Academic literature on the topic 'Bases(Chemistry)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bases(Chemistry)"

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Yeston, J. "CHEMISTRY: Spinning Bases." Science 322, no. 5907 (December 5, 2008): 1437c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.322.5907.1437c.

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Yeston, J. S. "CHEMISTRY: Bimetallic Bases." Science 308, no. 5724 (May 13, 2005): 929a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.308.5724.929a.

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Tramontini, Maurilio, Luigi Angiolini, and Nadia Ghedini. "Mannich bases in polymer chemistry." Polymer 29, no. 5 (May 1988): 771–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(88)90132-2.

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BRAUNITZER, Gerhard, and Felix HUBER. "Chemistry of Gas-Phase Sequencing: Alternative Bases." Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 368, no. 1 (January 1987): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bchm3.1987.368.1.195.

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Power, Mark, Emma Alcock, and Gerard P. McGlacken. "Organolithium Bases in Flow Chemistry: A Review." Organic Process Research & Development 24, no. 10 (April 30, 2020): 1814–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00090.

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Bendall, Victor I., and Robert Roe. "Chemistry: Stoichiometry and Chemistry: Acids and Bases ( Frazin, J. and partners)." Journal of Chemical Education 63, no. 8 (August 1986): A204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed063pa204.

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Rudrapal, Mithun. "Chemistry and Biological Importance of Heterocyclic Schiff’s Bases." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3, no. 3 (January 10, 2013): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2013/3996.

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Rudrapal, Mithun. "Chemistry and Biological Importance of Heterocyclic Schiff’s Bases." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3, no. 3 (January 10, 2014): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2014/3996.

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Tramontini, Maurilio, and Luigi Angiolini. "Further advances in the chemistry of mannich bases." Tetrahedron 46, no. 6 (January 1990): 1791–837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89752-0.

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Hulanicki, A., and J. Kragten. "Reactions of acids and bases in analytical chemistry." Analytica Chimica Acta 208 (1988): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80773-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bases(Chemistry)"

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Drechsler, Michal. "Models in chemistry education : A study of teaching and learning acids and bases in Swedish upper secondary schools." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-783.

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This thesis reports an investigation of how acid-base models are taught and understood in Swedish upper secondary school. The definition of the concepts of acids and bases has evolved from a phenomenological level to an abstract (particle) level. Several models of acids and bases are introduced in Swedish secondary school. Among them an ancient model, the Arrhenius model and the Brønsted model. The aim of this study was to determine how teachers handle these models in their teaching. Further, to investigate Swedish upper secondary students’ ideas about the role of chemistry models, in general, and more specific, of models of acids and bases. The study consisted of two parts. First, a study was performed to get an overview of how acids and bases are taught and understood in Swedish upper secondary schools. It consisted of three steps: (i) the most widely used chemistry textbooks for upper secondary school in Sweden were analysed, (ii) six chemistry teachers were interviewed, and, (iii) finally also seven upper secondary school students were interviewed. The results from this study were used in the second part which consisted of two steps: (i) nine chemistry teachers were interviewed regarding their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of teaching acids and bases, and (ii) a questionnaire was administered among chemistry teachers of 441 upper secondary schools in Sweden. The results from the interviews show that only a few teachers chose to emphasise the different models of acids and bases. Most of the teachers thought it was sufficient to distinguish clearly between the phenomenological level and the particle level. In the analysis of the questionnaire three subgroups of teachers were identified. Swedish upper secondary chemistry teachers, on the whole, had a strong belief in the Brønsted model of acids and bases. However, in subgroup one (47 %) teachers’ knowledge of how the Brønsted model differs from older models was limited and diverse. Teachers in subgroup two (38 %) and three (15 %) seemed to understand the differences between the Brønsted model and older models, but teachers in subgroup 2 did not explain the history of the development of acids and bases in their teaching. Instead they (as teachers in subgroup one) relied more on the content in the textbooks than teachers in the third subgroup. Implications for textbook writers, teaching, and further research are discussed.

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Drechsler, Michal. "Models in chemistry education : a study of teaching and learning acid and bases in Swedish upper secondary schools /." Karlstad : Faculty of Technology and Science, Chemistry, Karlstad University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-783.

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Ward, Nathan Andrew. "Resurrection of Organophosphorus-Aged Acetylcholinesterase via Mannich Bases Derived from Proline." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565714137331736.

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Joubert, Corli. "Heterogenization of Schiff base complexes on mesoporous silica and their application as catalysts in the oxidative transformation of alcohols." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79979.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis the synthesis of a range of model and siloxane functionalized salicylaldimine ligands and [N-(n-propyl)-(2-pyridyl)] diimine ligands are described. The functionalized ligands were obtained by the reaction of salicylaldehyde and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde with 3-aminopropyltriethyoxysilane. All ligands were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The salicylaldimine ligands were reacted with either Cu(II) or Pd(II) salts to form both the model and functionalized Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes. The Cu(II) complexes were characterized using FT-IR, EPR and UV-VIS spectroscopy while the Pd(II) complexes were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The diimine ligands were reacted with Cu(II) salts to form functionalized pyridinyl complexes which were characterized used FT-IR spectroscopy. Two mesoporous silica supports, MCM-41 and SBA-15 were synthesized. The siloxane functionalized salicylaldimine Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes were immobilized onto these supports to produce heterogenized catalysts. These catalysts were characterized using a range of solid-state techniques: BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), ICP-AES, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The powder XRD and SEM analysis showed that the structural integrity of the catalyst supports was kept intact during the immobilization process. BET analysis and ICP-AES showed that the complexes had been attached to the silica supports. Both the model complexes and heterogenized catalyst systems were tested in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. The model copper catalyst showed high activity in this reaction with molecular oxygen used as oxidant and the (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl radical as co-oxidant. The immobilized copper complexes showed low activity in the same reaction. This was attributed to steric hindrance around the active site dye to its entrapment with the silica matrix thus hindering the formation of a key intermediate in the oxidation cycle due to steric hindrance. The palladium complexes were not active in the oxidation reaction when molecular oxygen was used as oxidant, but showed slight activity when hydrogen peroxide was used.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die sintese van ‘n reeks model sowel as gefunksioneerde salisielaldemien ligande en [N-(n-propiel)-(2-piridiel)] di-imien ligande beskryf. Die gefunksioneerde ligande is verkry deur die reaksie van salisielaldehied en en 2-piridienaldehied met 3-aminopropieltriëtoksiesilaan. Al die ligande is gekarakteriseer deur FT-IR en 1H-KMR spektroskopie. Die salisielaldimien ligande is met óf Cu(II) óf Pd(II) soute reageer om beide die model en gefunksioneerde Cu(II) en Pd(II) komplekse te vorm. Die Cu(II) komplekse is gekarakteriseer deur FT-IR, EPR en UV-Vis spektroskopie terwyl die Pd(II) komplekse deur FT-IR, 1H-KMR en 13C{1H}-KMR spektroskopie gekarakteriseer is. Die di-imien ligande is met Cu(II) soute reageer om gefunksioneerde piridinielkompekse te vorm wat deur FT-IR spektroskopie gekarakteriseer is. Twee mesoporeuse silika draers, MCM-41 en SBA-15 is gesintetiseer. Die siloksaan-gefunksioneerde salisielaldemien Cu(II) en Pd(II) komplekse is op hierdie draers geimobiliseer om geheterogeniseerde katalisatore te vorm. Hierdie katalisatore is gekarakteriseer deur van ‘n wye reeks vaste toestand tegnieke gebruik te maak: BET stikstof adsorpsie/desorpsie, skandeer elektron mikroskopie (SEM), termiese gravimetriese analise (TGA), ICP-AES en poeier-XRD analise. Die poeier-XRD en SEM analisies het aangetoon dat die strukturele integriteit van die katalisator draers behoue gebly het tydens die immobiliseringsproses. BET analise en ICP-AES het aangetoon dat die komplekse aan die silika draers geheg is. Beide die model komplekse en geimobiliseerde katalisators is getoets in die oksidasie van bensielalkohol na bensaldehied. Die model Cu(II) katalisator het hoë aktiwiteit in hierdie reaksie getoon met molekulêre suurstof as oksideermiddel en die (2,2,6,6-tetrametielpipiridien-1-iel)oksiel radikaal as ko-oksideermiddel. Die geimobiliseerde Cu(II) komplekse het lae aktiwiteit in dieselfde reaksie getoon. Dit is toegeskryf aan steriese hindernis rondom die aktiewe sentrum as gevolg van die verstrikking binne die silika matrys, wat die vorming van ‘n belangrike tussentoestand in die oksidasie-siklus verhinder. Die Pd(II) komplekse was nie aktief in die oksidasie-reaksie in die geval waar molekulêre suurstof as oksideermiddel gebruik is nie, maar het effense aktiwiteit getoon waneer waterstofperoksied gebruik is.
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Schoeman, Jakob Johannes. "Electrodialysis of salts, acids and bases by electro-osmotic pumping." Thesis, Pretoria: [s.n.], 1992. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03092010-090836/.

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Yuen, Lao-Duien. "Part I. Studies involving the formation of pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate Schiff bases and their zinc(II) complexes ; Part II. Activity of partly metallated polymer in the decarboxylation of oxalacetic acid /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825075348.

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Gondin, Carolyne de Oliveira. "Sequência didática para o ensino de ácidos e bases: da experimentação ao jogo numa abordagem contextualizada." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2478.

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Acompanha: Sequência didática - Ensino de ácidos e bases: da experimentação ao jogo numa abordagem contextualizada
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição de uma sequência didática, para a aprendizagem de estudantes, no ensino de funções ácidos e bases, em que se utilizou da experimentação, e, de um jogo, numa abordagem contextualizada. A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa de natureza interpretativa, com observação participante, de sua natureza aplicada. Participaram da pesquisa, 26 estudantes, do primeiro ano do ensino médio, do turno matutino, de um colégio da rede estadual de ensino da Região Centro Sul do Paraná, Brasil. A análise de dados foi realizada, a partir de categorias, e subcategorias, estratificadas do conteúdo das respostas dos estudantes, no programa MAXQDA. A análise e interpretação, dos dados foram realizadas a partir do desenvolvimento da sequência didática, que integrou diferentes atividades, em oito momentos, articulada desde uma experimentação problematizadora, a um jogo didático, numa abordagem contextualizada. Indicou contribuições da atividade experimental problematizadora, como uma estratégia eficiente, para problematização, contextualização, e, o estímulo a questionamentos de investigação. Possibilitou a realização de discussões, reflexão, registros, e, levantamento de hipóteses a respeito do tema, que foram fundamentais para geração de dados, a respeito das concepções iniciais dos estudantes, sobre ácidos e bases. Despertou a curiosidade dos estudantes para os acontecimentos experimentais, fazendo com que agissem como protagonistas na construção de seu conhecimento na busca de respostas, numa atitude cientifica. O desenvolvimento do jogo didático elaborado estimulou de forma unânime a motivação dos estudantes, potencializou o interesse, a curiosidade, participação ativa nas atividades, melhorando o relacionamento entre estudantes, e como consequência a evolução conceitual, social e emocional. De forma geral, a sequência didática, contribuiu para que os estudantes estabelecessem relações entre os conteúdos científicos de ácidos e base, e o seu contexto, sendo instigados na busca pelo saber. De forma que, foi possível observar contribuições nas dimensões de abrangência conceitual, procedimental, e atitudinal, previstas nas intenções educacionais.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the contribution of a didactic sequence for the learning of students in the teaching of acid functions and bases, in which experimentation and a game in a contextualized approach were used. The methodological approach was qualitative of an interpretative nature, with participant observation, of its applied nature. Twenty-six students participated in the study, from the first grade of high school, of the morning term, of a state school in the Southern Center Region of Paraná, Brazil. The data analysis was carried out, from categories, and subcategories, stratified of the content of the students' answers, in the MAXQDA program. The analysis and interpretation of the data were obtained from the development of the didactic sequence, which integrated different activities, in eight moments, articulated from a problematizing experimentation, to a didactic game, in a contextualized approach. It indicated contributions of problematizing experimental activity, as an efficient strategy, for problematization, contextualization, and the stimulation of research questions. It made possible the accomplishment of discussions, reflection, registers, and hypotheses about the subject, which were fundamental for data generation, regarding the initial conceptions of the students about acids and bases. It aroused the curiosity of the students for the experimental events, causing them to act as protagonists in the construction of their knowledge in the search for answers in a scientific attitude. The development of the elaborated didactic game unanimously stimulated students' motivation, enhanced interest, curiosity and active participation in activities, improving students’ relationships and as consequence a conceptual, social and emotional evolution has arisen. In general, the didactic sequence contributed to the students establishing relationships between the scientific contents of acids and base and their context, being instigated in the search for knowledge. Thus, it was possible to observe contributions in the dimensions of conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal scope, foreseen in educational intentions.
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Carvalho, Vítor Alexandre Nunes de. "Efeito da oxidação eletroquímica e da irradiação ultravioleta na formação de biomoléculas a partir do tiocianato de amônio em condições pré-bióticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-23102018-155416/.

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Desde o clássico experimento de Miller em 1953 evidenciando a formação de aminoácidos em condições de Terra primitiva, a química do período pré-biótico ainda é muito discutida. Cita-se, por exemplo, o papel da teoria sulfociânica, que descreve a origem de moléculas orgânicas a partir de compostos contendo enxofre, como o tiocianato de amônio (NH4SCN). Neste contexto, essa Tese aborda um estudo sobre a investigação do NH4SCN em condições pré-bióticas. Para isso, experimentos de oxidação eletroquímica e de irradiação ultravioleta (UV) em amostras contendo NH4SCN em diferentes condições experimentais foram conduzidos. Por eletroquímica acoplada à espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho (FTIR in situ), identificou-se como o primeiro produto da oxidação do NH4SCN, o dímero tiocianogênio (SCN)2, que é um reconhecido precursor dos oligômeros do período pré-biótico. Em contrapartida, a irradiação UV do NH4SCN levou a formação de enxofre ortorrômbico (S8) e das bases nitrogenadas 4-(3H)-pirimidinona, citosina, purina e adenina, além de outras moléculas. Provavelmente, o cianeto de hidrogênio (HCN) é um dos precursores das biomoléculas supracitadas, contrariando uma possível rota via (SCN)2. Os resultados desse estudo também reforçam a hipótese de que não há formação direta de aminoácidos por irradiação do NH4SCN. Desta forma, propõe-se aqui que a formação dos blocos do DNA, as bases nitrogenadas, também possa ser inserida no contexto da teoria sulfociânica.
Since the classic Miller experiment in 1953 evidencing the amino acids formation under early Earth conditions, the chemistry of the prebiotic period is still very discussed. It is cited, for example, the role of sulfocyanic theory, which describes the origin of organic molecules from sulfur-containing compounds such as ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). In this context, this thesis shows a study about the investigation of NH4SCN in prebiotic conditions. Thereby, experiments of electrochemical oxidation and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were carried out with samples containing NH4SCN in different experimental conditions. By using electrochemistry coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR in situ), the dimer thiocyanogen (SCN)2 was identified as the first oxidation product of NH4SCN, which is a recognized precursor of the oligomers from prebiotic period. In counterpart, UV irradiation of the NH4SCN led to the formation of orthorhombic sulfur (S8) and the nitrogenous bases 4-(3H)-pyrimidinone, cytosine, adenine and purine, besides other molecules. Probably, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is one of the precursors of the biomolecules abovementioned, contradicting a possible route via (SCN)2. The results of this study also reinforce the hypothesis that there is no direct formation of amino acids by irradiation of NH4SCN. Thus, it is proposed here that the formation of DNA blocks, the nitrogenous bases, can also be inserted in the context of sulfocyanic theory.
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Langaro, Eloise Aparecida. "Cimento álcali ativado a partir da valorização da escória de alto forno a carvão vegetal." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1891.

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Enquanto que na produção do cimento Portland é feita a extração de matérias-primas não renováveis e o lançamento de CO2 de forma excessiva; a fabricação dos cimentos álcali ativados não envolve a calcinação dos materiais e pode utilizar como matéria-prima subprodutos da indústria. Nesse contexto, os cimentos álcali ativados surgem como uma nova classe de materiais aglomerantes de bom desempenho e baixo impacto ambiental, os quais podem ser sintetizados unicamente com resíduos, como por exemplo, escórias de alto forno ativadas com diferentes produtos alcalinos, gerando materiais com características interessantes para aplicações na construção civil. Em função da composição química, as escórias de alto forno geradas em fornos a coque são empregadas como adição ao cimento Portland; entretanto, aquelas oriundas de fornos a carvão vegetal não encontram a mesma destinação pois normalmente não se adequam aos módulos de basicidade prescritos nas normas, implicando assim um passivo ambiental. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo à obtenção de cimentos álcali ativados (CAT) visando a valorização da escória A (ácida). Também foi utilizada uma escória proveniente de alto forno a coque (B) como matéria-prima, a fim de comparar a composição química de ambas. Foram elaboradas composições iniciais de CAT com hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) como ativador, as quais foram submetidas a dois processos de cura (úmida e imersa) para testes iniciais. A cura imersa se mostrou menos propícia no uso da escória como ligante, uma vez que o contato com a água lixivia o material diminuindo sua superfície de contato, o que traz consequências no desenvolvimento mecânico e da microestrutura. Já em cura úmida, com 5% de NaOH como ativador, as argamassas de escória A obtiveram ótimo desempenho mecânico, atingindo valores próximos a 45MPa aos 28 dias; sendo que o desenvolvimento da fase de C-S-H e hidrotalcita pôde ser observada a partir dos difratogramas de raios-X e análises térmicas. A escória B desenvolveu menor resistência na presença do ativador, mas as mesmas fases foram observadas em ambas as composições; constatando-se então que a composição química da matéria-prima tem forte influência no desempenho dos CAT’s.
While production of Portland cement is made the extraction of non-renewable raw materials and the release of CO2 excessively; the manufacture of alkali activated cement does not involve the calcination of materials and can be used as raw material byproducts of industry. In this context, the alkali activated cements emerge as a new class of binder materials of good performance and low environmental impact, which can be synthesized only with waste, such as slag in blast furnace activated with different alkalis generating materials with characteristics interesting for applications in construction. Depending on the chemical composition, blast furnace slag generated in coke ovens are used as addition to Portland cement; however, those from charcoal ovens are not the same destination as usually is inappropriate the basicity modules prescribed in the rules, thus implying an environmental liability. This research has the purpose to obtain activated alkali cements (CAT) aimed at the valorisation of the slag (acid). Also used was a blast furnace from coke (B) as raw material, in order to compare the chemical composition of both. CAT initial compositions with sodium hydroxide was prepared (NaOH) as an activator, which were subjected to two curing processes (wet and immersed) for initial testing. The immersed cure was less benign in the use of slag as a binder caused a lower compressive strenght, since the contact with the water solubilizing the material reducing its contact surface. In wet cure, with 5% NaOH as an activator, the slag mortars A obtained high mechanical performance, arriving values close to 45MPa at 28 days; the development of C-S-H and hydrotalcite phase was observed from the XRD patterns of X-rays and thermal analysis. Slag B developed less strenght in the presence of the activator, but the same phases were observed in both compositions. It was possible to verify that the chemical composition of raw material had strong influence on the performance of the CAT’s.
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Laranja, Marlon Larry [UNESP]. "Síntese e caracterização de híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos luminescentes para aplicação em ensaios biológicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97783.

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Complexos de íons lantanídeos luminescentes tem se destacado em marcação biológica em função de sua alta eficiência de emissão atribuída ao “efeito antena”. A incorporação destes complexos em matrizes inorgânicas leva a formação de materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos. Esse híbrido pode ser utilizado como marcador em ensaios biológicos desde que acoplado a moléculas de reconhecimento específico, p.e., o sistema avidina-biotina. Neste trabalho foi descrita a síntese e a caracterização do ligante SalenHSi (um tipo de base de Schiff), dos complexos Er(SalenHSi) e Eu(SalenHSi) e dos seus respectivos híbridos com matriz de sílica gel para potencial utilização como marcadores. A formação do ligante, dos híbridos e dos híbridos aminofuncionalizados foi comprovada por FTIR. Dados de titulação complexométrica indicaram estequiometria 3:1 (ligante:metal) no complexo Eu(SalenHSi). O diagrama de níveis de energia construído demonstrou a viabilidade de transferência de energia do ligante para os íons Eu 3+ e Er 3+ . O complexo de Er 3+ não é um bom emissor no visível, mas o de Eu 3+ apresenta emissão no vermelho devido as seguintes transições: 5 D0→ 7 FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4), sendo uma única transição 5 D0→ 7 F0 indicando a presença de somente um sítio emissor sem centro de inversão. Os parâmetros Ω 2, Ω 4, R 02 e os valores de τ e η foram determinados para o complexo Eu(SalenHSi) e a eficiência quântica estimada foi de 9,62%. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura indicaram uma modificação na morfologia dos complexos em função das formas de acondicionamento das amostras. Os testes preliminares de conjugação realizados com o híbrido aminofuncionalizado contendo Eu 3+ , a proteína albumina e um crosslinker foram acompanhados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do UV-Vis, e os resultados obtidos demonstram uma efetiva conjugação
Luminescent complexes of lanthanide ions have been applied in biological labeling because of their high emission efficiency assigned to the antenna effect. The incorporation of these complexes in inorganic materials leads to the formation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Such material may be used in biological assays once it is coupled to specific molecules, i.e., the avidin-biotin system. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of the ligand SalenHSi (a type of Schiff base), the complex Er(SalenHSi) and Eu(SalenHSi) and their hybrids with silica gel matrix for potential use as biological labels. The formation of ligand, hybrids and hybrids aminofunctionalized was confirmed by FTIR. Complexometric titration data, and elementary analysis indicated the stoichiometry 3:1 (ligand:metal) for the complexes I. The energy level diagram demonstrated the feasibility of energy transfer from the ligand to Eu 3+ and Er 3+ ions. Spectroscopic studies performed indicated that Er 3+ complex do not emit in the visible, on the other hand the Eu 3+ complex exhibit red emission the following transitions: 5 D0 → 7 FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4). The only 5 D0 → 7 F0 transition indicates the presence of a single site without inversion center. Yet for Eu(SalenHSi) was determined the Ω2 , Ω4, R 02 parameters and the values of τ and η, and the quantum efficiency value estimated as 9.62%. Images of scanning electron microscopy indicated a change in the morphology of the complex as a function of the storage forms of samples. Preliminary tests performed with the combination of the aminofunctionalized hybrid containing Eu 3+ , the albumin protein and crosslinker were accompanied by absorption spectroscopy in the UV-Vis and the results suggest the effectiveness of the conjugation, opening precedents for future testing by using the self-recognition system avidin-biotin
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Books on the topic "Bases(Chemistry)"

1

Luigi, Angiolini, ed. Mannich bases: Chemistry and uses. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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Acids and bases. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Book Co., 1995.

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National Geographic Society (U.S.), ed. Acids and bases. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 2004.

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Hulanicki, A. Reactions of acids and bases in analytical chemistry. Edited by Masson M. R. Chichester, West Sussex, England: E. Horwood, 1987.

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Acids and bases. NY: Crabtree Pub. Co., 2009.

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Lew, Kristi. Acids and bases. New York: Chelsea House, 2008.

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Barber, Jacqueline. Of cabbages and chemistry. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, 1991.

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Poisson, A. Intercomparison of total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon determinations in seawater. Paris: Unesco, 1990.

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1923-, Ponnamperuma Cyril, and Gehrke Charles W, eds. A lunar-based chemical analysis laboratory: Proceedings of the Ninth College Park Colloquium on Chemical Evolution, [University of Maryland, October 30-31, 1989]. Hampton, Va., USA: Deepak Pub., 1992.

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1948-, Sen K. D., and Alonso J. A. 1948-, eds. Chemical hardness. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bases(Chemistry)"

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Bentley, J., and G. P. A. Turner. "Inorganic chemistry acids, bases and salts." In Introduction to Paint Chemistry and principles of paint technology, 17–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3180-1_2.

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Harrison, Robert J., George I. Fann, Takeshi Yanai, and Gregory Beylkin. "Multiresolution Quantum Chemistry in Multiwavelet Bases." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 103–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44864-0_11.

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Caputo, Christopher B., and Douglas W. Stephan. "Non-conventional Lewis Acids and Bases in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry." In The Chemical Bond III, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2015_177.

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Cadet, Jean, Maurice Berger, and Anthony Shaw. "The Radiation Chemistry of the Purine Bases within DNA and Related Model Compounds." In Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair, 69–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9462-8_8.

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Yan, Mei. "Nanoporous Copper Metal Catalyst in Click Chemistry: Nanoporosity Dependent Activity Without Supports and Bases." In Development of New Catalytic Performance of Nanoporous Metals for Organic Reactions, 17–53. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54931-4_2.

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Chee, Yam San, Kim Chwee Daniel Tan, Ek Ming Tan, and Mingfong Jan. "Learning Chemistry Performatively: Epistemological and Pedagogical Bases of Design-for-Learning with Computer and Video Games." In Issues and Challenges in Science Education Research, 245–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3980-2_16.

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Utley, James H. P. "Electrogenerated bases." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 131–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-17871-6_14.

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Zemlicka, Jiri. "Allenols Derived from Nucleic Acid Bases — A New Class of Anti-HIV Agents: Chemistry and Biological Activity." In Nucleosides and Nucleotides as Antitumor and Antiviral Agents, 73–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2824-1_4.

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Hwa, Tan Hwa, and Mageswary Karpudewan. "Green Chemistry-Based Dual-Situated Learning Model: An Approach that Reduces Students’ Misconceptions on Acids and Bases." In Overcoming Students' Misconceptions in Science, 133–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3437-4_8.

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Lin, Jing-Wen, and Mei-Hung Chiu. "A National Survey of Students’ Conceptions and Their Sources of Chemistry in Taiwan: Examples of Chemical Equilibrium and Acids/Bases." In Chemistry Education and Sustainability in the Global Age, 171–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4860-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bases(Chemistry)"

1

Saji, Genn. "Scientific Bases of Water Chemistry for Corrosion Control of NPPs by Integration of Radiation- and Electro-Chemistry." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16525.

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In this paper, the author continues his investigation on the scientific basis of water chemistry specifications by applying his recent theory, which integrates the elemental radiation- and electro-chemistry reactions in the “Butlar-Volmer equation.” The B-V equation is well established as the basic material balance equation in corrosion science. The author’s new approach has been compared with the published in-pile test results of the electrochemical potential differences between the in-flux and out-flux regions for both the PWR- and BWR water chemistry environment. Although the theoretical estimation generally reproduced the experimental results, there remains significant deviation from the experimental results at the very low DH region (<10cc-STP/kg-water) in PWRs as well as the low DO region (<10ppb) in BWRs. Although these regions are outside of the water chemistry specifications of general interest, the scientific causes of the deviation must be clarified. In this paper, the author found that the deviations are due to the dominant radiation-chemical reactions involving hydrogen ions and hydrogen peroxide at the lower ends. Although the radiation- and electrochemical reaction was further exploited with respect to the potential differences induced by the hydrogen peroxide, the effects were disappointingly small, when estimated in terms of a mixed potential of the electrode reactions. This leads the author to suspect that hydrogen-ion-radical reactions should be the main causes. Currently further analyses are in progress.
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Liliasari, S., E. Nursa’adah, and L. N. Amsad. "Describing Pre-service Chemistry Teachers’ Misconceptions of Proton Transfer in Acids-Bases Brønsted-Lowry." In 2nd Asian Education Symposium. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007301502190222.

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Ahmad shudayfat, Eman, Alin Moldoveanu, and Alexandru Gradinaru. "LEARNING THE BASES OF CHEMISTRY IN A CONTENT RICH, GAME BASED 3D MMO VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-002.

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Virtual, immersive and multiuser virtual environments are already accepted as a powerful and efficient solution of e-Learning. However, we are still far from the moment when they will be easy to create, considering the average competencies of educators, and until their nature will be well understood and optimized for the learning purposes. This article describes the creation and refining of a complex 3D MMO virtual environment dedicated to chemistry, which combined content and pedagogy to explore new possibilities for modern, immersive and game based learning. We used our experience from previous experiments in designing the layout of the 3D environment and the details of the user interactions, with the purpose of maximizing the immersivity and the involvement of the student in the learning process. The solution combines rich information related to the chemistry topics, embedded in the 3D space which can be freely explored by the user, with a serious of mini-games useful both for fixing the information and for the evaluation process. Particular attention was given to the synchronous multi-user nature of the interaction, which presents distinct advantages in terms of collaboration during learning, but also challenges regarding the design of the games to ensure consistency and efficiency. The first prototype of our system was tested with a selected group of target students and their feedback was used to refine the details of the 3D layout and user interaction. Then, the resulted improved prototype was tested on a larger audience and complex feedback was gathered. In this paper we describe in detail the development process, the solution - both at user level and technical level - and the experimental results, highlighting the advantages of our approach towards creating efficient 3D MMO learning environments.
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Thysiadou, A., S. Christoforidis, D. Marmanis, A. Solomanidoy, and P. Giannakoudakis. "The Educational Use of a Website in the Teaching of Chemistry Module on "Acids – Bases – Salts"." In 2021 International Conference on Information Technologies (InfoTech). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infotech52438.2021.9548334.

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Saji, Genn. "Scientific Bases of Corrosion Control for Water-Cooled Fusion Reactors Such as ITER." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-55046.

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Scientific bases for corrosion control for water-cooled fusion reactors, such as ITER, are discussed in this paper. In the previous overview papers [1,2], the author has identified that ‘long cell action’ corrosion plays a pivotal role in practically all unresolved corrosion issues, irrespective of fission reactor types and operation. In trying to confirm the existence of radiation-induced ‘long-cell’ action (macro) corrosion cell in the primary cooling system of LWRs, the author attempted to theoretically reproduce the electrochemical potential differences demonstrated during experiments at the INCA Loop in Sweden and the NRI-Rez Loop in the Czech Republic [3,4]. Based on these knowledge bases, characterization of water chemistry for fusion was made through radiation- and electro-chemistry analysis following the methodology explained in the companion paper also presented at this conference [5]. Approximately 70 mV of potential difference is predicted between the high dose rate and the out-of-flux regions through the illustrative model examined in this paper, which supports the existence of the LGCA mechanism. This value is about 1/5 of the potential difference for a typical PWR. For further verification of this approach, ‘international benchmark in-pile tests’ are highly awaited. Further optimization studies as well as material testing under the influence of the LGCA mechanism should be performed to establish corrosion control.
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Saji, Genn. "Characterization of In-Core Water Chemistry for Corrosion Control of LWRs." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30990.

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This paper updates scientific bases of water chemistry in applying the author’s recent theory, which integrates the elemental radiation- and electro-chemistry reactions in the “Butlar-Volmer equation,” presented in ICONE21-16525. For the past several years the author has been trying to establish that the “long-cell” (a kin to macro-cell) corrosion mechanism is inducing practically all sorts of accelerated corrosion phenomena widely observed in water-cooled reactors, especially in aged plants. The theoretical electrochemical potential differences have been benchmarked with the published in-pile test results for both PWR- and BWR water chemistry environments. However the author’s previous verification efforts were limited to the extent that the curves were fitted with experimental results at a single point. The author re-formulated the basic theory and found that the redox potential difference consists of an electrochemical part (e.g., Nernst equation of dissolved hydrogen or oxygen) and radiation-induced perturbation term, the latter diminishes to zero without radiation. The author continued his studies to clarify whether our current scientific knowledge is sufficient to explain the in-core “chemistry” to reproduce the experimental results without the fitting parameter. Through his study he realized that the basic mechanism of the potential difference is still not sufficiently known. No fitting parameter was used for the PWR water chemistry in the DH region for practical engineering applications, although it is indispensable to confirm the results with an in-pile test loop. In the BWR-NWC the theoretical redox potential out of core was still necessary to be fitted with the experimental results, due to an effect of residual hydrogen peroxide detected by the reference electrode. In addition the calculated potential shift is several times larger than the experimental observation. With the reformulation the scientific validity of the author’s theory is further confirmed. He believes that there is no doubt that the “long-cell” takes place in LWRs, although details are still debatable.
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Rodgers, David A. T., and Fred D. Lang. "Performance Improvements at the Boardman Coal Plant as a Result of Testing and Input/Loss Monitoring." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26026.

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This paper presents methods and practices of improving heat rate through testing and, most importantly, through heat rate monitoring. This work was preformed at Portland General Electric’s 585 MWe Boardman Coal Plant, which used two very different Powder River Basin and Utah coals ranging from 8,100 to over 12,500 Btu/lbm. Such fuel variability, common now among coal-fired units was successfully addressed by Boardman’s on-line monitoring techniques. Monitoring has evolved over the past ten years from a Controllable Parameters approach (offering disconnected guidance), to a systems approach in which fuel chemistry and heating value are determined on-line, their results serving as a bases for Second Law analysis. At Boardman on-line monitoring was implemented through Exergetic System’s Input/Loss Method. Boardman was one of the first half-dozen plants to fully implement Input/Loss. This paper teaches through discussion of eight in-plant examples. These examples discuss heat rate improvements involving both operational configurations and plant components: from determining changes in coal chemistry and composite heating value on-line; to recognizing the impact of individual rows of burners and pulverizer configurations; to air leakage identifications; to examples of hour-by-hour heat rate improvements; comparison to effluent flows; etc. All of these cases have applicability to any coal-fired unit.
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Backman, Rainer, Mikko Hupa, Matti Hiltunen, and Kari Peltola. "Interaction of the Behavior of Lead and Zinc With Alkalis in Fluidized Bed Combustion or Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78074.

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Combustion of waste derived fuels in fluidized bed boilers may result in fly ashes containing increased amounts of lead and zinc, besides the common alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds. Although the absolute concentrations of lead and zinc may be relatively low, around 1%, in the bulk ash, they may induce unwanted effects in combustors, partly due to their significant enrichment in the fly ash. First, lead and zinc in fly ashes may lead to unwanted heavy metal emissions. Further, they can also alter the behavior of the fly ash and cause it to become sticky and possibly corrosive. This paper discusses the mechanism of volatilization of lead and zinc and stickiness properties of their fly ash compounds under different conditions, based on data from a FBC gasifier using waste fuels with significant amounts of lead and zinc. Advanced thermochemical calculations using the data bases developed at A˚bo Akademi show that both lead and zinc can form volatile compounds and thus be strongly enriched in the fly ash. They can be volatilized as elemental gases, Pb(g) and Zn(g), or they can form gaseous chlorides, PbCl2(g) and ZnCl2(g). But they can also form non-volatile oxides. Thus their behavior is very dependent on the combustion conditions, particularly on the availability of chlorine. This way there is also a direct coupling of the volatilization behavior of lead and zinc with the chemistry of the alkali metals and calcium, all of which govern the availability of chlorine. Simplified thermochemical diagrams are shown to explain the complex interaction of the lead and zinc chemistry with the rest of the flue gas and fly ash chemistry. The thermochemical data can be used to explain the practical results from full scale boilers.
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Saji, G., V. A. Yurmanov, V. I. Baranenko, V. A. Fedorova, G. Karzov, and B. T. Timofeev. "Fundamental Mechanisms of Component Degradation by Corrosion in Nuclear Power Plants of Russian Design." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48308.

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By focusing on NPPs of Western design (e.g. PWR and BWR), the first author (G. Saji) has established that ‘long cell action’ corrosion plays a pivotal role in practically all unresolved corrosion issues for all types of nuclear power plants as presented in a series of papers already published (1–9). The authors believe that a similar study of NPPs of Russian design, with their unique scientific and technological basis compared to Western plants, are important to illustrate that this mechanism can occur even with different materials, welding technology or operation (e.g. water chemistry control). Among all the differences, it is important to note that PWSCC per se does not seem to be occurring in VVER plants, although no specific reason has yet to be identified. In this paper, a detailed electrochemical assessment is first made on the behavior of ammonia-potassium water chemistry and structural materials at the normal operational temperature in the primary water of VVERs. The chemical and electrochemical characteristics of the ammonia in VVERS were found to be significantly different from those of PWRs which use the hydrogen water chemistry. However, the water chemistry of RBMK is not fundamentally different from that of the Western BWR and therefore the previous studies on SCC of BWRs are generally applicable. On the bases of these studies, various corrosion issues commonly experienced in NPPs of Russian design (VVER and RBMK) are briefly reviewed. They include: (i) pitting corrosion in un-clad VVER-440 RV; (ii) corrosion cracking at the transition welding joints of RV nozzles and piping; (iii) corrosion issues in PGV-440 steam generator collectors; (iv) steam generator tube and collector corrosion; (v) IGSCC in RBMK with austenitic steel piping; (vi) FAC (E-C) in the secondary system of VVERs; and (vii) Anomalous corrosion products sedimentation in the core region in some VVERs. Since the long cell action hypothesis does not seem to contradict the various corrosion activities being experienced in NPPs of Russian design, the first author invites further study on the potential involvement of this mechanism since this hypothesis provides new insight into many of the unresolved corrosion issues. More specifically, the VVERs’ ammonia-potassium water chemistry has theoretically been identified as playing a key role in the prevention of PWSCC, which is one of the most troublesome mechanism of corrosion degradation in many Western PWRs. In view of this significance, the authors proposed an urgent international joint initiative to prove or disprove this mechanism’s existence in nuclear power systems.
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Carell, T. "DNA bases beyond Watson and Crick." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414175.

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Reports on the topic "Bases(Chemistry)"

1

Dignon, J. Trace gas emission data bases for atmospheric chemistry studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6142033.

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