Relevant bibliographies by topics / Baseballs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Baseballs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Baseballs"

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Chalmers, Peter, Rocco Bassora, Chris Inzerillo, Andrew Beharrie, Anthony Romeo, and Brandon Erickson. "Training with Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing Injury Risk." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (2020): 2325967120S0034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00341.

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Objectives: Pitch velocity has become an increasingly popular metric by which pitchers are graded and compared. Training programs that utilize weighted balls have been effective in increasing velocity but at the cost of increased injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if a baseball pitcher-training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing injury risk. The author’s hypothesized that the training program with lighter baseballs would increase fastball velocity without causing injuries during the training program to the participants Methods: All baseball pitchers who participated in a 15-week pitching mechanic and velocity training program were included. Training program was broken down into three phases, and each participant went through the same program. Lighter balls (4oz and 3oz) and standard baseballs (5oz) were utilized as part of the training program. Weighted (heavier) balls were not used. Velocity was measured at four time points throughout the program. Injury rates for all players were recorded throughout the entire program. Results: 48 male pitchers aged 10-17 (average age: 14.7 +/- 1.8) years started the program and 44 had complete data and were included in the analysis. No pitcher sustained a baseball-related injury while participating in the training program (one player broke his ankle playing basketball, one player moved, one did not have baseline velocity data, and one experienced biceps soreness after participating in back to back showcases against recommendations). Fastball velocity increased by an average of 4.8mph (95% confidence intervals 4.1 - 5.5mph). Overall 43/44 players (98%) had an increase in fastball velocity over the course of the program. Conclusions: A 15-week baseball pitcher-training program with lighter baseballs significantly improved pitching velocity without significantly increasing injuries. Lighter baseballs should be considered instead of weighted baseballs when attempting to increase a pitcher’s velocity.
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Williams, Joseph, and Rich Edgeman. "Quality Control And Home Runs: An Examination Of Appropriate Metrics For Quality Control." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 7, no. 4 (2011): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v7i4.6213.

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The issue of appropriate quality control metrics is discussed in the context of the production of baseballs. Specifically, Major League Baseball players stroked record numbers of home runs in 1987, generating what is commonly known as the lively ball explanation for the unusual power output. The Commissioners office released a study proving that the 1987 baseball was not unusually lively. However, after examination of the quality control metrics used by MLB; we demonstrate that (1) it is quite possible that baseballs were indeed lively and (2) that acceptance sampling alone does not properly address the quality control problem.
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McGrain, Peter, James Van Dyke, and James Mastro. "Coefficients of Restitution of Balls Used in Team Sports for the Visually Impaired." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 1 (1987): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.1.63.

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This study examined the coefficients of restitution (e) of selected balls used in team sports for the visually impaired: beep baseball and goal ball. Specifically, a basketball was compared to two men's standard goal balls, and a softball was compared to three different types of beep baseballs. The e for all balls was calculated by dropping each ball five times from heights of 6 ft (1.83 m) and 19.25 ft (5.88 m). A Sony reel-to-reel videotape recorder was used to record rebound heights on a background scale for each ball dropped. Reliability tests of the procedures yielded correlation coefficients (r) of 0.996 and 0.998 for the 6 ft (1.83 m) and 19.25 ft (5.88 m) drops, respectively. Two two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests yielded significant differences across ball type and height of drop for the basketball and goal balls and for the softball and beep baseballs, respectively (p < 0.001). The es for the more recently developed beep baseballs are close to that of the standard softball, indicating a possible danger to visually impaired participants in beep baseball.
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Fleisig, Glenn S., Alek Z. Diffendaffer, Kyle T. Aune, Brett Ivey, and Walter A. Laughlin. "Biomechanical Analysis of Weighted-Ball Exercises for Baseball Pitchers." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 3 (2016): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738116679816.

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Background: Weighted-ball throwing programs are commonly used in training baseball pitchers to increase ball velocity. The purpose of this study was to compare kinematics and kinetics among weighted-ball exercises with values from standard pitching (ie, pitching standard 5-oz baseballs from a mound). Hypothesis: Ball and arm velocities would be greater with lighter balls and joint kinetics would be greater with heavier balls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-five high school and collegiate baseball pitchers experienced with weighted-ball throwing were tested with an automated motion capture system. Each participant performed 3 trials of 10 different exercises: pitching 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-oz baseballs from a mound; flat-ground crow hop throws with 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-oz baseballs; and flat-ground hold exercises with 14- and 32-oz balls. Twenty-six biomechanical parameters were computed for each trial. Data among the 10 exercises were compared with repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc paired t tests against the standard pitching data. Results: Ball velocity increased as ball mass decreased. There were no differences in arm and trunk velocities between throwing a standard baseball and an underweight baseball (4 oz), while arm and trunk velocities steadily decreased as ball weight increased from 5 to 32 oz. Compared with values pitching from a mound, velocities of the pelvis, shoulder, and ball were increased for flat-ground throws. In general, as ball mass increased arm torques and forces decreased; the exception was elbow flexion torque, which was significantly greater for the flat-ground holds. There were significant differences in body positions when pitching on the mound, flat-ground throws, and holds. Conclusions: While ball velocity was greatest throwing underweight baseballs, results from the study did not support the rest of the hypothesis. Kinematics and kinetics were similar between underweight and standard baseballs, while overweight balls correlated with decreased arm forces, torques, and velocities. Increased ball velocity and joint velocities were produced with crow hop throws, likely because of running forward while throwing. Clinical Relevance: As pitching slightly underweight and overweight baseballs produces variations in kinematics without increased arm kinetics, these exercises seem reasonable for training pitchers. As flat-ground throwing produces increased shoulder internal rotation velocity and elbow varus torque, these exercises may be beneficial but may also be stressful and risky. Flat-ground holds with heavy balls should not be viewed as enhancing pitching biomechanics, but rather as hybrid exercises between throwing and resistance training.
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Erickson, Brandon J., Thomas R. Atlee, Peter N. Chalmers, et al. "Training With Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing the Injury Risk." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3 (2020): 232596712091050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120910503.

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Background: Pitch velocity has become an increasingly popular metric by which pitchers are graded and compared. Training programs that utilize weighted balls have been effective in increasing velocity but at the cost of an increased injury risk. No studies have evaluated training with lighter baseballs with regard to increasing pitch velocity and the injury risk. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing the injury risk to participants. We hypothesized that a training program with lighter baseballs would increase fastball velocity but not increase the injury risk. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All baseball pitchers who participated in a 15-week program at a single location, with the same coaches, and aimed to improve pitching mechanics and increase velocity were included. The training program was broken down into 3 phases, and each participant went through the same program. Lighter baseballs (3 and 4 oz) and standard baseballs (5 oz) were utilized as part of the training program. Weighted (heavier) balls were not used. Velocity was measured at 4 time points throughout the program with the pitcher throwing 5 fastballs using a standard 5-oz ball at maximum velocity (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Injuries for all players were recorded throughout the entire program. Results: A total of 44 male pitchers aged 10 to 17 years (mean age, 14.7 ± 1.8 years) completed the training program and were available for analysis. No pitcher sustained a shoulder or elbow injury during the course of the training program. Fastball velocity increased by a mean of 4.8 mph (95% CI, 4.0-5.6 mph) ( P < .001). Overall, 43 of 44 players (98%) had an increase in fastball velocity over the course of the program. Conclusion: A 15-week pitching training program with lighter baseballs significantly improved pitching velocity without causing any injuries, specifically to the shoulder or elbow. Lighter baseballs should be considered as an alternative to weighted baseballs when attempting to increase a pitcher’s velocity.
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Caldwell, Jon-Michael E., Frank J. Alexander, and Christopher S. Ahmad. "Weighted-Ball Velocity Enhancement Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 2 (2019): 232596711882546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118825469.

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Background: Weighted-implement training utilizing over- or underweight baseballs has increased in popularity at all levels in competitive baseball. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy or safety of these training methods. Hypothesis: This systematic review was intended to answer the following questions: Does weighted-ball training improve pitching velocity? Does weighted-ball training increase the risk of injury? Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Searches were conducted with MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ProQuest Physical Education Index. Articles were included if the study population consisted of adult, adolescent, or youth baseball pitchers training with under- or overweight baseballs, with velocity as a measured outcome. Articles were excluded if they were review articles, examined sports other than baseball, utilized weighted implements other than baseballs, or were not published in peer-reviewed journals. Included articles were at least level 4 evidence. Data extracted for qualitative analysis included training protocol parameters (such as ball weight, number of pitches, duration of training), velocity change, and injuries or complications reported. Results: A total of 4119 article titles were retrieved, of which 156 were selected for abstract review. After manual removal of duplicates, 128 abstracts were reviewed. Of these, 17 met the inclusion criteria, and the full text was obtained. After full-text review, 7 additional articles were excluded, leaving 10 articles that met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Conclusion: Weighted-implement training increased pitching velocity in the majority of the included studies. However, the quality of available evidence was determined to be very poor, and there was marked heterogeneity in training protocols, ball weights, and study populations. There was inadequate evidence reported to determine the risk of injury with this type of training.
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Wen, Bor-Jiunn, Che-Rui Chang, Chun-Wei Lan, and Yi-Chen Zheng. "Magnus-Forces Analysis of Pitched-Baseball Trajectories Using YOLOv3-Tiny Deep Learning Algorithm." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115540.

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This study analyzed the characteristics of pitched baseballs from TV broadcast videos to understand the effects of the Magnus force on a pitched-baseball trajectory using aerodynamic theory. Furthermore, an automatic measurement and analysis system for pitched-baseball trajectories, ball speeds, and spin rates was established, capturing the trajectory of the baseball thrown by the pitcher before the catcher catches it and analyzing its related dynamic parameters. The system consists of two parts: (1) capturing and detecting the pitched baseball in all frames of the video using the YOLOv3-tiny deep learning algorithm and automatically recording the coordinates of each detected baseball position; (2) automatically calculating the average speed and spin rate of the pitched baseball using aerodynamic theory. As the baseball thrown by the pitcher is fast, and live-action TV videos like sports and concerts are typically at least 24 fps or more, this study used YOLOv3-tiny algorithm to speed up the calculation. Finally, the system automatically presented pitching data on the screen, and the pitching information in the baseball game was easily obtained and recorded for further discussion. The system was tested using 30 videos of pitched baseballs and could effectively capture the baseball trajectories, throw points, catch points, and vertical displacements. Compared with the values from the TV broadcast, the average errors on the calculated ball speed and spin rate were 1.88% and 7.51%, respectively. Using the ratio of the spin rate and ball speed as a parameter to analyze the pitching state of the pitcher’s four-seam fastball in the Nippon Professional Baseball and Major League Baseball matches, it was observed that when this ratio increased, the Magnus displacement of the ball increased, thereby decreasing its late break. Therefore, the developed system provides scientific pitching data to improve the performance of baseball pitchers.
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Dunham, Paul. "Coincidence-Anticipation Performance of Adolescent Baseball Players and Nonplayers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3_suppl (1989): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1151.

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10 adolescent baseball players and 10 nonplayers made estimates of baseballs' arrival at the front edge of a home plate. Balls were projected 45 ft. by a pitching machine at speeds of 35, 40, 45, and 50 mph. Subjects made estimates with the dominant and nondominant eye closest to the oncoming ball. Analysis indicated that players were no more accurate than nonplayers but did respond significantly earlier and with consistency. Eye dominance had no effect on performance.
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Cava, Robert J. "Superconductors and baseballs." Nature 364, no. 6435 (1993): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364297a0.

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Golding, Jordan, Aaron Johnson, and Andrew T. Sensenig. "Experimental Manipulation of Psychological Momentum in Baseball Pitching: No Evidence for Short-Term Psychological Momentum in Baseball Throw Speeds." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 11, no. 2 (2017): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0009.

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Psychological momentum in sports is a series of high or low human performances that seem to defy statistical randomness, and instead is often attributed to a positive feedback system in the athlete’s physiology and psyche. Quantitative approaches have found some evidence of psychological momentum. We measured the throw speeds and accuracy of adult males throwing baseballs while subjecting them to verbal criticism (positive or negative). Our study of short-term momentum suggested evidence of psychological momentum only in top-performing university baseball players, and not in the lower-performing players or in nonathletes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Baseballs"

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Nicholls, Rochelle Louise. "Mathematical modelling of bat-ball impact in baseball." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0016.

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[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of the abstract for an accurate reproduction.] Ball-impact injuries in baseball, while relatively rare, have the potential to be catastrophic. These injuries are primarily attributed to impact by the ball after it has been hit, pitched or thrown. As the closest infielder to the hitter, the pitcher is at greatest risk of being struck by the batted ball. This thesis investigated the influence of bat and ball design on ball exit velocity (BEV) and the potential for impact injury to pitchers. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to quantify the dynamics of bat-ball impact for bats of various moment of inertia and baseballs with different mechanical properties. The analysis was conducted using ANSYS/LSDYNA explicit dynamics software. To replicate a typical bat-ball impact in the field, the model required input of bat linear and angular velocity and orientation in three-dimensional (3-D) space, at the instant prior to impact. This data was obtained from 3-D kinematic analysis using two high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. Seventeen high-performance batters used a wood bat and a metal bat of equal length and mass to hit baseballs thrown by a pitcher. Hitters developed significantly higher resultant linear velocity for both the proximal (38.3 ± 1.8 ms-1;) and distal (8.1 ± 1.8 ms-1) ends of the metal bat (compared with 36.4 ± 1.7 ms-1 and 6.9 ± 2.1 ms-1 respectively for the wood bat). They also achieved a significantly more “square” bat position just prior to impact with the ball (264.3 ± 9.1 deg compared with 251.5 ± 10.4 deg). These factors are important in transferring momentum to the batted ball. Mathematical description of the large-deformation material behaviour of the baseball was also required for this analysis. Previous research is limited to compression tests to 10 % of ball diameter, despite conjecture that during impact with the bat, the ball might deform to 50 % of its original diameter. Uniaxial quasi-static compression tests on seven models of baseballs investigated baseball behaviour during deformation to 50 % of ball diameter. The resulting force-displacement relationship was highly non-linear. Hence FEA was used to derive and verify a relationship to describe the time-dependent and elastic behaviour of the ball during the 1 ms period typical of bat-ball impact. The results of the bat-ball impact analysis indicated that for hits made at the point of maximum momentum transfer on the bat, the metal bat produced greater BEV than the wood bat (61.5 ms-1 and 50.9 ms-1 respectively). The higher BEV from the metal bat was attributed to greater pre-impact bat linear velocity, and bat orientation during impact. The more perpendicular horizontal orientation of the metal bat at the instant of impact resulted in a greater proportion of resultant BEV being directed in the global x-direction (toward the pitcher), compared with the wood bat. This indicates increasing bat moment of inertia (the relative mass of the bat barrel) may be a potential control strategy for BEV. BEV was also reduced for impacts using a baseball with values for instantaneous shear and relaxed modulii approximately 33 % less (9.9 % reduction in BEV for metal bat, 9.7 % for the wood bat).
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Bryson, John Andrew. "Impact response of polyurethane." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/j_bryson_082509.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in mechanical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 11, 2010). "School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95).
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Hesslink, David. "Investigating the coefficient of restitution of major league baseballs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112581.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-24).<br>In the middle of the 2015 Major League Baseball season there was a sudden increase in home run rate. Such a sudden league-wide change is difficult to explain, and many baseball pundits suggested that a "juiced" or altered baseball was the culprit. In this thesis, large scale coefficient of restitution (COR) testing is performed on baseballs from before (2014) and after (2016) the alleged change. No evidence is found to suggest that the baseball was altered between 2014 and 2016. The investigation nevertheless revealed telling properties of the coefficient of restitution. First, it was largely found that baseballs from both years fell within the COR specifications of Major League Baseball (between 0.514 and 0.578). Second, the COR is revealed to be a noisy quantity in that the same baseball can exhibit differences in COR on the order of 0.01. Third, most of the variation between baseballs' COR comes from being manufactured on different days in the plant and thus being packaged in different boxes. Additionally, an unexpected fatigue in the strike plate used in the test apparatus is found to have affected the COR measurements for the first 200 trials.<br>by David Hesslink.<br>S.B.
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Nicholson, Michael Eugene. "The effect of overload and traditional pitcher conditioning on the velocity of pitched baseballs." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020057/.

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Hutton, Brian P. "Baseball in the Digital Age: The Role of Online and Mobile Content in Major League Baseball's Media Product Portfolio." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33170/.

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This case study evaluated Major League Baseball's (MLB) media product portfolio to identify how broadcast revenues have evolved over the past decade. This research looked back across baseball's long, dysfunctional history with broadcasters in order to recognize the significance of its ambitious use of online content. While MLB had failed to fully utilize the potential of broadcasting, the league's aggressive online strategy through its Advanced Media (MLBAM) division made it the industry leader in broadcasting live streaming sports video. MLBAM expanded its online streaming video to mobile phones and iPad, further expanding the distribution of its content. This research compared MLBAM revenue to traditional broadcast revenue while analyzing the online division's role in promoting the MLB brand. This case study concluded that while MLBAM had made a number of groundbreaking developments, the league could still improve its use of embedded, shared video clips, archived footage and international marketing in order to further extend the brand equity of the MLB, its thirty individual brands and its media product portfolio.
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Kelman, Jon. "Comparing the revenue and profit effects of winning and having a star player for a Major League Baseball team." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/590.

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Willers, Katharine E. "The determinants of attendance of Major League baseball games from 1989 to 1999 and the implications of the 1994 labor strike :." See restrictions on access, 2001. http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/library/abner/apponly.htm.

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Reaves, Joseph Allen. "A history of baseball in Asia : assimilating, rejecting and remaking America's game /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470472.

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Chumas, Jill M. "A study of the fan's perceptions of promotions of an independent minor league baseball club." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999chumas.pdf.

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Facciolo, Philip Joseph III. "Salary determination of arbitration and free agent Major League Baseball pitchers 1984--2003 /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.73Mb., 139 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1428205.

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Books on the topic "Baseballs"

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K, Larson Mark, ed. Team baseballs: A comprehensive guide to the identification, authentication, and value of autographed baseballs. Krause Publications, 1992.

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Mitnick, John M. Team baseballs: Artifacts of the game. Artifact Publishing, 2010.

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McFadden, David. Poèmes et autres baseballs. Triptyque, 1999.

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Torre, Dan de la. Pitched from the past: The journey of "The matchless ball". Tradewinds Publishing Group, 1994.

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Balls, bats & more! Mawby Project Group, 2013.

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How to snag major league baseballs: More than 100 tested tricks that really work. Aladdin Paperbacks, 1999.

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Takʻŭ tŭraegon: Yi Hyŏn-se hyumŏn hwantʻaji changpʻyon kŭkhwa. Segyo Kʻŏmyunikʻeisyŏn, 2000.

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ill, Nixon John, ed. Stitches. Ambassador Books, 2003.

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Roy, Ron. The unwilling umpire. Random House, 2004.

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Felicia, Zekauskas, ed. Saved by the ball. Scholastic, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Baseballs"

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Love, Brian J. "“Stuck on You”: Functional Friction Measurements of Doctored Baseballs Coated with “Sticky Substances”." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92381-5_127.

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Fleisig, Glenn S., Christopher S. McMichael, and James R. Andrews. "Baseball." In Epidemiology of Injury in Olympic Sports. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444316872.ch5.

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Mallios, William S. "Baseball." In The Analysis of Sports Forecasting. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6713-1_6.

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Roth, Travis S., Chris H. Garrett, and Daryl C. Osbahr. "Baseball." In Injury and Health Risk Management in Sports. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60752-7_72.

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Risby, Bonnie Lou, and Jean Franklin. "Baseball." In Connections. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233800-1.

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McDuff, David, Don Thompson, and Michelle Garvin. "Baseball." In The ISSP Manual of Sports Psychiatry. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315211664-15.

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King, Oswald Harris. "On Baseball." In Rediscovering America. J.B. Metzler, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02834-1_11.

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Lyman,, Stephen, and Glenn S. Fleisig. "Baseball Injuries." In Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries. KARGER, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000085340.

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Manzenreiter, Wolfram. "Baseball/softball." In Japan Through the Lens of the Tokyo Olympics. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003033905-15.

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Leimbach, Judy. "Baseball Game." In Grades 2-4 Primarily Logic. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003237259-41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Baseballs"

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Mortimer, Patrick, John C. Vaccaro, and David M. Rooney. "Wake Flow Patterns Behind Rotating Smooth Spheres and Baseballs." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83357.

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An experimental investigation into the flow field behind baseballs at two different seam orientations as well as a smooth sphere of the same diameter was undertaken at Reynolds numbers of 5 × 104 and 1 × 105. The rotational speed of the three spheres varied from 0 to 2400 rpm, with data collected in increments of 400 rpm which correspond to relative spin rates between 0 and 0.94. Mean velocity profiles, turbulence in intensity profiles, and power spectral density of the signals were taken using hot-wire anemometry. The smooth sphere wake was seen to change in orientation over a range of relative rotational speeds. The Strouhal number remained constant around 0.24 for relatively low spin rates. The seams on the baseball suppressed any measurable vortex shedding once rotation began, also eliminating any significant change in wake orientation as evidenced by the mean velocity deficit and turbulence intensity profiles. It was concluded that the so-called inverse Magnus effect recorded by previous investigators at a specific Reynolds number / relative rotational speed of a sphere exists only for a smooth sphere and not for a sphere where the boundary layer separation is governed by raised seams.
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Lin, Ching-Hung, Huang-Chia Shih, and Wei-Yuan Wang. "Evaluations of Flight Dynamic Parameters for Smart Baseballs." In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce46687.2019.9015573.

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Kulas, John, Marlee Wanamaker, Diuky Padron-Marrero, and Hui Xu. "Sample Size Sensitivity in Descriptive Baseball Statistics." In CARMA 2020 - 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2020.2020.11643.

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This paper presents one element of a larger project that probes for systematicand predictable patterns of variability/volatility in baseball's descriptivestatistics. The larger project standardizes many baseball indices along anevent metric and provides relative estimates of each index’s point of inflectiontoward an empirical asymptote. Specifically these estimates reflect deviationsin sensitivity to “sample size” (e.g., which descriptive statistics are more orless robust across events). The end purpose of this broader investigation is aqualifier to be associated with such statistics: sample size sensitivity (TripleS). Not because it's needed, but because, colloquially, discussions of baseballstatistics are commonly qualified by the cautionary statement, "well, it's asmall sample size". The current presentation highlights the process and resultsof estimating the logarithmic event function of one statistic, batting average,and we will provide real-time projections of accuracy (our estimated functionversus in-coming baseball data that occurs during the CARMA conference).Results have implications for the integration of BigData applications intodigestable summary statistics that appeal to a broad-reaching audience withpractical implications and meaning.
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Dietrich, Carlos, David Koop, Huy T. Vo, and Claudio T. Silva. "Baseball4D: A tool for baseball game reconstruction & visualization." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vast.2014.7042478.

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Jaramillo, Paola, Kevin S. Manarky, Ronald S. Adrezin, Robert D. Celmer, John T. Reinard, and Devdas Shetty. "“Sweet Spot” or “Sweet Zone”? Modal Analysis of a Wooden Baseball Bat for Design Optimization." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41924.

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This paper describes modal testing of a wooden baseball bat with the purpose of finding the peak frequencies and vibration modes and their relation to the so-called “sweet spot”. Initial vibration testing was done by performing a tap test along a Louisville Slugger wooden baseball bat. The bat was suspended by elastic rubber bands to approximate free-free boundary conditions. The peak frequencies and bending mode shapes of the baseball bat were obtained. To verify the results, a modal analysis of the baseball bat was performed to simulate the structure’s dynamic behavior. The animated model validated the accuracy of the parameters obtained in the tap test. The bending mode shapes were also compared to the bending elastic mode shapes of a uniform, homogeneous beam undergoing no shear distortion. The exact solution of the beam equation of motion was solved. The mode shapes were plotted to compare them with the ones obtained from the baseball bat. This comparison indicated that the bat and the beam structures presented the same type of bending mode.
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Theobalt, Christian, Irene Albrecht, Jörg Haber, Marcus Magnor, and Hans-Peter Seidel. "Pitching a baseball." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers. ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186562.1015758.

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Higuchi, Hiroshi, and Toshiro Kiura. "Flow-Structure Interaction Problem of a Pitched Baseball Without Spin (Knuckleball)." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30397.

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The “knuckleball” effect is believed to be caused by asymmetric flow separation over the baseball, but little is known about its flow physics. The baseball is gripped with the knuckles in a certain position and is pitched in a way that introduces nearly no rotation, resulting in erratic flight paths which confuse batters. In the experiment described in this paper, the flow near the seams of the baseball is visualized thoroughly and the velocity vector fields near the surface and in the wake are obtained with Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. Depending on its position, the seam is found to trigger the boundary layer transition thus delaying the separation, or to cause separation itself. Three-dimensional wake patterns associated with specific ball orientations are identified and related to the force variations on the ball.
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Chou, Ting-Hsuan, and Wei-Ta Chu. "Automatic Baseball Pitch Overlay." In ICMR '21: International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460426.3463576.

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Mitiguy, Paul, and Michael Woo. "A Controversial Study of the Aerodynamics of a Baseball." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85140.

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Projectile motion under idealized conditions has been well understood for centuries. However, once aerodynamic forces (drag and lift) are introduced, the motion becomes significantly more difficult to analyze and predict. This paper compares two aerodynamic models on the flight of a baseball — the first by Robert Adair and the second by Greg Sawicki, Mont Hubbards, and William Stronge. Applied to the distance traveled by a baseball, the two models predict substantially different results. The results of the models were further examined through interactive computer simulations using Working Model and Autolev.
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Bushong, B. A. "Fuzzy Clustering of Baseball Statistics." In NAFIPS 2007 - 2007 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips.2007.383812.

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Reports on the topic "Baseballs"

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Carr, Alan. Baseball 1946 - 1947. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1657090.

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Campshure, Blake, Paul Lancisi, Patrick Drane, and James Sherwood. Hardness of Wood Baseball Bats. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317477.

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Allison, Dean, Ricardo Diaz, and Nathaniel Miller. Generalized Baseball Curves: Three Symmetries and You're In! The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/loci002866.

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Archsmith, James, Anthony Heyes, Matthew Neidell, and Bhaven Sampat. The Dynamics of Inattention in the (Baseball) Field. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28922.

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Fuss, Franz Konstantin, Batdelger Doljin, Jeong Kwangyul, and Young-Kwan Kim. Torque-to-spin Efficiency of Pitches Analysed with a Smart Baseball. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317489.

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Chen, Daniel, Tobias Moskowitz, and Kelly Shue. Decision-Making under the Gambler's Fallacy: Evidence from Asylum Judges, Loan Officers, and Baseball Umpires. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22026.

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Kovash, Kenneth, and Steven Levitt. Professionals Do Not Play Minimax: Evidence from Major League Baseball and the National Football League. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15347.

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Lee, Mee-Sik, Moon-Kyung Hong, Soon-Wha Bae, and Mi-Kyung Song. Textile Relics Conservation and Effective Cleaning Methods - Conservation of the Korean Youth Baseball Tournament Championship Flag. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1724.

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Sweeting, Andrew. Equilibrium Price Dynamics in Perishable Goods Markets: The Case of Secondary Markets for Major League Baseball Tickets. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14505.

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Ahmadi, Majid, Nathan Durst, Jeff Lachman, et al. Nothing Propinks Like Propinquity: Using Machine Learning to Estimate the Effects of Spatial Proximity in the Major League Baseball Draft. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30786.

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