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Journal articles on the topic 'Baseballs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Chalmers, Peter, Rocco Bassora, Chris Inzerillo, Andrew Beharrie, Anthony Romeo, and Brandon Erickson. "Training with Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing Injury Risk." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (2020): 2325967120S0034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00341.

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Objectives: Pitch velocity has become an increasingly popular metric by which pitchers are graded and compared. Training programs that utilize weighted balls have been effective in increasing velocity but at the cost of increased injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if a baseball pitcher-training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing injury risk. The author’s hypothesized that the training program with lighter baseballs would increase fastball velocity without causing injuries during the training program to the participants M

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2

Williams, Joseph, and Rich Edgeman. "Quality Control And Home Runs: An Examination Of Appropriate Metrics For Quality Control." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 7, no. 4 (2011): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v7i4.6213.

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The issue of appropriate quality control metrics is discussed in the context of the production of baseballs. Specifically, Major League Baseball players stroked record numbers of home runs in 1987, generating what is commonly known as the lively ball explanation for the unusual power output. The Commissioners office released a study proving that the 1987 baseball was not unusually lively. However, after examination of the quality control metrics used by MLB; we demonstrate that (1) it is quite possible that baseballs were indeed lively and (2) that acceptance sampling alone does not properly a

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3

McGrain, Peter, James Van Dyke, and James Mastro. "Coefficients of Restitution of Balls Used in Team Sports for the Visually Impaired." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 1 (1987): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.1.63.

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This study examined the coefficients of restitution (e) of selected balls used in team sports for the visually impaired: beep baseball and goal ball. Specifically, a basketball was compared to two men's standard goal balls, and a softball was compared to three different types of beep baseballs. The e for all balls was calculated by dropping each ball five times from heights of 6 ft (1.83 m) and 19.25 ft (5.88 m). A Sony reel-to-reel videotape recorder was used to record rebound heights on a background scale for each ball dropped. Reliability tests of the procedures yielded correlation coeffici

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4

Fleisig, Glenn S., Alek Z. Diffendaffer, Kyle T. Aune, Brett Ivey, and Walter A. Laughlin. "Biomechanical Analysis of Weighted-Ball Exercises for Baseball Pitchers." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 3 (2016): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738116679816.

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Background: Weighted-ball throwing programs are commonly used in training baseball pitchers to increase ball velocity. The purpose of this study was to compare kinematics and kinetics among weighted-ball exercises with values from standard pitching (ie, pitching standard 5-oz baseballs from a mound). Hypothesis: Ball and arm velocities would be greater with lighter balls and joint kinetics would be greater with heavier balls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-five high school and collegiate baseball pitchers experienced with weighted-ball throwing were tested with an a

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5

Erickson, Brandon J., Thomas R. Atlee, Peter N. Chalmers, et al. "Training With Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing the Injury Risk." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3 (2020): 232596712091050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120910503.

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Background: Pitch velocity has become an increasingly popular metric by which pitchers are graded and compared. Training programs that utilize weighted balls have been effective in increasing velocity but at the cost of an increased injury risk. No studies have evaluated training with lighter baseballs with regard to increasing pitch velocity and the injury risk. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing the injury risk to participants. We hypothesized that a training

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6

Caldwell, Jon-Michael E., Frank J. Alexander, and Christopher S. Ahmad. "Weighted-Ball Velocity Enhancement Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 2 (2019): 232596711882546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118825469.

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Background: Weighted-implement training utilizing over- or underweight baseballs has increased in popularity at all levels in competitive baseball. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy or safety of these training methods. Hypothesis: This systematic review was intended to answer the following questions: Does weighted-ball training improve pitching velocity? Does weighted-ball training increase the risk of injury? Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Searches were conducted with MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ProQuest Physical Education Index. Articles were includ

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7

Wen, Bor-Jiunn, Che-Rui Chang, Chun-Wei Lan, and Yi-Chen Zheng. "Magnus-Forces Analysis of Pitched-Baseball Trajectories Using YOLOv3-Tiny Deep Learning Algorithm." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115540.

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This study analyzed the characteristics of pitched baseballs from TV broadcast videos to understand the effects of the Magnus force on a pitched-baseball trajectory using aerodynamic theory. Furthermore, an automatic measurement and analysis system for pitched-baseball trajectories, ball speeds, and spin rates was established, capturing the trajectory of the baseball thrown by the pitcher before the catcher catches it and analyzing its related dynamic parameters. The system consists of two parts: (1) capturing and detecting the pitched baseball in all frames of the video using the YOLOv3-tiny

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8

Dunham, Paul. "Coincidence-Anticipation Performance of Adolescent Baseball Players and Nonplayers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3_suppl (1989): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1151.

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10 adolescent baseball players and 10 nonplayers made estimates of baseballs' arrival at the front edge of a home plate. Balls were projected 45 ft. by a pitching machine at speeds of 35, 40, 45, and 50 mph. Subjects made estimates with the dominant and nondominant eye closest to the oncoming ball. Analysis indicated that players were no more accurate than nonplayers but did respond significantly earlier and with consistency. Eye dominance had no effect on performance.

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9

Cava, Robert J. "Superconductors and baseballs." Nature 364, no. 6435 (1993): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364297a0.

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10

Golding, Jordan, Aaron Johnson, and Andrew T. Sensenig. "Experimental Manipulation of Psychological Momentum in Baseball Pitching: No Evidence for Short-Term Psychological Momentum in Baseball Throw Speeds." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 11, no. 2 (2017): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0009.

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Psychological momentum in sports is a series of high or low human performances that seem to defy statistical randomness, and instead is often attributed to a positive feedback system in the athlete’s physiology and psyche. Quantitative approaches have found some evidence of psychological momentum. We measured the throw speeds and accuracy of adult males throwing baseballs while subjecting them to verbal criticism (positive or negative). Our study of short-term momentum suggested evidence of psychological momentum only in top-performing university baseball players, and not in the lower-performi

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11

Earl J. Wilcox. "Catching Baseballs and Poems." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 19, no. 1 (2010): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2010.0010.

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12

Noble, Larry, and Hugh Walker. "Baseball Bat Inertial and Vibrational Characteristics and Discomfort Following Ball–Bat Impacts." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 2 (1994): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.2.132.

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This study examined the relationship between selected mechanical characteristics of aluminum baseball bats and sensations on the hands resulting from impacts. Sixteen skilled male Little League baseball players held each of two bats while they were impacted at the following locations by baseballs at speeds of approximately 27 m/s: near barrel end, center of percussion (COP), distal node of the fundamental mode, and 4 in. toward the hands from the COP. Results of a questionnaire regarding annoyance and discomfort were correlated with selected bat characteristics and vibrational characteristics

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13

Alaways, LeRoy W., Sean P. Mish, and Mont Hubbard. "Identification of Release Conditions and Aerodynamic Forces in Pitched-Baseball Trajectories." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 17, no. 1 (2001): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.17.1.63.

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Pitched-baseball trajectories were measured in three dimensions during competitions at the 1996 Summer Olympic games using two high-speed video cameras and standard DLT techniques. A dynamic model of baseball flight including aerodynamic drag and Magnus lift forces was used to simulate trajectories. This simulation together with the measured trajectory position data constituted the components of an estimation scheme to determine 8 of the 9 release conditions (3 components each of velocity, position, and angular velocity) as well as the mean drag coefficient CD and terminal conditions at home p

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14

Beer, John, and Paula Fleming. "Eye Color and Motor Performance in Physical Education Activities in Elementary School Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3 (1987): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3.963.

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251 elementary school children in Grades 1 to 6 performed a variety of motor tasks in physical education classes to investigate whether eye color was associated with performance on the expectation that dark-eyed individuals generally perform better at reactive type tasks (boxing, hitting a baseball, defensive football) while light-eyed individuals perform better at self-paced tasks (bowling, golf, pitching baseballs). Eye color was not associated with standing-long jump, soft-ball throw, or 50-, 75-, 100-yd. dashes. Boys generally performed better than girls and older children in upper grades

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15

Mamula, Paul W. "Lighter Baseballs and Youth Injuries." Physician and Sportsmedicine 32, no. 7 (2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2004.07.432.

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16

Walton, Douglas. "Baseballs and arguments from fairness." Artificial Intelligence and Law 22, no. 4 (2013): 423–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10506-013-9151-1.

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17

Hathaway, Ted. "From Baseballs to Brassieres: The Use of Baseball in Magazine Advertising, 1890-1960." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 10, no. 1 (2001): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2001.0057.

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18

Reinold, Michael M., Leonard C. Macrina, Glenn S. Fleisig, Monika Drogosz, and James R. Andrews. "Acute Effects of Weighted Baseball Throwing Programs on Shoulder Range of Motion." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 12, no. 5 (2020): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120925728.

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Background: Baseball pitching injuries are increasing at an alarming rate. While weighted ball throwing programs may be effective at increasing pitching velocity, previous research has identified a 24% injury rate and a 3.3° increase in shoulder external rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM) after performing a 6-week program. However, previous research has not investigated, separately, the immediate effects of throwing underloaded and overloaded balls on ROM. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of throwing differently weighted baseballs on shoulder ROM. By analyzing these

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19

Smith, Lloyd V. "Hygrothermal effects of baseballs and softballs." Sports Engineering 17, no. 3 (2013): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12283-013-0143-x.

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20

Chambers, Frederick, Brian Page, and Clyde Zaidins. "Atmosphere, Weather, and Baseball: How Much Farther Do Baseballs Really Fly at Denver's Coors Field?" Professional Geographer 55, no. 4 (2003): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.5504007.

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21

Nicholls, Rochelle Llewelyn, Karol Miller, and Bruce C. Elliott. "Modeling Deformation Behavior of the Baseball." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 21, no. 1 (2005): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.21.1.18.

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Regulating ball response to impact is one way to control ball exit velocity in baseball. This is necessary to reduce injuries to defensive players and maintain the balance between offense and defense in the game. This paper presents a model for baseball velocity-dependent behavior. Force-displacement data were obtained using quasi-static compression tests to 50% of ball diameter (n = 70 baseballs). The force-displacement curves for a very stiff baseball (Model B) and a softer type (Model C) were characterized by a Mooney-Rivlin model using implicit finite element analysis (ANSYS software, vers

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22

SAKAI, Shinobu, Daisuke YASUTOMI, Jin-Xing SHI, Akira URAKAMI, and Masato MIZOGUCHI. "Study on restitution characteristics of new/old rubber baseballs and metal baseball bat adapting to the new rubber baseball." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, no. 877 (2019): 19–00118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.19-00118.

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23

Hendee, Shonn P., Richard M. Greenwald, and Joseph J. Crisco. "Static and Dynamic Properties of Various Baseballs." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14, no. 4 (1998): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.4.390.

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In this study we investigated the compressive quasi-static mechanical properties and dynamic impact behavior of baseballs. Our purpose was to determine if static testing could be used to describe dynamic ball impact properties, and to compare static and dynamic properties between traditional and modified baseballs. Average stiffness and energy loss from 19 ball models were calculated from quasi-static compression data. Dynamic impact variables were determined from force–time profiles of balls impacted into a flat stationary target at velocities from 13.4 to 40.2 m/s. Peak force increased linea

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24

Alam, Firoz, Harun Chowdhury, Nurdalila Husni, and Lloyd Smith. "An Experimental Study of Baseballs and Softballs." Procedia Engineering 60 (2013): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.07.006.

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25

Lyu, Bin, Jeff Kensrud, and Lloyd Smith. "Investigation of the Aerodynamic Drag of Baseballs with Gyro Spin." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049162.

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The following considers drag measurements of baseballs with backspin (spin axis horizontal and normal to trajectory) and gyro spin (spin axis parallel to trajectory) orientations. Balls were propelled through still air in a laboratory setting at 36 m/s and spin ranging from 1250 rpm to 1750 rpm. Balls were projected with backspin and gyro spin in the two- and four-seam orientations. Speed and position sensors measured the speed and location of the balls at three locations from which the coefficient of drag and lift were found. Drag was observed to depend on spin rate, spin axis and seam orient

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26

Phillips, Randy, Andrew Shatley, Shawn Drake, Glenn S. Fleisig, and James W. Farris. "Kinematic Comparison of Youth Pitching Using Lighter Baseballs." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-00647.

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27

Phillips, Randy, Andrew Shatley, Shawn Drake, Glenn S. Fleisig, and James W. Farris. "Kinematic Comparison of Youth Pitching Using Lighter Baseballs." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00647.

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28

Baltay, Charles, and Steven Girvin. "Robert K. Adair: Explorer of strange particles—and baseballs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (2021): e2026037118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026037118.

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29

SAGAE, Satoshi, Masahiro FUJIKAWA, Hiroyuki NAITO, Kenichi TOKIEDA, Seishi FUJIHARA, and Kazuyoshi ARAI. "2027 NUMERICAL SIMULATION MODELING AND IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS OF BASEBALLS." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2012.18 (2012): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2012.18.637.

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30

OOKA, Shohei, and Masato MAEDA. "230 The trajectory of baseballs pitched under game conditions." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2012 (2012): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2012.330.

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31

Meyer, Edmund R., and John L. Bohn. "Influence of a humidor on the aerodynamics of baseballs." American Journal of Physics 76, no. 11 (2008): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2955796.

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32

Kensrud, Jeffrey R., Alan M. Nathan, and Lloyd V. Smith. "Oblique collisions of baseballs and softballs with a bat." American Journal of Physics 85, no. 7 (2017): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4982793.

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33

Rex, A. F. "The effect of spin on the flight of batted baseballs." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 11 (1985): 1073–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14034.

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34

Aguirre-López, Mario A., O. Díaz-Hernández, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Javier Morales-Castillo, F. Javier Almaguer, and Gerardo J. Escalera Santos. "A cardioid-parametric model for the Magnus effect in baseballs." Advances in Computational Mathematics 45, no. 4 (2019): 2097–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10444-019-09694-w.

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35

Fleet, David Van, Len White, and Ella W. Van Fleet. "Baseballs or Cricket Balls: On the Meanings of Bullying and Harassment." Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies 06, no. 01 (2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2018.61032.

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36

Borg, John P., and Michael P. Morrissey. "Aerodynamics of the knuckleball pitch: Experimental measurements on slowly rotating baseballs." American Journal of Physics 82, no. 10 (2014): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4885341.

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37

Reinold, Michael M., Leonard C. Macrina, Glenn S. Fleisig, Kyle Aune, and James R. Andrews. "Effect of a 6-Week Weighted Baseball Throwing Program on Pitch Velocity, Pitching Arm Biomechanics, Passive Range of Motion, and Injury Rates." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 4 (2018): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118779909.

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Background: Emphasis on enhancing baseball pitch velocity has become popular, especially through weighted-ball throwing. However, little is known about the physical effects or safety of these programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training with weighted baseballs on pitch velocity, passive range of motion (PROM), muscle strength, elbow torque, and injury rates. Hypothesis: A 6-week weighted ball training program would result in a change in pitching biomechanical and physical characteristics. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Metho

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38

Escamilla, Rafael F., Kevin P. Speer, Glenn S. Fleisig, Steven W. Barrentine, and James R. Andrews. "Effects of Throwing Overweight and Underweight Baseballs on Throwing Velocity and Accuracy." Sports Medicine 29, no. 4 (2000): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029040-00004.

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39

Drane, Patrick, Prachi Dhavale, Christopher Hansen, Ryan Kelley, and Jacob Burke. "A Study of the Interaction between Batting Cage Baseballs and Pitching Machine." Proceedings 2, no. 6 (2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2060203.

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40

Kagan, David, and David Atkinson. "The Coefficient of Restitution of Baseballs as a Function of Relative Humidity." Physics Teacher 42, no. 6 (2004): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1790337.

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41

Ijiri, Takashi, Atsushi Nakamura, Akira Hirabayashi, Wataru Sakai, Takeshi Miyazaki, and Ryutaro Himeno. "Automatic spin measurements for pitched Baseballs via consumer-grade high-speed cameras." Signal, Image and Video Processing 11, no. 7 (2017): 1197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-017-1075-x.

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42

Bodin, Kerri, Georgia Teare, Jordan T. Bakhsh, and Marijke Taks. "An Innovative Approach to Increasing Youth Sport Participation: The Case of Baseball5™." Case Studies in Sport Management 10, S1 (2021): S24—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2020-0027.

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Youth sport participation preferences are evolving and shifting toward unorganized, nontraditional types of sport participation. This trend has left more traditional sports with decreasing participation numbers. Baseball Canada noticed a similar trend and therefore implemented an innovative approach to increase interest and participation in baseball. This case study follows Alex, the Manager of Sport Development at Baseball Canada, as they develop and evaluate Baseball5™, an innovative street version of the traditional sport of baseball. This alternative form of baseball needs to be tested and

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43

Miller, Lori K., P. Joanne Rowe, and Jacalyn Lund. "Correlation of Eye Color on Self-Paced and Reactive Motor Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 1 (1992): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.1.91.

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Researchers continue to examine the distinctiveness of motor performance by dark- versus light-eyed individuals. Dark-eyed individuals generally perform better at reactive type tasks (boxing, hitting a ball, defensive positions in football, rotary pursuit), while light-eyed individuals perform better at self-paced tasks (bowling, golf, pitching baseballs). Subjects performed two tasks, rotary pursuit and ball tossing (with light and dark background). Eye color (light or dark) and accuracy of performance were recorded for each subject. No significant difference was found between eye color and p

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44

Smith, Lloyd, and Warren Faber. "The effect of temperature and humidity on the performance of baseballs and softballs." Procedia Engineering 13 (2011): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.05.073.

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45

Chen, Yuan-Shao, Ying-Chieh Kao, Ching-Hui Hsieh, and Chiang Liu. "THE COMPARISON OF PITCHING TRAJECTORY OF NEW-MODEL BASEBALLS WITH AND WITHOUT SPIN." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70592-4.

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46

Yamamoto, Loren G., Alson S. Inaba, Daryl M. Okamura, Julienne A. Yamamoto, and Joelle B. Yamamoto. "Injury Reduction and Bounce Characteristics of Safety Baseballs and Acceptability by Youth Leagues." Clinical Pediatrics 40, no. 4 (2001): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992280104000403.

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47

Johnson, Arthur T. "Regulating the National Pastime: Baseball and Antitrust. By Jerold J. Duquette. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999. 154p. $59.95." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (2001): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401342016.

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Major league baseball, unlike other professional sports in the United States, has been exempt from antitrust laws for nearly a century. The reason lies with early state and federal court decisions, of which the most frequently cited is the Supreme Court's Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League opinion, authored by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1922. Baseball's legal status has been the subject of numerous law review articles and commentaries, historical narratives, and scholarly analyses. Nevertheless, Jerold Duquette claims that there has been no integrated and comprehensive

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48

Link, M. S., B. J. Maron, P. J. Wang, N. G. Pandian, B. A. VanderBrink, and N. A. M. Estes. "Reduced Risk of Sudden Death From Chest Wall Blows (Commotio Cordis) With Safety Baseballs." PEDIATRICS 109, no. 5 (2002): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.5.873.

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49

Classie, Justin A., Laura M. Distel, and James R. Borchers. "Safety Baseballs and Chest Protectors: A Systematic Review on the Prevention of Commotio Cordis." Physician and Sportsmedicine 38, no. 1 (2010): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2010.04.1765.

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50

Polumbaum, Judy. "News for the Culture: Why Editors Put Strong Men Hitting Baseballs on Page One." Newspaper Research Journal 21, no. 2 (2000): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953290002100203.

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Newspaper editors recognize cultural priorities and preoccupations embedded in stories and, to the extent that their judgments embody assessments of audience receptivity, quite consciously act as agents of cultural interpretation and transmission.

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