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Journal articles on the topic 'Baseball – Records – United States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Justin W. R. Turner. "1970s Baseball Diplomacy between Cuba and the United States." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 19, no. 1 (2010): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2010.0018.

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2

Maddox, Callie Batts. "Not America’s Game: The Globalization and Post-Westernization of Women’s Baseball." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519884850.

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This article explores the globalization of women’s baseball from both historical and contemporary perspectives. The women’s game is largely absent from literature about the global diffusion of baseball, but its growing presence in numerous cultural contexts demands attention. Drawing on ideas from Rumford and Cho, I contend that contemporary women’s baseball is best read as an example of post-Westernization, which sets it apart from the men’s game still largely defined by the singular entity of Major League Baseball. The power base of women’s baseball has shifted from the United States to East Asia, as developments such as youth infrastructure, a professional league, and annual tournaments have created a surge of interest in women’s baseball in the region. Moreover, East Asia’s commitment to women’s baseball as a sport distinct from softball reinforces the shift of organizational power and cultural influence away from the United States.

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3

Pytiak, Andrew V., Matthew J. Kraeutler, Dustin W. Currie, Eric C. McCarty, and R. Dawn Comstock. "An Epidemiological Comparison of Elbow Injuries Among United States High School Baseball and Softball Players, 2005-2006 Through 2014-2015." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117736493.

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Background: Pitching is a common mechanism of injury in baseball, with known risk factors for elbow injuries among adolescent pitchers. Hypothesis: Elbow injury rates and mechanisms will differ between high school baseball and softball players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Baseball- and softball-related injury data from the 2005-2006 through 2014-2015 academic years were collected from the High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) Internet-based data collection tool. Athlete-exposure (AE) and injury data were collected by certified athletic trainers. Rate ratios (RRs) were calculated comparing injury rates in the 2 populations. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) comparing elbow injuries in pitchers and nonpitchers were calculated as the proportion of all elbow injuries in pitchers divided by the proportion of all elbow injuries in nonpitchers. Results: A total of 214 elbow injuries in male baseball players occurred over 2,327,774 AEs, for an overall elbow injury rate of 0.92 per 10,000 AEs. A total of 75 elbow injuries were reported in female softball players over 1,731,644 AEs, for an overall rate of 0.43 per 10,000 AEs. The rate of elbow injury was significantly higher for baseball than softball (RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.64-2.77). A significantly greater proportion of elbow injuries in baseball were pitching-related compared with those from softball, with 50.2% occurring while pitching in baseball versus 11.0% in softball (IPR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.35-8.93). If all injuries occurring during pitching were removed from both sports, the difference in elbow injury rate for baseball and softball would no longer be significant (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.88-1.62). Conclusion: The rate of elbow injuries is significantly higher in baseball than softball. This is attributable to differences in rates of pitching-related injuries between these 2 groups. Clinical Relevance: These results demonstrate that overhand pitching increases risk of elbow injury in high school athletes.

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4

Lacava, Dominic. "The United States National Archives and Records Administration." Journal of Archival Organization 1, no. 4 (September 2002): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j201v01n04_09.

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5

Bradsher, James Gregory. "Records management handbook for United States Senate committees." Government Publications Review 16, no. 2 (March 1989): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(89)90031-9.

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6

Miller, Lisa Karen. "Territorial Papers of the United States, 1764‐1953." Charleston Advisor 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.4.54.

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Need to track the progress of a tribal treaty? Examine correspondence between territorial officials and Washington? Research accounts of battles and troop movements? Review records of agricultural and industrial production? Examine shipping records? Explore firsthand accounts of frontier life via letters and financial documents? Trace family histories using passenger lists? View petitions for statehood? All this and more can be done using Territorial Papers of the United States, 1764-1953. Documents come from National Archives and Records Administration and the official records of the Departments of State and the Interior. This is an excellent source for primary documents regarding this period of history, though it should be noted these documents largely come from a white, male, governmental, non-native perspective, as might be expected for the time period. Strong in advanced search options, it could use some improvement in the finer points (see under Searching and Critical Evaluation).

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7

Hoyert, Donna L., and Ann R. Lima. "Querying of Death Certificates in the United States." Public Health Reports 120, no. 3 (May 2005): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000312.

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Objective. Data from death certificates are often used in research; however, little has been published on the processing of vague or incomplete information reported on certificates. The goal of this study was to examine the querying efforts in the United States used to clarify such records. Methods. The authors obtained data on the querying efforts of the 50 states, New York City, and the District of Columbia. Descriptive statistics are presented for two units of analysis: registration area and death record. Using data from a single registration area, Washington State, the authors compared the percent change in age-adjusted death rates for data from before and after querying to analyze the effect of querying on selected causes of death. Results. Fifty-one of the 52 registration areas queried either demographic or cause-of-death information. Almost 90% of queries were returned; the underlying cause of death changed in approximately 68% of these records. This data translates into about 3% of total U.S. death records, given that 4% of total U.S. death records were queried about cause of death. The impact of queries on age-adjusted death rates varied by cause of death. Generally, the effect is most obvious for cause-of-death categories that are specific and relatively homogenous. Conclusion. Querying continues to be widely practiced. In the case of cause-of-death queries, this method refines the assigned underlying cause of death for records reported with vague or incomplete information.

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8

Holtfreter, Robert E., and Adrian Harrington. "Data breach trends in the United States." Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2013-0055.

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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the trends of various types of data breaches and their compromised records in the USA using a new model recently developed by the authors. Design/methodology/approach – The 2,280 data breaches and over 512 million related compromised records tracked by the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse from 2005 through 2010 were analyzed and classified into four external, five internal and one non-traceable data breach categories, after which trends were determined for each. Findings – The findings indicate that although the trends for the annual number of data breaches and each of the internal and external categories and their related compromised records have increased over the six-year period, the changes have not been consistent from year to year. Practical implications – By classifying data breaches into internal and external categories with the use of this new data breach model provides an excellent methodological framework for organizations to use to develop more workable strategies for safeguarding personal information of consumers, clients, employees and other entities. Originality/value – The topic of data breaches remains salient to profit and nonprofit organizations, researchers, legislators, as well as criminal justice practitioners and consumer advocate groups.

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9

Bullock, Garrett S., Taylor Chapman, Thomas Joyce, Robert Prengle, Taylor Stern, and Robert J. Butler. "Examining Differences in Movement Competency in Professional Baseball Players Born in the United States and Dominican Republic." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0251.

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Context: Dominican Republic (DR) players have different training norms, which can affect their resiliency and performance. The variance among DR players’ training regimens may be influenced by the degree of training incorporating fundamental movement patterns. Objective: To examine differences in fundamental movement patterns in United States (US)–born versus DR-born professional baseball players. Design: Cross-sectional cohort. Setting: Professional baseball athletic training room. Participants: One hundred forty-two players (76 DR-born and 66 US-born) who were recently selected by a Major League Baseball team. Intervention: Subjects completed the Functional Movement Screen using the standardized 7 movement tests and the 3 isolated clearing tests. Main Outcome Measures: The primary variables studied were composite score, left and right asymmetry, and individual movement standard scores. Two-way chi-squared analysis was utilized for the statistical analysis with statistical significance being identified at P < .05. Results: DR players had a larger number of 1s (7.8% vs 3.0%) and 3s (10.5% vs 1.5%) on the right-sided hurdle step and a greater percentage of 3s (82.8% vs 60.6%) on right-sided shoulder mobility. US players had a larger percentage of 3s (33.3% vs 13.4%) and a lower percentage of 1s (2.2% vs 15.1%) on the active straight leg raise and a greater percentage of passable scores (≥2; 99.5% vs 65.8%) on the trunk stability push-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that fundamental movement competency differs between US- and DR-born professional baseball players. Based on these movement competency differences, a player’s country of origin may be taken into account to create an effective training program.

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10

Murray, Meghan T., Margaret A. Riggs, David M. Engelthaler, Caroline Johnson, Sharon Watkins, Allison Longenberger, David M. Brett-Major, et al. "Mitigating a COVID-19 Outbreak Among Major League Baseball Players — United States, 2020." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69, no. 42 (October 23, 2020): 1542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a4.

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11

Franz, Justin O., Patrick C. McCulloch, Chris J. Kneip, Philip C. Noble, and David M. Lintner. "The Utility of the KJOC Score in Professional Baseball in the United States." American Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 9 (July 12, 2013): 2167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546513495177.

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12

Collins, C. L., and R. D. Comstock. "Epidemiological Features of High School Baseball Injuries in the United States, 2005-2007." PEDIATRICS 121, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2572.

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13

Rizzo, Paul C., N. R. Vaidya, E. Bazan, and C. F. Heberling. "Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Southeastern United States." Earthquake Spectra 11, no. 1 (February 1995): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585806.

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Comparisons of response spectra from near and far-field records to those estimated by attenuation functions commonly used in evaluating seismic hazards show that these functions provide reasonable results for near-field western North American sites. However, they estimate relatively small motions for far-field eastern North American sites, which is contrary to the empirical evidence of the 1886 Charleston and 1988 Saguenay Earthquakes. Using the 1988 Saguenay records scaled for magnitude, and several western North American records scaled to account for the slower attenuation in the east, we have developed deterministic median and 84th percentile, 5 percent damped response spectra to represent ground motions from a recurrence of the 1886 Charleston Earthquake at a distance between 85 to 120 km. The resulting 84th percentile spectrum has a shape similar to, but is less severe than, the USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.60 5 percent damped spectrum tied to a peak ground acceleration of 0.2g.

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14

Denham, Bryan E. "Sports Participation and Attitudes Toward Race and Ethnicity: A Study of Twelfth-Grade Students in the United States." Sociology of Sport Journal 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2019-0008.

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Drawing on contact, social identity, and self-categorization theories, this study examines the extent to which adolescent sports participation associates with (a) concern about the treatment of minority groups and (b) worry about race relations in the United States. Based on data gathered in the 2016 Monitoring the Future study of twelfth-grade students, the study finds that females, Hispanic study participants, respondents in the West region, and sports participants expressed greater concern about minority treatment. On the second dependent variable, females, Black study participants, and respondents in the West region indicated greater worry about race relations. The study also examined whether attitudes appeared to vary across baseball/softball, basketball, and soccer participation. Baseball/softball participants, who were predominantly White, expressed less concern about minority groups but did not differ from others on attitudes toward race relations. Additionally, while Black adolescents competing in baseball/softball and soccer worried about race relations at relatively high levels, those competing in basketball expressed significantly less concern. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.

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Engledew, Devin J. "Soccer Math." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 20, no. 8 (April 2015): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.20.8.0512.

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16

Weinberg, Gerhard L. "German Documents in the United States." Central European History 41, no. 4 (November 14, 2008): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000848.

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At the end of World War II, vast quantities of German documents had fallen into the hands of the Allies either during hostilities or in the immediately following weeks. Something will be said near the end of this report about the archives captured or seized by the Soviet Union; the emphasis here will be on those that came into the possession of the Western Allies. The United States and Great Britain made agreements for joint control and exploitation, of which the most important was the Bissell-Sinclair agreement named for the intelligence chiefs who signed it. The German naval, foreign office, and chancellery archives were to be physically located in England, while the military, Nazi Party, and related files were to come to the United States. Each of the two countries was to be represented at the site of the other's holdings, have access to the files, and play a role in decisions about their fate. The bulk of those German records that came to the United States were deposited in a section of a World War I torpedo factory in Alexandria, Virginia, which had been made into the temporary holding center for the World War II records of the American army and American theater commands. In accordance with the admonition to turn swords into plowshares, the building is now an artists' boutique.

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17

Darrow, Cory J., Christy L. Collins, Ellen E. Yard, and R. Dawn Comstock. "Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 9 (June 16, 2009): 1798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509333015.

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Background Over 7 million students participate in high school athletics annually. Despite numerous health benefits, high school athletes are at risk for injury. Hypothesis Severe injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Sports-related injury data were collected during the 2005-2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative United States high schools via RIO (Reporting Information Online). Severe injury was defined as any injury that resulted in the loss of more than 21 days of sports participation. Results Participating certified athletic trainers (ATCs) reported 1378 severe injuries during 3 550 141 athlete-exposures (0.39 severe injuries per 1000 athletic exposures). Football had the highest severe injury rate (0.69), followed by wrestling (0.52), girls’ basketball (0.34), and girls’ soccer (0.33). The rate in all boys’ sports (0.45) was higher than all girls’ sports (0.26) (rate ratio [RR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.98; P < .001). However, among directly comparable sports (soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball), girls sustained a higher severe injury rate (0.29) than boys (0.23) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52; P = .006). More specifically, girls’ basketball had a higher rate (0.34) than boys’ basketball (0.24) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; P = .009). Differences between boys’ and girls’ soccer and baseball/softball were not statistically significant. The severe injury rate was greater in competition (0.79) than practice (0.24) (RR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.97-3.67; P < .001). Nationally, high school athletes sustained an estimated 446 715 severe injuries from 2005-2007. The most commonly injured body sites were the knee (29.0%), ankle (12.3%), and shoulder (10.9%). The most common diagnoses were fractures (36.0%), complete ligament sprains (15.3%), and incomplete ligament sprains (14.3%). Of severe sports injuries, 0.3% resulted in medical disqualification for the athletes’ career, and an additional 56.8% resulted in medical disqualification for the entire season. One in 4 (28.3%) severe injuries required surgery, with over half (53.9%) being knee surgeries. Conclusion Severe injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender, and type of exposure. Because severe injuries negatively affect athletes’ health and often place an increased burden on the health care system, future research should focus on developing interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of sports-related injuries.

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Hesler, Louis S., and Mathew L. Brust. "New Records of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from the Central United States." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 92, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.488.

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19

Baker, Richard Allan. "Research Opportunities in the Records of the United States Senate." Western Historical Quarterly 24, no. 4 (November 1993): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970705.

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20

Blesse, Robert E. "Records Management Handbook for United States senators and their repositories." Government Publications Review 13, no. 1 (January 1986): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(86)90039-7.

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21

Henager, P. Eric. "Turns at Bat: Baseball and the United States in Dominican Literature and Print Culture." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 25, no. 1-2 (2016): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2016.0006.

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22

James, Jeffrey D., Junya Fujimoto, Stephen D. Ross, and Hirotaka Matsuoka. "Motives of United States and Japanese professional baseball consumers and level of team identification." International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing 6, no. 4 (2009): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsmm.2009.029299.

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23

Rockerbie, Duane W. "Revenue Sharing and Collusive Behavior in the Major League Baseball Posting System." Economies 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030071.

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This paper uses auction theory to explain the unique design of the 1998–2013 posting system agreed to between Major League Baseball and the Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball League that allowed for the transfer of baseball players from Japan to the United States. It has some similarities and many differences from the transfer system used to obtain players in European football. The unique features of the posting system were a compromise between Major League Baseball clubs and Nippon Professional Baseball clubs with the understanding that the former was a collusive group of club owners. Revenue sharing is a method to enforce a system of side payments to collusive bidders. It is then profit-maximizing to have the bidder with the highest net surplus from the player win the auction. Changes to the revenue sharing system used in Major League Baseball reduced the ability of club owners to bid for Japanese players, hence changes to the bidding rules of the posting system coincided at the same time.

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Saper, Michael G., Lauren A. Pierpoint, Wei Liu, R. Dawn Comstock, John D. Polousky, and James R. Andrews. "Epidemiology of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries Among United States High School Baseball Players: School Years 2005-2006 Through 2014-2015." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517734172.

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Background: Shoulder and elbow injuries are common in young athletes, especially high school baseball players. Understanding the risk factors associated with baseball injuries is an essential first step in the development of injury prevention strategies. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries among high school baseball players in the United States. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Baseball-related injury data were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study using High School RIO (Reporting Information Online), an Internet-based sports injury surveillance system. Athletic trainers from high schools across the country uploaded data regarding athlete-exposures (AEs) (defined as practice or game participation) and shoulder and elbow injuries from the school years 2005-2006 through 2014-2015. Results: A total of 241 shoulder injuries and 150 elbow injuries occurred during 1,734,198 AEs during the study period, for an overall shoulder injury rate of 1.39 per 10,000 AEs and an overall elbow injury rate of 0.86 per 10,000 AEs. The overall rates of injury were higher in competitions compared with practices for shoulders (rate ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.85) and elbows (rate ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.56-2.96). The majority of shoulder (39.6%) and elbow (56.9%) injuries were sustained by pitchers, and most injuries were chronic and caused by overuse. Position players were more likely to sustain injuries by contact with the playing surface or apparatus. For pitchers, muscle strains were the most common shoulder injuries (38.7%), while ligament sprains were the most common elbow injuries (42.7%). The majority of pitchers with shoulder (70.8%) and elbow (64.6%) injuries returned to play within 21 days. Among pitchers, a higher proportion of elbow injuries (11.4%) resulted in medical disqualification compared with shoulder injuries (5.6%). Among pitchers, the majority of shoulder (89.2%) and elbow (96.4%) injuries were managed nonsurgically. Conclusion: Shoulder and elbow injury rates and patterns in high school baseball players differed between field positions (pitchers vs position players) and by type of exposure (practice vs competition). This study suggests several areas of emphasis for targeted injury prevention interventions, most notably limiting fatigue and preventing overuse injuries.

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Weiss, Stephen M., Robert M. Demski, and George J. Backen. "Fantasy baseball: A new way to gamble or just another game?" Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 26 (December 1, 2011): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.26.9.

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The controversy over whether fantasy sports should be considered a new form of gambling was investigated. The predominance rule was used to operationally define gambling. This rule states that an activity is gambling if outcomes are due more to chance than to skill. Individuals active in a fantasy baseball league (commonly referred to as "owners") and individuals who had never entered any type of fantasy league ("non-owners") participated. Perceptions of skill-to-chance ratios were assessed and a content analysis of the specific skill and chance features involved in fantasy baseball was conducted. The results showed that fantasy baseball owners and non-owners judged outcomes to be more the result of skill. In an attempt to determine whether these results were supported by actual outcomes, a second study analyzed the records of a fantasy baseball league over an extended period. The findings of this additional study also suggest that skill may predominant over chance.

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Gladstone, Nicholas S., Trystan A. Bordeau, Christy Leppanen, and Michael L. McKinney. "Spatiotemporal patterns of non-native terrestrial gastropods in the contiguous United States." NeoBiota 57 (June 17, 2020): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.52195.

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The contiguous United States (CONUS) harbor a significant non-native species diversity. However, spatiotemporal trends of some groups such as terrestrial gastropods (i.e., land snails and slugs) have not been comprehensively considered, and therefore management has been hindered. Here, our aims were to 1.) compile a dataset of all non-native terrestrial gastropod species with CONUS occurrence records, 2.) assess overarching spatiotemporal patterns associated with these records, 3.) describe the continental origin of each species, and 4.) compare climatic associations of each species in their indigenous and introduced CONUS ranges. We compiled a georeferenced dataset of 10,097 records for 22 families, 48 genera, and 69 species, with > 70% of records sourced from the citizen science database iNaturalist. The species Cornu aspersum Müller, 1774 was most prevalent with 3,672 records. The majority (> 92%) of records exhibit an indigenous Western European and Mediterranean distribution, with overlap in broad-scale climatic associations between indigenous and CONUS ranges. Records are most dense in urban metropolitan areas, with the highest proportion of records and species richness in the state of California. We show increased prevalence of non-native species through time, largely associated with urbanized areas with high human population density. Moreover, we show strong evidence for a role for analogous climates in dictating geographic fate and pervasiveness between indigenous and CONUS ranges for non-native species.

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Price, Daniel M. "United States v. Stuart." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203382.

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In response to a request by Canadian tax authorities under the United States-Canada Double Taxation Convention (Convention), the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued summonses to obtain U.S. bank records concerning certain accounts of respondents, Canadian citizens whose Canadian tax liability was under investigation. Respondents sought to quash the summonses, arguing that because under 26 U.S.C. §7609(b) the IRS is prohibited by U.S. law from using its summons authority to obtain information about a U.S. taxpayer once a case is referred to the Justice Department for prosecution, and because the tax investigation of respondents was part of a Canadian criminal investigation, the IRS should be precluded from using its summons authority to honor the Canadian request under the Convention. Unsuccessful in the district court, respondents prevailed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which held that under the “good faith” standard applicable to enforcement of domestic summonses, the IRS may issue a summons pursuant to a Convention request only if it first determines and makes an affirmative statement to the effect that the Canadian investigation has not reached a stage analogous to a Justice Department referral by the IRS. The U.S. Supreme Court (per Brennan, J.) reversed, and held: (1) that if the summons is issued in good faith, it is enforceable regardless of whether the Canadian request is directed toward criminal prosecution under Canadian law; and (2) neither United States law nor anything in the text or the ratification history of the Convention supports the imposition of additional requirements. Justice Kennedy (joined by O’Connor, J.), concurring in part and in the judgment, filed a brief opinion to state his view that it is unnecessary to decide whether Senate preratification materials are authoritative sources for treaty interpretation. Justice Scalia, concurring in the judgment, wrote separately to oppose the use of such materials in treaty construction.

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Battin, Patricia. "Cooperative Preservation in the United States." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 1, no. 2 (August 1989): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574908900100202.

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A nationwide cooperative preservation programme has been launched in the United States with federal funding support with the aim of ensuring the responsible stewardship of published and documentary knowledge in all formats. The initial priority of this ambitious effort is a cooperative microfilming programme to capture the contents of three million brittle books in 20 years. This cooperative enterprise, requiring the coordination of selection and filming activities among many research institutions, will be financed by the coordination of funds from a variety of sources. An infrastructure of standards for format, bibliographic records, and appropriate quality controls to permit convenient access has been developed during the past 10 years. The programme includes an active effort to develop mechanisms to facilitate international cooperation in filming, sharing of bibliographic data, and exchange of master negatives.

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29

Johnson, Arthur T. "Regulating the National Pastime: Baseball and Antitrust. By Jerold J. Duquette. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999. 154p. $59.95." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (March 2001): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401342016.

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Major league baseball, unlike other professional sports in the United States, has been exempt from antitrust laws for nearly a century. The reason lies with early state and federal court decisions, of which the most frequently cited is the Supreme Court's Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League opinion, authored by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1922. Baseball's legal status has been the subject of numerous law review articles and commentaries, historical narratives, and scholarly analyses. Nevertheless, Jerold Duquette claims that there has been no integrated and comprehensive examination of "baseball's unregulated monopoly."

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30

Giddings, Lisa A., and Michael Haupert. "Earning Like a Woman: Salaries versus Marginal Revenue Products in the AAGBPL and MLB: 1947-1952." Journal of Sports Economics 20, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002518758145.

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This article exploits heretofore unexplored data from the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League that existed in the United States from 1943 to 1954 to measure and compare the economic loss to male and female professional baseball players. While female ballplayers earned a fraction of male salaries, they captured nearly twice as much of the revenues that they generated, indicating a smaller degree of exploitation. We hypothesize that in addition to the difference in structures of the two leagues, reservation wages explain the large difference in exploitation rates between the male and female players.

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Bullock, Garrett, Taylor Chapman, Thomas Joyce, Robert Prengle, and Robert Butler. "Differences In Movement Competency In Professional Baseball Players From The United States And Dominican Republic." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487279.68230.f8.

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32

Bulgarella, Wes. "Baseball's Best Bet: A Call for the Legalization of Baseball Gambling in the United States." Gaming Law Review and Economics 20, no. 10 (December 2016): 838–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/glre.2016.20106.

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Han, Joon Young. "A Case Study on Korean Baseball Student-athlete`s Study abroad in the United States." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 42 (November 30, 2010): 1513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2010.11.42.1513.

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34

Zimbalist, Andrew. "Baseball and society in the Caribbean." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 68, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002661.

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[First paragraph]The Tropic of Baseball: Baseball in the Dominican Republic. Rob Ruck. Westport CT: Meckler, 1991. x + 205 pp. (Cloth n.p.)Trading with the Enemy: A Yankee Travels Through Castro's Cuba. TomMiller. New York: Atheneum, 1992. x + 338 pp. (Cloth US$ 24.00)Read Bart Giamatti's Take Time for Paradise (1989) or any of the other grand old game sentimentalists and you'11 discover that baseball somehow perfectly reflects the temperament of U.S. culture. This match, in turn, accounts for basebali's enduring and penetrating popularity in the United States. Read Ruck and Miller and you'11 learn that baseball is more popular and culturally dominant in the Dominican Republic and Cuba than it is to the north. The suppressed syllogism affirms that U.S. and Caribbean cultures hold intimate similarities. If that is true, this Caribbeanist has been out to lunch; then again, no one ever accused economists of having acute cultural sensibilities.

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35

Newsham, D., D. W. Bates, and E. M. Borycki. "eHealth in North America." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 22, no. 01 (August 2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638839.

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Summary Objective: The overall objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of electronic health record (EHR) adoption and implementation in Canada and the United States. Methods: A review and synthesis of the empirical and grey literature about adoption of electronic health records in Canada and the United States was undertaken. Results: Both Canada and the United States have experienced increases in their adoption rates. More specifically, 2012 adoption statistics reveal that the electronic medical record adoption rate in the United States is 69% and in Canada it is 57%. Significant investment by both governments has increased adoption of electronic records across North America. Conclusions: In the United States and Canada there has been a significant rise in the adoption of electronic records by health professionals with the aid of national government incentive programs.

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Law, Royal Kai Yee, Hannah Kisselburgh, Douglas Roblin, Ekta Choudhary, Joshua Schier, Michael Fraser, and Ethel Taylor. "Noninfectious Foodborne Exposures Reported to 2 National Reporting Systems, United States, 2000-2010." Public Health Reports 134, no. 5 (August 6, 2019): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919862690.

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Objectives: Foodborne disease is a pervasive problem caused by consuming food or drink contaminated by infectious or noninfectious agents. The 55 US poison centers receive telephone calls for advice on foodborne disease cases that may be related to a foodborne disease outbreak (FBDO). Our objective was to assess whether poison center call records uploaded to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) can be used for surveillance of noninfectious FBDOs in the United States. Methods: We matched NPDS records on noninfectious FBDO agents in the United States with records in the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) for 2000-2010. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis comparing NPDS matched and unmatched records to assess features of NPDS records that may indicate a confirmed noninfectious FBDO. Results: During 2000-2010, FDOSS recorded 491 noninfectious FBDOs of known etiology and NPDS recorded 8773 calls for noninfectious foodborne disease exposures. Of 8773 NPDS calls, 469 (5.3%) were matched to a noninfectious FBDO reported to FDOSS. Multivariable logistic regression indicated severity of medical outcome, whether the call was made by a health care professional, and etiology as significant predictors of NPDS records matching an FDOSS noninfectious FBDO. Conclusions: NPDS may complement existing surveillance systems and response activities by providing timely information about single cases of foodborne diseases or about a known or emerging FBDO. Prioritizing NPDS records by certain call features could help guide public health departments in the types of noninfectious foodborne records that most warrant public health follow-up.

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Fallon, Pamela D. "An argument for home-based maternal records in the United States." Family & Community Health 17, no. 2 (July 1994): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003727-199407000-00010.

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Allen, Marie B. "Intergovernmental records in the United States: experiments in description and appraisal." Information Development 8, no. 2 (April 1992): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026666699200800209.

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39

Farber, James, and Charlene Leggieri. "Building and validating an administrative records database for the United States." New Zealand Economic Papers 36, no. 1 (June 2002): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779950209544352.

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40

Ganley, Mary C. "Availability and Content of Domestic Well Records in the United States." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 9, no. 4 (December 1989): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01024.x.

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41

van Straten, Robert H. "Records management handbook for United States senators and their archival repositories." Government Publications Review 20, no. 4 (July 1993): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(93)90047-s.

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42

Fuji, Kevin T., Amy A. Abbott, Kimberly A. Galt, Andjela Drincic, Mark Kraft, and Ted Kasha. "Standalone personal health records in the United States: meeting patient desires." Health and Technology 2, no. 3 (June 7, 2012): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12553-012-0028-1.

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43

Parks, Eric D., and Tracy R. Ray. "Prevention of Overuse Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1, no. 6 (November 2009): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109343543.

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With millions of athletes participating in baseball in the United States annually, overuse injuries are common occurrences. Epidemiological studies, including surveys of orthopaedic surgeons, coaches, and athletes, indicate that injuries such as those to the ulnar collateral ligament are increasing in incidence. Many risk factors for throwing injuries have been proposed—including the immature skeleton, throwing mechanics, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, pitch type, velocity, and counts—but little evidence is available to support the majority of these factors. Recent studies have shown that pitch volume and overuse are central factors that lead to shoulder and elbow injuries in the young throwing athlete. Pitching while fatigued and in spite of arm pain has also been implicated.

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Short, K. C. "A spatial database of wildfires in the United States, 1992-2011." Earth System Science Data 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2014): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-1-2014.

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Abstract. The statistical analysis of wildfire activity is a critical component of national wildfire planning, operations, and research in the United States (US). However, there are multiple federal, state, and local entities with wildfire protection and reporting responsibilities in the US, and no single, unified system of wildfire record keeping exists. To conduct even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record, one must harvest records from dozens of disparate databases with inconsistent information content. The onus is then on the user to check for and purge redundant records of the same fire (i.e., multijurisdictional incidents with responses reported by several agencies or departments) after pooling data from different sources. Here we describe our efforts to acquire, standardize, error-check, compile, scrub, and evaluate the completeness of US federal, state, and local wildfire records from 1992–2011 for the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) application. The resulting FPA Fire-Occurrence Database (FPA FOD) includes nearly 1.6 million records from the 20 yr period, with values for at least the following core data elements: location, at least as precise as a Public Land Survey System section (2.6 km2 grid), discovery date, and final fire size. The FPA FOD is publicly available from the Research Data Archive of the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (doi:10.2737/RDS-2013-0009). While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US wildfire activity over the past two decades, based on available information from the authoritative systems of record.

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Short, K. C. "A spatial database of wildfires in the United States, 1992–2011." Earth System Science Data Discussions 6, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 297–366. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-6-297-2013.

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Abstract. The statistical analysis of wildfire activity is a critical component of national wildfire planning, operations, and research in the United States (US). However, there are multiple federal, state, and local entities with wildfire protection and reporting responsibilities in the US, and no single, unified system of wildfire record-keeping exists. To conduct even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record, one must harvest records from dozens of disparate databases with inconsistent information content. The onus is then on the user to check for and purge redundant records of the same fire (i.e. multijurisdictional incidents with responses reported by several agencies or departments) after pooling data from different sources. Here we describe our efforts to acquire, standardize, error-check, compile, scrub, and evaluate the completeness of US federal, state, and local wildfire records from 1992–2011 for the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) application. The resulting FPA Fire-occurrence Database (FPA FOD) includes nearly 1.6 million records from the 20 yr period, with values for at least the following core data elements: location at least as precise as a Public Land Survey System section (2.6 km2 grid), discovery date, and final fire size. The FPA FOD is publicly available from the Research Data Archive of the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (doi:10.2737/RDS-2013-0009). While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US wildfire activity over the past two decades, based on available information from the authoritative systems of record.

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46

Codman, Ernest. "Re-engineering clinical records for production control." Australian Health Review 24, no. 2 (2001): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010071.

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47

IKEI, M. "Transpacific Field of Dreams--How Baseball Linked the United States and Japan in Peace and War." Social Science Japan Journal 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyt005.

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Skabelund, Aaron. "Transpacific Field of Dreams: How Baseball Linked the United States and Japan in Peace and War." International Journal of the History of Sport 30, no. 18 (December 2013): 2228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2013.849057.

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Onuma, Yoshihiko. "Transpacific field of dreams: How baseball linked the United States and Japan in Peace and War." Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science 1, no. 2-3 (August 2012): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21640599.2012.751676.

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Ezra, M. "Transpacific Field of Dreams: How Baseball Linked the United States and Japan in Peace and War." Journal of American History 99, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas513.

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