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Journal articles on the topic 'Base Optimum Thickness'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Khady, LOUM, DIOP Gora, DIATTA Ibrahima, et al. "Derivative of AC recombination velocity of minority carriers as applied to the determination of the optimum base thickness of an (n+/p/p+) silicon solar cell." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 10, no. 3 (2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10454674.

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<strong>Abstract </strong>This work is devoted to the determination of the optimum thickness of the base of the (n+/p/p+) silicon solar cell, front illuminated by the (n+) face by a monochromatic light in frequency modulation.  The method of the derivative of the expression of AC recombination velocity of minority carriers on the back side of the base is used for the first time, and allows to obtain results of the optimum base thickness as modulation frequency dependent. The base optimum thickness decreases with the frequency and makes it possible to envisage the realization of solar cell

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2

Sega DIAGNE, Gora DIOP, Richard MANE, et al. "Monochromatic ligth of short wavelength as applied to determine (N+/P/P+) Silicon solar cell base thickness under the influence of both magnetic field and temperature." International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 3, no. 2 (2022): 013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.3.2.0055.

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The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of the photogenerated minority carriers in the base of the silicon solar cell is studied under monochromatic illumination. The optimum thickness (Hopt) of the base of the solar cell is obtained, by the graphical method of representing the recombination velocity of the minority carriers on the back side. The optimum thickness (Hopt) decreases with both, the applied magnetic field and temperature, and justifies the material saving by established modeling expressions.

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3

Mousavi, S. Hamed, Mohammed A. Gabr, and Roy H. Borden. "Optimum location of geogrid reinforcement in unpaved road." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 7 (2017): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0562.

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This study evaluated the optimum location of a reinforcement layer to maximize the efficiency of the reinforcement inclusion in an unpaved road section. The analyses are used to investigate the optimum location of the reinforcement layer within the aggregate base course (ABC) layer, and provide a possible reason for the improvement in performance. A series of three-dimensional finite element method analyses was performed, and the strain and stress response of a reinforced unpaved road section with two different ABC thicknesses was evaluated. The analyses were conducted under cyclic loading wit

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4

Hou, Shou Wu, Ying Hou Jiao, and Zhao Bo Chen. "Optimum Layout of Partially Covered Sandwich Beam with Constrained Layer Damping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.588.

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In this paper, an optimization study of partially covered beam with a constrained viscoelastic layer is presented. An energy approach and Lagrange’s method are used to establish the governing equation of motion of a CLD covered beam, and the assumed modes method is employed in solving the equation to obtain the modal loss factors which are used as the objective of optimal layout. A genetic algorithm of big mutation is employed to search for the optimum of the patch’s location, the thicknesses of both the constraining layer (CL) and the viscoelastic layer (VL) and the shear modulus of the visco

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5

Zhang, Cai Li, Ning Li Li, Qing Yi Xiao, Chuang Du, and Ti Song. "Study on Shear Performance and Construction Technology of the Stress Absorbing Layer in Underground Road Composite Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1189.

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In this paper, a composite pavement stress absorbing layer is researched. Through the creation of the finite element analysis model of the composite pavement, the paper analyzed the shear stress and influencing factors such as a different level of force, the contact between the different layer, shear stress conditions, the surface layer modulus and thickness, base thickness, soil base resilient modulus. At last, the optimum thickness of the composite pavement structure layers is put forward.

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6

Song, Jian, Wen Yan Cui, and Yun Yun Fan. "The Influence Analysis of the Soil Base and the Base Stiffness of Highway Asphalt Pavement on Pavement Thickness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1406.

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Using pavement thickness layered system computational theories and methods that current design criteria proposed, according to the result of the calculating example, this paper analyzed the influence of different soil base and the base stiffness of highway asphalt pavement for base thickness, and pointed out that thickness of pavement base decreased with increase of the soil base and the base stiffness. Therefore, optimum selecting fillers in constructing road bed beside the upper part of the roadbed, strengthening the subgrade and compacting by layer, to improve the mechanical properties of s

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7

Abdoulaye, DIOP, MANE Richard, DIOP Gora, et al. "Bifacial Silicon (N+/P/P+) Silicon Solar Cell Base Thickness Optimization under Back Illumination of Long Wavelengh: Effect of Diffusion Coefficient Resonance in Teperature under Applied Magnetic Field." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 11 (2022): 152–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10529869.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This work aims to save silicon material, for the realization of the solar cell, by reducing the thickness of the base. For this, the (n<sup>+</sup>/p/p<sup>+</sup>) silicon solar cell at temperature (T) is placed in a variable magnetic field (B) and back illuminated by a monochromatic light of deep penetration into the base.The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of the photogenerated carriers at depth in the base is solved and allows to extract the expressions of the recombination velocity on the rear side. A graphic technique of the study of these exp

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8

Papa, Monzon Alassane Samaké, Touty Traore Papa, Yacine Ba Mamadou, Dione Babou, and Wade Mamadou. "Study of the Effect of the Magnetic Field on the Density of Minority Charge Carriers and on the Transient Voltage of a Vertical Junction Photocell Connected in Series Placed in Short Circuit and Under Polychromatic Illumination." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 11 (2022): 186–202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10529995.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This work aims to save silicon material, for the realization of the solar cell, by reducing the thickness of the base. For this, the (n<sup>+</sup>/p/p<sup>+</sup>) silicon solar cell at temperature (T) is placed in a variable magnetic field (B) and back illuminated by a monochromatic light of deep penetration into the base.The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of the photogenerated carriers at depth in the base is solved and allows to extract the expressions of the recombination velocity on the rear side. A graphic technique of the study of these exp

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9

H. Mohammed, Abbas, and Khattab S. Abdul-Razzaq. "Optimum Design of Steel Trapezoidal Box-Girders Using Finite Element Method." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (2018): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.26130.

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The target of basic plan is to choose part sizes with the ideal proportioning of the in general auxiliary geometry. Regular steel trapezoidal box-supports have been utilized generally in different designing fields. The target of this examination is to create three-dimensional limited component display for the size improvement of steel trapezoidal box-braces. The limited component programming bundle ANSYS was utilized to decide the ideal cross segment measurement for the steel trapezoidal-box support. Two target capacities were considered in this investigation which are: minimization of the str

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10

Ndiasse Dione, Gilbert, Hamet Yoro B.A, Gora Diop, et al. "BIFACIAL (N+/P/P+) SILICON SOLAR CELL BASE THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION, WHILE ILLUMINATED BY THE REAR FACE WITH MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT OF SHORTWAVELENGTHS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (2022): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15372.

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The monochromatic absorption coefficient of silicon, inducing the depth of penetration of light into the base of the solar cell, is used through back surface recombination velocity expressions, to determine the optimum thickness necessary for the production of a large photocurrent. The absorption-generation-diffusion and recombination (bulk and surface) phenomena are taken into account in determining the optimum thickness of an n+ -p-p+ bifacial solar cell, for it manufacture process optimization.

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11

Iliasse, Fagnane DIOUF, SOW Ousmane, DIOP Gora, et al. "Optimization of the base thickness of a silicon solar cell with multi-vertical junctions connected in series, through dynamic expressions of the recombination velocity on the back side." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 10 (2022): 10–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10528498.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> The minority carrier’s diffusion equation, is solved in the base of a vertical Multi- junction’s silicon solar cell connected in series (VMJS), under illumination in frequency modulation. The AC photocurrent is studied as a function of the recombination velocity at the junction, and allow us to establish the expressions of the AC recombination velocity of minority carriers on the back side. The profile of AC recombination velocity of minority carriers leads to the determination of the optimum thickness of the base, allowing the production of a maximum of e

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Üçtuğ, Fehmi Görkem, and Semra Ağralı. "SIMPLE NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION-BASED SELECTION OF INSULATION MATERIAL AND WINDOW TYPE IN TURKEY: EFFECT OF HEATING AND COOLING BASE TEMPERATURES." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (2017): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.79.

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The energy-savings of four hypothetical households in different climatic regions of Turkey were calculated via a nonlinear mixed integer optimization model. The ideal insulation material, its optimum thickness, and the ideal window type were determined. The standard degree days method was used with five different base temperatures for heating and five different base temperatures for cooling. The climatic conditions of the region, the properties of the insulation options, the unit price of fuel and electricity and the base temperature are used as model inputs, whereas the combination of selecte

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13

Diagne, Sega, Ousmane Sow, Gora Diop, et al. "OPTIMIZATION OF SILICON SOLAR CELL BASE THICKNESS, WHILE ILLUMINATED BY A LONG WAVELENGTHMONOCHROMATIC LIGTH: INFLUENCE OF BOTH LORENTZ LAW AND UMKLAPP PROCESS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 08 (2022): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15158.

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The optimum thickness of a silicon solar cell base is determined using phenomelogic parameters, which are the minority carriers diffusion coefficient and the recombination velocity at the back side, influenced by Lorentzs law and the Umklapp process.The results obtained are consistent with the generation of minority charge carriers deep in the base by a monochromatic light of long wavelength.

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14

Mukhangaliyeva, Aishabibi, Damira Dairabayeva, Asma Perveen, and Didier Talamona. "Optimization of Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Roughness of SLA Patterns and SLA-Based IC Components." Polymers 15, no. 20 (2023): 4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15204038.

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Rapid investment casting is a casting process in which the sacrificial patterns are fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques, making the creation of advanced designs possible. One of the popular 3D printing methods applied in rapid investment casting is stereolithography because of its high dimensional precision and surface quality. Printing parameters of the used additive manufacturing method can influence the surface quality and accuracy of the rapid investment cast geometries. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of stereolithography printing parameters on the dimensio

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15

Verichev, Konstantin, Carmen Díaz-López, Gerardo Loncomilla Huenupán, and Andrés García-Ruiz. "Evaluation of Optimum Thermal Insulation for Mass Walls in Severe Solar Climates of Northern Chile." Buildings 15, no. 14 (2025): 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142580.

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The Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) methodology is widely used to determine the optimal thickness of thermal insulation for walls and roofs. The results depend on several factors, such as the degree day calculations method, the ambient or sol–air temperature, base temperature variations, and the heat capacity of the thermal envelope elements. This study aims to analyze the impact of solar radiation on mass walls with different orientations in five cities in northern Chile, which have severe solar climates. The goal is to determine the optimal thickness of expanded polystyrene insulation usin

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16

Krikkis, Rizos N., and Panagiotis Razelos. "On The Optimization of Circular Radiating Fins With Fin to Fin and Fin to Base Radiant Interaction." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 1 (2004): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1565094.

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In the present study the optimum dimensions of circular rectangular and triangular profile fins with fin-to-fin and fin-to-base radiant interaction are determined. The basic assumptions are one-dimensional heat conduction and black surface radiation. The governing equations are formulated by means of dimensionless variables and solved numerically. The optimum fin dimensions, bore thickness and height, are presented in generalized dimensionless form and explicit correlations are provided for the dimensionless optimum parameters. The results are analyzed and reported in diagrams that give insigh

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17

Ousmane SOW, Sega GUEYE, Richard MANE, et al. "(n+/p/p+) Silicon solar cell base thickness optimization under modulated short wavelength illumination, at resonances in both frequency and temperature of minority carriers’ diffusion coefficient." International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 3, no. 2 (2022): 040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.3.2.0059.

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The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of photogenerated minority carriers in the (p) base of the (n+/p/p+) solar cell illuminated by monochromatic light in frequency modulation, is solved. The diffusion coefficient of the minority carriers in the base, placed under temperature and magnetic field variation, passes through a maximum, at the double resonance points, in temperature and at the frequency of the cyclotron. The photocurrent is reproduced as a function of the recombination velocity at the junction, for the maximum values of the diffusion coefficient. The expressions of

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18

Khady, LOUM, DIOP Nafy, DIATTA Ibrahima, et al. "Localization of the (p/p+) junction in the (p) base of an (n+-p-p+) silicon solar cell under front face (n+) monochromatic illumination." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 10, no. 5 (2023): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10457516.

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<strong>Abstract </strong>This work presents the determination of the optimum base thickness (n+/p/p+) silicon solar cell, illuminated by its front face (n +). By the exploitation of the curves of back surface recombination velocity expressions (Sb (H,α)), through the point (Hopt) of zero derivative. Two expressions F(H) and G(H, α), forming a transcendental equation, are deduced and, whose graphical representation leads to (Hopt), which indicates location of the (p/p+) junction. It is then modeled according to the absorption coefficient (α) which shows the possibility of ach

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19

Ghanizadeh, Ali Reza. "An Optimization Model for Design of Asphalt Pavements Based on IHAP Code Number 234." Advances in Civil Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5942342.

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Pavement construction is one of the most costly parts of transportation infrastructures. Incommensurate design and construction of pavements, in addition to the loss of the initial investment, would impose indirect costs to the road users and reduce road safety. This paper aims to propose an optimization model to determine the optimal configuration as well as the optimum thickness of different pavement layers based on the Iran Highway Asphalt Paving Code Number 234 (IHAP Code 234). After developing the optimization model, the optimum thickness of pavement layers for secondary rural roads, majo

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20

Vinayagar, K., P. Ganeshan, P. Nelson Raja, et al. "Optimization of Crashworthiness Parameters of Thin-Walled Conoidal Structures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 12, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4475605.

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This paper aims to identify the optimum level of factors or parameters that affect the energy absorption of conoidal structures by grey relational examination. To optimize crashworthiness parameters of conical structures, the L9 orthogonal array has been adopted to design the experiments. The tailor-made thin-walled conical structures were fabricated by three most important factors, such as base diameter, height, and thickness, as design variables, and they were subjected to axial compression in a quasi-static method. The important responses of crashworthiness indicators such as the mean crush

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21

Aurum Dwi Utami and Tubagus Akmal. "OPTIMIZATION OF BUTTERFLY PEA FLOWER (Clitoria ternatea L.) LOADED ALGINATE-XANTHAN GUM BASED PEEL-OFF GEL MASK USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY." JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (2025): 182–92. https://doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v10i1.2353.

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Butterfly pea flowers are proven to contain phenolics and flavonoids, which are natural antioxidants that can be utilized in skincare such as peel-off gel masks. This study aims to obtain the optimal formula of peel-off gel mask preparation with varying concentrations of Sodium Alginate (SA) as a gelling agent, Xanthan Gum (XG) as a viscosity modifier and Propyleneglycol (PG) as a plasticizer. Optimization of the base formula was carried out with Box-behnken Design using Design Expert v.13.0 software with test responses of pH value, viscosity, spreadability, drying time and thickness. The base

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22

Buono, Benedetto, Hyung Seok Lee, Martin Domeij, Carl Mikael Zetterling, and Mikael Östling. "Simulations of Open Emitter Breakdown Voltage in SiC BJTs with Non Implanted JTE." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.841.

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Ion implantation for selective doping of SiC is problematic due to damage generation during the process and low activation of dopants. In SiC bipolar junction transistor (BJT) the junction termination extension (JTE) can be formed without ion implantation using instead a controlled etching into the epitaxial base. This etched JTE is advantageous because it eliminates ion implantation induced damage and the need for high temperature annealing. However, the dose, which is controlled by the etched base thickness and doping concentration, plays a crucial role. In order to find the optimum paramete

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23

Mohmmed, Nazar Hasan. "The combined effect of conventional reinforced concrete beams that are encased with a thin layer of ferrocement on the impact resistance concrete." Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 1, no. 2 (2022): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.15.

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The present research deals with the effect for each number of layers to net the steel beams on the ferrocement layer considering the thickness of layer , strength of mix and distributed of steel. It found the strength of impact for combined beams greats than the base beams and number of layers effect clearly on the strength of impact, also the increase in thickness can increase resistance and there is an optimum of wire mish layer for ferrocement to increase the impact resistance.

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24

Das, Braja M., Kim H. Khing, and Eun C. Shin. "Stabilization of Weak Clay with Strong Sand and Geogrid at Sand-Clay Interface." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1611, no. 1 (1998): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1611-07.

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The load-bearing capacity of a weak clay subgrade can be increased by placing a strong granular base course of limited thickness on top of the clay layer. The load-bearing capacity can be increased further, or the thickness of the granular base course can be reduced, by separating both layers by a geogrid. Laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of a rigid strip loading on the surface of a granular soil underlain by a soft clay with a layer of geogrid at the interface of the two soils are presented. The optimum thickness of the granular soil layer and the critical width

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25

Jelušič, Primož. "Enhancing Sustainability of Building Foundations with Efficient Open-End Pile Optimization." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (2024): 6880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166880.

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Optimizing open-end piles is crucial for sustainability as it minimizes material consumption and reduces environmental impact. By improving construction efficiency, less steel is needed, reducing the carbon footprint associated with production and transportation. Improved pile performance also results in more durable structures that require less frequent replacement and maintenance, which in turn saves resources and energy. This paper presents a parametric study on optimal designs for open-ended piles in sand, presenting a novel approach to directly compute optimal pile designs using CPT resul

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Pape, DIOP, DIONE Babou, Touty TRAORE Pape, Monzon Alassane SAMAKE Papa, BA Fatima, and Lamine SAMB Mamadou. "Study of the Transient Voltage of the Silicon Solar Cell with Multi Vertical Junctions Connected in Parallel and Placed in Opened Circuit: Influence of Temperature and Magnetic Field on Transient Decay." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 9, no. 10 (2022): 8–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10646631.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> This work consists in studying the transient voltage of a silicon solar cell with vertical junctions connected in parallel under polychromatic illumination and under the influence of temperature and magnetic field, in open circuit transient operation. The experimental device of the transient decay who occurs between two operating points in steady state is presented. The effect of the potential difference between two operating points on the voltage amplitude is also studied. Indeed, the influence of the optimum temperature on the transient decay and on the amplitude of

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27

Aziz, A. "Optimum Dimensions of Extended Surfaces Operating in a Convective Environment." Applied Mechanics Reviews 45, no. 5 (1992): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119754.

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This article is devoted to the review of the literature on optimum dimensions of extended surfaces losing heat by pure convection to the surroundings. The review covers straight (longitudinal) fins, annular (radial) fins, and spines of different profile shapes. The optimum dimensions for each shape are given both in terms of the volume of the material as well as the heat dissipation. The effects of tip heat loss, variable heat transfer coefficient, internal heat generation, temperature dependent thermal conductivity, base convection, and primary surface thickness on the optimum dimensions are

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Emadi, M., H. Beheshti, and M. Heidari-Rarani. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Aluminum–Composite Tube Under Axial Crushing." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 04 (2020): 2050042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500428.

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Since lightweight and energy-absorbing materials have an effective role in occupant safety during accidents, the use of hybrid aluminum–composite tubes and their optimum designs are of great importance in the crashworthiness. In this study, finite element simulation and multi-objective optimization of a hybrid aluminum–composite tube are performed under axial crushing to investigate the effect of metal volume fraction (MVF) on the objective functions, the specific energy absorption and the peak force. Besides, the effects of annealing and tempering of ductile aluminum alloys (Al-6061) as the b

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., Rupam, Sanjay Marwaha, and Anupma Marwaha. "FEA Based Design of Outer Rotor BLDC Motor for Battery Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 4 (2022): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100459.

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Due to enormous advantages, BLDC motors have been identified for the design in various applications. With its good power density, this motor is being used by the automobile industry. The paper aims to design the motor for the battery electric vehicle. The major challenge of the BLDC motor is to reduce torque ripples which appear because of high cogging torque. Torque ripple results in acoustic noise and vibrations in the battery electric vehicle which badly affects the performance of the vehicle. The cogging torque and efficiency are characterized by a parametric technique with varying pole em

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Shahid, Mohd, and Munawwar Nawab Karimi. "Effect of base temperature and cooling degree day on optimum insulation thickness in building walls." International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijret.2022.10047069.

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Mohamed, Nouh Mohamed Moctar Ould, Ousmane Sow, Sega Gueye, et al. "Influence of Both Magnetic Field and Temperature on Silicon Solar Cell Base Optimum Thickness Determination." Journal of Modern Physics 10, no. 13 (2019): 1596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2019.1013105.

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Shahid, Mohd, and Munawar Nawab Karimi. "Effect of base temperature and cooling degree day on optimum insulation thickness in building walls." International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology 13, no. 4 (2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijret.2022.126462.

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Bayomy, Fouad M., Abdul-Karim M. Al-Shaikh, and Sahl N. Abduljauwad. "Effect of Geotextiles on Permanent Deformation in Salt-Encrusted Subgrade Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, no. 1 (1996): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400107.

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The effectiveness of using geotextiles on top of salt-encrusted soil, known as sabkha in the Arabian Gulf area, used as a subgrade layer was investigated. A specific characteristic of this soil is that when it is dry (at or below the optimum moisture content) it possesses a sufficient bearing capacity and is hard enough to resist permanent deformation. However, when saturated it loses its strength and causes very large pavement deformations. An experimental model was developed in the laboratory to test and evaluate the bearing capacity and resistance to permanent deformation of the soil–fabric

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Cheng, Tao, and Ke Qin Yan. "Mechanics Properties of the Lime-Steel Slag Stabilized Soil for Pavement Structures." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.931.

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Mechanics properties of lime-steel slag stabilized soil for pavement structures are investigated. Firstly, the chemical composition of the fine grain steel slag is analyzed by spectral analysis test. In view of the materials compositions, 5 kinds of mix proportion projects are defined. Compaction tests of all mix proportion projects are carried out in different water conditions to obtain the optimum moisture contents. Then the optimum mix proportion project is demarcated by the unconfined compressive strength test and the compression rebound modulus test. Finally, the pavement structures desig

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Jabbari, Masoud, and Cem C. Tutum. "Optimum Rotation Speed for the Friction Stir Welding of Pure Copper." ISRN Materials Science 2013 (August 6, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/978031.

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The friction stir welding (FSW) was conducted in the pure copper plates with the thickness of 4 mm in the constant traverse speed of 25 mm/min and five different rotation speeds. Analysis of metallographic images showed that the increasing of the rotation speed results in the increase of grain size in the nugget zone. Vickers hardness tests were conducted on the weld samples and the maximum hardness obtained in rotation speed of 900 rpm. Results of the tensile tests and their comparison with that of the base metal showed that the maximum strength and the minimum elongation are achieved again i

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Venkataramanan, Vijaikrishnan, Ramakrishnan Madhavaneswaran, and Siva Shanmugam. "Steady state analysis of regular hollow pyramidal radiating fin with triangular cross-section." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120617029v.

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A new configuration for space radiator is proposed introducing a fin of regular hollow pyramidal shape with triangular cross section, giving a higher improvement in heat loss per unit mass than that of other corresponding configurations previously proposed under same working conditions. The significance of the present configuration and its advantage over other regular hollow configurations are discussed and effect of various design parameters on heat transfer is analyzed in presence of radiation interaction with an isothermal base attached to it. Optimum parameters are identified for which imp

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Agbasi, Okechukwu Ebuka, Nadia Ahmed Aziz, Zaidoon Taha Abdulrazzaq, and Sunday Edet Etuk. "Integrated Geophysical Data and GIS Technique to Forecast the Potential Groundwater Locations in Part of South Eastern Nigeria." Iraqi Journal of Science 60, no. 5 (2019): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.5.11.

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The objective of this research is to select the most suitable drilling location of new groundwater exploration wells, with a decision-making tool from Geographic Information System (GIS). The optimum location will be evaluated base on the hydro-geoelectrical parameter derived from Vertical Electrical Sound (VES) including Longitudinal Conductance, the thickness of the aquifer, the apparent resistivity and Transmissivity. From the Geo-electrical method (VES) the finds shows that the aquifers in the study area have Apparent Resistivity ranging from 0.32 to 40.24 Î©m, Thickness between 0.21 m to

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Chen, Ming He, Y. H. Xue, Y. L. Rui, J. H. Zhou, and Min Wang. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of High Strain Rate Superplastic Forming (SPF) of Al-6Mg-0.2Sc Alloy." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.287.

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FEM analysis has proved to be a powerful investigative tool capable of encompassing all the aspects that characterise an SPF process. In this paper, with the aid of a commercial finite element software is used to simulate high strain rate superplastic bulging process of Al-6Mg-0.2Sc alloy sheet box part under different technological parameters such as with and without lubrication. Base on obtaining optimum the loading curve, the strain rate distributions and thickness distribution in forming process by FE simulation, the relative validation experiments be carried out. It was found that the thi

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Cheng, Tao, and Ke Qin Yan. "Mechanics Properties of the Lime-Fly Ash Stabilized Soil for Pavement Structures." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1445.

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Mechanics properties of lime- fly ash stabilized soil are investigated. First, the chemical composition of fly ash are analyzed by spectral analysis test. Compaction experiments of all mix proportion projects are carried out in different water conditions to obtain the optimum water contents. Then the optimum mix proportion is obtained by the unconfined compressive strength and the compression rebound modulus test. Finally, the pavement structures design for a highway of lime- fly ash stabilized soil road sub-base is done. By the comparison, a conclusion can be drawn that lime-fly ash stabilize

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Zhao, Hong, Xiaozhi Hu, Mark B. Bush, and Brian R. Lawn. "Contact damage in porcelain/Pd-alloy bilayers." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 3 (2000): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0100.

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An analysis is made of contact damage in brittle coatings on metal substrates, using a case study of a dental porcelain coating of thickness between 0.1 and 1 mm fused onto a Pd alloy base, with spherical indenter of radii 2.38 and 3.98 mm. At large coating thicknesses (>300 μm), the first damage takes the form of surface-initiated transverse cone cracks outside the contact. At small coating thicknesses (<300 μm), the first damage occurs as yield in the substrate, with attendant formation of subsurface transverse median cracks in the coating. At high loads and thin coatings, both forms o

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Yang, Li Fang, Yan Ping Fu, and Wen Li Chen. "Analysis and Control of Noise of Cavitation Generator by SEA Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1896.

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Structural noise radiation prediction is the base of structure acoustic design. In order to predict structural noise radiation level of cavitation generator, Statistical energy analysis (SEA) model of cavitation generator is simplified and established. Through a series of physical and environmental parameters setting and structure modification, the sound simulation analysis of cavitation generator is conducted by AutoSEA in order to find the optimum sound structure. The results show that, appropriate increasing in shell thickness, restructuring the cavitation generator and damp applying can ef

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Krikkis, Rizos N., and Panagiotis Razelos. "Optimum Design of Spacecraft Radiators With Longitudinal Rectangular and Triangular Fins." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 5 (2002): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1497359.

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In the present study the optimum dimensions of longitudinal rectangular and triangular radiating fins with mutual irradiation are determined. The basic assumptions are one-dimensional heat conduction and gray diffuse surface radiation. The governing equations are formulated by means of dimensionless variables and solved numerically in order to carry out the required minimization procedure. The optimum fin dimensions, thickness and height, are presented in generalized dimensionless form and correlations are provided in order to assist the spacecraft thermal systems designer. The results are ana

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Hamdan, Nurul Aina Nabihah, Noorsyam Yusof, and Mohd Zaki Mohd Yusoff. "Ray Tracer Simulation of Si-Based Solar Cells using Al2O3/ITO as Double Layers Anti Reflective Coating." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 10 (2023): 5881. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.5881.

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The solar cell has become one of the options for a greener world. Various studies have been done to achieve a solar cell with high efficiency and reasonable price. This study’s objective is to investigate how the thickness and base angle of the front layer affect the optical and electrical characteristics of Si-Based Solar cells. To accomplish this study, heterojunction solar cells using Al2O3/ITO as the double layer anti-reflection coating are analyzed using the Wafer Ray Tracer simulation by the PV Lighthouse. Al2O3 and ITO layers are used as a double anti-reflection coating (DLARC) in the l

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Unni, Rajshekhar V., and Vijay S. Majali. "A Review On Rectangular Heat Sinks Under Natural Convection." Restaurant Business 118, no. 7 (2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i7.7245.

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In the paper review of studies of heat sinks under natural convection is taken up. The discussions are mainly on experimental works carried out on rectangular fin arrays, optimization of heat sink dimensions and heat transfer enhancement. The geometries of heat sinks, fin spacing, fin height, fin length, fin thickness and fin material and base to ambient temperature difference are the important parameters on which heat transfer rate depends. So the design and optimization of the heat sink geometries becomes essential. It was found that the optimum fin spacing is ranging from 6.1- 11.9mm which

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Kaneta, M., T. Ogata, Y. Takubo, and M. Naka. "Effects of a thickener structure on grease elastohydrodynamic lubrication films." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 214, no. 4 (2000): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650001543214.

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The effects of the thickener structure and base oil viscosity on the grease film formation in rolling point elastohydrodynamic contacts have been discussed on the basis of direct observation using the optical interferometry technique. Three different types of diurea greases without additives have been used as test greases. As the base oils three kinds of ether-type synthetic oils having similar molecular structures but different viscosities were used. The film behaviour of fresh greases has also been compared with that of the degraded greases. It has been found that the behaviour of grease ela

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Diop, Masse Samba, Hamet Yoro Ba, Ndeye Thiam, et al. "Surface Recombination Concept as Applied to Determinate Silicon Solar Cell Base Optimum Thickness with Doping Level Effect." World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 09, no. 04 (2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjcmp.2019.94008.

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Jelušič, Primož, Süleyman Gücek, Bojan Žlender, et al. "Potential of Using Waste Materials in Flexible Pavement Structures Identified by Optimization Design Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (2023): 13141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713141.

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This paper presents the design of geosynthetic reinforced flexible pavements and their modification by incorporating waste materials into bonded and unbonded layers of the pavement structure. The optimal design of flexible pavements was achieved by minimizing the construction cost of the pavement. The incorporation of waste materials into the pavement structure affects the material properties. Therefore, along with the traffic load, the effects of the material properties of the asphalt concrete, base layer, sub-base layer, and subgrade were analyzed in terms of pavement structure costs and CO2

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Mohd Said, Suhana, Shahriar Mufid Rahman, Bui Duc Long, Subramanian Balamurugan, Norhayati Soin, and M. Asiqur Rahman. "The effect of nitric acid (HNO3) treatment on the electrical conductivity and stability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 2 (2017): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0535.

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Abstract In this work, the posttreatment of an organic polymer is performed using an inorganic acid, nitric acid (HNO3). We picked poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the base material and improved its electrical conductivity by acid treatment with different concentrations of HNO3. The acid treatment was able to achieve the optimum electrical conductivity of 197 S/cm, which is 115.5 times higher than the base material when treated with an aqueous solution containing 65% of HNO3. Moreover, the films showed higher transparency in the visible range while conduct

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Yi, Guo Feng, Yu Qi Liu, and Ting Du. "Optimum of Drawbead Design and Restraining Forces by Sensitivity Analysis Method Combined with Inverse Approach in Sheet Metal Forming Process." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.369.

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A improved algorithm to optimize the restraining force of equivalent drawbead was proposed base on BGFS(Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) algorithm combined with a simplified finite element method called inverse approach(IA). The forming limit curve (FLC) and the wrinkle limit curve (WLC) were considered as the objective function to reflect the influence of Fracture and wrinkle defect in sheet metal forming process. The optimized result was more accurate than those procedures only consider the variation of thickness distribution. The optimized process was also very efficient due to the simplif

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Korobsky, V., S. Sobol, and S. Lapshin. "Coating thickness of the restored contact of electrical equipment and the method of its determination." Energy and automation, no. 6(52) (November 25, 2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2020.06.028.

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The regularities of the formation of the main variants of coatings obtained by gas-plasma spraying with subsequent liquid-phase sintering, depending on the conditions of wetting the powder particles with the melt and the porosity of the sprayed layer, have been established. The analysis of methods for controlling the thickness of thermal gas coatings, which indicates the advantages and disadvantages of three methods of measuring the thickness: magnetic, electromagnetic (eddy currents) and metallographic. The research of the dependence of the thermal power of the plasma jet (directly affects th

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