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Journal articles on the topic 'Basic income – germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Opielka, Michael. "The likelihood of a basic income in Germany." International Social Security Review 61, no. 3 (2008): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.2008.00317.x.

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Bähr, Sebastian, Corinna Frodermann, Julian Kohlruss, Alexander Patzina, Jens Stegmaier, and Mark Trappmann. "COVID-19, subjective well-being and basic income support in Germany." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 68, no. 1 (2022): 85–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2022-0005.

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Abstract We investigate the general effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective well-being and determine whether this effect differs between recipients of basic income support (BIS) and the rest of the working-age population in Germany. BIS recipients constitute one of the most disadvantaged groups in Germany and might lack resources for coping with the crisis. Thus, our analysis contributes to investigations of whether the pandemic exacerbates or equalises preexisting social inequality. Our analysis employs data from the panel survey “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS). These data ha

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Neumärker, Bernhard, Bianca Blum, Burhan Yalcin, and Sema Yalcin. "UBI in Times of Crisis: The Net Basic Income Discussing the Case of Germany." Journal for Markets and Ethics 9, no. 1 (2021): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jome-2021-0002.

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Abstract The measures taken to contain the Covid-19 pandemic have resulted in, among other things, massive loss of earnings. Many people are therefore increasingly experiencing an income crisis in addition to the acute health crisis. Permanent existential insecurity remains for too many despite the numerous aid packages. The principle of need-based assistance and the determination of need for the provision of aid are proving to be insufficient. In the current crisis, earned incomes are affected most of all due to the measures taken. This leads to an asymmetric distribution of the crisis-induce

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Frenkel, Michael. "Why an Unconditional Basic Income is Highly Problematic – General Considerations and Quantitative Implications for the Case of Germany." Journal for Markets and Ethics 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jome-2021-0001.

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Abstract The concept of an unconditional basic income is not new, but it is still the subject of much controversy. This paper looks at the quantitative effects of introducing an unconditional basic income, using Germany as an example. It examines the financial implications and other major problems of an unconditional livable income measure. The analysis shows that an unconditional basic income at the level generally called for by its proponents would require massive tax increases and thus a substantial redistribution of income from the middle and upper ends of the income scale downward.

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BUCHER-KOENEN, TABEA, and ANNAMARIA LUSARDI. "Financial literacy and retirement planning in Germany." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 10, no. 4 (2011): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000485.

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AbstractWe examine financial literacy in Germany using data from the SAVE survey. We find that knowledge of basic financial concepts is lacking among women, the less educated, and those living in East Germany. In particular, those with low education and low income in East Germany have low financial literacy compared to their West German counterparts. Interestingly, there is no gender disparity in financial knowledge in the East. In order to investigate the nexus of causality between financial literacy and retirement planning, we develop an instrumental variables strategy by making use of regio

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Raymond, Keith “Doc.” "Never Enough (Until You Earn It)." After Dinner Conversation 4, no. 5 (2023): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20234544.

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Does basic income encourage laziness? What obligations does a country that willingly accepts a refugee has to the person they accept? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Sbongo is an African refugee who escaped to Turkey and was granted asylum in Germany. His life immediately improves as Germany offers him “basic income,” more money than he has ever received in his life. Initially, he spends his days walking the streets, enjoying a simple life. However, over time, he becomes jealous of the wealth of those around him. First, he gets a job at a Kebob store and loses his basic inco

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BRUCKMEIER, KERSTIN, TORSTEN LIETZMANN, and ANNA THERESA SAILE. "Welfare Dynamics and Employment: Heterogeneous Paths Through Means-tested Basic Income in Germany." Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 2 (2019): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000229.

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AbstractThis study contributes to the international literature on welfare dynamics, by providing a differentiated picture of paths through the means-tested Basic Income for recipients who are capable of working, after the reorganisation of the basic income system in Germany in 2005. We analyse the employment and benefit trajectories of individuals who became recipients for the first time between 2007 and 2009 by methods of sequence and cluster analysis based on representative administrative individual data. We find a significant polarisation between long-term recipients and those with an early

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Bae, Hae-Sun. "Public Pension and Basic Pension as Measures against Poverty for Elderly Women in Korea and Germany." Korean-Japanese Economic and Management Association 103 (May 30, 2024): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46396/kjem..103.2.

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Purpose: Korea reached an aging rate of 18.4% in 2023, and it is expected to reach 20.6% in 2025, making it a super-aged society. Meanwhile, Germany became a super-aged society in 2008, with an aging rate over 21%. In Korea and Germany, social concern about the elderly's poverty is increasing as the aging rate increases. However, there is a large difference between Korea and Germany in the relative poverty rate of the elderly, in particular for elderly women. This paper focuses on women's pension rights in the public pension and the basic security benefit in old age as measures against poverty

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Choi, Sung Ho. "Study of basic income guarantee with a focus on models discussed in Germany." Zeitschrift der Koreanisch-Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Sozialwissenschaften 23, no. 1 (2013): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19032/zkdgs.2013.03.23.1.91.

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Özcan, Buşra. "TAX POLICY IN THE WORLD OF SPORT EXEMPLES IN TURKEY, UK, SPANISH, ITALY AND GERMANY." Arena - Journal of Physical Activities 12 (April 29, 2024): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.62591/ajpa.2023.12.07.

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Taxes are the most important source of revenue the state relies on to maintain public services. The basic objective of our tax system is to collect taxes in a fair and balanced manner, within the framework of the principles set out in the Constitution. Taxes on income make up a large proportion of tax revenues. In this context, salary income is taxed under the Income Tax Act and there are special regulations for the salary of athletes for the promotion of sport. Looking at Turkey's tax system, different methods of taxing athlete fees have been applied at different times. Comparisons with other

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Khrystoforova, Olena M., Maryna S. Tatar, Olena A. Sergienko, and Maksym V. Babenko. "Opportunities of Ukrainians’ Adaptation in Germany and Positive German Experience Implementation in the Development of Social Programs in Ukraine." Business Inform 10, no. 537 (2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-10-97-107.

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Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine Germany is among the countries that have accepted the largest number of refugees from Ukraine. Despite the financial support of Germany to Ukrainian citizens, the solvency of Ukrainians, the sufficiency of their savings accumulated in Ukraine for living in Germany, the opportunities and problems for adaptation in Germany associated with the language barrier, the need for retraining of specialists in many specialties, problems for buying own housing in Germany, etc. remain a topical issue. The main indicators of the development of Germany and Ukraine, t

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Wilke, Felix. "Institutionalized Normality and Individual Living Situations. The Non-Take-Up of Old-Age Basic Income Support in Germany." Swiss Journal of Sociology 47, no. 2 (2021): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjs-2021-0014.

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Abstract The study analyzes the non-take-up of means-tested benefits among older people in Germany using GSOEP (2010–2015). The results suggest that 6 out of 10 do not claim benefits. To explain non-take-up the study looks at differences between individual living situations and institutionalized normality. The empirical section deals with three dimensions of the living situation: coping with financial hardship, acknowledgment of previous achievements, and temporal dynamics. While coping and temporal dynamics prove to be relevant, the results regarding acknowledgment are mixed.

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Andrade, Ivo, and Tobias Bürger. "Welche Unterstützung junge Menschen bei Unternehmensgründungen wichtig finden." Wirtschaftsdienst 105, no. 2 (2025): 138–42. https://doi.org/10.2478/wd-2025-0035.

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Abstract Entrepreneurial activity among young people in Germany remains low, thereby limiting Germany’s future innovation potential. A conjoint analysis of 297 young entrepreneurial-minded individuals identifies financial support – such as a start-up basic income and access to venture capital – as the most effective measures for increasing the attractiveness of youth entrepreneurship besides networking, mentoring and educational offers. Targeted supporting measures could help activate an untapped entrepreneurial potential and strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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Peltner, Jonas, and Silke Thiele. "Elasticities of Food Demand in Germany – A Demand System Analysis Using Disaggregated Household Scanner Data." German Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 1 (2021): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30430/70.2021.1.49-62.

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This paper presents price and income elasticities of food demand for Germany. Using disaggregated household scanner data and the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The QUAIDS is modified to account for censoring and include household demographics. Furthermore, a two-stage budgeting approach is used to more accurately reflect households’ purchasing behaviour. Having disaggregated data also allowed to include convenience aspects into the demand system. High expenditure elasticities are found for fruits and nuts and meat, fish and eggs. The highest own-price elasticity is found for be

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Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta, and Radosław Ziembiński. "Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimal Income Taxation." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 11 (2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13110251.

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This paper, intended for researchers, introduces a stochastic method for calculating the optimal tax schedule based on taxpayer utility, population skill distribution, and wages. It implements and extends the classic approach to optimal income tax calculation introduced by J.A. Mirrlees. A genetic algorithm is applied instead of the numerical or analytical method of solving the problem. In the experimental part of the article, we took basic statistics for Germany in 2017 to infer about the distribution skills and wages of the working population. Their aim was to verify whether our approach wou

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Tubadji, Annie, and Nataly Gnezdilova. "The German miracle or the miracle of the cultural attitude." International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 11 (2014): 1014–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2012-0211.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between redistribution, convergence and local cultural capital (as defined by culture-based development concept). Design/methodology/approach – The paper infers the basic mechanism of the cultural dependence of convergence and inequality – through an empirical test for the case of the “German job miracle” during the current crisis. Two empirical questions are asked: first, is local income inequality associated with local cultural capital and second, is the negative convergence between East and West Germany during the crisis related to

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Welskop-Deffaa, Eva M. "Chancensicherung für alle Kinder." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 72, no. 2 (2023): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2023-2014.

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Abstract The opportunities of children and young people in social and cultural life in Germany depend to a large extent on the disposable income of their parents. Against this background the question arises: What can be done for poor families to improve opportunities for all children? In addition to a basic guarantee of a family-friendly social infrastructure, the guaranteed child allowance (Kindergrundsicherung) was proposed as a financial contribution to securing opportunities for children. After one year of unfruitful political debate about the funding of the guaranteed child allowance, the

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König, T. "Gesundheitsfonds und morbiditätsorientierter Risikostrukturausgleich." Hämostaseologie 30, S 01 (2010): S70—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619081.

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SummaryThe Gesundheitsfonds (national health fund) was established in Germany on January 1st, 2009, in combination with the morbiditybased risk structure equalization (RSA) in order to manage the cash flow between the statutory health insurances. The RSA equalizes income differences due to the varying levels of contributory income of the members of a health insurance (basic wage totals) and expenditure differences due to varying distribution of morbidity risks across different health insurances, as well as the varying numbers of non-contributing insured family members. Additionally, insured pe

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Funcke, Antje, and Sarah Menne. "Die Kindergrundsicherung – eine gute Investition in die nachwachsende Generation." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 72, no. 2 (2023): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2023-2012.

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Abstract Child poverty is a structural problem in Germany. More than one child in five is at risk of poverty. The introduction of a basic child benefit is therefore an effective measure to prevent poverty. To this end, it must cover the age-related needs of children, be effective above all at the lower end of the income scale in order to support in particular those children who grow up in poverty. It must also be transparent and unbureaucratic, making it is as easy as possible for families to claim this benefit.. Simulations show the effects of a basic child benefit in terms of poverty prevent

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Zimmermann, Katharina, Urban Boljka, Tatjana Rakar, and Maša Filipovič Hrast. "The social legitimacy of the universal basic income from a social justice perspective: a comparative analysis of Germany and Slovenia." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 36, no. 3 (2020): 301–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ics.2020.29.

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AbstractThe universal basic income (UBI) has found its way into public debates and has prominent advocates across almost all political camps. In many debates, it is presented as a solution for the consequences of a large variety of current societal challenges, such as unemployment, over-education, ecological crises, gender inequality and issues related to digitalization and automatization. While UBI has been discussed broadly from an expert position, we know very little about the population’s perceptions of UBI. Thus, to shed light on the public legitimacy of UBI as a radically different conce

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21

De Pintor, Eduardo, Geisiane Michelle Zanquetta de Pintor, and Carlos Alberto Piacenti. "The impact of agricultural policy in Brazil and Germany: a comparative approach between the Western Mesoregion of Paraná and Nordrhein-Westfalen State." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA 76, no. 3 (2022): 23–39. https://doi.org/10.36253/rea-12811.

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In Brazil, agriculture has fulfilled its basic functions, being strongly linked to economic dynamics and food security. It has thus contributed to economic growth. In the European Union (EU) agriculture has played a prominent role which, after The Second World War, has unfolded in the formulation of a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which has been mainly based on providing food security. The study is included in this context. It aims to measure the incentives of agricultural policy for cereal production in the Western Mesoregion of Paraná and the State of Nordrhein-Westfalen from 2005 to 2017

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Voelker, Hans-Ullrich, Gerhard Stauch, Annette Strehl, Yasmin Azima, and Hans-Konrad Mueller-Hermelink. "Diagnostic validity of static telepathology supporting hospitals without local pathologists in low-income countries." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 26, no. 5 (2018): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x18818745.

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Introduction Static telepathology (TP) was used to support a hospital in Tanzania that cannot employ a resident pathologist but has a basic laboratory. Histological slides were prepared by the local technical staff and digital images were uploaded into an Internet-based system; consultant pathologists in Germany could give their opinion. The aim of the study was to examine the diagnostic validity of this project without local pathologists. Methods The set-up period for special training of local technical assistants was 10 weeks. Diagnoses of the first 545 cases that were processed via TP were

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Caprara, Gian Vittorio, Michele Vecchione, Shalom H. Schwartz, et al. "The Contribution of Religiosity to Ideology: Empirical Evidences From Five Continents." Cross-Cultural Research 52, no. 5 (2018): 524–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397118774233.

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The current study examines the extent to which religiosity account for ideological orientations in 16 countries from five continents (Australia, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Greece, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Results showed that religiosity was consistently related to right and conservative ideologies in all countries, except Australia. This relation held across different religions, and did not vary across participant’s demographic conditions (i.e., gender, age, income, and education). After controlling for ba

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P.Andichamy and P.K.Pandiyaraj. "Students Attitude Towards Private Computer Education Centres in Theni Town - A Factor Analysis." Shanlax International Journal of Management 6, S1 (2019): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2590383.

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Development of science and technology is accelerated by the invention of computer. The computers are considered as an indispensable part of life and if finds its use many places, right from our home to the moon. Computers are fast becoming the basic tools for many inventions and studies. Hence, in the highly competitor and complex world of today, getting employment opportunities and developing the business are highly impossible without the support of computer knowledge. Computed education has today become extremely important and it plays vital role in making employment and also in foreign coun

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Wagner, Fred. "Die Aktienrente der Bundesregierung: Zielsetzung, Konzept, Gestaltungsfragen und Würdigungen." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 72, no. 1 (2023): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2023-2004.

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Abstract The statutory pension insurance in Germany is facing a massive financing problem. The background are demographic developments with a clearly aging population and the concept of „current income financing” – meaning that a decreasing number of people of working age have to pay the pension for an increasing number of people of retirement age with their social security premiums. Likewise the federal government set “stop bars” as political objectives, according to which premiums shall not rise above a certain level, pensions not fall below a certain level and the retirement age not be incr

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Quilitzsch, Carsten, and Ronald Gebhardt. "Cross-Border Loss Relief in the EU: Implications of Recent Developments in Germany Regarding Outbound Permanent Establishments." EC Tax Review 20, Issue 6 (2011): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2011031.

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Even though the European Court of Justice (ECJ) had been forming the basic framework of cross-border relief of final losses in the EU, the issue was widely disputed among commentators. For this reason, the German Federal Finance Court (BFH) in 2010 had been given the chance to further concretize the concept of 'final losses'. The primary focus of the present article is to illustrate the BFH's ruling as well as to extract possible implications including tax planning opportunities. Implications contain comments on the criteria to constitute a final loss, since the BFH decided to differentiate be

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Bonin, Holger. "Tragfähiger sozialer Arbeitsmarkt – Solidarisches Grundeinkommen für alle oder Teilhabeförderung für wenige?" Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 67, no. 2 (2018): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2018-0012.

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Abtract The comment assesses two opposed approaches to design a social labor market for better social inclusion of the unemployed currently under debate in Germany. One approach is the so-called solidary basic income which would offer a choice to take up public employment to all unemployed on social welfare. We argue that the proposal raises serious concerns on both equity and efficiency grounds. In particular, it may lead capable unemployed into dead ends and generate economic losses, as it shifts reservation wages concerning private sector jobs upwards by a wide margin. The other approach is

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Bucher-Koenen, Tabea, and Caroline Knebel. "Finanzwissen und Finanzbildung in Deutschland – Was wissen wir eigentlich?" Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 90, no. 1 (2021): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.90.1.11.

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Zusammenfassung: Im internationalen Vergleich verfügen die Deutschen über ein relativ hohes Finanzwissen. Allerdings bedeutet dies nicht, dass Finanzwissen universell verbreitet ist. Der Anteil der Befragten, der drei grundlegende Fragen zu Zins, Inflation und Risikodiversifikation richtig beantworten kann, liegt zwischen 53 % und 62 %. Dieser Anteil liegt bei Frauen, älteren Menschen, Personen mit geringem Einkommen und geringer Bildung deutlich niedriger. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich Finanzwissen positiv auf Finanzentscheidungen auswirkt. Zudem können Finanzbildungsprog

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MIMENTZA MARTIN, Janire. "Renta básica y Constitución en el Estado Social alemán (De la renta básica universal a la renta básica colectiva)." RVAP 114, no. 114 (August 30, 2019): 201–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.114.2019.05.

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LABURPENA: Gaur egun, enplegu prekarioek ez dute gutxieneko bizitza ziurtatzen, eta etorkizunerako «lana amaitzea» aurreikusten da. Gainera, ongizate sistemen akatsen eta mugen aurrean, beharrezkoa da gizarte-babeserako sistema berraztertzea: oinarrizko errenta unibertsala aukera popularrena dela dirudi. Oinarrizko errenta gizarte-erreformaren ideiarekin bat etortzen den arren, ikerketa honen pertzepzioak aurrerapen txikien politika gidatu behar dela ezartzea du, azken batean, Gizarte Segurantzako sistema bateratze partzial bat lortuz, eta ez bera desegitea. Gaur egun, ezaugarri hauei dagozkie

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Gutsalenko, L. V., and D. O. Mokiienko. "Modern remuneration system in foreign country." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 1 (2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.01.040.

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The article describes the formation features of modern remuneration systems, taking into account the main aspects and methods of labour organization in foreign countries. It also determines the requirements for compulsory salary increase in certain foreign countries. The article focuses on the observers’ forecast of remuneration level changes and the formation of five trends in employee salary and additional payments, such as: regular bonus payments for performance; transparent remuneration; more employees will receive bonuses; analysis of equity aimed at remuneration payments; the formation b

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Soh, Changrok, and Myung Ha Kim. "A New Road to the Welfare State: Discussion on the Viability of Universal Basic Income in Germany and the United States in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution." East and West Studies 30, no. 3 (2018): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29274/ews.2018.30.3.127.

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Kim, Yong-Deog. "A Study on the Balance of Transformation in Poland over 30 Years: Focusing on the Transition to Market Economy and Economic Development." Korea Association of World History and Culture 63 (June 30, 2022): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.06.63.5.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic, social, and political changes in Poland over the past 30 years since the transformation in 1989, and at the same time to examine the biggest challenges that Poland has to solve in the short and medium term. In making this assessment, various indices and figures are referenced as The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal for the transformation, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development for the transition to market economy and economic freedom, and the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and GDP per capita for economic developmen

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Odiņa, Indra, and Inga Zeide. "THE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFELONG LEARNING." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 26, 2017): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol2.2376.

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In 2006 the European Parliament and European Union Council has defined eight key competences for lifelong learning, necessary for personal fulfillment and development, active citizenship, social inclusion and employment. Since the economic crisis of 2008, the world is looking for new ways and methods to ensure the well-fare and reformulate the value of human life. Currently at EU level, one of the most important debates closely connected with the basic context of lifelong learning is on the dimensions of life quality.  The desk study deals with the qualitative content analysis of t

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Langer, Matthias, David Durán-Rodas, and Elias Pajares. "Exploring a quantitative assessment approach for car dependence: A case study in Munich." Journal of Transport and Land Use 16, no. 1 (2023): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2111.

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While discussions are ongoing about the exact meaning of car dependence, its assessment has been primarily qualitative. The few quantitative approaches adopted so far have tended to analyze either high car use and ownership or a lack of public transport accessibility as indicators of car dependence. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate car dependence in Munich after merging these three aspects—car use, ownership, and lack of public transportation—and identify its associated potential spatial predictors. The exploratory approach is applied to traffic zones in the transit service area arou

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Burdelova, T. N. "New Opportunities for Citizens to Participate in the Initiative Financing of the Budgets of Secondary Schools." Economics, taxes & law 17, no. 4 (2024): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2024-17-4-82-91.

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The subject of the study is the state of financing of Russian schools. The purpose of the work is to identify opportunities for individuals and legal entities to participate in the financing of secondary schools. To ensure the competitiveness of Russian higher education, it is necessary to create a solid foundation for secondary education so that school graduates have the highest basic education, so that families do not have to bear the huge costs of additional private education in grades 10 and 11 (tutors and additional courses in preparation for the Unified State Exam) to successfully pass t

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PETRUSHENKO, YURIY, FEDIR ZHURAVKA, IRYNA MAREKHA, and MARIYA NOVGORODCEVA. "INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FACTORS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 294, no. 3 (2021): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-294-3-32.

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In the article, the authors analyze the scope of international tourism development factors based on factological and statistical grounds. It was proven in the article that on the macro-level tourist markets can be grouped into national and oversea ones. The classification of the national markets implies their division into highly-intensive markets (USA, Germany, Great Britain, etc.), stabilized markets (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Poland, etc.), reformed markets (Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, China, etc.), ant accumulated markets (India, Tunis, Egypt, Cuba, etc.). The basic factors affecting the inte

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Ziętara, Wojciech, Michał Pietrzak, and Agata Malak-Rawlikowska. "Polish Dairy Farm Transformations and Competitiveness 20 Years after Poland’s Accession to the European Union." Animals 14, no. 13 (2024): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14132013.

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Poland is one of the leading milk producers in the EU, being the fifth largest after countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and the Netherlands. From Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 up to 2022, Polish milk production experienced dynamic development. In this, there occurred a strong decline in the number of dairy farms (by −78%) and the number of cows (by −21%), an increase in dairy herd size (3.5 times) and increase in milk production (+60%) and milk yield per cow (by +62%). These were among the highest growth dynamics among the analysed countries. As a result of this signi

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Taeger, Mareike, and Silke Thiele. "Additional costs of lactose-reduced diets: lactose-free dairy product substitutes are a cost-effective alternative for people with lactose intolerance." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 13 (2021): 4043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021002779.

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AbstractObjective:People with lactose intolerance have to limit their consumption of lactose-containing dairy products which are a main source of Ca. In particular, for low-income people it is of interest which alternative diet form rich in Ca leads to the lowest additional costs. This study aims to calculate the additional costs of lactose-reduced diets and to show which of different options represent the most cost-effective alternative within a lactose-reduced diet.Design:Using linear programming, food baskets with different lactose contents were calculated and were compared to a basic model

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Kim, Nam Wook, and Dong Ryun Kim. "Legal issues concerning the introduction of environmental tax." National Public Law Review 19, no. 3 (2023): 29–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.29.

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Climate change caused by rising greenhouse gases is causing ecological destruction, explosive flames, extreme rainfall and cold weather, earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, food shortages, epidemics, etc., and poses environmental risks to the earth and humankind. Countries around the world, including South Korea, have declared carbon neutrality through the Paris Convention and have introduced emissions trading schemes, carbon taxes, energy taxes, and climate change taxes. Recently, in order to introduce a carbon tax, which is the core means of a decarbonized economy and carbon neutrality, South

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Kryzhevskyi, A., and O. Kryzhevska. "PUBLIC POLICY IN THE SPHERE OF HEALTH PROTECTION IN LEADING COUNTRIES OF EUROPE: LEGAL ASPECT." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 115 (2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2020/5.115-7.

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The article examines the state policy in the field of health care in the leading European countries: Sweden, Germany and France. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize the basic organizational and legal foundations of state health policy in the EU and to develop recommendations for improving and reforming the Ukrainian health care system. The research was carried out in terms of the principles of historicism, objectivity, versatility, complementarity and validity, which created a reliable methodological basis for a comprehensive analysis of the subject. The work used compara

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Plisko, Yevhen, and Violetta Tsokalo. "Social Security Policy and Activities of Social Services of Ukraine." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University 2, no. 1 (339) (2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-1(339)-2-72-79.

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The article analyzes the activities of the social protection system and social services of Ukraine. The concept of «social protection» is defined, the classification of the social protection system according to the models of social policy of other countries (Austria, England, Germany, USA, France, Japan) is given. The only principle of social protection according to the given models is formulated – joint action of a complex of measures which are directed on increase of well-being and quality of life of the population (economic, household, social). The socially-oriented policy of Ukraine, which

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Gries, Thomas, and Paul J. J. Welfens. "Testing as an approach to control the Corona epidemic dynamics and avoid lockdowns." International Economics and Economic Policy 18, no. 1 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10368-021-00495-5.

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AbstractVaccinations, lockdowns and testing strategies are three potential elements of an effective anti-coronavirus, and in particular Covid-19, health policy. The following analysis considers - within a simple model - the potentially crucial role of a Corona testing approach in combination with a quarantine approach which is shown herein to be a substitute for broad lockdown measures. The cost of lockdowns/shutdowns are rather high so that – beyond progress in terms of a broad vaccination program – a rational testing strategy should also be carefully considered. Testing has to be organized o

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An-Yuan CHANG, An-Yuan CHANG, and Po-Yen LAI An-Yuan CHANG. "Research on the Correlation between Industry 4.0 and Sustainable Development in the Machine Tool industry – Application of QFD and Fuzzy MADM methods." 青年企業管理評論 16, no. 1 (2023): 043–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207308882023101601003.

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<p>Starting in 2025, Taiwan will introduce a requirement that listed companies with a paid-in capital of less than 2 billion NTD need to prepare a sustainability report. Most of the actual income scale of Taiwan&rsquo;s machine tool industry falls within this range. In response to the requirement, the machine tool industry must reduce its impact on the environment and society and strike a balance while increasing economic returns. This is undoubtedly a major challenge for the machine tool industry, which is one of the most internationally competitive industries in Taiwan. If sustaina

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Fechter, Charlotte, and Werner Sesselmeier. "Exploring the Impact of Adjusting the Basic Pension on Lower-Income Groups in the German Pension System." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 70, no. 2 (2024): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2023-0017.

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Abstract This article explores the impact of adjustments to the basic pension (Grundrente) on lower income groups in the German pension system. This is done by hypothesizing that the basic pension reform is weakening status maintenance in the German welfare state for lower-income groups. We analyse monetary gains from the basic pension across different groups. We then adjust the eligibility criteria for the basic pension regarding the length of contribution periods and earning points threshold. From these findings, the paper develops a systematization for what needs to be considered in future

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Zvarych, Iryna. "“TAX SHIFT” AS A SMART PRECONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF INCLUSIVE CIRCULAR ECONOMY." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.277.

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The author outlines the role of environmental or “green” taxes that are less burdensome for the economy than taxes on salaries or income taxes, with the description of the best examples of the 1990s (Sweden, the Netherlands). The importance of Ex'tax and smart approach to the tax shift, which creates incentives for saving natural resources and outputting materials in a closed loop, are singled out. Reduction of taxes for labor leads to employment increase. Business models, in their turn, will focus on the wise use of resources, that is, they will become circularly oriented. It is investigated

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Melnyk, Mykola, Andrii Blyzniukov, Svitlana Kolomiiets, and Ruslan Dinits. "Socio-economic determinants of public healthcare." Health Economics and Management Review 5, no. 1 (2024): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.61093/hem.2024.1-03.

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The main socio-economic mission of the healthcare system is to participate in the formation of workforce, strengthen the labor potential of society, and promote economic growth. The national health serves as an important economic resource. The COVID-19 pandemic has proven that losses due to illness and absence of employees from the workplace have negative economic consequences. The bibliometric study conducted via the VOSViewer bibliometric analysis of Scopus publications in 2014-2024 for the query “socio-economic determinants of public healthcare” allowed to structure the scientific work with

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Kritikos, Alexander S., Johanna Schulze Düding, Octavio Morales, and Maximilian Priem. "Untere Einkommensgruppen noch gezielter entlasten." Wirtschaftsdienst 102, no. 8 (2022): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-022-3253-x.

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AbstractPrices for energy and food are currently rising extraordinarily sharply. Households with low net incomes in particular are being burdened by the price increases, in some cases dramatically. According to current inflation forecasts, price increases for the lowest-income ten percent would mean a burden of 5.3 percent of their net household income in 2022. Since the low-income deciles cannot compensate for the additional expenditure by reducing their savings rate or possible reserves, nor can they restrict their consumption behavior to a corresponding extent since they primarily consume g

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DZHEDZHULA, Olena. "THE ECONOMIC MODEL OF GERMANY AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL STABILITY OF DIGITAL SOCIETY." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 3 (53) (October 4, 2020): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-3-8.

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The article highlights the results of the analysis of the economic model of Germany and its impact on the social stability of society in the context of globalization and the development of digital technologies. The social orientation and sustainability of the German economy provides high standards of living for the population according to criteria such as the level of social stratification of society and poverty, unemployment and inflation, medical care, food security, a well-developed infrastructure, affordable and quality education. The priorities of the German economic model are aimed at in

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Lima, Márcio Amorim Tolentino, Tauane Freitas Alves, and Thaisa Souza Oliveira. "Epidemiologia e Adesão Terapêutica no Tratamento de Pacientes com Tuberculose Atendidos na Unidade Básica de Saúde Dr. José Maria de Magalhães Neto – Bahia." UNICIÊNCIAS 22, no. 1 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2018v22n1p45-48.

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A Tuberculose – TB é uma doença distinguida como fatal, causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bactéria identificada em 24 de março de 1882, em Berlim (Alemanha) por Robert Koch. Sua transmissão ocorre por via aérea, de um indivíduo doente a um sadio. O escopo do trabalho foi identificar os aspectos que contribuem e dificultam a adesão ao tratamento terapêutico de jovens com tuberculose, além de descrever o perfil dos pacientes nos casos notificados de tuberculose e a sequência do tratamento na cidade de Itabuna. Foi realizado um questionário estruturado com perguntas objetivas e aplicado en

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Bruckmeier, Kerstin, and Jürgen Wiemers. "Neuregelung der Hinzuverdienstmöglichkeiten für Transferbeziehende: keine leichte Aufgabe." Wirtschaftsdienst 102, no. 2 (2022): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-022-3107-6.

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AbstractIn its coalition agreement, the German government proposes a reorganisation of the rules of earned income to be considered as a means test of basic income. In doing so, it takes up a frequently voiced criticism of the design of the basic income support for job-seekers under Book II of the Social Code. In recent years, researchers have called for a strengthening of (monetary) incentives to work, especially to take up employment with higher weekly working hours. In this paper, we summarise potential effects of such a reform on labour supply, the income distribution and the government bud

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