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1
Sutono, Joko, and Ancella Anitawati Hermawan. "Implementation of credit risk management basel principles (Evaluation Study of an Indonesian Commercial Bank)." Owner 8, no. 2 (2024): 1190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2045.
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The study evaluated the implementation of credit risk management at Bank PQR based on the Basel Principles regarding Management of Credit Risk due to increasing Low-Quality Credit in the last six months. It adopted a case study approach at Bank PQR, one of Indonesia's commercial banks, in the Corporate Segment with total credit reaching 62% of the Bank PQR credit portfolio using a qualitative descriptive method by conducting document analysis and interviews to collect data. The study sample consists of 30 credit-granting proposals of Bank PQR. First, it evaluated the suitability of the Basel Principles with the regulation of the Financial Services Authority, then analyze Bank PQR document, conduct an interview and last evaluated implementation of credit risk management by providing a score of three if suitable and implemented well, two if suitable and not implemented well and one if not suitable. The result shows the implementation is not by the Basel Principles with a final score of 2.58 out of 3, and the main weakness being the inadequacy of the credit risk environment’s development. It recommends the Bank PQR to improve its credit risk environment, such as compliance with regulations, employee training, and implementing good internal controls.
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DJELAILA, ABDELDJALIL, and NADJEM OUAFI. "Mechanisms of managing electronic banking risks in the Algerian banking system." Journal of Economic Growth and Entrepreneurship JEGE 4, no. 1 (2020): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4474315.
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<em>E-banking is a prerequisite in the equation of any banking industry in the world, due to the multiple benefits that it has for the bank and the customer alike, however, with the growth of these electronic banking businesses, the need to manage and monitor their risks has emerged, in order to reduce and control those risks. In order to reconcile achieving the goals of banks on the one hand, and to meet the desires and aspirations of customers on the other hand. This research paper aims to introduce the management of risks related to electronic banking in its international garment, as it seeks to uncover the state of the Algerian banking system and the extent of its conformity with international standards emanating from the Basel Committee, and the study found the weakness of Algerian legislation in this field, with a slow pace with global standards, as recommended With a set of recommendations, such as the need to activate banking supervision of electronic banking, and to benefit from the experiences of some Arab countries</em>
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Karahasanoğlu, Selim. "Ottoman Ego-Documents: State of the Art." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 2 (2021): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000350.
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Research into ego-documents has being going on around the world for several decades, especially in continental Europe. The Dutch historian Jacques Presser, the inventor of the term, used “ego-document” to refer to materials such as diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, and personal letters. The term was first used in the English language by Peter Burke. Some groups of historians, such as the one in Berlin under the leadership of Claudia Ulbrich, prefer to use the term “self-narrative” instead. Kaspar von Greyerz, leader of the Basel team and a leading critic, considers the term “ego-document” an unfortunate one on account of its connotation of Sigmund Freud's concept of ego. He claims that early modern material does not reflect the inner psychological state of the writer but rather the formal, outward facade. Artificial periodization prevents us from understanding the nature and intellectual heritage of the human being. The question is, “What changed with the transition from premodern to modern when suddenly characters started to see themselves as historical figures worth talking about?”
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Kubáňová, Klára. "The new principles in internal audit function in banks: stagnation or step forward?" International and Comparative Law Review 12, no. 2 (2012): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0086.
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Abstract Article reflects the recent developments in the field of internal audits within the banks (the document on the internal audit function in banks issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 2012). It covers the processes of the internal audits, the relations between supervisors and auditors and the main principles covering the internal audits in banks.
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Coufalová, Bronislava. "Criminal Justice rationalization and its possibilities when prosecuting organized crime." International and Comparative Law Review 12, no. 2 (2012): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0087.
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Abstract Article reflects the recent developments in the field of internal audits within the banks (the document on the internal audit function in banks issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 2012). It covers the processes of the internal audits, the relations between supervisors and auditors and the main principles covering the internal audits in banks.
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Solissa, Dian Nuriyah. "KESIAPAN PERBANKAN SYARI’AH DI INDONESIA DALAM PENERAPAN LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO BASEL III." EkBis: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1, no. 2 (2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ekbis.2017.1.2.1025.
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Abstract2008 crisis was hypothetically to be an impact of particular condition in which banking around the countries had the high degree of leverage and decrease the bank capital quality. The other influencing factors are the quality of corporate governance and the quality of risk management. Having seen these challenges, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) published a document of “Basel III: Global Regulatory Framework for More Resilient Banks and Banking Systems” on Desember 2010 as the new initiation.The scopes of Basel III are, (1) Empowering the Global Capital Framework, (2) Recognizing the Global Liquidity. This research works on providing an implementation prospect of global liquidity standard to Indonesian Syariah Banking.The results show that the average of syariah banking LCR has only reached 51,6% that means there must be certain improvement to minimally reach 60% before January 2015 2015. Furthermore, the yearly growth of LCR which stands on 3,22% in average is claimed to be far from the yearly targeted increase whisch is 10%, Thus, this current study suggest syariah banking to put an effort by uplifting the HQLA using the funding strategy to absorb more deposits. Keywords: Basel III, Liquidity Coverage Ratio, Syariah banking
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Ding Xiao Ling, Razali Haron, and Aznan Hasan. "BASEL III CAPITAL REGULATION FRAMEWORK AND ISLAMIC BANK’S RISK." IIUM Law Journal 30, S2 (2022): 93–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v30is2.765.
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Basel III modified the requirements for approving new regulatory capital norms to improve capital quality. Because bank liquidity problems were a defining feature of the crisis, Basel III established new requirement ratios while also tightened capital requirements. The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) was developed to safeguard banks' short-term liquidity, whereas the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is being proposed to strengthen banks' medium- and long-term liquidity shock resilience. As a necessary consequence, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) must issue instruments that satisfy both Basel III and Shari’ah requirements. This study aims to identify the regulatory requirements for Basel III and the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)'s new capital and liquidity rules, as well as the implications for Islamic banks (IB). This study employs a mixed research methodologies approach which includes document analysis of primary and secondary sources, as well as the relevant regulations published by BCBS and IFSB. This study relies on the identification of Standards for each criterion before conducting a systematic review of the 23 publications that meet the study's requirements published between 2013 and 2022. There is a scarcity of Shari’ah-compliant research on capital buffers, tier 1 capital, and common equity tier 1 capital, according to certain findings. Furthermore, the empirical literature suggests that Basel III has a significant impact on the financial risk of the IB sector in the samples collected. However, there is still a significant gap in studies investigating the influence of Basel III/IFSB capital and liquidity regulations on Islamic bank risk, or more precisely, supportive data from empirical investigations. The wealth of research will provide new insights to standard-setters (BCBS and IFSB), regulators, researchers, and academicians.
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Malali, Nihar. "The Role of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in Financial Document Processing: Automating Compliance and Reporting." International Journal of Management Technology 12, no. 3 (2025): 26–46. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijmt.2013/vol12n32646.
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The rapid digitalization of the financial sector has also increased the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) in operations, compliance, and regulatory reporting. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is turning out to be a very prominent AI-driven approach that synergizes retrieval-based and generative models to deliver far better accuracy and efficiency in processing financial documents. Traditional methods for compliance reporting are manual, excruciatingly slow, and vulnerable to human errors, thereby creating a burden of regulatory scrutiny and monetary penalties. By using the power of RAG, financial institutions would automate the encapsulation of relevant information, summarize the sheer volume of regulatory text, and be in a real-time position to comply with ever-changing regulations: IFRS, Basel III, and GDPR. RAG would also provide forensic examination and disparate pattern detection in support of fraud, risk, and due diligence. This paper investigates the role of RAG in the automation of compliance and reporting processes pertaining to financial document processing. It addresses the regulatory compliance challenge, the drawbacks of the traditional document processing approach, and the merits of an AI-based automated approach. A qualitative study of those case studies and industry applications will prove the proposition that RAG enhances financial workflows through lower manual effort, higher data accuracy, and improved decision-making. The paper also discusses strategies for implementation in the context of financial institutions and provides insights into the developments in AI regulation in the future. With the growing embrace of AI-powered alternatives in the financial industry, RAG is an opportunity for game-changing transformation toward optimizing compliance reporting, actualizing risk mitigation, and driving operational efficiencies amid the complexity brought on by the regulatory environment.
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Hasan, A. K. M. Kamrul, and Yasushi Suzuki. "A Critique of Bangladeshi Adoption of Basel Type Capital Regulation: An Institutional View." Financial Internet Quarterly 16, no. 2 (2020): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2020-0012.
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Abstract International concern on bank capital and minimum capital adequacy was first raised in 1980, in the G-10 countries governors meeting at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) to respond to a series of bank failures and financial instability observed in Western developed economies. Later, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) of the BIS proposed the Basel accord I, II and III in 1988, 2004 and 2010, respectively. Bangladesh Bank (BB) has introduced the ‘capital to risk weighted assets’-based approach for assessing the capital adequacy of banks in 1996 and later formally introduced the Basel framework in the early 2000s for its regulated banks. However, during Basel accord II and III implementation period (2009-2018), the banking industry accumulated huge non-performing loans which eroded its profitability. This creates a skepticism regarding any loopholes within the institutions. This paper argues that the naïve and excess reliance on External Credit Assessment Institutions (ECAIs’) credit rating in the process of adopting the Basel-type capital adequacy amounted to a risky strategy for the Bangladeshi banking industry in a sense that ECAIs allocate less efforts on accumulation of credit risk screening skills. We also document that the huge transaction cost and high coupon rate embedded within the debt instrument like the subordinated debt (sub-debt) issued by the regulated banks as Tier 2 capital might shrink the bank’s profitability and its contribution to the national exchequer. Little in the existing literature has been addressed to investigate the adoption of Basel regulations in Bangladesh from the institutional lens. This paper critically reviewed the Bangladeshi ECAIs regulations and sub-debt regulations to fill this research gap.
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Baig, Ahmed S., and Drew B. Winters. "Month-End Regularities in the Overnight Bank Funding Markets." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050204.
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The money market rates in the United States exhibit various calendar patterns that are grounded in institutional and regulatory factors. In this paper, we document a new regularity in the overnight fed funds market. Specifically, we identify patterns of decreased volatility along with consistent and significant month-end rate drops in the fed fund rates. Our findings suggest that short-term liquidity requirements of the Basel III reforms are, in part, responsible for the regularity in fed funds.
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Gusarenko, A. S. "Ситуационно-ориентированные базы данных: обработка гетерогенных документов микросервисов в документо-ориентированном хранилище". МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 10, № 4(39) (2022): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26102/2310-6018/2022.39.4.003.
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The research is focused on a situation-oriented approach to the processing of heterogeneous data obtained from microservices that are widespread due to the implementation of the microservice architecture underlying many information systems. Such information systems are sources of heterogeneous data provided to the user upon request via the Internet. Data in the form of documents is provided by services included in the information system. The volume of such data can be large, and its processing requires specialized technologies available in document-oriented big data storages (SODB). As part of a situationally oriented database, a microservice is implemented that provides data in JSON format through its programming interface. There is a problem of loading and processing large amounts of data in the storage where specialized statistical functions of Map-Reduce are implemented. The manual method of loading and obtaining results for SODB is laborious because it requires the implementation of routine operations for loading data, applying functions to the loaded data, creating functions inside the storage and obtaining results. This task was not considered within the scope of the project on creating situation-oriented databases, and the possibilities for developing specialized elements and methods for processing large-scale heterogeneous data in a hierarchical situational model with the required equipment were not studied. The developed models for processing documents make processing heterogeneous data less laborious and help to create data-driven applications by means of situation-oriented databases in the framework of the introduced data processing model as part of a hierarchical situational model with the involvement of big data processing technologies of specialized document-oriented storages. The proposed tools are examined by the example of the SODB application for solving the problems of course design in the educational process using the developed microservice saturated with heterogeneous data collected while designing a course remotely. Работа сосредоточена на ситуационно-ориентированном подходе к обработке гетерогенных данных, получаемых из микросервисов получивших распространение благодаря реализации микросервисной архитектуры, положенной в основу многих информационных систем. Такие информационные системы являются источниками гетерогенных данных, предоставляемых пользователю по запросу через сеть интернет. Данные в виде документов предоставляются сервисами, входящими в состав информационной системы. Объемы таких данных могут быть велики, а для обработки требуются специализированные технологии, имеющиеся в документо-ориентированных хранилищах больших данных (СОБД). В составе ситуационно-ориентированной базы данных реализован микросервис, предоставляющий через свой программный интерфейс данные в формате JSON. Возникает задача загрузки и обработки больших объемов данных в хранилище, где реализованы специализированные статистические функции Map-Reduce. Ручной способ загрузки и получения результатов для СОБД является трудоемким, так как требуется реализация рутинных операций по загрузке данных, применению функций к загруженным данным, созданию функций внутри хранилища и получению результатов. Данная задача не рассматривалась в рамках проекта создания ситуационно-ориентированных баз данных, а возможности по разработке специализированных элементов и методов обработки гетерогенных данных большого объема в иерархической ситуационной модели с требующимся оснащением не исследовались. Разработанные модели обработки документов делают процесс обработки гетерогенных данных менее трудоемким и позволяют создавать собственные приложения на базе ситуационно-ориентированных баз данных, опираясь на введенную модель обработки данных в составе иерархической ситуационной модели с привлечением технологий обработки больших данных специализированных документо-ориентированных хранилищ. Предложенные средства рассматриваются в примере приложения СОБД для решения задач курсового проектирования в учебном процессе с задействованием разработанного микросервиса, насыщенного гетерогенными данными, собранными в процессе дистанционного курсового проектирования.
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Gładysz, Monika. "Znaczenie agencji oceniających (ratingowych) po wprowadzeniu w 2004 roku przez Komitet Bazylejski Nowej Umowy Kapitałowej." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 52 (April 15, 2004): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2004.52.8.
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Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published in 2004 the New Capital Adequacy Framework. A special importance is assigned in this document to the external assessment agencies. Banks will have to determine the minimum capital requirements on the basis of assessments by the external agencies. The role of the external assessment agencies in the New Capital Adequacy Framework and potential threats and benefits from using by banks the external assessments for determination of the. minimum capital requirements are presented in the paper.
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Amara, Ines, and Hichem Khlif. "Financial crime, corruption and tax evasion: a cross-country investigation." Journal of Money Laundering Control 21, no. 4 (2018): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2017-0059.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the financial crime and tax evasion and tests whether corruption moderates such a relationship. Design/methodology/approach Tax evasion measure is based on Schneider et al. (2010). Financial crime is collected from Basel anti-money laundering (AML) report. Findings Using a sample of 120 countries, the authors find that the level of financial crime is positively associated with tax evasion. When testing for the moderating effect of corruption, they document that the positive relationship between financial crime and tax evasion is more pronounced for high corrupt environments. Originality/value The findings have policy implications for governments aiming to combat tax evasion and financial crimes.
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Mustafa, Omer Allagabo Omer. "Sudanese Banking Sector and Stress Testing." Applied Economics and Finance 10, no. 3 (2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v10i3.6063.
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The repercussions of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis helped to reconsider the foundations used in assessing the banks’ withstand potential crises. In 2009, the BCBS issued a document entitled “Principles for Sound Stress Testing Practices and Supervision” as a basis for early evaluation of the performance of banking institutions and their ability to overcome sudden shocks and crises. The study aims to examine the ability of the Sudanese Banking Sector to pass stress testing and withstand sudden shock in light of the Basel II standards of stress test. The methodology was based on analyzing the performance of Sudan's economy, consolidated balance sheet, and financial soundness indicators of the banking sector (2005-2021). Additionally, it was based on a scenario designed for reverse stress testing (2022-2025). The results show that the Sudanese banking sector failed to bear sudden shocks and pass the stress testing due to its lack of commitment to applying the supervisory standards of Basel II. The war that broke out in the state of Khartoum on April 15, 2023, led to a deterioration in the political and economic conditions. It is expected to reduce the banking sector's power to absorb shocks. The paper recommends the Central Bank of Sudan follow up on the commitment of banks to apply the stress testing and financial soundness standards recommended by Basel II, especially capital adequacy, liquidity requirements, and political risk. Furthermore, the implementation of contractionary monetary policies serves to reduce inflationary pressures, which helps banks avoid credit and market risks.
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Bianchetti, Marco, and Umberto Cherubini. "Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Consultative Document Simplified alternative to the standardised approach to market risk capital requirements - June 2017." Risk Management Magazine 2, no. 2017 (2017): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2020rmm0050.
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Davies, Benjamin K. "Inside Webern's workshop: a glimpse of op.9 no.6 in the making." Tempo, no. 222 (October 2002): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200009190.
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The Webern Collection of the Paul Sacher Stiftung in Basel holds a fair copy of an early version of the Drei Stücke für Streichquartett (1913), comprising the song ‘Schmerz, immer Blick nach über’ together with what later became numbers 1 and 6 of the Sechs Bagatellen op.9. This document is highly interesting on many counts: here I will mainly discuss one, the existence of a discarded ending to the third piece (later op.9 no.6). This passage is heavily blacked-out in mauve pencil in the manuscript, but the notes, dynamics and indications can be discerned with a strong light and magnifying glass.
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Kou, Steven, and Xianhua Peng. "Expected shortfall or median shortfall." Journal of Financial Engineering 01, no. 01 (2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s234576861450007x.
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In a recent consultative document, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision suggests replacing Value-at-Risk (VaR) by expected shortfall (ES) for setting capital requirements for banks' trading books because ES better captures tail risk than VaR. However, besides ES, another risk measure called median shortfall (MS) also captures tail risk by taking into account both the size and likelihood of losses. We argue that MS is a better alternative than ES as a risk measure for setting capital requirements because: (i) MS is elicitable but ES is not; (ii) MS has distributional robustness with respect to model misspecification but ES does not; (iii) MS is easy to implement but ES is not.
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Rahaghi, Franck F., Hassan M. Alnuaimat, Rana L. A. Awdish, et al. "Recommendations for the clinical management of patients receiving macitentan for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): A Delphi consensus document." Pulmonary Circulation 7, no. 3 (2017): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045893217721695.
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In patients treated with macitentan (Opsumit®, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), prevention and/or effective management of treatment-related adverse events may improve adherence. However, management of these adverse events can be challenging and the base of evidence and clinical experience for macitentan is limited. In the absence of evidence, consensus recommendations from physicians experienced in using macitentan to treat PAH may benefit patients and physicians who are using macitentan. Consensus recommendations were developed by a panel of physicians experienced with macitentan and PAH using a modified Delphi process. Over three iterations, panelists developed and refined a series of statements on the use of macitentan in PAH and rated their agreement with each statement on a Likert scale. The panel of 18 physicians participated and developed a total of 118 statements on special populations, add-on therapy, drug–drug interactions, warnings and precautions, hospitalization and functional class, and adverse event management. The resulting consensus recommendations are intended to provide practical guidance on real-world issues in using macitentan to treat patients with PAH.
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Westbomke, Jörg, and Gisbert Dittrich. "Towards an XML-based Implementation of Structured Hypermedia Documents." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 8, no. (10) (2002): 944–56. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-008-10-0944.
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Document structures are a crucial mechanism for the creation and the usability of complex hypermedia documents. They form a possibility to deal with the inherent complexity of such documents and with document structures it is also possible to support the reuse of parts of hypermedia documents. In several theoretical approaches different kinds of document structures have been proposed. For example in the Dexter Hypertext Model or in the hypermedia model developed by Klaus Tochtermann. In the creation process of such hypermedia documents, which is strongly influenced by the offered functionality of the existing editors and tools, only simple kinds of structures could presently be used. Furthermore the use of hypermedia documents is often somehow connected to special system requirements, which makes it difficult to use these documents in a network. Especially the use of such hypermedia documents in the internet with all its different platforms and operating systems still cause many difficulties. The profit of hypermedia documents could obviously be increased, if broad forms of structuring could be used to build hypermedia documents and when these documents fulfill at the time the demands of interoperability and platform independency. This papers presents a contribution to this topic by introducing techniques for the implementation of structured hypermedia documents, which fulfill the demands of system and platform independency. These techniques are consequently based on the Extensible Markup Language. To form the basis for an XML-based implementation of structured hypermedia documents, the concepts of the Tochtermann model were transformed into a XML document type definition. Because we understand the process of creating a hypermedia document as an integrative process, not only the document type definition itself is described, but also the aspects of displaying such a XML-based hypermedia document. Due to the continuous use of XML conform techniques the developed HMDoc hypermedia documents are platform and system independent and can therefore be easily used in networks like the internet.
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Schmidt, Carolin, and Ted Azarmi. "The Impact Of CoCo Bonds On Bank Value And Perceived Default Risk: Insights And Evidence From Their Pioneering Use In Europe." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 6 (2015): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i6.9519.
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Contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds convert to equity during financial distress. They help transfer the responsibility for bearing the costs of poor performance from the taxpayers to the bank owners. Our results are thus relevant for investors, financial decision-makers, and regulators. We analyze the effects of the pioneering use of CoCos in Europe by Lloyds Banking Group in 2009. The bank’s motivation for the issue is explored, considering both its economic situation and the Basel III regulations. We document a reduction in the bank’s market value following the announcement of the intention to issue CoCos. Simultaneously, the credit default swap spread goes up. This study suggests that CoCos can have a negative effect on a bank’s creditworthiness and firm value.
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Reisinger, Elisabeth. "“Some Sort of Machine without a Body”." Studia Musicologica 64, no. 1-2 (2024): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/6.2023.00005.
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AbstractFrom the mid-1950s, Basel harpsichordist Antoinette Vischer (1909–1973) promoted the harpsichord as a modern instrument, commissioning numerous composers to contribute to a new repertoire. To this end, she turned to György Ligeti, who completed Continuum for her in 1968. The composer had already used the harpsichord in ensembles several times, but now he had to think about it in a soloistic function for the first time, starting from a specific performer with her specific instrument. In this paper, I focus on this relationship between composer, performer-commissioner, and instrument, drawing primarily on the correspondence between Ligeti and Vischer preserved at the Paul Sacher Foundation in Basel. These unpublished letters document their collaboration and how both negotiated their artistic positions and aesthetic concepts of the harpsichord as “some sort of machine.” An in-depth analysis of Ligeti and Vischer's exchange about the instrument's peculiarities and performance issues allows us to better understand their self-conception as artists and their ideas of “modernity.” Furthermore, this case study sheds light on a specific period in the history of an instrument that through the efforts of performers like Vischer was transformed from an artifact of the past to an emblem of the present.
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Mayoral, Roberto. "(Official) Sworn Translation and Its Functions." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 46, no. 4 (2000): 300–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.46.4.03may.
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In this study, we wish to examine official translation (termed sworn translation in Spain) from the point of view of the function and the communicative intent of documents which are the subject of this type of translation. The theoretical basis for an unusual approach to official translation is discussed;its aim is to render communication more effective. The theoretical foundations of this study lie in the functional theory of translation as formulated by Christiane Nord as well as a number of concepts from pragmatics deemed compatible with the above model. Judicial and administrative practices are also drawn upon in the discussion. Considering the process of official translation as a sequence of speech acts, as outlined by Alesandro Ferrara, this study describes the various functions within the sequence which are performed by the examples of documents examined (a British birth certificate, a U.S. birth certificate and an academic transcript from the U.S.). In applying the above approach the components of the document are analysed in relation to the addressee. Official translation fulfils a function and adapts itself to a number of conditions all different from those of the original text. The end result is that a considerable part of the information contained in the original document goes unnoticed in the translated document and even makes its understanding difficult, but the application of a strategy of omission of those elements runs counter to the perspective of the addressee (and quite often also that of the customer) and may affect its acceptability and validity.
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Vukčević, Miodrag M. "Turns of the centuries. The Transkribus automated tool for recognition, transcription and translation of handwritten historical documents." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, no. 2 (2020): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00159.vuk.
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Abstract The translation of handwritten historical documents faces many challenges due to variation in the writing style, local language, and an inevitable language change. Even the transliteration from Cyrillic to Latin characters is standardized by the bijective transliteration standard ISO 9. This presentation introduces a number of tools offered by Transkribus for the automated processing of documents, such as Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) and Document Understanding, which are needed for the translation of historical documents. Next to the problem of decoding handwritten documents, written for example in Kurrentschrift using ancient terminology, changed meanings and different spelling have additionally to be considered during the translation of texts from earlier centuries. Resolution strategies on a case study show different methods for ensuring quality translations.
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Kim, Kwang-Hyun, Joung-Mi Choi, and Joon-Ho Lee. "Detecting Harmful Web Documents Based on Web Document Analyses." KIPS Transactions:PartD 12D, no. 5 (2005): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2005.12d.5.683.
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Kosova, Marina. "Development of Theoretical Approaches to Modern Document Studies in Linguistic School of Professor Sofiya P. Lopushanskaya." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (February 2024): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2023.6.5.
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The article presents fundamental positions of the linguistic school by Sofiya P. Lopushanskaya, Professor of Volgograd State University, and describes their theoretical advancement as being applied in the discourse studies on "Document text: history and modern state". It explains that the study of business and administrative communication should be based on a clarified definition of the term document as its main constituent. The major goal of documental linguistics is to process a diverse linguistic analysis, discover objective knowledge and reason linguistic comprehension of the documental nature of communication. Within the framework of this review, some general principles of the document text analysis are presented. Firstly, they are statements on: the unity of the speech-making process approach; the interaction and coordination between language phenomena and speech production processes; extralinguistic determination of the modern document. Secondly, these statements were particularized in the linguistic school of Volgograd State University with the aim of introducing basic approaches to the study of the document text. They involve identifying the research object and its characteristics, analyzing a diverse range of texts to assess the genre and style productivity of the document text equally, and defining linguistic categories that are manifested in textual and lingual specificity. The article presents renewed facts on discursive and linguistic features of modern documents united by such text properties as consistency, structure, locality, peculiarities of the language representation of the author and addressee. It is noted that the text of the document can contain information of various qualitative types (factual, conceptual, subtextual), and it is the main constituent of the documental system and the business and administrative communication act. As the text reflects an objective and social reality, its compositional structure and semantic realization greatly depend on extralinguistic constrains. The profiles of the author (addresser) and addressee are presented as being reconstructed with the detailed observation of multi-level lingual and discursive means. The variability of the addressee profiles (the document text addressability) is presented in models of lexical, style, and text adaptation. The principles and methods of detailed description of the documet text specified in the article open up new opportunities and directions for studying document typology and distinguishing relevant features of the document communication.
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Idrush, G. Mahammad. "Offensive Language and Image Identification on Social Media Based on Text and Image Classification." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 2148–52. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70351.
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A digital signature is like a digital version of a handwritten signature but much more secure. It ensures that digital documents are authentic, unaltered, and genuinely from the sender. Our project, Digital Signature Tool, focuses on creating an easy-to-use application for securely signing and verifying documents. Using advanced cryptographic methods like RSA or ECDSA, the tool allows users to generate and manage private and public keys securely. To sign a document, the sender uses their private key to create a unique digital signature, while the receiver uses the sender’s public key to verify the signature. This process confirms the document's authenticity and ensures it has not been tampered with. The application will integrate essential features, such as secure key management, document signing, and signature verification, all within a user-friendly interface. This project aims to provide individuals and organizations with a reliable solution for protecting their documents and communications, ensuring trust, data integrity, and security in the digital space.
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Dixit, Umesh D., and M. S. Shirdhonkar. "Fingerprint-Based Document Image Retrieval." International Journal of Image and Graphics 19, no. 02 (2019): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467819500086.
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Most of the documents use fingerprint impression for authentication. Property related documents, bank checks, application forms, etc., are the examples of such documents. Fingerprint-based document image retrieval system aims to provide a solution for searching and browsing of such digitized documents. The major challenges in implementing fingerprint-based document image retrieval are an efficient method for fingerprint detection and an effective feature extraction method. In this work, we propose a method for automatic detection of a fingerprint from given query document image employing Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-based features and SVM classifier. In this paper, we also propose and investigate two feature extraction schemes, DWT and Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT)-based Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features for fingerprint-based document image retrieval. The standardized Euclidean distance is employed for matching and ranking of the documents. Proposed method is tested on a database of 1200 document images and is also compared with current state-of-art. The proposed scheme provided 98.87% of detection accuracy and 73.08% of Mean Average Precision (MAP) for document image retrieval.
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Hasan, A. K. M. Kamrul, and Yasushi Suzuki. "“Sub-debt trap”: a real effect of an ill-design adoption of basel accord in the Bangladeshi banking industry." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 8 (2021): 1124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-09-2020-0298.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of basel accord on the Bangladeshi bank performance including Islamic banks and the role of subordinated debt (sub-debt) as basel regulatory capital (BRC). Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted the empirical investigation by adopting a quantitative approach and using the secondary data available in the annual reports of the sample banks between 2009 and 2018. This paper develops an econometric model to compare and analyze the regression result under two states of capital-to-risk adjusted assets ratio (CRAR) with sub-debt and CRAR without sub-debt. This paper analyzes the impact of sub-debt in the largest Islamic bank for the year 2007 as a case study for endorsing the findings. Findings This paper finds that CRAR has positive alignments with return on equity (ROE) and cash dividend when sub-debt is considered as Tier 2 capital. This paper observes that the huge bad loan write-off supports to downsize the asset size thus temporarily enhance the return on assets (ROA). In a nutshell, sub-debt gives banks an ill incentive to disburse steady cash dividends instead of injecting genuine equity capital, encouraging them to take more credit risk. In fact, more private commercial banks (PCBs) issued huge sub-debts between 2009 and 2018 under a unique arrangement, which the authors termed as the “sub-debt trap.” Research limitations/implications This paper draws policy implications for the banking regulator to identify and rectify a systemic problem of the “sub-debt trap” which hinders the regulatory purpose from the implementation of basel accord II and III. A limitation of this study is the authors shed analytical light on Bangladeshi banks, i.e. it a single country analysis which may not be generalized to other developing countries except matching with a similar context. Originality/value The paper contributes to accumulating empirical studies on the effectiveness of basel accord implementation in developing countries. In most of the developing countries, where institutional loopholes are a major concern, the research provides evidence that how weak institutional settings are largely responsible for harvesting the potential benefit from micro-prudential regulation such as the basel accord. To shed analytical light on developing country context, the study document that sub-debt has been instrumentalized to maintain minimum capital ratio and banks managers tends more focus on improving ROE instead of ROA. The findings of the study are supportive to other developing countries where sub-debt considered as BRC and issued through private placement. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first attempt to cast doubt on the impact of sub-debt as a BRC, given the uniqueness of the Bangladeshi banking industry, on the PCBs including Islamic banks.
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R., Kohila* Dr. K. Arunesh. "TEXT MINING: TEXT SIMILARITY MEASURE FOR NEWS ARTICLES BASED ON STRING BASED APPROACH." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 3, no. 7 (2016): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57373.
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Now-a-days, the documents similarity measuring plays an important role in text related researches. There are many applications in document similarity measures such as plagiarism detection, document clustering, automatic essay scoring, information retrieval and machine translation. String Based Similarity, Knowledge Based Similarity and Corpus Based Similarity are the three major approaches proposed by the most of the researchers to solve the problems in document similarity. In this paper, the String Based Similarity measure Term Based algorithm Cosine Similarity is used to measuring the similarity between the documents. The nouns in the documents are extracted and context word synset are also extracted using WordNet. The bigram dataset is created based on Context words. In this proposed method the similarity measure between the documents is measured using cosine similarity algorithm. Preprocessing dataset, context word dataset and bigram dataset are used to measure the similarity. The context word document set measure gives a better similarity than bigram and pre-processing document set.
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Nagesh, Abhishek. "Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB): A Deep Dive into US, UK and EU Rulemaking and Implementation." Indian Journal of Economics and Finance 5, no. 1 (2025): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijef.a2610.05010525.
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The Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) is a comprehensive Basel III framework introduced to overhaul market risk capital requirements during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. The framework includes two main approaches for measuring market risk capital: a more risk-sensitive Internal Models Approach (IMA) for banks that obtain supervisory approval and a revised Standardised Approach (SA) that applies granular risk-weighted sensitivities for all banks. This framework has global significance, and its implementation is underway across major jurisdictions. However, the United States, European Union and United Kingdom have taken somewhat divergent paths and timelines in adopting FRTB, reflecting local regulatory priorities and constraints. This document provides a condensed analysis of FRTB’s framework, comparing US, UK and EU regulatory approaches, methodologies, and model approval processes. It also discusses the anticipated impact on large international banks, including changes in risk-weighted assets and capital requirements. It evaluates whether FRTB’s benefits in risk management and financial stability justify the compliance costs. The findings underscore FRTB’s role in strengthening market risk regulation while highlighting the importance of coordinated implementation and fine-tuning to address industry concerns. Key innovations of FRTB include: desk-level model approvals, a rigorous Profit & Loss Attribution (PLAT) test to ensure model accuracy, a Default Risk Charge (DRC) for jump-to-default risks and capital add-ons for Non-Modellable Risk Factors (NMRFs). Since BCBS finalized FRTB standards (as part of the Basel III “final reforms” in 2017–2019), jurisdictions have moved at different paces to implement them.
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Gamido, Marlon V., Heidilyn V. Gamido, and Daryl James P. Macaspac. "Electronic document management system for local area network-based organizations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 2 (2023): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp1154-1163.
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The paper discusses the design and development of an electronic document management system (EDMS) that prepares documents for sharing and information dissemination. EDMS has to do with capturing, storing, indexing, retrieval, and disposal of documents. The electronic document management system process starts by converting paper document into digital record to efficiently store and organize document in standardized file structure and format, promoting a paper waste reduction in reproducing the document. The EDMS provided an easier way of sharing information with different stakeholders and securing documents according to standardized compliance rules. The developed system has also improved the accessing of vital documents by users since there is real-time information distribution of information and easy searching and retrieving of needed documents.
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Marlon, V. Gamido, V. Gamido Heidilyn, and James P. Macaspac Daryl. "Electronic document management system for local area network-based organizations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 32, no. 2 (2023): 1154–63. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp1154-1163.
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The paper discusses the design and development of an electronic document management system (EDMS) that prepares documents for sharing and information dissemination. EDMS has to do with capturing, storing, indexing, retrieval, and disposal of documents. The electronic document management system process starts by converting paper document into digital record to efficiently store and organize document in standardized file structure and format, promoting a paper waste reduction in reproducing the document. The EDMS provided an easier way of sharing information with different stakeholders and securing documents according to standardized compliance rules. The developed system has also improved the accessing of vital documents by users since there is real-time information distribution of information and easy searching and retrieving of needed documents.
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Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "Business translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 39, no. 1 (1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.39.1.02abu.
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L'article, dont le contenu repose sur l'expérience personnelle de son auteur, explique comment les professionnels du commerce et les traducteurs contribuent à la traduction de documents anglais vers l'arabe. Un important matériel permet de démontrer que la contribution des professionnels est particulièrement importante dans le domaine des équivalences, tandis que celle des traducteurs consiste essentiellement à produire un document qui présente les éléments lexicolo-giques, grammaticaux et stylistiques appropriés. En outre, les traducteurs peuvent également aider les professionnels du commerce au niveau du choix d'équivalents arabes pour de nouveaux termes commerciaux anglais, en utilisant leur connaissance de l'arabe et les lignes de conduite que proposent les organisations linguistiques concernées.
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D’Silva, Suzanne, Neha Joshi, Sudha Rao, Sangeetha Venkatraman, and Seema Shrawne. "Improved Algorithms for Document Classification &Query-based Multi-Document Summarization." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 4 (2011): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.261.
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Dornbierer, Andrew. "Working Paper 41: Targeting unexplained wealth in British Columbia." Basel Institute on Governance Working Papers, no. 41 (October 7, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2022.41.1-48.
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The final recommendation of the Commission of Inquiry into Money Laundering in British Columbia (‘the Commission’) urged the government to legislate an unexplained wealth order (‘UWO’) as part of a wider approach to counter the prevalence of money laundering and proceeds of crime in the province.
 This document analyses the feasibility of this recommendation. It:
 
 briefly explains the concept of unexplained wealth and how it can be targeted through legislative instruments;
 outlines the reasons for which the Commissioner proposed a UWO for British Columbia;
 explains how a UK-style UWO works and assess the probability that a mechanism of this kind would successfully recover unexplained wealth in British Columbia; 
 addresses the constitutional issues that may arise if a UK-style UWO was introduced, as outlined by former Supreme Court Justice, the Honourable Thomas A. Cromwell C.C., in his annexed opinion to the report;
 explains other legislative options that target unexplained wealth (including those in Western Australia and Ireland) and assess their constitutional compatibility and potential effectiveness as compared to a UK-style UWO;
 explores the legal rights issues that may arise if either a UK-style UWO or a traditional UWO was introduced; and
 outlines the legislative safeguards that could be put in place to reduce the risk that any such mechanisms would negatively impact on established legal rights.
 
 This document has been prepared by experts working with the Basel Institute on Governance, an independent not-for-profit organisation dedicated to countering corruption and other financial crimes, and the Vancouver Anti-Corruption Institute, an organisation devoted to anti-corruption efforts and legislative change.
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Kim, Sunhye, and Byungun Yoon. "Multi-document summarization for patent documents based on generative adversarial network." Expert Systems with Applications 207 (November 2022): 117983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117983.
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Shvetsova-Vodka, G. N. "Document classification as a theoretical problem of documentology." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 9 (October 4, 2022): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2022-9-147-168.
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The changes and amendments to the general document classification as a theoretical problem of document studies and documentology, are discussed. The document in the meaning “recorded information” is the subject of classification. The author examines the faceted-block classification of document based on various characteristics united into six clusters: “Types of documents physical carrier”, “Types of documents by document acquisition circumstances”, “Types of documents by information representational and transfer tools (by signative component)”, “Types of documents by information reception (perceptive component)”, “Types of documents by their environmental circumstances”. The document classification within each facet is independent which enables to characterize any document in various parameters. The changes and amendments are made to the general document classification based on increasing number and weight of electronic documents including digital versions of originally non-digital documents. The refined general classification is to facilitate special classification in particular types (classes, groups) of documents. The general document classification is applicable to various scientific disciplines within documentology, and to teaching documentological disciplines.
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Ismail, Ismail. "Meta-Analisis Simulasi Virtual dalam Pembelajaran untuk Mendukung Berpikir Kritis." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 9, no. 2 (2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v9i2.5084.
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This study aims to conduct an analysis based on available data sources (meta-analysis) on the trend of using virtual simulations in learning to support critical thinking. The SCOPUS database was used as the data source in this study. This meta-analysis study was conducted in December 2021 by including the keywords “virtual, simulation, learning, and critical thinking” in the search documents section on the SCOPUS page. In the initial search, 112 documents were found, this includes all “subject areas, documents, and source types” and in the range from 1999 to 2021. Not a single document was found under 1999. The subject areas included are social sciences, computer science, and others (a total of 23 subject areas). Contains 8 documents and source types (articles, conference papers, book chapters, and others). The results are documented in (.csv) and (.ris) files. The files are processed using Microsoft Excel for document graphic visualization by year, print screens of SCOPUS data sources for document types and subject areas, and comprehensive analysis of quantitative data displayed on SCOPUS data sources. Finally, the results in this study show that the research trend of virtual simulation in learning to support critical thinking has penetrated in many fields. The assessment of SCOPUS primary data sources shows journal articles as the most “document and source type” (50%) followed by conference papers and others. In addition, social science is the most document “subject area” (28.2%) followed by computer science and others.
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Abhishek, Nagesh. "Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB): A Deep Dive into US, UK and EU Rulemaking and Implementation." Indian Journal of Economics and Finance (IJEF) 5, no. 1 (2025): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijef.A2610.05010525.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>The Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) is a comprehensive Basel III framework introduced to overhaul market risk capital requirements in the wake of the 2007– 2009 financial crisis. . The framework includes two main approaches for measuring market risk capital: a more risksensitive Internal Models Approach (IMA) for banks that obtain supervisory approval and a revised Standardized Approach (SA) that applies granular risk-weighted sensitivities for all banks. This framework has global significance and its implementation is underway across major jurisdictions. However, the United States, European Union and United Kingdom have taken somewhat divergent paths and timelines in adopting FRTB reflecting local regulatory priorities and constraints. This document provides a condensed analysis of FRTB’s framework comparing US, UK and EU regulatory approaches, methodologies and model approval processes. It also discusses the anticipated impact on large international banks - including changes in risk-weighted assets and capital requirements and evaluates whether FRTB’s benefits in risk management and financial stability justify the compliance costs. The findings underscore FRTB’s role in strengthening market risk regulation while highlighting the importance of coordinated implementation and fine-tuning to address industry concerns. Key innovations of FRTB include: desk-level model approvals, a rigorous Profit & Loss Attribution (PLAT) test to ensure model accuracy, a Default Risk Charge (DRC) for jumpto-default risks and capital add-ons for Non-Modellable Risk Factors (NMRFs). Since BCBS finalized FRTB standards (as part of the Basel III “final reforms” in 2017–2019) [5], jurisdictions have moved at different paces to implement them.
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Abhishek, Nagesh. "Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB): A Deep Dive into US, UK and EU Rulemaking and Implementation." Indian Journal of Economics and Finance (IJEF) 5, no. 1 (2025): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijef.A2610.05010525/.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract: </strong>The Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) is a comprehensive Basel III framework introduced to overhaul market risk capital requirements during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. The framework includes two main approaches for measuring market risk capital: a more risk-sensitive Internal Models Approach (IMA) for banks that obtain supervisory approval and a revised Standardised Approach (SA) that applies granular risk-weighted sensitivities for all banks. This framework has global significance, and its implementation is underway across major jurisdictions. However, the United States, European Union and United Kingdom have taken somewhat divergent paths and timelines in adopting FRTB, reflecting local regulatory priorities and constraints. This document provides a condensed analysis of FRTB’s framework, comparing US, UK and EU regulatory approaches, methodologies, and model approval processes. It also discusses the anticipated impact on large international banks, including changes in risk-weighted assets and capital requirements. It evaluates whether FRTB’s benefits in risk management and financial stability justify the compliance costs. The findings underscore FRTB’s role in strengthening market risk regulation while highlighting the importance of coordinated implementation and fine-tuning to address industry concerns. Key innovations of FRTB include: desk-level model approvals, a rigorous Profit & Loss Attribution (PLAT) test to ensure model accuracy, a Default Risk Charge (DRC) for jump-to-default risks and capital add-ons for Non-Modellable Risk Factors (NMRFs). Since BCBS finalized FRTB standards (as part of the Basel III “final reforms” in 2017–2019) [5], jurisdictions have moved at different paces to implement them.
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Silva, Gabriel Pereira e., Rafael Lins, Brenno Miro, Steven Simske, and Marcelo Thielo. "Automatically Deciding if a Document was Scanned or Photographed." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 15, no. (18) (2009): 3364–75. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-015-18-3364.
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Portable digital cameras are being used widely by students and professionals in different fields as a practical way to digitize documents. Tools such as PhotoDoc enable the batch processing of such documents, performing automatic border removal and perspective correction. A PhotoDoc processed document and a scanned one look very similar to the human eye if both are in true color. However, if one tries to automatically binarize a batch of documents digitized from portable cameras compared to scanners, they have different features. The knowledge of their source is fundamental for successful processing. This paper presents a classification strategy to distinguish between scanned and photographed documents. Over 16,000 documents were tested with a correct classification rate of over 99.96%.
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et al., Nohuddin. "Content analytics based on random forest classification technique: An empirical evaluation using online news dataset." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.02.011.
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In this paper, a study is established for exploiting a document classification technique for categorizing a set of random online documents. The technique is aimed to assign one or more classes or categories to a document, making it easier to manage and sort. This paper describes an experiment on the proposed method for classifying documents effectively using the decision tree technique. The proposed research framework is a Document Analysis based on the Random Forest Algorithm (DARFA). The proposed framework consists of 5 components, which are (i) Document dataset, (ii) Data Preprocessing, (iii) Document Term Matrix, (iv) Random Forest classification, and (v) Visualization. The proposed classification method can analyze the content of document datasets and classifies documents according to the text content. The proposed framework use algorithms that include TF-IDF and Random Forest algorithm. The outcome of this study benefits as an enhancement to document management procedures like managing documents in daily business operations, consolidating inventory systems, organizing files in databases, and categorizing document folders.
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Bafna, Prafulla, Dhanya Pramod, Shailaja Shrwaikar, and Atiya Hassan. "Semantic key phrase-based model for document management." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 6 (2019): 1709–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2018-0102.
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Purpose Document management is growing in importance proportionate to the growth of unstructured data, and its applications are increasing from process benchmarking to customer relationship management and so on. The purpose of this paper is to improve important components of document management that is keyword extraction and document clustering. It is achieved through knowledge extraction by updating the phrase document matrix. The objective is to manage documents by extending the phrase document matrix and achieve refined clusters. The study achieves consistency in cluster quality in spite of the increasing size of data set. Domain independence of the proposed method is tested and compared with other methods. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a synset-based phrase document matrix construction method is proposed where semantically similar phrases are grouped to reduce the dimension curse. When a large collection of documents is to be processed, it includes some documents that are very much related to the topic of interest known as model documents and also the documents that deviate from the topic of interest. These non-relevant documents may affect the cluster quality. The first step in knowledge extraction from the unstructured textual data is converting it into structured form either as term frequency-inverse document frequency matrix or as phrase document matrix. Once in structured form, a range of mining algorithms from classification to clustering can be applied. Findings In the enhanced approach, the model documents are used to extract key phrases with synset groups, whereas the other documents participate in the construction of the feature matrix. It gives a better feature vector representation and improved cluster quality. Research limitations/implications Various applications that require managing of unstructured documents can use this approach by specifically incorporating the domain knowledge with a thesaurus. Practical implications Experiment pertaining to the academic domain is presented that categorizes research papers according to the context and topic, and this will help academicians to organize and build knowledge in a better way. The grouping and feature extraction for resume data can facilitate the candidate selection process. Social implications Applications like knowledge management, clustering of search engine results, different recommender systems like hotel recommender, task recommender, and so on, will benefit from this study. Hence, the study contributes to improving document management in business domains or areas of interest of its users from various strata’s of society. Originality/value The study proposed an improvement to document management approach that can be applied in various domains. The efficacy of the proposed approach and its enhancement is validated on three different data sets of well-articulated documents from data sets such as biography, resume and research papers. These results can be used for benchmarking further work carried out in these areas.
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Jia, Lianyin, Dongyang Li, Haihe Zhou, and Fengling Xia. "Efficient List Intersection Algorithm for Short Documents by Document Reordering." Mathematics 12, no. 9 (2024): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12091328.
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List intersection plays a pivotal role in various domains such as search engines, database systems, and social networks. Efficient indexes and query strategies can significantly enhance the efficiency of list intersection. Existing inverted index-based algorithms fail to utilize the length information of documents and require excessive list intersections, resulting in lower efficiency. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose the LDRpV (Length-based Document Reordering plus Verification) algorithm. LDRpV filters out documents that are unlikely to satisfy the intersection results by reordering documents based on their length, thereby reducing the number of candidates. Additionally, to minimize the number of list intersection operations, an intersection and verification strategy is designed, where only the first m lists are intersected, and the resulting candidate set is directly verified. This approach effectively improves the efficiency of list intersection. Experimental results on four real datasets demonstrate that LDRpV can achieve a maximum efficiency improvement of 46.69% compared to the most competitive counterparts.
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Drulis, Priscilla Basmage Lemos, Crys Michelly de Oliveira Dutra, Antonio Sales, and Luciana Paes de Andrade. "O Ensino de Ciências na Educação Infantil: Projeto Político Pedagógico e Discussões Fundamentadas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 22, no. 5 (2021): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2021v22n5p643-649.
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ResumoO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar três Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos, e utiliza como fundamento a Base Nacional Comum Curricular mediante conhecimentos em Ciências da Natureza na etapa de ensino da Educação Infantil, Grupos 4 e 5 (pré-escola), da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Campo Grande - MS. A discussão ocorre por meio da apreciação dos dados coletados nos documentos, elaboração de um parecer analítico de cada proposta das três escolas investigadas, a fim de verificar como ocorre o ensino em Ciências Naturais e como os conhecimentos são organizados nas propostas pedagógicas examinadas. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa, de cunho documental, fundamentada nos eixos estruturantes das práticas pedagógicas, interações e brincadeiras, assegurando os direitos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, estruturados em cinco campos de experiências, no referido documento recém-publicado, no âmbito do qual define os objetivos de aprendizagem. Foi possível constatar que a proposta apresentada na Base possibilita a construção de conceitos, no que se refere à apropriação de conhecimentos científicos, por meio dos direitos de aprendizagem. Os resultados da análise evidenciaram que um dos documentos identificou, em sua proposta, consonância com o documento nacional promovendo, assim, maiores possibilidades de vivências no ensino de Ciências na etapa de ensino da Educação Infantil. Palavras-chave: Análise Documental. Ciências da Natureza. Currículo. AbstractThis article aims to analyze three Political Pedagogical Projects, and uses the Common National Core as a foundation through knowledge in Natural Sciences in the teaching stage of Childhood Education, Groups 4 and 5 (pre-school), from Municipal Education Network of Campo Grande - MS. The discussion occurs through the appreciation of the data collected in the documents, the elaboration of an analytical opinion of each proposal of the three schools investigated, in order to verify how the teaching in natural sciences takes place and how knowledge is organized in the pedagogical proposals examined. The research approach is qualitative, of documentary nature, based on the structuring axes of pedagogical practices, interactions and play, ensuring the rights of learning and development, structured in five fields of experiences, in the recently published document, within which they define learning objectives. It was possible to verify that the proposal presented in the Core allows the concepts construction, concerning the appropriation of scientific knowledge, through learning rights. The results of the analysis showed that one of the documents identified in its proposal is in line with the national document, thus promoting greater possibilities of experiences in the teaching of science in the childhood education stage. Keywords: Document Analysis. Natural Sciences. Curriculum.
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Kumari, Lalitha, and Ch Satyanarayana. "An novel cluster based feature selection and document classification model on high dimension trec data." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (2017): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10146.
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TREC text documents are complex to analyze the features its relevant similar documents using the traditional document similarity measures. As the size of the TREC repository is increasing, finding relevant clustered documents from a large collection of unstructured documents is a challenging task. Traditional document similarity and classification models are implemented on homogeneous TREC data to find essential features for document entities that are similar to the TREC documents. Also, most of the traditional models are applicable to limited text document sets for text analysis. The main issues in the traditional text mining models in TREC repository include :1) Each document is represented in vector form with many sparsity values 2) Failed to find the document semantic similarity between the intra and inter clusters 3) High mean squared error rate. In this paper, novel feature selection based clustered and classification model is proposed on large number of different TREC repositories. Traditional latent Semantic Indexing and document clustering models are failed to find the topic relevance on large number of TREC clinical text document sets due to computational memory and time. Proposed document feature selection and clustered based classification model is applied on TREC clinical benchmark datasets. From the experimental results, it is proved that the proposed model is efficient than the existing models in terms of computational memory, accuracy and error rate are concerned.
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"The business opportunity of Basel 2 (Basel Capital Accord and document storage)." Strategic Direction 23, no. 6 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd.2007.05623fad.010.
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Zijderveld, Roberto Virreira. "BCBS IRRBB pillar 2: The new standard for the banking industry." Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, August 1, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/ddkm1652.
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This paper analyses the updated Basel Standards for the Management of interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) focusing on three technical issues: capital, metrics and assumptions. It presents the current thinking on these topics and their linkages with two new principles incorporated by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in the new document: governance of assumptions and external disclosures.
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Mun, Johnathan. "Monte Carlo Simulation with Mathematical Convolution of Frequency and Severity Distributions in Operational Risk Capital Model in the Basel Accords." Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, January 10, 2022, 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamcs/2022/v37i130426.
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In October 2014, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision released a Basel Consultative Document entitled, “Operational Risk: Revisions to the Simpler Approaches,” and in it describes operational risk as “the sum product of frequency and severity of risk events within a one-year time frame and defines the Operational Capital at Risk (OPCAR) as the tail-end 99.9% Value at Risk (VaR)” [1]. The Basel Consultative Document describes a Single Loss Approximation (SLA) model defined as \(F_{S}^{-1}(p)=F_{X}^{-1}\left[1-\frac{1-p}{\lambda}\right]+(\lambda-1) E[X]\), where the inverse of the compound distribution \(F_{S}^{-1}\) is the summation of the unexpected losses \(U L=F_{X}^{-1}\left[1-\frac{1-p}{\lambda}\right]\) and expected losses \(E L=(\lambda-1) E[X] ; \lambda\) is the Poisson distribution’s input parameter (average frequency per period; in this case, 12 months); and \(X\) represents one of several types of continuous probability distributions representing the severity of the losses (e.g., Pareto, Log Logistic, etc.). The Document further states that this is an approximation model limited to subexponential-type distributions only and is fairly difficult to compute. The distribution’s cumulative distribution function (CDF) will need to be inverted using Fourier transform methods, and the results are only approximations based on a limited set of inputs and their requisite constraints. Also, as discussed, the SLA model proposed in the Basel Consultative Document significantly underestimates OPCAR. The OPCAR methodology estimates a bank’s operational risk capital through the convolution of a single severity distribution and a single frequency distribution. Each bank’s OPCAR estimate was assumed to refer to a unique operational risk category, having a specific aggregated frequency and severity of losses [1].
 The concept of significant loss events attributed to operational risk was introduced in the Basel II-IV accords by the Bank of International Settlements. Loss processes that contribute most to capital risk, the so-called high-consequence, low-frequency loss processes, with heavy-tailed loss process modeling where implications of such tail assumptions for the severity risk model is important in operational risk [2].
 This paper provides a new and alternative convolution methodology to compute OPCAR that is applicable across a large variety of continuous probability distributions for risk severity and includes a comparison of their results with Monte Carlo risk simulation methods. As will be shown, both the new algorithm using numerical methods to model OPCAR and the Monte Carlo risk simulation approach tends to the same results and seeing that simulation can be readily and easily applied in the CMOL software and Risk Simulator software, simulation methodologies should be used for the sake of simplicity. While the Basel Committee has, throughout its Basel II-IV requirements and recommendations, sought after simplicity so as not to burden banks with added complexity, it still requires sufficient rigor and substantiated theory. Monte Carlo risk simulation methods pass the test on both fronts and are, hence, the recommended path when modeling OPCAR.
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Neisen, Martin, and Hermann Schulte-Mattler. "Revised partial use: Banking supervision on the right track." Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, December 1, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/inpd3577.
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The new partial use philosophy of the European Banking Authority (EBA) could be the first step towards revitalising the internal ratings-based approach (IRBA) in the area of credit risk. Banks currently using or that wish to use the IRBA will benefit from the greater flexibility and foreseen cost reductions. As part of the Basel III finalising postcrisis reforms document — often referred to as Basel IV — the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) fundamentally changes the requirements on the parallel use of the IRBA and the standardised approach for credit risk and gives banks much more flexibility in the adequate application of both approaches. The EBA supports this change in a paper on the implementation of Basel IV, published in August 2019 (EBA-Op-2019-09a). The new supervisory view of the partial use could be the first step towards reviving the IRBA. It will bring about a sustained improvement in banks’ risk management in the important area of credit risk, as more risk-sensitive estimation methods are used.