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Van Merriënboer, Jeroen J. G., and Marcel B. M. De Croock. "Strategies for Computer-Based Programming Instruction: Program Completion vs. Program Generation." Journal of Educational Computing Research 8, no. 3 (August 1992): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mjdx-9pp4-kfmt-09pm.
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Two instructional strategies were implemented in a two-and-a-half hour computer-based training program that was designed to teach elementary turtle graphics programming techniques to novice undergraduate students ( N = 40). Learning activities that either emphasized the completion of existing programs or the generation of new programs were studied for the two strategies. In the completion group, the information needed to perform the program completion tasks appeared to be largely available in the to-be-completed programs; in the generation group, students frequently had to search for useful examples while they were performing their program generation tasks. It is hypothesized that during practice, the direct availability of examples in the form of incomplete computer programs facilitates the acquisition of programming language templates, especially because students cannot complete a program without carefully studying it so that “mindful abstraction” is explicitly provoked. Data in this study on learning outcomes support this hypothesis: the completion group showed a superior use of programming language templates in both a program construction test and a multiple choice test that measured the knowledge of language statements.
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Pezold, Mollee J., Caitlin M. Imgrund, and Holly L. Storkel. "Using Computer Programs for Language Sample Analysis." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 51, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_lshss-18-0148.
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Purpose Although language sample analysis is widely recommended for assessing children's expressive language, few school-based speech-language pathologists routinely use it, citing a lack of time, resources, and training ( Pavelko, Owens, Ireland, & Hahs-Vaughn, 2016 ). The purpose of this clinical tutorial is (a) to describe options for language sample analysis using computer programs and (b) to demonstrate a process of using language sample analysis focused on the assessment of 2 preschool children as case studies. Method We provide an overview of collecting and analyzing child language samples and describe 3 programs for language sample analysis: 2 dedicated software programs (Computerized Language Analysis [ MacWhinney, 2000 ] and Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts [ Miller & Iglesias, 2015 ]) and 1 protocol for using word processing software to analyze language samples (Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised; Pavelko & Owens, 2017 ). We also present analysis results from each program for play-based language samples from 2 preschool children and detailed analysis of the samples with potential treatment goals. Results Each program offers different analyses, comparison databases, and sampling contexts. We present options for additional analysis, clinical interpretations, and potential treatment goals based on the 2 preschool cases. Conclusion Clinicians can use computer programs for language sample analysis as part of a process to make naturalistic language assessment more feasible. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10093403
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Sulzmann, Martin, and Răzvan Voicu. "Language-Based Program Verification via Expressive Types." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 174, no. 7 (June 2007): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2006.10.041.
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Irshad, Mufeeda, Merel Keijzer, Martijn Wieling, and Marjolijn Verspoor. "Effectiveness of a dynamic usage based computer assisted language program." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 8, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.16018.irs.
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Abstract The current paper explores whether a Dynamic Usage Based (DUB) approach – which takes authentic meaningful language use with repetition and scaffolding for comprehension as its basis – can also be implemented in a CALL environment. The effectiveness of the DUB-CALL program was tested in a semester-long experiment, comparing it with a teacher-fronted DUB program (using the same materials as the CALL program) and a traditional CLT program; 228 university undergraduates in Sri Lanka participated. Language gains were assessed in a pre-post design with an objective General English Proficiency (GEP) test and a writing task. The results show that the students in the DUB-CALL condition performed significantly better on the GEP test than the students in the two teacher-fronted classes. The results of the writing tests show that all groups improved significantly, but here there were no differences among groups.
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McGuire, Richard A. "Computer-Based Instrumentation." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 26, no. 3 (July 1995): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2603.223.
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Currently, there are a number of useful computer-based programs available to assist speech-language pathologists in clinical intervention. As clinicians acquire computer-based systems, they must realize that responsible use of these systems is dependent on an understanding of the usefulness and limitations of this type of instrumentation. The purpose of this report is to provide a basic overview of (a) speech signal acquisition, (b) computer processing, and (c) some basic applications related to computer-based manipulation of speech. Although it may not be necessary for the clinician to configure and/or program these systems, a general understanding of the capacities and limitations of this instrumentation will provide a foundation for responsible and creative applications.
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Sarkisyan, A. A., and Yu G. Shukuryan. "Program testing technology based on specification language." Cybernetics 26, no. 6 (1991): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01069487.
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Moslemi Nezhad Arani, Saieed. "Teaching and Researching Computer-Assisted Language Learning." GiST Education and Learning Research Journal, no. 17 (December 17, 2018): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.421.
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The prominence of technology has always been booming since computers generated new lanes for human to make use of high-tech for many different purposes. Utilizing computers for learning goals, among many, is one of the main concerns followed by educational issues in teaching and learning, especially, of a new language. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is known as a branch of language studies which focuses on teaching and learning of a new language through applications of computers in language learning contexts. Many books, articles, reviews, and etc. being published regularly consider one or some issues related to the CALL. To this, researchers have tried to introduce or evaluate particular application of CALL in the mentioned field. Cameron (1988, p. 15) reasons that “The fact that there are so many different types of CALL programs in existence illustrates the futility of attempting to define a single set of program principles or structures to fit all situations.” Other subordinate technologies interconnected to the computerized exemplar have arrived the inclined in practice. For example, information communication technology (ICT) “has been integrated within the overall design of the methodology used in the language learning process is a key factor.” (Zhang, 2012, p. 8). Other similar well-intentioned works can be referred to as (Holland & Fisher, 2008; Donaldson & Haggstrom, 2006; Thomas, Reinders, & Warschauer, 2013) which consider discussions of series of actions taken as regards the CALL subject. Beatty’s “teaching and research in computer-assisted language learning” (2010) is considered as one of the most comprehensive books on defining and reorganizing concept of CALL into the language education. The following is a review based on Beatty’s book which is also highly recommended as for reading by the reviewer.
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Sugimoto, Toru, Noriko Ito, and Shino Iwashita. "A Proposal of a Language-Based Context-Sensitive Programming System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 8 (October 20, 2007): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p1015.
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This paper describes a programming system with which even novice users can easily specify complex requests as natural language texts, in other words, write programs in everyday language, to operate computing systems. Based on a study of task specification texts written by non-programmers, the processing model is designed so that implicit and ambiguous information in an input text is detected and transformed into an explicit executable program structure. Context dependency in programming is also considered. Context-dependent factors in the situation of program development and the situation of program execution are considered in text understanding and program execution phases, bridging the gap between these two contexts. We have developed a prototype system that deals with personal email management tasks. In this paper, we explain our processing model, give evaluation results, and discuss our proposal’s effectiveness and projected work.
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ANBERRÉE, THOMAS. "Semantical proofs of correctness for programs performing non-deterministic tests on real numbers." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 20, no. 5 (October 2010): 723–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129510000186.
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We consider a functional language that performs non-deterministic tests on real numbers and define a denotational semantics for that language based on Smyth powerdomains. The semantics is only an approximate one because the denotation of a program for a real number may not be precise enough to tell which real number the program computes. However, for many first-order total functions f : n → , there exists a program for f whose denotation is precise enough to show that the program indeed computes the function f. In practice, it is not difficult to find programs like this that possess a faithful denotation. We provide a few examples of such programs and the corresponding proofs of correctness.
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DE LUCIA, A., G. TORTORA, and M. TUCCI. "CREATING TOOLS IN A SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT BASED ON GRAPH REWRITING RULES." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 10, no. 02 (April 2000): 153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194000000109.
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This paper presents the software development workbench WSDW (Web structure-oriented Software Development Workbench) together with the tool development language TDL. WSDW is an integrated structure-oriented software environment which contains several tools for software evolution. The integration of tools is achieved by sharing a program representation which is based upon the mathematical concept of relation: the web structure is the basic high level representation of programs within the environment. The TDL language is a structure-oriented language that supports the creation of a wide variety of tools both for software development and maintenance. The elementary statements in a TDL program are web rewriting rules and manipulations of programs are expressed as web transformations. Moreover, to make program transformations more intuitive to the tool programmer, web rewriting rules are expressed graphically. Each tool in WSDW performs a sequence of web transformations and new software tools can be implemented as TDL programs and integrated into WSDW.
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Olatunji, Ezekiel K., John B. Oladosu, Odetunji A. Odejobi, and Stephen O. Olabiyisi. "A Needs Assessment for Indigenous African Language-Based Programming Languages." Annals of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ast-2019-0007.
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AbstractThe development of an African native language-based programming language, using Yoruba as a case study, is envisioned. Programming languages based on the lexicons of indigenous African languages are rare to come by unlike those based on Asian and / or European languages. Availability of programming languages based on lexicons of African indigenous language would facilitate comprehension of problem-solving processes using computer by indigenous learners and teachers as confirmed by research results. In order to further assess the relevance, usefulness and needfulness of such a programming language, a preliminary needs assessment survey was carried out. The needs assessment was carried out through design of a structured questionnaire which was administered to 130 stakeholders in computer profession and computer education; including some staffers and learners of some primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria, Africa. The responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The analysis of the responses to the questionnaire shows that 89% of the respondents to the questionnaire expressed excitement and willingness to program or learn programming in their mother tongue-based programming language, if such a programming language is developed. This result shows the high degree of relevance, usefulness and needfulness of a native language-based programming language as well as the worthwhileness of embarking on development of such a programming language.
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Pisarenko, I. V., K. N. Alekseev, and A. K. Melnikov. "RESOURCE-INDEPENDENT REPRESENTATION OF SORTING NETWORKS IN Set@l PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 185 (November 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.11.pp.053-060.
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The development of scalable parallel programs for high-performance computer systems with reconfigurable and hybrid architectures is an important problem in the field of modern supercomputer engineering. Resource-independent applied software in the high-level COLAMO programming language describes only the limited number of the algorithm implementations for some configurations due to the inductive principle of the information graph forming. However, the creation of efficient resource-independent parallel software requires programming tool that supports both induction and reduction of calculations. To solve the problem, we propose the application of the Set@l programming language based on the aspect-oriented programming paradigm and set-theoretical code representation. According to the aspect-oriented concept, Set@l describes an algorithm for the problem solution and its parallelizing and other implementation features as separated program modules – source code and various aspects. The programming language being considered has much in common with traditional set-theory-based languages such as SETL, SETLX and SETL2, but Set@l introduces the essential classification of collections by parallelism, definiteness, orderliness and other criteria. In contrast to the high-level COLAMO programming language, Set@l specifies the full information graph of a computational problem in the absolutely parallel form and describes the reduction principles for all configurations of a computer system as independent aspects of a program. In this paper, we demonstrate that the aspect-oriented sorting program in the Set@l language defines different types of quadratic sorting networks and various methods of their partition and reduction.
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Liu, Yi Zhen, Yan Ming Wang, and Zhan Wen Liu. "College Program Designing Course Based on Computational Thinking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 6527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6527.
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The development of computational thinking ability is an important part of college computer education domestically and overseas. It is a new direction and goal of college computer language teaching reform and construction. Based on computational thinking combined with teaching experience, this paper introduces a new teaching model for college VB programming courses, which adopts modularization and case teaching project.
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Borman, Geoffrey D., James G. Benson, and Laura Overman. "A Randomized Field Trial of the Fast ForWord Language Computer-Based Training Program." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 31, no. 1 (March 2009): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373708328519.
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This article describes an independent assessment of the Fast ForWord Language computer-based training program developed by Scientific Learning Corporation. Previous laboratory research involving children with language-based learning impairments showed strong effects on their abilities to recognize brief and fast sequences of nonspeech and speech stimuli, but generalization of these effects beyond clinical settings and student populations and to broader literacy measures remains unclear. Implementing a randomized field trial in eight urban schools, we generated impact estimates from separate intent-to-treat and treatment-on-the-treated analyses of the literacy outcomes of second- and seventh-grade students who were more generally at risk for poor reading and language outcomes. There were some problems of implementation in the field setting, and the Fast ForWord Language program did not, in general, help students in these eight schools improve their language and reading comprehension test scores.
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Levin, I. I., V. A. Gudkov, G. A. Еvstafiev, A. I. Dordopulo, A. A. Gulenok, and A. V. Bovkun. "TECHNIQUE OF C PROGRAM TRANSLATION FOR RECONFIGURABLE AND HYBRID COMPUTER SYSTEMS BASED ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 186 (December 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.12.pp.054-060.
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In this paper, we thoroughly consider the technique of conversion of procedural programs in C to configuration files for field-programmable gate arrays used in the toolkit for programming of reconfigurable and hybrid computer systems. The creation of parallel program in the COLAMO (Common Oriented Language for Architecture of Multi Objects) language using the analysis results of information dependences in the initial procedural program and its further conversion to a parallel and pipeline form are the distinctive characteristics of the technique. We addressed the methods of scalar splitting and array extension by iterations, which are applied for the fulfillment of the single assignment and unique substitution rules in parallel program and the saving of information communications of the initial procedural program. The technique of conversion of automatically created parallel program to the scalable parallel and pipeline form is presented. The “Procrustes” preprocessor adapts the form for different architectures and configurations of reconfigurable and hybrid computer systems. Owing to the described methodology, it is possible to synthesize a resource-independent scalable COLAMO-application, which can adapt to available computational resource by changing of several constants in automatic mode without any considerable modification of the program source code. Then, the scalable COLAMO-applicationis translated by the COLAMO-translator into field-programmable gate arrays configuration files for the specified reconfigurable computer resource.
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Kadar, Rozita, Syarifah Adilah Mohamed Yusoff, Saiful Nizam Warris, and Mohd Saifulnizam Abu Bakar. "Students’ Assessments in Learning Programming based on Bloom’s Taxonomy." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 6, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v6i3.223.
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Learning a program is important for all students, not only students from the field of computer science but all fields. Programming languages are different from human communication languages as they have different structural forms. This makes it difficult for beginners especially for non-computer science students to understand the structure of programming languages. Therefore, to learn and understand the programming language more effectively, this article focuses on the important structure in learning a program from the initial stage to the advanced level suitable for non-computer science students. The objective of this article is to suggest important elements that can be assessed on these students which are to measure their understanding as they learn programming languages. The questions proposed to measure students' understanding were based on Bloom's Taxonomy, which covers six levels of understanding. It is hoped that this assessment proposal can act as a guideline for educators in fully focusing on important matters during the teaching and learning process.
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Coniam, David. "Experimenting with a computer essay-scoring program based on ESL student writing scripts." ReCALL 21, no. 2 (May 2009): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344009000147.
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AbstractThis paper describes a study of the computer essay-scoring program BETSY. While the use of computers in rating written scripts has been criticised in some quarters for lacking transparency or lack of fit with how human raters rate written scripts, a number of essay rating programs are available commercially, many of which claim to offer comparable reliability with human raters. Much of the validation of such programs has focused on native-speaking tertiary-level students writing in subject content areas. Instead of content areas with native-speakers, the data for this study is drawn from a representative sample of scripts from an English as a second language (ESL) Year 11 public examination in Hong Kong. The scripts (900 in total) are taken from a writing test consisting of three topics (300 scripts per topic), each representing a different genre. Results in the study show good correlations between human raters’ scores and the program BETSY. A rater discrepancy rate, where scripts need to be re-marked because of disagreement between two raters, emerged at levels broadly comparable with those derived from discrepancies between paired human raters. Little difference was apparent in the ratings of test takers on the three genres. The paper concludes that while computer essay-scoring programs may appear to rate inside a ‘black box’ with concomitant lack of transparency, they do have potential to act as a third rater, time-saving assessment tool. And as technology develops and rating becomes more transparent, so will their acceptability.
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Del Bonifro, Francesca, Maurizio Gabbrielli, Antonio Lategano, and Stefano Zacchiroli. "Image-based many-language programming language identification." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (July 23, 2021): e631. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.631.
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Programming language identification (PLI) is a common need in automatic program comprehension as well as a prerequisite for deeper forms of code understanding. Image-based approaches to PLI have recently emerged and are appealing due to their applicability to code screenshots and programming video tutorials. However, they remain limited to the recognition of a small amount of programming languages (up to 10 languages in the literature). We show that it is possible to perform image-based PLI on a large number of programming languages (up to 149 in our experiments) with high (92%) precision and recall, using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transfer learning, starting from readily-available pretrained CNNs. Results were obtained on a large real-world dataset of 300,000 code snippets extracted from popular GitHub repositories. By scrambling specific character classes and comparing identification performances we also show that the characters that contribute the most to the visual recognizability of programming languages are symbols (e.g., punctuation, mathematical operators and parentheses), followed by alphabetic characters, with digits and indentation having a negligible impact.
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Huang, Xue Zheng, Yang Tao Liu, and Lei Zhang. "The Computer Simulation of the Acid-Base Titration." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.20.
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The mathematical model on acid-base titration was established by using analytical chemistry theory; therefore the author designed a program to solve the model by using of Visual Basic language. The program can not only calculate the pH Value of the acid-base titration solution, choose the appropriate indicator, calculate the endpoint error and judge the feasibility of the titration, but also can draw the curve of the acid-base titration.
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Sukoyo, Joko, and Widodo Widodo. "Program Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa di SD Patemon 01 dan SD Sekaran 01 Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/002.201721.14.
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Learning Javanese language has been starting on since a long time, but still there are some problems found in the field. Problems when learning Javanese language that occur in SD Patemon 01 and SD Sekaran 01, District Gunungpati, Semarang are (1) low capacity of the teachers in creating computer-based learning media, (2) lack of language skills of the teachers in using Javanese language variety of manners, and (3) frequent occurrence of errors in the assessment of learning Javanese language. In connection with these conditions, devotee team tried to be facilitators to the problems faced by teachers in SD Patemon 01 and SD Sekaran 01 by conducting science and technology activities for the Community (IbM). IbM program implementation used workshop model with a variety of methods, such as lecturing, demonstrations, direct practice, frequently asked questions and assignments. The results of this IbM program are capacity building of teachers in making computers-based learning media for Javanese language, improving the competence of teachers in terms of manners of Javanese language skills, and increaseing understanding of Javanese language learning assessment. The increase was indicated from abilities’ score of the teachers before and after the IbM program. The ability of teachers in terms of making computer-based instructional media increased significantly, ie 16.9%. Competence of teachers in terms of unggah-ungguh based on Javanese language, especially in speaking skills manners increased 6.3%. The ability of teachers in terms of understanding of the Java language learning assessment increased 9.7%.
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Zhang, Su Ying. "Study on the Optimization of Complex Computer Network Language Based on TEI Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2345.
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With the popularization of internet, cyber language is used more and more frequently. The network language has formed a unique system of computer language library. So studying of computer language has great significance to the development of the network language. Language library capacity cant be unlimited expansion. To enhance the computer language network function we must use correlation algorithm to simplify the computer language. In this paper, an improved method based on the network language new is proposed. We apply the neural network speech recognition model with multi hierarchy recognition technology to computer language, and put forward TEI model of computer network language identification. We use the VB program to call on the MATLAB software, successfully simplify the complex recognition process of the network language. At the same time, computer network language also has certain reference value for English language learning. It can help learners to avoid the negative effects of network language on the English language.
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Tang, Hong Jun. "Program Slicing Technique in Programming Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1884.
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For the teachers of teaching basic computer programming language, a very large number of student programs should be graded and human graders have great difficulty in judging the correctness and efficiency of programs. A programming assessment method is proposed based on program slicing technique and the method has reduced the complexity in the assessment of large-scale program by decomposing program. The method divides the program into several slices by generating program dependence graph and on those slices we can get the score of the student program by comparing the student program with the template program. The method has successfully improved the grading process and it is also employed for the undergraduate courses.
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Levin, I. I., V. A. Gudkov, S. A. Dudko, A. A. Gulenok, and A. V. Bovkun. "TOOLS OF C PROGRAM TRANSLATION FOR RECONFIGURABLE AND HYBRID COMPUTER SYSTEMS BASED ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 183 (September 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.09.pp.050-056.
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In this article, we consider the stages of development of a novel application toolkit for reconfigurable computer systems, its architecture and operation principles. The toolkit provides the translation of procedural programs in C to configuration files for field-programmable gate arrays in 6 stages. The conversion of procedural program in C to parallel program in COLAMO (Common Oriental Language for Architecture of Multi Objects) is performed using four additional programs: the “Angel ” translator and three preprocessors called the “Mermaid ”, the “Procrustes” and the “Nutcracker ”. At the first stage, the “Angel ” translates the C program into the absolutely parallel program in the COLAMO language. During the second stage, the information dependences of the initial C program are analyzed, scalar variables are split, and arrays are stretched by iterations. Then, at the third stage, the COLAMO code is converted to the parallel and pipeline form using the partition of arrays and loops into the vector and strea components. The fourth stage involves the transformation of the COLAMO program to the scalable parallel and pipeline form. The optional fifth stage, which is aimed at the reduction of the base subgraph, is executed only in the case of the lack of hardware resource for the structural implementation of the base subgraph of a problem. At the sixth stage, the COLAMO program is transformed to the unique computational structure and several cadrs designed for the architecture of the chosen reconfigurable computer system. The distinctive feature of the developed toolkit is the support of the resource-independent computing, which allows for the scaling of calculations in both cases of increase (induction) and decrease (reduction) in available hardware resources.
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Orazaliyeva, Elmira, and Fauziya Orazbayeva. "Multilingual Content in Teaching the Kazakh Language Courses." ATHENS JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY 8, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.8-4-2.
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According to the second state program on the development and functioning of languages until 2020, Kazakhstan concentrates on consolidating the Kazakh language as the state language, where Russian, English or others are foreign languages. New educational programs of the country assume a step-by-step implementation of communicative language skills. Students receive a possibility of relaying certain knowledge in the field of natural, human and technical sciences. The mission of Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University as the educational center of transforming the results of advanced research in the field of pedagogy, teaching methods are implemented to prepare teachers in order to support multilingual content approaches in education. It is expected that in high schools four natural subjects like chemistry, biology, computer science, and physics will be taught in English, Kazakh, and Russian, while history, language, literature and other art sciences will be the subjects of the Kazakh or Russian languages. The school programs with general educational standards are aimed at creating a base of modernly demanded and replenished knowledge. It explains the creation of the International Nazarbayev University which is unique in Kazakhstan. High admission requirements characterize selection quality, and targets in mastering foreign languages. Keywords: multi-academic content, multilingualism, cross-cultural expertises, educational methods and strategies, educational approaches
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CHA, MOON HOE, and YONG JOO KIM. "COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF HEAVY-ION ELASTIC SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 07 (September 2002): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102003668.
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We have used the computer language Java to develop a computer simulation program for heavy-ion elastic scattering based on the parameterized phase shift model. Using this program, we have carried out a χ2-fit to the observed differential cross-section data of the heavy-ion elastic scattering and performed computer simulations of the angular distribution, the deflection function, the reaction cross-section, the scattering matrix element, and the analysis results as graphical representations. The program is also applied to elastic scattering of the 12C+12C system at E lab = 1016 MeV.
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Madsen, Bjarne. "Interactive computer processing and interpretation of pumping test data. A Micro-computer program using dynamic graphics." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie C 4 (February 28, 1985): 1–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seriec.v4.7098.
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This paper presents a computer program for analysing pumping test data. The program is interactive and may be used with a minimum knowledge of computers. It can be applied to a wide range of transient problem types, from one dimensional groundwater flow to flow in anisotropic aquifers, horizontally as well as vertically. Various forms of type curves based on analytical solutions to the groundwater flow equation are available for the interpretation. The paper includes a listing of the entire computer program containing a total of about 1. 800 lines. The programming language is a BASIC-version suited for the Tektronix 4054, a graphic screen with a refresh option. This option allows the user to perform type curve matching directly on the screen by moving the chosen type curve to the position where it gives the best fit, in a manner similar to traditional manual chart interpretation. Plots of the measured data may be conveniently reproduced in semilog and log-log diagrams, either on the screen or as a hard copy printed by a plotter. The present version of the program makes use of tape cartridges, both for storing program and data files.
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Wei, Hai Bing, Qian Zhang, and Jun Hai Zhao. "Simplified Bishop Method Homogeneous Soil Slope Stability Analysis Based on the C# Language." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.291.
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A computer program was compiled based on the C# language of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 and the principle of simplified Bishop method. The program will calculate the minimum factor of safety, and automatically draw the two-dimensional (2-D) critical slip surface after user input the basic parameters. Through testing a lot of examples, the program has good stability, high precision, fast speed and good visibility.
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Xie, Yu Hui, Lei Zhang, and Xue Zheng Huang. "Computer Simulation of Complex Consecutive Reaction Kinetics." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.519.
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Based on the mass action law, the kinetics equation of the complex consecutive reaction was established in the form of first-order ordinary differential equations. Therefore; a program was designed by the Visual Basic language and the theory of the numerical calculation to solve the ordinary differential equations. In the end, the reaction process of the complex consecutive reaction was simulated by the powerful plot function of the Visual Basic language.
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McCrocklin, Shannon. "ASR-based dictation practice for second language pronunciation improvement." Journal of Second Language Pronunciation 5, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jslp.16034.mcc.
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Abstract In pronunciation learning, there is a need for resources and tools that help students monitor their speech or provide feedback on errors. While researchers have seen ASR-based technologies as potential tools, little attention has been paid to dictation programs, which have been criticized for low levels of recognition, but offer advantages such as accessibility and flexibility. This study examines two groups of learners in a pronunciation workshop: CONV, which had fully face-to-face instruction, and HYBRID, which had half of the instruction face-to-face and half using the computer, practicing production using a dictation program, Windows Speech Recognition. Results show that both groups improved from pre- to post-test and that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Results indicate that dictation programs may be useful as a complement to face-to-face pronunciation teaching, especially if in-class time for pronunciation teaching is limited.
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SILVA, JOSEP, and GERMÁN VIDAL. "Forward slicing of functional logic programs by partial evaluation." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 7, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068406002870.
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AbstractProgram slicing has been mainly studied in the context of imperative languages, where it has been applied to a wide variety of software engineering tasks, like program understanding, maintenance, debugging, testing, code reuse, etc. This work introduces the first forward slicing technique for declarative multi-paradigm programs which integrate features from functional and logic programming. Basically, given a program and aslicing criterion(a function call in our setting), the computed forward slice contains those parts of the original program which arereachablefrom the slicing criterion. Our approach to program slicing is based on an extension of (online) partial evaluation. Therefore, it provides a simple way to develop program slicing tools from existing partial evaluators and helps to clarify the relation between both methodologies. A slicing tool for the multi-paradigm language Curry, which demonstrates the usefulness of our approach, has been implemented in Curry itself.
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Aktemur, Barış, and Sam Kamin. "Mumbo: A Rule-Based Implementation of a Run-time Program Generation Language." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 147, no. 1 (January 2006): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2005.06.036.
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Morris, David C. "The Effects of Computer-Based Drill and Practice Exams in Introductory Sociology: A Mainframe Orientation." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 14, no. 4 (June 1986): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/37j9-x52c-kd1k-8409.
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The central focus of the article discusses the effects of a mainframe based drill and practice program in a large introductory sociology course. The major topics examined are: 1) the development of the program itself, using DEC's CAS language and 2) the effects of the program on students' grades in the course [1–3].
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Bouvet, Eric, and Elizabeth Close. "Online reading strategy guidance in a foreign language." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 7.1–7.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0607.
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This paper reports on an online guided reading program designed and developed by the authors, and implemented in class conditions. The program allows students to read a short story from a computer screen and obtain immediate support, in the form of suggested problem-solving strategies designed to help them overcome the lexical and grammatical difficulties commonly encountered by intermediate language students, at local text level, during the reading process. Based on the analysis of case studies of readers, the chief objective of this study is to gauge the pedagogical relevance of the guided reading program and suggest that it facilitates intermediate language students’ first encounters with literary texts.
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Bouvet, Eric, and Elizabeth Close. "Online reading strategy guidance in a Foreign Language." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29, no. 1 (2006): 7.1–7.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.29.1.05bou.
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This paper reports on an online guided reading program designed and developed by the authors, and implemented in class conditions. The program allows students to read a short story from a computer screen and obtain immediate support, in the form of suggested problem-solving strategies designed to help them overcome the lexical and grammatical difficulties commonly encountered by intermediate language students, at local text level, during the reading process. Based on the analysis of case studies of readers, the chief objective of this study is to gauge the pedagogical relevance of the guided reading program and suggest that it facilitates intermediate language students’ first encounters with literary texts.
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Harada, Tomohiro, and Keiki Takadama. "Machine-Code Program Evolution by Genetic Programming Using Asynchronous Reference-Based Evaluation Through Single-Event Upset in On-Board Computer." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 808–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0808.
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This study proposes a novel genetic programming method using asynchronous reference-based evaluation (called AREGP) to evolve computer programs through single-event upsets (SEUs) in the on-board computer in space missions. AREGP is an extension of Tierra-based asynchronous genetic programming (TAGP), which was proposed in our previous study. It is based on the idea of the biological simulator, Tierra, where digital creatures are evolved through bit inversions in a program. AREGP not only inherits the advantages of TAGP but also overcomes its limitation, i.e., TAGP cannot select good programs for evolution without an appropriate threshold. Specifically, AREGP introduces an archive mechanism to maintain good programs and a reference-based evaluation by using the archive for appropriate threshold selection and removal. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed AREGP, simulation experiments are performed to evolve the assembly language program in the SEU environment. In these experiments, the PIC instruction set, which is carried on many types of spacecraft, is used as the evolved assembly program. The experimental results revealed that AREGP cannot only maintain the correct program through SEU with high occurrence rate, but is also better at reducing the size of programs in comparison with TAGP. Additionally, AREGP can achieve a shorter execution step and smaller size of programs, which cannot be achieved by TAGP.
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Gillespie, John, and Jane McKee. "Resistance to CALL: degrees of student reluctance to use CALL and ICT." ReCALL 11, no. 1 (May 1999): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095834400000207x.
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This paper examines the range of different factors which in our experience contribute to student resistance to the use of computers for language learning. These problems relate to aspects of the computing environment, social and psychological factors and issues relating to the curriculum and teaching methods. We have made basic suggestions about ways of overcoming these resistances. However our principal finding is that the most effective and coherent way of fostering student adoption of CALL is to develop a computer based learning environment, which draws on the success of communications software and the Internet, based on the computer conferencing program First Class.
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Soloway, Elliot. "From Problems to Programs via Plans: The Content and Structure of Knowledge for Introductory LISP Programming." Journal of Educational Computing Research 1, no. 2 (May 1985): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wk8c-bycf-vq5c-e307.
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Typically, when a programming language is taught, the syntax and the semantics of the language are emphasized. In contrast, we report here on an organization of information for teaching LISP which puts primary emphasis on the structure of and relationships between: a problem, a program, and, an intermediate abstraction, a plan. This organization is based on an analysis of the underlying structure of ostensibly different problems and their program solutions. We present qualitative observations on the use of this organization gleaned from actual classroom teaching. Finally, we attempt to generalize these notions to other problem domains and to other programming languages.
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Imam, Ayad Tareq, and Ayman Jameel Alnsour. "The Use of Natural Language Processing Approach for Converting Pseudo Code to C# Code." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 1388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0291.
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Abstract Although current computer-aided software engineering tools support developers in composing a program, there is no doubt that more flexible supportive tools are needed to address the increases in the complexity of programs. This need can be met by automating the intellectual activities that are carried out by humans when composing a program. This paper aims to automate the composition of a programming language code from pseudocode, which is viewed here as a translation process for a natural language text, as pseudocode is a formatted text in natural English language. Based on this view, a new automatic code generator is developed that can convert pseudocode to C# programming language code. This new automatic code generator (ACG), which is called CodeComposer, uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as verb classification, thematic roles, and semantic role labeling (SRL) to analyze the pseudocode. The resulting analysis of linguistic information from these techniques is used by a semantic rule-based mapping machine to perform the composition process. CodeComposer can be viewed as an intelligent computer-aided software engineering (I_CASE) tool. An evaluation of the accuracy of CodeComposer using a binomial technique shows that it has a precision of 88%, a recall of 91%, and an F-measure of 89%.
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AUGUSTON, M., and P. FRITZSON. "PARFORMAN—AN ASSERTION LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFYING BEHAVIOR WHEN DEBUGGING PARALLEL APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 06, no. 04 (December 1996): 609–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194096000259.
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PARFORMAN (PARallel FORMal ANnotation language) is a high-level specification language for expressing intended behavior or known types of error conditions when debugging or testing parallel programs. Models of intended or faulty target program behavior can be succinctly specified in PARFORMAN. These models are then compared with the actual behavior in terms of execution traces of events, in order to localize possible bugs. PARFORMAN can also be used as a general language for expressing computations over target program execution histories. PARFORM AN is based on a precise model of target program behavior. This model, called H-space (History-space), is formally defined through a set of general axioms about three basic relations, which may or may not hold between two arbitrary events: they may be sequentially ordered (SEQ), they may be parallel (PAR), or one of them might be included in another composite event (IN). The general notion of composite event is exploited systematically, which makes possible more powerful and succinct specifications. The notion of event grammar is introduced to describe allowed event patterns over a certain application domain or language. Auxiliary composite events such as Snapshots are introduced to be able to define the notion “occurred at the same time” at suitable levels of abstraction. Finally, patterns and aggregate operations on events are introduced to make possible short and readable specifications. In addition to debugging and testing, PARFORMAN can also be used to specify profiles and performance measurements.
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Zhao, Yan Qiu, Hong Ling Zhang, and Xiao Feng Zhang. "Study on Central Air-Conditioning System Based on Fuzzy Prediction Control." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.644.
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To improve the energy efficiency of central air-conditioning system, established a central air-conditioning control system based on fuzzy prediction control and LonWorks. Fuzzy prediction controller design consist of upper computer and lower computer. Upper computer fuzzy control program written in VB to achieve system main components of energy conservation, and used the "WebAccess" to monitor the air-conditioning system. Lower computer used the Neuron C language program to achieve energy-saving of air-conditioning terminal equipment and downloaded to the intelligent node of neuron chip to achieve energy-saving control. Finally, given the fuzzy control effect diagram.
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Simpkins, N. K. "I Scratch and Sense But Can I Program?" International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 10, no. 3 (July 2014): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2014070107.
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This article reports an investigation into undergraduate student experiences and views of a visual or ‘blocks' based programming language and its environment. An additional and central aspect of this enquiry is to substantiate the perceived degree of transferability of programming skills learnt within the visual environment to a typical mainstream textual language. Undergraduate students were given programming activities and examples covering four basic programming concepts based on the Sense programming language which is intended to simplify programming. Sense programming statements are represented by blocks which only fit together in ways that produce a meaningful syntactic outcome, which may lower the cognitive barrier to learning. Students were also presented with concepts represented using an equivalent textual construct and asked to consider their understanding of these based on the graphical cases. They were finally asked to complete a short online survey. This paper presents the programming activities, the survey and an analysis of the results.
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Hong, Jhao-Nan, and James H. Yang. "Developing a Pronunciation Computer Program for the Acquisition of English Phonemes and Word Stress." Research in Language 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 325–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0019.
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This study devised a pronunciation computer program to examine whether mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) could facilitate college students’ acquisition of English phonemes and word stress. Thirty-eight participants enrolled in the remedial English class offered at the language center of a national technological university in central Taiwan. Before the class, they were asked to read a word list. In the following six weeks, they were taught to distinguish and articulate English phonemes and to predict word stress locations using the designed computer program. They were also instructed to review the learning materials using the smart-phone version of the devised program. After the teaching session, each participant was asked again to read the same word list and fill out an assessment questionnaire. The sound analyses show that their readings of English minimal pairs and word stress placement were more accurate than their performances before the instruction. Their responses to the questionnaire indicate that both the given instruction and the designed computer program were satisfactory. In the open-ended questions, some of them said that they have built up a better understanding of phonemes and word stress, and that they would try to predict polysyllabic word stress when reading English articles. The present findings can be further applied to research on MALL-based English pronunciation acquisition.
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Moukalled, F., N. Naim, and I. Lakkis. "Computer-Aided Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 22, no. 4 (October 1994): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909402200402.
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This paper describes computer-aided analysis of centrifugal compressors (CAACC), a micro-computer-based, interactive, and menu-driven software package for use as an educational tool by mechanical engineering students studying radial flow compressors. CAACC is written in the Pascal computer language and runs on IBM PC, or compatible, computers. In addition to solving for any unknown variables, the graphical utilities of the package allow the user to display a diagrammatic sketch of the compressor and to draw velocity diagrams at several locations. Furthermore, the program allows the investigation and plotting of the variation of any parameter versus any other parameter. Through this option, the package guides the student in learning the basics of centrifugal compressors by the various performance studies that can be undertaken and graphically displayed. The comprehensive example presented demonstrates the capabilities of the package as a teaching tool.
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Naveed, Muhammad Shumail, Muhammad Sarim, and Kamran Ahsan. "Learners Programming Language a Helping System for Introductory Programming Courses." July 2016 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1603.05.
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Programming is the core of computer science and due to this momentousness a special care is taken in designing the curriculum of programming courses. A substantial work has been conducted on the definition of programming courses, yet the introductory programming courses are still facing high attrition, low retention and lack of motivation. This paper introduced a tiny pre-programming language called LPL (Learners Programming Language) as a ZPL (Zeroth Programming Language) to illuminate novice students about elementary concepts of introductory programming before introducing the first imperative programming course. The overall objective and design philosophy of LPL is based on a hypothesis that the soft introduction of a simple and paradigm specific textual programming can increase the motivation level of novice students and reduce the congenital complexities and hardness of the first programming course and eventually improve the retention rate and may be fruitful in reducing the dropout/failure level. LPL also generates the equivalent high level programs from user source program and eventually very fruitful in understanding the syntax of introductory programming languages. To overcome the inherent complexities of unusual and rigid syntax of introductory programming languages, the LPL provide elementary programming concepts in the form of algorithmic and plain natural language based computational statements. The initial results obtained after the introduction of LPL are very encouraging in motivating novice students and improving the retention rate.
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Liu, Long, Yong Bin Wang, and Qi Wang. "Design of Radio Program Production System Based on CSCW." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3377.
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Considering the feature of high-security and complex business logic of radio program production, combining with the theory of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), we designed and implemented a radio program production system with high-security and strong practicability. Based on the C/S structure and .Net platform, the system implements the unity query management of different data sources by applying and extending the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) technology. This paper focuses on the overall architecture, service module and key technologies of the production system.
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Leitão, António. "From Lisp S-expressions to Java source code." Computer Science and Information Systems 5, no. 2 (2008): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis0802019l.
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The syntax of Lisp languages is based on S-expressions, an extremely simple form of structured data representation that is nevertheless fundamental to the development of Lisp syntactic extensions. By adopting a more conventional syntax, the Java language placed itself in a difficult position in regard to user-defined syntax extensions. In spite of the many efforts to provide mechanisms for such extensions, they continue to be more difficult to use than S-expression- based ones. In this paper, we will describe the use of the S-expression syntax in a Java code generation environment. By providing an S-expression based program representation for Java source code, we are able to reuse and extend Lisp macro-expansion techniques to significantly simplify the construction of Java programs. .
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CLARK, DAVID, ROBERTO GIACOBAZZI, and CHUNYAN MU. "Foreword: programming language interference and dependence." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 21, no. 6 (October 27, 2011): 1109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129511000168.
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Interference and dependence are closely related concepts: interference being the observable phenomenon connected with dependence. Essentially, interference means that the behaviour of some parts of a dynamic system may influence the behaviour of other parts of the same system, while dependence specifies how the semantics of sub-components of a dynamic system are related. Identifying, measuring and controlling interference is essential in many aspects of modern computer science, in particular, in security, program analysis and verification, debugging, systems specification, model checking, program manipulation, program slicing, reverse engineering, data mining, distributed databases and systems biology. In all these fields, dependency and interference play a key role in designing suitable abstractions or in partitioning complex systems into simpler ones. Reasoning about dependency and interference requires theories, models and semantics, as well as algorithms and tools for their analysis. Beginning in 2004, the series of Programming Language Interference and Dependence (PLID) workshops has been devoted to promoting and spreading cutting-edge research in this field, with a particular emphasis on unpublished results with great impact on the theoretical basis. PLID2007, which was held at the The Technical University of Denmark on 21 August 2007, was particularly successful, and constituted the ideal forum for announcing a call for papers for a special journal issue on programming language interference and dependence, which would not necessarily be restricted to PLID2007 contributions. From the many expressions of interest, we selected six contributions by leading researchers in the field, some of which had been presented at the PLID2007 workshop. The selected papers focus on foundational aspects of dependency and interference, with applications in language-based security, data-base management systems and program slicing.
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Wang, Hao, and Ze Yu Han. "Applied Technology in Design and Implementation of Infrared Communication Module." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.302.
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Infrared communication technology is a short-range wireless communications technology widely adopted in the world today range .This paper detailedly introduces the basic principles of infrared protocol. Infrared communications applications of this paper is to achieve system applications of infrared communication between two development boxes with an infrared transceiver modules.The program consists of PC program and lower computer program two parts,also are called infrared communication basic procedures and infrared communication console program.Running PC program on a PC,running lower computer program on the development box.Based on Borch-company's S3C2410-S ARM9, experimental development box implements a infrared communications infrastructure lower computer program based on serial meeting SIR standards.By calling the Qt graphics library,using the programming language C++,it achieves a visual infrared communication console PC program under linux system.
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GERGATSOULIS, MANOLIS, and CHRISTOS NOMIKOS. "A PROOF PROCEDURE FOR TEMPORAL LOGIC PROGRAMMING." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 15, no. 02 (April 2004): 417–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054104002509.
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In this paper, we propose a new resolution proof procedure for the branching-time logic programming language Cactus. The particular strength of the new proof procedure, called CSLD-resolution, is that it can handle, in a more general way, open-ended queries, i.e. goal clauses that include atoms which do not refer to specific moments in time, without the need of enumerating all their canonical instances. We also prove soundness, completeness and independence of the computation rule for CSLD-resolution. The new proof procedure overcomes the limitations of a family of proof procedures for temporal logic programming languages, which were based on the notions of canonical program and goal clauses. Moreover, it applies directly to Chronolog programs and it can be easily extended to apply to multi-dimensional logic programs as well as to Chronolog(MC) programs.
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Farthing, I., G. Love, VD Scott, and CT Walker. "A new and versatile computer program for correcting EPMA data." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132923.
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A new computer program has been developed to convert electron probe microanalysis data into accurate measurements of chemical composition. It is menu-based and designed to operate off-line using any IBM PC compatible computer. As shown in the flowchart, fig. 1, the architecture is modular and the programming language adopted is a compilable version of BASIC which possesses much of the processing speed associated with FORTRAN or C. Specimens containing up to fifteen elements, with 4 ≤ Z ≤ 96, can be handled and all the major x-ray lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, L(β, Mα and Mβ) are available for analysis purposes.The procedure itself is based upon the classical ZAF approach in which corrections for atomic number (Z), x-ray absorption (A), characteristic fluorescence (Fl) and continuum fluorescence (F2) are treated independently. The factors dealing with fluorescence are essentially those of Reed (characteristic) and Springer (continuum) although both contain minor updates. However, the atomic number and absorption factors are the authors' own and the latter, developed from a quadrilateral representation of the x-ray distribution with depth in a solid, distinguishes this program from others.