financial strain and take opportunistic actions.

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Kushnazarov, P. I., B. B. Ahrarov, D. O. Nizamova, and U. M. Turabekova. "Synthesis And Properties Of New Ionophors Based On Oil And Fat Industry Waste." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue01-26.

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Using characteristic ion of the fraudulent resins is considered In article in sorption process gold of the extraction. They Are Presented: scheme of the technological process of the syntheses efficient ionit incorporated phosphorus gossypol resins; the mode to technologies of the reception ionit introduction phosphoric group gossypol of the resin; the technical features ionit phosphorus containing gossypol of the resin on base gossypol resins butter to fatty industry TSh 86-38: 2006. It Is Installed that received ионит possible aplying ion for extraction of the non-ferrous metals, as follows for extraction ion honeys from concentrated solution hydra metallurgical production and is determined that, ion exchange runs only then, when ion gene group dissociation. It Is Revealled that received ионит the phosphoric group gossypol of the resin for extraction and sorptions ion non-ferrous metals corresponds to the confirmed specificationses, in accordance with which is planned to issue in the manner of grain, applicable as sorbent for extraction ion non-ferrous metals from concentrated solution. It Is Determined that received by syntheses phosphoric group gossypol of the resin efficient ионит, after washer with water and after hydrolysis saves its spherical form and in this form possible send on stock-room.

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Kim, Seungbeom, Jinpyo Lee, and Minjae Park. "Mathematical Modeling for Risk Averse Firm Facing Loss Averse Customer’s Stochastic Uncertainty." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6810415.

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To optimize the firm’s profit during a finite planning horizon, a dynamic programming model is used to make joint pricing and inventory replenishment decision assuming that customers are loss averse and the firm is risk averse. We model the loss averse customer’s demand using the multinomial choice model. In this choice model, we consider the acquisition and transition utilities widely used by a mental accounting theory which also incorporate the reference price and actual price. Then, we show that there is an optimal inventory policy which is base-stock policy depending on the accumulated wealth in each period.

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Wang, Lei, Jing Wen, Yuan Jiang, Qiaofeng Ou, Lei Yu, Bang-Shu Xiong, Bingxing Yang, Chao Zhang, and Yi Tong. "Electrical Conduction Characteristic of a 2D MXene Device with Cu/Cr2C/TiN Structure Based on Density Functional Theory." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173671.

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The electronic structure and the corresponding electrical conductive behavior of the Cu/Cr2C/TiN stack were assessed according to a newly developed first-principle model based on density functional theory. Using an additional Cr2C layer provides the metal-like characteristic of the Cu/Cr2C/TiN stack with much larger electrical conduction coefficients (i.e., mobility, diffusivity, and electrical conductivity) than the conventional Ag/Ti3C2/Pt stack due to the lower activation energy. This device is therefore capable of offering faster switching speeds, lower programming voltage, and better stability and durability than the memristor device with conventional Ti3C2 MXene.

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Vargas-Estevez, Carolina, Roberto R. Robaina, Rafael Perez del Real, and Jose A. Plaza. "Nanometric Metal-Film Thickness Measurement Based on a Planar Spiral Coils Stack." IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (March 2015): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnano.2015.2392794.

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Meng (), Xianzhu. "Smith–Purcell free electron laser based on a multilayer metal-dielectric stack." Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 124, no. 17 (September 2013): 3162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.09.001.

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Venkataraman, Kartik, and Eric Hellstrom. "Development of a metal-organic deposition process for growth of lanthanum manganate buffer layers for coated conductors." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 4 (April 2009): 1567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0180.

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One embodiment of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO)-coated conductors consists of YBCO film grown using a metal-organic deposition (MOD) process on a buffer layer stack deposited on a Ni-W substrate. A possible alternative is to replace the multilayer buffer stack with a single layer of LaMnO3 (LMO) grown by MOD. A suitable temperature (T) – oxygen partial pressure (PO2) process-window to grow LMO films via MOD on Ni substrates has been identified. Untextured LMO was grown on pure Ni. However, we have not been able to grow phase-pure LMO films on either bare or Y2O3-coated, biaxially textured Ni-5W (at.%) due to the incongruent, overlapping requirements of having the PO2 low enough to not oxidize the Ni-5W substrate but high enough to convert the metal-organic precursors to LMO and the relatively high temperatures needed to form an epitaxial film in an MOD process. The main problem is that tungsten from the substrate reacts with cations in the overlying film forming tungstates when the films are processed in the T-PO2 window.

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Dong, Zhengyang. "Dynamic Advisor-Based Ensemble (dynABE): Case study in stock trend prediction of critical metal companies." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): e0212487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212487.

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Mikhelashvili, V., P. Thangadurai, W. D. Kaplan, and G. Eisenstein. "High capacitance density metal-insulator-metal structures based on a high-κ HfNxOy–SiO2–HfTiOy laminate stack." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 13 (March 31, 2008): 132902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2905273.

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Nunobiki, Masayuki, Yasunori Harada, and Koichi Okuda. "Production of Fe-Al Alloy Coat on Steel Block by Scanning Laser Beam." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.794.

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Recently, the demand for long life to industrial products has risen. The high strength alloy coating on necessary part can decrease a manufacturing cost for life prolongation. This study proposes a laser surface alloying method to form an Fe-Al alloy coating on a carbon steel. By laser heating to an Al foil stuck on the steel, the mutual diffusion proceeds and the Fe-Al alloy grows. The material property of the generated alloy is greatly different according to a heat treatment temperature. For example, Fe3Al grows at 950 °C or more, and it has high toughness. A furnace heating effects the properties of inside of base material negatively. A high-frequency heating is not suitable for a local surface reforming. The laser processing is suitable for a local surface reforming. A defocused CO2 laser was irradiated to the Al foil stuck on the steel block by the shot lining in various processing conditions. The metal structures of the laser irradiated area was observed, to search for the suitable processing conditions for alloy coating. It was clarified that a local Fe-Al alloy coat was able to be formed without change of the properties of base material by high speed laser scanning.

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Dong, Zhengyang. "Correction: Dynamic Advisor-Based Ensemble (dynABE): Case study in stock trend prediction of critical metal companies." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): e0214339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214339.

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Wu, L. C., K. J. Chen, J. M. Wang, X. F. Huang, Z. T. Song, and W. L. Liu. "Charge retention enhancement in stack nanocrystalline-Si based metal-insulator-semiconductor memory structure." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 11 (September 11, 2006): 112118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2352796.

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Küsel, Andrea, Jinhua Zhang, Miguel Alvariño Gil, A. Claudia Stückl, Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke, Franc Meyer, and Ulf Diederichsen. "Metal Binding Within a Peptide-Based Nucleobase Stack with Tuneable Double-Strand Topology." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2005, no. 21 (November 2005): 4317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200500464.

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Chen, Y. N., K. L. Pey, K. E. J. Goh, Z. Z. Lwin, P. Singh, and S. Mahapatra. "Study of automatic recovery on the metal nanocrystal-based Al2O3/SiO2 gate stack." Applied Physics Letters 98, no. 8 (February 21, 2011): 083504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3556641.

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40

Vafaei, Mina, Mahmood Moradi, and Gholam Hossein Bordbar. "Realization of Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterial Stack Based on Dielectric-Semiconductor-Metal Multilayers." Plasmonics 14, no. 6 (July 16, 2019): 1929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-00978-x.

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Skeaff, James M., Yves Thibault, and David J. Hardy. "A new method for the characterisation and quantitative speciation of base metal smelter stack particulates." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 177, no. 1-4 (July 30, 2010): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1627-9.

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42

Awitdrus, Awitdrus, Meylia Susiana Dewi Putri, Romi Fadli Syahputra, Iwantono Iwantono, and Saktioto Saktioto. "Activated Carbon Based on Pineapple Crown for Heavy Metal Adsorption." Advanced Materials Research 1162 (April 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1162.57.

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The objectives of this study are to investigate the influence of concentration variation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and to remove a heavy metal in liquid waste of the activated carbon. The raw material of activated carbon was obtained from pineapple crown waste. Pineapple crowns pre-carbonized at 180 oC for 1 hour. Chemical activation was carried out using KOH with concentration 2M, 3M, and 4M for 20 hours at 30 oC and temperature 60 oC for 2 hours. Microwave irradiation was conducted at 630 Watt of output power for 15 minutes. The physical properties of activated carbon were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to determine surface morphology of activated carbon, X-ray diffraction to calculated microstructure (i.e. interlayer spacing and microcrystalline dimension) using Bragg’s and Scherer’s equations, specific surface area was calculated from N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm using BET equation, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) identify the functional groups of activated carbon, and heavy metals absorption was tested using atomic adsorption spectrophotometric. The highest surface area of activated carbon is 300,901 m2/g for activated carbon with concentration 2M corresponding to the highest stack height (Lc) of activated carbon of 10,470 nm. The carbon chain structure shows the functional groups C-H, C≡C, O-H, C-OH, and CH2 at wavenumbers of 2889,49 cm-1, 2360,97 cm-1, 2339,97 cm-1, and 998,21 cm-1, respectively.

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(Meni) Abudy, Menachem, and Efrat Shust. "Employees’ Attitudes Toward Equity-Based Compensation." Compensation & Benefits Review 44, no. 5 (September 2012): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368712472599.

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This article presents a field study that examines the subjective value of equity-based compensation and investigates the relationship between attitude toward risk and compensation preferences. The participants in the field survey received equity-based compensation in the past but lack financial education background. We find that the respondents exhibit difficulty in estimating the value of employee stock options, which usually results in a subjective value that is lower than the objective value (calculated using the Black–Scholes model). Additional findings demonstrate the presence of behavioral biases such as priming and mental anchoring. Finally, we document an absence of transitivity in the preferences of 10% of the respondents.

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Fisichella, Gabriele, Giuseppe Greco, Salvatore di Franco, Raffaella Lo Nigro, Emanuela Schilirò, Fabrizio Roccaforte, and Filippo Giannazzo. "Hot Electron Transistors Based on Graphene/AlGaN/GaN Vertical Heterostructures." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.1137.

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This paper presents a study of the vertical current transport in a graphene (Gr) heterostructure with AlxGa1-xN/GaN, which represent the main building block of a novel high frequency device, the hot electron transistor (HET) with Gr base. The morphological and electrical properties of this heterostructures have been investigated at nanoscale by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM). In particular, local current-voltage measurements by the CAFM probe revealed the formation of a Schottky contact with low barrier height (∼0.41 eV) and excellent lateral uniformity between Gr and AlGaN. Basing on the electrical parameters extracted from this characterization, the theoretical performances of a HET formed by a metal/Al2O3/Gr/AlGaN/GaN stack have been evaluated.

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Hsu, W. Chuck, Yen-Sheng Lu, Jung-Yi Chyan, and J. Andrew Yeh. "High-Efficiency 6′′ Multicrystalline Black Solar Cells Based on Metal-Nanoparticle-Assisted Chemical Etching." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/197514.

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Multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) photovoltaic (PV) solar cells with nanoscale surface texturing by metal-nanoparticle-assisted etching are proposed to achieve high power efficiency. The investigation of average nanorod lengths from 100 nm to 1 μm reveals that the Si wafer decorated with 100 nm thick nanorods has optical reflection of 9.5% inferior than the one with 1 μm thick nanorods (2%). However, the short nanorods improve the doping uniformity and effectively decrease metal contact resistance. After surface passivation using the hydrogenated SiO2/SiNx(5 nm/50 nm) stack, the minority carrier lifetime substantially increases from 1.8 to 7.2 μs for the 100 nm-thick nanorod solar cell to achieve the high power efficiency of 16.38%, compared with 1 μm thick nanorod solar cell with 11.87%.

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Zhang, Li Min. "Study on the Manufacturing Technology of Directly Metal Forming Based on Overlay Welding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.22.

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Rapid prototyping technology can greatly improve the actual processing industrial prototype; this paper introduces the main principle, characteristics and technology of rapid prototype manufacturing. The current rapid prototype manufacturing products and production problems are analyzed. Because of the direct metal forming process have the characteristic of point by point, surfacing with stack molding manufacturing layer by layer, so it is suitable for complex shape parts two-dimensional or three-dimensional functionally gradient materials manufacturing.

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DAI, ZHONGGUO, YONGHAO NI, GEORGE COURT, and ZHIQING LI. "Mitigating pitch-related deposits at a thermomechanical pulp-based specialty paper mill." March 2011 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.3.51.

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A mill in Eastern Canada experienced significant sticky deposit formation on one of the guide rolls of the supercalendering stack in its supercalendered paper production line. To investigate, and minimize, the formation of those sticky deposits, we collected deposit samples from a supercalender stack and analyzed them for their chemical compositions, metal ion contents, and thermal properties. Acetone soluble substances, which were considered as pitch or wood extractives, were shown to account for the majority of these deposit samples. The thermogravimetric analyzer gave the result that, for the deposit sample, the mass loss due to heating in the temperature range of 50ºC–200ºC was less than 5%. Gas chromatography results showed similar chemistry for the deposit samples both before and after the thermogravimetric analyzer analysis. Throughout the mill process, a large portion of wood extractives passed through the thermomechanical pulp mill and into the paper mill with the pulp streams. Two control programs, detackification versus fixation, were compared to evaluate their ability to decrease the extractives-related deposit formation on the supercalendering stack.

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Huang, Qianqian, Ru Huang, Yue Pan, Shenghu Tan, and Yangyuan Wang. "Resistive-Gate Field-Effect Transistor: A Novel Steep-Slope Device Based on a Metal—Insulator—Metal—Oxide Gate Stack." IEEE Electron Device Letters 35, no. 8 (August 2014): 877–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2014.2327219.

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Korovkina, M. Ye, A. L. Semenov, and V. I. Ershov. "COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH TO LSP-TRANSLATION." Philology at MGIMO 21, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-2-22-69-75.

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The article presents the model of professional translator competences related to three levels of the ‘second language personality’. The article describes the development of translator competences (communicative, extra-linguistic and specialized ones) on the basis of the well-formed competence in the basic branch of study (the student’s major). Taking stock of the earlier research that has studied the relation between thinking and speech, the authors look into the process of generating the utterance on the basis of a stable mental image that can be interpreted in other language codes. The language interpretation of a conventional familiar mental image requires communicative skills, background knowledge and practical experience. In this case the language interpretation is regarded as an analytical and synthetic process that interpolates similar mental images into the base of stereotyped utterances in a specific subject matter developed through speech experience. Practical translation skills can be built on the basis of well-developed communicative competence and enhanced specialized translator competence.The article highlights the need to introduce integrated programs that include several LSP areas, as they may facilitate the development of the specialized translator competences on the basis of the knowledge in the LSP area of the student’s major in the mother tongue and the communicative competence in the foreign language.

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Kobayashi, T., O. Muragishi, and K. Nihei. "Development of Fatigue Detecting Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1313.

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A fatigue detecting sensor that enables easy and precise estimation of fatigue damage of machines and structures was developed, based on the crack growth characteristics of metal. The sensor is composed of a metal foil with a single edge notch and a base metal foil. The two metal foils are bonded at the both far ends. The sensor is attached with an adhesive to the surface of structural member which is subjected to cyclic loads. The fatigue damage of the member is detected as the fatigue crack initiation from the notch tip of the sensor. The fatigue crack growth rate is independent of the crack length. The metal foil of the sensor is given pre-tension, so the sensor has stable crack growth characteristics independent of the average strain. The crack growth length is measured in a certain period after the installation. The length is converted to the fatigue damage of the member during the sampling period of sensor installation. Since no measuring instrument and signal wiring is necessary, the diagnosis procedure becomes easy and the cost for structural health monitoring could be reduced. With such small size of the sensor as conventional strain gages, the pin-pointed application of the sensor to the hot spot of structural stress concentration, where is important for the fatigue strength estimation of welded structures, is possible. Therefore, precise fatigue remaining life assessment could be carried out. Sensors with several strain ranges were developed, so application to vast strain range is possible. Even such a small strain range as 1/10000 is able to be detected. The sensors have been applied to various products like steel bridges, rolling stocks, ships, etc.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Base Metal Stock'

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