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Melo, Tatiana Lima de, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, and Cesar Enrique de Melo. "Influence of environmental parameters on fish assemblage of a neotropical river with a flood pulse regime, Central Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 3 (September 2009): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000300009.
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This study aims to determine which of twelve environmental parameters (five physicochemical and seven hydromorphological) influence on the fish assemblage structure of the lower Mortes River basin located in the Bananal floodplain of the Araguaia River basin, Central Brazil. Sampling was conducted in six stretches of 1000 m each during the high and low waters. Fish were captured using gill nets and environmental parameters were measured by portable equipment or determined visually. The co-inertia analysis indicated that two physicochemical (dissolved oxygen and water transparency), and four hydromorphological (channel width and depth, riparian vegetation cover and type of the riverside substrate) parameters structure the fish assemblages, both driven by the regional hydrological patterns (flood pulse). These results are explained by fish-environmental parameters relationship characteristic of the aquatic Neotropical systems.
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Bezerra, Alexandra Maria Ramos, Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr., and Jader Marinho-Filho. "The amazon bamboo rat Dactylomys dactylinus (Rodentia: Echimydae: Dactylomyinae) in the cerrado of central Brazil." Biota Neotropica 7, no. 1 (2007): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032007000100030.
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Until recently, the distribution of Dactylomys dactylinus was considered to be restricted to forest habitats from the western Amazon to the east of the Xingu River in Brazil. Individuals of D. dactylinus were rescued in January 1997 from the rising waters of the hydroelectric dam of Serra da Mesa, in Central Brazil. This record extends the southern limit of the distribution of D. dactylinus, and represents also the first occurrence of this species in the Cerrado biome. The specimens were collected in patches of gallery forest of the Tocantins River and its tributaries. The Tocantins is the main river of the Araguaia-Tocantins basin. Its headwaters are located in the Cerrado biome and it is a tributary of the delta of the Amazonas River. The presence of D. dactylinus, a characteristic Amazonian lowland forest species, in the core area of the Cerrado is an evidence of the role of forested environments as mesic corridors that have been contributing to the increase of mammalian diversity in this biome.
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Giongo, Patrícia, Wagner Martins Santana Sampaio, Frederico Belei, Fabricia Kohler de Carvalho, Anderson Fernandes, and Jorge Abdala Dergam. "Ichthyofauna of the Carrapato, Mutum and Caba Saco streams (Araguaia River Basin), Serra dos Carajás region, southeastern Pará, Brazil." Check List 7, no. 4 (June 1, 2011): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.4.517.
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The ichthyofaunistic studies from the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin are mainly concentrated in the main channel of the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers, due to faunal studies required for hydroelectric projects. Brooks and streams are usually neglected, though they represent the habitats most threatened by human activities. These small water courses present a great diversity of fishes, and they also have high rates of endemic species. The study was conducted from December 2009 to January 2010. For the inventory, the methodology used was the Rapid Assessment Program (RAP). In each sampled area three types of data collection were utilized: open interviews with local fishermen, naked eye fish surveying, and fishing with cast nets and gill nets. This study aimed to identify the main fish species that occur in the Mutum and Caba Saco streams, that form the Pau D’Arco River, and in the Carrapato Stream that flows to the Preto River, both belonging to the Araguaia River Basin.
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Salla, Marcio Ricardo, Javier Paredes Arquiola, Abel Solera, Joaquin Andreu Alvarez, Carlos Eugenio Pereira, Jose Eduardo Alamy Filho, and Andre Luiz De Oliveira. "Integrated modeling of water quantity and quality in the Araguari River basin, Brazil." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 42, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol42-issue1-fulltext-19.
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Gomes, Dênis José Cardoso, Édria Valdenice Santos Sousa, Nedilson Sanches Ferreira, Richard Reno da Costa Lobato, Bárbara Farias Ribeiro, and Gustavo Francesco de Morais Dias. "Vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica do solo, bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguaia." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p816-833.
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O entendimento dos efeitos climáticos e do uso do solo em conjunto é crucial para análise ambiental e prevenções de desastres naturais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica do solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguaia. Usou-se dados de precipitação (Agência Nacional das Águas); uso e ocupação da terra (Projeto MapBiomas); declividade (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) e de solo (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisas Agropecuária) no cálculo de mapas através do geoprocessamento para obter-se a representação da erosão hídrica do solo. A bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguaia caracteriza-se na maior parte por zonas de transição de estabilidade e vulnerabilidade, porém destaca-se as áreas estáveis nas proximidades da foz, regiões críticas á sudoeste (Rio das Mortes), nos limites (leste) do Alto Araguaia, nas partes sudeste e sudoeste do Baixo Araguaia. Na escala climática, a precipitação não apresenta riscos significativos. No entanto, o intenso uso e ocupação da terra na região foi a forçante que maior agravou a vulnerabilidade, principalmente em áreas (declives e solo) naturalmente instáveis. Assim, algumas cidades precisam estar em alerta para possíveis eventos erosivos. Vulnerability to soil water erosion, Araguaia basin riverA B S T R A C TThe Understanding climate effects and land use together is crucial for environmental analysis and natural disaster prevention. The objective of this work is to analyze the vulnerability to soil water erosion in the hydrographic basin of the Araguaia river. Rainfall data (National Water Agency) was used; land use and occupation (MapBiomas Project); slope (National Institute for Space Research) and soil (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) in the calculation of maps through geoprocessing to obtain the representation of soil water erosion. The hydrographic basin of the Araguaia river is characterized in the most part by transition zones of stability and vulnerability, however the stable areas in the vicinity of the mouth stand out, critical regions to the southwest (Rio das Mortes), on the (eastern) limits of the Alto Araguaia, in the southeast and southwest parts of the Lower Araguaia. On the climate scale, the rainfall does not present significant risks. However, the intense use and occupation of land in the region was the forcing that increased the risk, mainly in naturally unstable areas (slopes and soil). Thus, some cities need to be alert to possible erosive events.
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Morais, Marco Antonio Vieira, Marcelo Ribeiro Viola, Carlos Rogério de Mello, Jéssica Assaid Martins Rodrigues, and Vinícius Augusto de Oliveira. "Regionalization of reference streamflows for the Araguaia River basin in Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p829.
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Hydraulic projects and water management require reliable hydrological data. The Araguaia-Tocantins River basin, in addition to agricultural use, has great potential for hydroelectric exploitation. However, the streamflow monitoring network in the Araguaia River basin is composed of only a few stations, resulting in a lack of hydrological data. The regionalization of the reference streamflows is a technique that can help circumvent this lack of data, enabling the estimation of streamflows from easily obtainable explanatory variables. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop regional functions for the maximum streamflow (Qmax) applicable to different Return Periods (RP), the long-term mean streamflow (Qmlt) and the 95% streamflow permanence (Q95) of the upper and middle Araguaia River sub-basins. The dimensionless streamflow methodology was adopted with the drainage area as an explanatory variable. The tested regressive models were the linear, potential and quotient models. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to assess the quality of the regional models. Ten statistical distributions of 2 to 5 parameters were used. (i) Satisfactory results were obtained for all reference streamflows. (ii) The cross-validation technique proved to be essential for the selection of the most robust model. (iii) The quotient model was shown to be superior to the potential linear model in most cases.
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Christofaro, Cristiano, Mônica M. Diniz Leão, Sílvia M. A. C. Oliveira, Déborah T. Viana, Camila C. Amorim, and Marcela D. Carvalho. "Spatio-temporal variations of water quality in Nova Ponte Reservoir, Araguari River Basin, Brazil." Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 17, no. 6 (April 4, 2017): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.055.
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Sousa, Adriano Marlison Leão de, Maria Isabel Vitorino, Nilza Maria dos Reis Castro, Marcel do Nascimento Botelho, and Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte de Souza. "Evapotranspiration from Remote Sensing to Improve the Swat Model in Eastern Amazonia." Floresta e Ambiente 22, no. 4 (August 25, 2015): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.083814.
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ABSTRACT In this study, we estimated the evapotranspiration from orbital images - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) for assimilation in the hydrological modeling of the SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tools) model. The data used include the period between October 2003 and December 2006 of the sub-basin of the Lajeado River, located in the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin in Tocantins state. Overall, the results of the use of heat flows estimated by remote sensors in the SWAT model can be considered satisfactory. The values of the COE (coefficient of efficiency of Nash-Sutcliffe) ranged from -0.40 to 0.91 in the comparison with the daily flow data and from 0.17 to 0.77 with the monthly flow data, with the assimilation of evapotranspiration from orbital images. These results indicate benefit to the model adjustment due to improvement in the data assimilated of approximately 0.91 in the COE on daily scale and 0.60 in the CEO on monthly scale.
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TRANCOSO, RALPH, ARNALDO CARNEIRO FILHO, JAVIER TOMASELLA, JULIANA SCHIETTI, BRUCE RIDER FORSBERG, and ROBERT PRITCHARD MILLER. "Deforestation and conservation in major watersheds of the Brazilian Amazon." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 4 (December 2009): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990373.
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SUMMARYConserving natural vegetation cover is of critical importance for maintaining the ecological integrity and hydrological properties of large river basins (more than 100 000 km2). Recent estimates indicate that more than 700 000 km2 of Brazilian Amazon have already been deforested, and to reduce further losses and preserve the important natural and cultural resources in this region, large conservation areas have been created by the Brazilian government. The present study analysed land cover and land use change in the major watersheds of the Brazilian Amazon, in order to evaluate the current balance between deforestation and conservation of natural areas in the region. The results show that watersheds draining the southern part of the basin have suffered the highest deforestation rates, with the largest losses (8.3–20% of total basin area) occurring in the Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu, Araguaia and Tocantins river basins. Most large watersheds already have significant deforestation in their headwaters, which can affect hydrological functions and ecological sustainability. The greatest allocation of land for conservation was encountered in the Trombetas, Xingu and Negro watersheds, where conservation areas occupied 92.5, 56.9 and 50.6% of the total basin, respectively. While extensive areas of the Amazon biome have been deforested, on the scale of large watersheds there is a positive balance between conservation areas and deforestation, and on average the area delimited by conservation areas is more than three times larger than the deforested areas. An analysis by subwatersheds, however, indicates that certain regions have achieved more critical levels of deforestation, in some situations affecting more than 80% of the subwatersheds.
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Costa, Wilson J. E. M., and Pedro F. Amorim. "A new miniature cryptic species of the seasonal killifish genus Spectrolebias from the Tocantins River basin, central Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)." Zoosystematics and Evolution 94, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28085.
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The miniature seasonal killifish Spectrolebiascostae, first described for the middle Araguaia River basin, has been also recorded from two areas in the middle Tocantins River basin, from where male specimens exhibit some differences in their colour pattern. Analyses directed to species delineation (GMYC and bPTP), using a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI, strongly support two species, S.costae from the Araguaia River basin and a new species from the Tocantins River basin. Spectrolebiasgracilis sp. n. is described on the basis of specimens collected from two localities separated by about 530 km, Canabrava River floodplains near Alvorada do Tocantins and Tocantins River floodplains near Palmeirante. Field inventories were unsuccessful in finding additional populations in the region, which is attributed to the high environmental degradation, including several large dams that have permanently inundated typical killifish habitats. Spectrolebiasgracilis is member of a clade also including S.costae, S.inaequipinnatus, and S.semiocellatus, diagnosed by having the dorsal and anal fins in males with iridescent dots restricted to their basal portion, caudal fin in males hyaline, and caudal-fin base with two pairs of neuromasts. Within this clade, a single miniaturisation event is supported for the most recent common ancestor of the subclade comprising S.costae and S.gracilis, which differ from other congeners by reaching only about 20 mm standard length as maximum adult size.
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Hora, Monica da, and Luiz Legey. "Water resource conflict in the Amazon region: The case of hydropower generation and multiple water uses in the Tocantins and Araguaia river basins." Journal of Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering 4, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5963/jwrhe0403002.
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Luiz, Galgane Patrícia, Pedro Ribeiro Martins, Leonardo Fernandes Gomes, and Antônio Felipe Couto Júnior. "Variação Intra-Anual da Cobertura da Terra de Uma Ottobacia no Médio Curso do Rio Araguaia (Intra-Annual Variation in Land Cover of an Ottobacia in the Middle Course of the Araguaia River )." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.4.p1563-1582.
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A Bacia do Rio Araguaia é uma região cujos ambientes mostram-se marcados pelas variações anuais de inundação. A caracterização da cobertura da terra tem o potencial de caracterização do funcionamento ecossistêmico, bem como, avaliar possíveis modificações antrópicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as variações espectrais de classes de uso e cobertura da terra da Ottobacia 6951, localizada no Médio curso do Rio Araguaia, no ano de 2017. Foram utilizadas imagens de reflectância da superfície terrestre do sensor Operational Land Imager (OLI) do satélite Landsat 8, referente aos períodos de transição chuva-seca (maio), seca (julho) e transição seca-chuva (outubro) de 2017. Para cada data foram geradas imagens-fração, através da técnica de mistura espectral, considerando três membros finais (natural, pastagem e água), evidenciando as mudanças da cobertura. Também foram gerados índices de vegetação para cada período, evidenciado os aspectos biofísicos da cobertura da terra. Para essa avaliação foram estabelecidos 50 pontos aleatórios para cada classe considerando a bacia inteira, cada unidade geomorfológica e uso e cobertura da terra. A avaliação dos padrões temporais da cobertura da terra considerou, especialmente, as relações de significância entre os fatores “cobertura” e “período”, para a realização de Análise Multivariada de Permutação (PERMANOVA). A avaliação de agrupamentos foi realizada por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), que proporciona a redução da dimensionalidade dos dados. A cobertura da terra foi a variável de maior significância das mudanças intra-anuais da Ottobacia. A classe pastagem apresentou a maior variação intra-anual, expressando um comportamento mais sensível à sazonalidade. A B S T R A C TThe Araguaia River Basin is an area whose environments are marked by annual flood variations. The characterization of the land cover has the potential to characterize the ecosystem functioning, as well as to evaluate possible anthropic changes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spectral variations of land use and land cover classes of Ottobacia 6951, located in the middle course of the Araguaia River, in the year 2017. Land surface reflectance images of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) ) of the Landsat 8 satellite, referring to the rainy-dry (May), dry (July) and dry-rainy transition (October) periods of 2017. For each date fractional images were generated, using the spectral mixing technique, considering three final members (natural, pasture and water), evidencing changes in coverage. Vegetation indexes were also generated for each period, evidencing the biophysical aspects of the land cover. For this evaluation were established 50 random points for each class considering the entire basin, each geomorphological unit and land use and coverage. The evaluation of temporal patterns of land cover considered, especially, the relations of significance between the factors "coverage" and "period", for the realization of Multivariate Analysis of Permutation (PERMANOVA). The clustering evaluation was performed through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which provides a reduction in the dimensionality of the data. Land cover was the most significant variable of Ottobacia's intra-annual changes. The pasture class had the highest intra-annual variation, expressing a behavior more sensitive to seasonality.Keyworks: river geomorphology, land cover seasonality, spectral mixing, vegetation indices, land use and cover.
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Silva Faria, Karla Maria, and Rodrigo Antônio dos Santos. "Análise Espacial da Densidade de Fragmentos Remanescentes e da Estrutura da Paisagem na Sub-Bacia do Rio Caiapó – GO." Ateliê Geográfico 10, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v10i2.38627.
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Resumo A Alta bacia do rio Araguaia já foi indicada como representante das transformações socioambientais apresentadas pelo Bioma Cerrado e atualmente os estudos quanto à avaliação da fragmentação tem ocorrido por sub-bacias hidrográficas fundamentado nos princípios teóricos metodológicos da Ecologia da Paisagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a densidade de fragmentos da sub-bacia do rio Caiapó e a estrutura da paisagem, avaliando o grau de degradação ambiental ou de conservação da vegetação remanescente. A metodologia envolveu o uso em ambiente SIG do clustering Kernel e quantificação da estrutura da paisagem com o Fragstats. Os resultados indicam que a bacia apresenta elevados índices de degradação ambiental, especialmente por predominar elevado número de fragmentos com área menor que 10 hectares e baixa proximidade entre as manchas remanescentes. Entretanto, a região das nascentes apresenta fragmentos mais contínuos e próximos destacando este setor como área prioritária para conservação e preservação.Palavras-chave: Bioma Cerrado, Fragmentação, degradação ambiental AbstractThe Upper Araguaia River Basin has already been recognized as a remarkable symbol of the intense social and environmental changes in the Cerrado Biome. Latest studies have analyzed fragmentation on small basins based on the principles of Landscape Ecology. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the landscape structure and the density of remaining fragments, evaluating the degree of environmental degradation of these fragments on Caiapó River Basin (Goiás State). The methodology consisted of calculating the Kernel clustering on GIS and quantifying the landscape structure on Fragstat. Results revealed the existence of a large number of small fragments (10ha) with high levels of environmental degradation degree, and relatively distant from each other. Furthermore, the larger fragments were clustered only in the surrounding of the water springs, highlighting these areas as priority for environment conservation and preservation.Keywords: Cerrado, fragmentation, environmental degradation ResumenLa alta Cuenca del Río Araguaia ha sido definida como un fiel representante de las transformaciones sociales y ambientales presentados por el Cerrado Brasilero. Actualmente los estudios se encuentran en la fase de evaluación de la fragmentación a partir de productos desarrollados por subcuencas y con base en los principios teóricos y metodológicos de la Ecología del Paisaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la densidad de fragmentos de la sub-cuenca del río Caiapó, la estructura del paisaje, y la evaluación del grado de degradación y/o conservación de la vegetación restante. La metodología consiste en el uso de la agrupación Kernel SIG y la cuantificación de la estructura del paisaje con FRAGSTATS. Los resultados indican que la cuenca tiene altos niveles de degradación ambiental, evidenciado por el predominio de fragmentos con área de menos de 10 hectáreas y baja proximidad entre los puntos restantes. Sin embargo, la zona de las nacientes presenta fragmentos más continuos y próximos, destacando este sector como un área prioritaria para la conservación y preservación.Palabras clave: Cerrado, la fragmentación, la degradación del medio ambiente
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Gurska, T. "Estimation of quality of superficail waters of river Shklo basin." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 36 (May 15, 2009): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.36.2976.
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On the basis of generalization and systematization of the results of the regime observations made by the services of superficial waters quality monitoring has been made the ecological estimation of the water quality within Ukrainian part of river Shklo basin. Results of ecological estimation of waters quality is shown on the map. Key words: river basin, limiting permissible concentration, pollution coefficient, complex estimation of waters quality.
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Gurska, T. "Estimation of quality of superficial waters of river Sаn basin." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 37 (September 9, 2009): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.37.2405.
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On the basis of generalization and systematization of the results of the regime observations made by the services of superficial waters quality monitoring has been made the ecological estimation of the water quality within Ukrainian part of river Sjan basin. Key words: river basin, limiting permissible concentration, pollution coefficient, estimation of waters quality.
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Ferreira, Marcos Roberto Farias, Valdir Adilson Steinke, Edilson De Souza Bias, and Neio Lúcio de Oliveira Campos. "Detecção de Construções em Imagens RapidEye com Uso do Operador Brec Urban Focus: Estudo Aplicado a Zona de Amortecimento da Esecae DF." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.3.p1074-1092.
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A Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas é de fundamental importância para a preservação de recursos hídricos, visto que tem relação direta com as bacias dos rios Maranhão e São Bartolomeu, sendo o divisor de duas grandes bacias nacionais, do Rio Paraná e dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia. Sua zona de amortecimento foi formalmente estabelecida pelo plano de manejo elaborado em março de 2009. Conhecer os usos antrópicos existentes nessa zona de amortecimento é um meio para a mitigação dos impactos diretos na unidade que decorrem da ação antrópica. Há nessa localidade, após a formalização do plano de manejo, o surgimento de loteamentos, visível em imagens de satélites. A validação de métodos rápidos e automatizados para a detecção de construções nessa área é de fundamental importância para a fiscalização e o controle de ocupações irregulares. Este trabalho permitiu a identificação de construções e loteamentos na zona de amortecimento a partir de procedimentos que integraram imagens RapidEye do ano 2014 e o uso do operador brec urban focus presente no software InterIMAGE. A qualidade do resultado obtido foi avaliada pelo índice Kappa e pela Exatidão Global da amostra, calculados com uso do aplicativo AVACIM (PRINA, 2013), a partir de pontos gerados por meio da ferramenta hawth’s tools, separados em duas classes: loteamento/construções e não loteamento, e conferidos com aerofotos de resolução espacial de 24 cm, com índice Kappa de 0,72, e Exatidão Global da amostra de 0,86. Detection of buildings in RapidEye Images Using the Brec Urban Focus Operator: Study Applied to the Buffer Zone of Esecae DF A B S T R A C T The Ecological Station of Águas Emendadas has fundamental importance for the preservation of water resources because it is directly related to the basins of Maranhão River and St. Bartholomew River, and it is the divisor of two large national basins, the Paraná River and the Tocantins/Araguaia rivers, its mitigation buffer zone was formally established by the management plan prepared in march 2009. Knowing the existing anthropic uses in this area is a mean to mitigate the direct impacts on the unit that arise from human action. There is, after the formalization of the management plan, the emergence of allotments, visible on satellite images. The validation of fast and automated methods for the detection of buildings in this area is of fundamental importance for the inspection and control of irregular occupations. This work aims to identify buildings in the buffer zone based on procedures that integrated RapidEye images from the year 2014 and the use of the brec urban focus operator present in the InterIMAGE software. The quality of the obtained result was evaluated by the Kappa index and the Global Accuracy of the sample, calculated using the AVACIM (PRINA, 2014), using points generated through the tool hawth's tools, separated into two classes: allotment / constructions and not allotment, and conferred with 24 cm spatial resolution aerophotos. The value for the Kappa index was 0.72, and the Global Accuracy of the sample was 0.86. Keywords: brec urban focus, Kappa index, GEOBIA, buffer zone.
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Kļaviņš, Māris, Ilga Kokorīte, and Valērijs Rodinovs. "Dissolved organic matter concentration changes in river waters of Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 65, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2011): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-011-0017-1.
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Dissolved organic matter concentration changes in river waters of Latvia Amounts of natural organic matter in surface waters reflect the character and intensity of biological processes in water bodies, human impact and depend on the physico-geographical environment and land-use in the catchments. Thus, analysis of the concentrations and loadings of organic substances to adjacent water bodies can be used to indicate environmental change and human impacts. This study revealed significant increasing trends of total organic carbon (TOC) and water colour in most of the studied Latvian rivers during the last decade. However, over longer time periods, there have been pronounced oscillations of TOC concentrations, stressing the importance of long-term changes of river discharge. On a yearly basis, there was a positive correlation between parameters of organic matter concentration and discharge in all selected rivers. The impact of discharge on concentrations of organic matter can be masked by other factors, such as changes in precipitation, biological processes, soil types and land-use.
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Bunduchi, Elena, Gheorghe Duca, Gladchi Viorica, Nelli Goreaceva, and Igor Mardari. "Assessment of Kinetic Parameters in the Waters of the Nistru Course in the Section Naslavcea – Dubasari." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2006.01(1).08.
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The current work represents the results of a monitoring executed on Nistru River waters between October 2003 and September 2005. The water quality was evaluated on the basis of such kinetic indicators as redox state and capacity of inhibition. The obtained results shows that Nistru River water in the segment Naslavcea village – Dubasari barrage are continuously polluted with reducing substances that diminish the H2O2 content, that actually determines the redox state of natural waters and the content of free radicals.
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Rogério, JP, MA Santos, and EO Santos. "Influence of environmental variables on diffusive greenhouse gas fluxes at hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 4 (November 2013): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000400011.
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For almost two decades, studies have been under way in Brazil, showing how hydroelectric reservoirs produce biogenic gases, mainly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), through the organic decomposition of flooded biomass. This somewhat complex phenomenon is due to a set of variables with differing levels of interdependence that directly or indirectly affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The purpose of this paper is to determine, through a statistical data analysis, the relation between CO2, CH4 diffusive fluxes and environmental variables at the Furnas, Itumbiara and Serra da Mesa hydroelectric reservoirs, located in the Cerrado biome on Brazil's high central plateau. The choice of this region was prompted by its importance in the national context, covering an area of some two million square kilometers, encompassing two major river basins (Paraná and Tocantins-Araguaia), with the largest installed power generation capacity in Brazil, together accounting for around 23% of Brazilian territory. This study shows that CH4 presented a moderate negative correlation between CO2 and depth. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation was noted for pH, water temperature and wind. The CO2 presented a moderate negative correlation for pH, wind speed, water temperature and air temperature. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation was noted for CO2 and water temperature. The complexity of the emission phenomenon is unlikely to occur through a simultaneous understanding of all the factors, due to difficulties in accessing and analyzing all the variables that have real, direct effects on GHG production and emission.
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Smilii, Pavlo, and Mykhailo Melniychuk. "ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF ROSTAVYTSIA RIVER." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 60 (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.60.86-92.
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Purpose – perform ecological assessment of the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region. Method. Environmental assessment of the surface water of the Rostavytsia river was carried out using the system of classification of standards for the assessment of surface water quality of Ukraine. On the basis of common environmental criteria, the methodology makes it possible to compare the quality of water at different sites of water bodies, in water bodies of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: block of salt composition (І1), block of trophic-saprobiological (ecological-sanitary) indicators (І2) and block of indicators of content of specific substances of toxic action (І3). The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and based on the calculation of the integrated environmental index (IE). Results. Omprehensive studies on changing the water quality of the Rostavytsia river were conducted within the Zhytomyr region during 2016-2017. The water quality of the river according to the final values of the integral indicators of water quality of the three blocks varies within the II and III quality classes. The total environmental indices (IE) for the mean and worst indices are 3,2 and 3,3 respectively. In general, the water quality along the main channel of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region corresponds to the second class, 3 categories, 3 subcategories according to the average quality indicators and 3(4) subcategories by worst performance. The total values of the integral surface water quality indicators of the Rostavytsia river indicate their contamination by trophic-saprobiological components. Scientific novelty. For the first time, on the basis of analytical studies and stock materials, an ecological assessment of the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region was carried out by three blocks of indicators: salt composition, trophic-saprobiological indicators and specific toxic substances. The integral ecological index is determined. The trends of pollutants accumulation in the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river have been established. Practical significance. The conducted researches allowed to analyze and evaluate the ecological status of the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region, which will allow to establish ecological standards of water quality and on this basis to determine the main directions for improvement of water resources and to substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the ecological status of the studied basin.
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Silva, Juliana de Fátima, and Valter Machado Da Fonseca. "Qualidade da água na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari e sua relação com o regime de chuvas / Water quality in the Araguari river hydrographic basin and its relationship with the rain regime." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 82894–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n8-478.
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Bagrowicz, Tomasz, Anna Fortuniak, Michał Górecki, Milena Lewandowska, and Maciej Ziułkiewicz. "Hydrochemical transformations of river waters during the flow in the reception basin on the basis of Olechówka River in Łódź." E3S Web of Conferences 17 (2017): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20171700002.
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Zolotukhin, S. F. "BASIS FOR SELECTION OF RIVERS FOR MONITORING ON THE STOCKS OF CHUM AND PINK SALMON IN THE AMUR RIVER." Izvestiya TINRO 199 (December 3, 2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2019-199-19-34.
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The monitoring of chum and pink salmon escapement to spawning grounds in the Amur River basin was stopped in 2009. To start it again, a proved choice of the rivers is necessary for adequate controlling of these species number, by the spawning habitats of their population groups within the basin. For this purpose, results of the monitoring in 1949–2000 and the data on human settlements in the medieval times are analyzed. The lower reaches of the Amur were anciently inhabited by the paleoasiatic Nivkh people and the upper reaches where the fall chum spawned in spring waters were inhabited by the people of Pokrovskaya archeological culture — their burial grounds coincided with the spawning area of fall chum salmon. To reach these spawning grounds, fall chum salmon migrated up to the distance of 3427 km from the Amur mouth, but since the 20th century they occur rarely in the upper reaches of the Amur, in particular within Chinese territory where they are not observed in more than 50 years; recently they spawn in spring waters at the distance 500–1200 km from the Amur mouth, mainly in its right tributaries. The reproduction centers of other two populations of chum salmon, as the summer chum and fall chum breeding in hyporheic waters, are located in the Amgun River basin (the lower left tributary of the Amur). The fourth population is the lake chum salmon breeding in spring waters of Lake Chlya located on the left bank in the lower reaches of the Amur River. Centers of reproduction for both pink salmon populations, differentiated by even and odd years of spawning, are located in the Amgun River. Several test rivers are selected within all mentioned centers of reproduction, they are: Kerbi, Duki, Im, Somnya, Aksha, Khilka, Beshenaya, Gur, Anui, Khor, Kur, and Bira. This list is similar to the list of the rivers where chum and pink salmons were monitored in the 20th century
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Soler T., E., J. G. Del Rio, and J. J. Diez. "STUDY ON THE VARIATIONS OF AN EUTROPHIC ECOSYSTEM FROM THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN LITTORAL: DATA TO HAVE IN MIN IN THE NUTRIENT DUMPING TO THE SEA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.194.
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Cullera Bay is a neritic ecosystem placed on the Spanish Mediterranean Littoral largely influenced by the Jucar River, that brings about lower salinities than surrounding waters, and broad variations of its values. An extensive research, with 9 samplings throughout the year, was carried out, measuring both physical and chemical parameters, and the planktonic communities. The trophic status of the ecosystem, the spatial and temporal variations of the nutrients and the planktonic communities were studied, evaluating the influence of the river loads and the littoral dynamics. Some essential basis to allow a suitable emplacement of waste waters disposals along the Valencian littoral are set up in order to minimize the gradual eutrophication of this coast.
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Dmitriyenko, Vladimir A., Sergey N. Armeyskov, Irina N. Kokunko, and Natalya V. Merenkova. "Study of the temperature requirements for ponds of treatment facilities for Eichhornia cultivation." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019302016.
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The article shows the need for desalination of underground waters in the city of Shakhty pumped out from old mine workings. The existing scheme of purification of pumped underground waters from iron is presented. There is a high content of salts in the purified waters, which pollute the river. The positive qualities of phyto-purification with the use of water hyacinth - Eichhornia are considered. A model for predicting a decrease in temperature in the winter period, developed on basis of the results of studies of water temperature requirements in ponds of sedimentation tanks of mine water, is presented.
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Jarvie, H. P., A. J. Love, R. J. Williams, and C. Neal. "Measuring in-stream productivity: the potential of continuous chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen monitoring for assessing the ecological status of surface waters." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 10 (November 1, 2003): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0573.
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Continuous (hourly) measurements of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll (determined by fluorimetry) were made for an inter-linked lowland river and canal system. The dissolved oxygen data were used to estimate daily rates of re-aeration, photosynthesis and respiration, using a process-based analytical technique (the Delta method). In-situ fluorimeter measurements of chlorophyll were ground-truthed on a fortnightly basis using laboratory methanol extraction of chlorophyll and spectrophotometric analysis. Water samples were also analysed for algal species on a fortnightly basis. The river and canal exhibited very similar rates of photosynthesis and respiration during the summer of 2001, despite much higher chlorophyll concentrations and total algal counts, indicating that benthic algae and/or aquatic macrophytes may be making an important contribution to photosynthesis rates in the river. Suspended algal populations in the canal are dominated by planktonic species, whereas the river has a higher proportion of species which are predominantly benthic in habitat. The river exhibited higher rates of respiration, reflecting a higher organic loading from external (e.g. sewage effluent) sources.
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Martic-Bursac, Natasa, Ljiljana Stricevic, Milena Nikolic, and Radomir Ivanovic. "Statistical analysis of average, high and low waters of the Toplica River." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 96, no. 1 (2016): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1601026m.
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The river Toplica springs on the east slopes of Kopaonik. It is the biggest left tributary of the Juzna Morava, in which it empties at the town of Korvingrad. It is 130 km long and the surface of its river-basin amounts to 2180 km?. This study estimates the probability of average, minimum and maximum discharge occurrence on the hydrological profile Pepeljevac on the Toplica River in the period 1951-2014. Pearson type III distribution was used for quantifying average, minimum and maximum annual discharge. Results of the study point out to significant fluctuations in the river Toplica discharge upstream the hydrological profile Pepeljevac, which is the base for further study and improvement water management planning in the basin. On the basis of probability of average annual discharges occurrence, a classification of years by water richness was done. Mann-Kendal test examined the trend of Toplica discharge, while Pettit, SNTH, Buishand and von Neumann tests analyzed homogeneity of the data on the observed profile. Analysis of average annual discharges shows that years moderately rich in water are the most numerous (29) with somewhat higher participation of rich in water (16) than dry (14) years. Coefficients of variation of maximum and minimum annual discharges for the Toplica river point out to significant fluctuations upstream the hydrological profile Pepeljevac. These results are the base for further study and improvement of water management planning in the basin.
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Tanaka, Yoshifumi. "Note on the Interim Measures in the Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 11, no. 3 (2012): 555–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341240.
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Abstract On 17 May 2010, Pakistan initiated arbitration proceedings against India before a Court of Arbitration with regard to a dispute arising from the use of the river Kishenganga. The dispute involves the legality of India’s Kishenganga Hydro-Electric Project (KHEP) on the river Kishenganga/Neelam under the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. In the Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration, Pakistan requested that the Court issue an order for interim measures, and, on 23 September 2011, the Court laid down certain interim measures on the basis of Article IX and Paragraph 28 of Annexure G to the Indus Waters Treaty. The Order of the Court of Arbitration addresses certain issues that need further consideration with regard to conditions and functions of provisional measures in the settlement of international water disputes. Thus, this article will seek to examine the Order of 2011 as a case study of interim measures in the settlement of international water disputes.
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Stričević, Ljiljana, Mila Pavlović, Ivan Filipović, Aleksandar Radivojević, Nataša Martić Bursać, and Milena Gocić. "Statistical analysis of water quality parameters in the basin of the Nišava River (Serbia) in the period 2009–2018." Geografie 126, no. 1 (2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2021126010055.
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This paper analyzes water quality from four hydrological stations in the Nišava river basin from 2009–2018 based on the following parameters: pH, conductivity, O2 saturation, BOD5, suspended solids, total oxidized nitrogen, phosphates, turbidity and coliform bacteria. Authors have applied WQI (water quality index) as the most reliable indicator of the watercourses pollution for setting of surface water flow quality. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) using t-test inferential statistical analysis and post-hoc Tukey test were applied to evaluate statistically significant differences between specific data groups. The results show that bad water quality was registered on all the profiles on an annual basis (WQI = 65–71). The river water pH decreases downstream, while values of BOD5, suspended solids, turbidity, TON, phosphates and coliform bacteria gradually increase. The waters of the Nišava at the station Niš belong to the third class of waters and they are mostly loaded with organic matter originating from waste sewage and industrial waters of both urban and rural areas.
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Wilk, Paweł, Joanna Gębala, and Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak. "Zmienność stosunku stężeń azotu i fosforu dla wybranych zlewni rzek przymorza." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.1.05.
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Due to the ever present problem of excessive eutrophication of both surface waters and their main receiver, i.e. Baltic Sea, it becomes important to determine not only the concentration of nutrients in selected river profiles, but also an attempt to answer the question of which of the elements is a factor limiting the growth of biomass. Biological production in surface area is dependent on a number of factors including the relations between the nitrogen and phosphorus during photosynthesis. The study, whose results were presented in the article, was conducted in 2012–2014 on two littoral river basins, Rega and Słupia, in three cycles throughout the year including both vegetation period, the period after the removal of crops from the fields and the period of early spring, immediately after the thaw snow. On the basis of the results were analyzed variability of daily and seasonal concentrations of biogenic compounds and on the basis determined which of the elements limits the increase in biomass in selected catchments using the dependence that exists between the nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters called Redfield ratio.
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Smilii, Pavlo. "ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF THE GUYVA RIVER." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 56 (2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.56.52-57.
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Method. Environmental assessment of the surface water of the Guyva River was carried out using the system of classification of standards for the assessment of surface water quality of Ukraine. On the basis of common environmental criteria, the methodology makes it possible to compare the quality of water at different sites of water bodies, in water bodies of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: block of salt composition (І1), block of trophic-saprobiological (ecological-sanitary) indicators (І2) and block of indicators of content of specific substances of toxic action (І3). The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and based on the calculation of the integrated environmental index (IE). Results. omprehensive studies on changing the water quality of the Guyva River were conducted within the Zhytomyr region during 2016-2017. The water quality of the river according to the final values of the integral indicators of water quality of the three blocks varies within the II and III quality classes. The total environmental indices (IEs) for the mean and worst indices are 2,9 and 3,1 respectively. In general, the water quality along the main channel of the Guyva River within the Zhytomyr region corresponds to the second class, 3 categories, 3(2) subcategories according to the average quality indicators (in the state of "good" with a slope to "very good", in terms of purity bias to "clean") and 3 subcategories by worst performance (good for good, clean enough). The total values of the integral surface water quality indicators of the Guyva River indicate their contamination by trophic-saprobiological components. Scientific novelty. For the first time, on the basis of analytical studies and stock materials, an ecological assessment of the surface waters of the Guyva River within the Zhytomyr region was carried out by three blocks of indicators: salt composition, trophic-saprobiological indicators and specific toxic substances. The integral ecological index is determined. The trends of pollutants accumulation in the surface waters of the River Guyva have been established. Practical significance. The conducted researches allowed to analyze and evaluate the ecological status of the surface waters of the Guyva River within the Zhytomyr region, which will allow to establish ecological standards of water quality and on this basis to determine the main directions for improvement of water resources and to substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the ecological status of the studied basin.
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Hui, Qian, Li Peiyue, Ding Jia, Yang Chao, and Zhang Xuedi. "Formation of the River Water Chemistry in the Middle Section of Dousitu River, China." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/138703.
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On basis of hydrogeology of the study area, the characteristics of chemistry of river water and groundwater were analyzed. Analysis results of three river water samples (B3, B4and B5) collected in the middle section of Dousitu River show the TDS increases from B3to B4and decreases from B4to B5. The concentrations of Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+and HCO3-have a similar change with TDS, but the concentrations of Ca2+and SO42-increase steadily along flow path. The chemical types of the river water change from HCO3•Cl-Na to Cl•SO4•HCO3-Na and finally to SO4•Cl-Na. The causes of these changes are analyzed and studied in depth using various methods. Results indicate river water evaporation, dissolution/precipitation of minerals, cation exchange and mixing of different waters all play important roles in the formation of the river water chemistry. But in different sections of the river, the main processes are different. The study shows that when a reservoir is built in arid areas, the loss of water resources due to evaporation is huge, which can lead to the degradation of water qualities. Hence, great care should be taken to build a reservoir in arid or semi-arid regions.
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Matsuska, O. V., O. P. Sukhorska, and Ya M. Chaban. "Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the ecological state of surface waters of the Busk district." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (November 11, 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8915.
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On the basis of the generalization and systematization of the results of the regime observations made by environmental monitoring services it has been made an ecological assessment of the water quality in the Ukrainian part of the Western Bug River basin (in six section lines of observation). It has been found, the largest source of mechanical contaminations, organic pollutants and nutrients in the Western Bug River is the river Poltva. That is why insufficiently treated waste water of Lviv increases the level of water pollution in this Basin. Main focus is concentrated on the river Western Bug and its stream tributary (the Poltva river), which significantly affects its ecological status. The data concerning pollution indicators for 2015–2018 years was analyzed. A comparison characteristics of the change of pollution of the investigated water objects is carried out in three lookout points: in the river Poltva before falling into the river Western Bug, in the river Western Bug (background area) the above-fall of the Poltva River, in the river Western Bug the below-fall of the Poltva River. Exceeding of the permitted values of most indicators was detected in 2017: suspended matters – 2.4 MPC, ammonium nitrogen – 8.7 MPC, phosphates – 8 MPC, low level of dissolved oxygen is observed, because of high content of organic matters. This situation is better in the basin of the Western Bug River in the sampled area in 2018. The water of the Poltva River is much cleaner in comparison to the previous year, containing up to 2.3 times less suspended substances, 5.1 times less phosphates and 1.3 times organic substances. In this year there is a significant improvement in the ecological state of the Western Bug River, after the falling into the Poltva River. The ecological state of water of these water basins depends on the efficiency of the treatment facilities, especially in Lviv. Municipal wastewater treatment facilities have undergone repair works over recent years in Lviv.
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Halbfaß, S., M. Gebel, and S. Bürger. "Modelling of long term nitrogen retention in surface waters." Advances in Geosciences 27 (December 9, 2010): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-27-145-2010.
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Abstract. In order to derive measures to reduce nutrient loadings into waters in Saxony, we calculated nitrogen inputs with the model STOFFBILANZ on the regional scale. Thereby we have to compare our modelling results to measured loadings at the river basin outlets, considering long term nutrient retention in surface waters. The most important mechanism of nitrogen retention is the denitrification in the contact zone of water and sediment, being controlled by hydraulic and micro-biological processes. Retention capacity is derived on the basis of the nutrient spiralling concept, using water residence time (hydraulic aspect) and time-specific N-uptake by microorganisms (biological aspect). Short time related processes of mobilization and immobilization are neglected, because they are of minor importance for the derivation of measures on the regional scale.
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Miller, Tymoteusz, Zdenka Svobodova, Edward Meller, and Gorzysław Poleszczuk. "Glebokie Lake in Szczecin after hydrotechnical regulations." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0005.
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Abstract Water quality of the Glebokie Lake in Szczecin (NW-Poland) was studied in years 2012-2014. Glebokie Lake is a reservoir with a negative water balance related to the location draining groundwater drinking water intake for Szczecin agglomeration. In 2004 hydrotechnical regulations were conducted aimed at maintaining a constant amount of water in the lake, which involved a temporary feeding Glebokie Lake with Gunica River waters. In order to determine the hydrochemical status of the Lake waters and the factors shaping water quality - 19 water quality indices within 25 months were measured: temperature, pH and water oxygen status, nutrients (N, P) and ionic macrocomponents and Fetot. Trophic status of the lake waters using the Carlson criteria was defined. On the basis of chemometric analysis of measurement data (CA, PCA/FA and DA) we established that statistically significant factors affecting water quality in the study period were: seasonal (the climatic seasons) changes in the biological processes activity, periodical (in April and November) waters inflows from the Gunica River, anthropopressure in during swimming season and the coagulant (FeSO4) presence in the ecosystem. The possibility of applying the chemometric techniques to interpret measurement data in the lake type like Glebokie Lake with a small amount of data has been shown.
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Matavulj, Milan, Nebojsa Vulikic, Igor Gojkovic, and Maja Karaman. "Conditionally pathogenic fungi in recreational waters." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 109 (2005): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0519149m.
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The improvement of health and life conditions depends on various environmental factors. The exposition to organic and inorganic pollutants, as well as to the broad spectar of microorganisms is one of these factors. Medically important fungi have been increasing their number recently especially in urban and in recreational zones. Some of them, first of all molds and yeasts, are involved by different means in causing more or less serious diseases of man and animals. Frequency of alergic symptoms and human mycotic lesions increased significantly during last decades. Such phenomena have provoked more scientific attention recently. According to the available literature data, micro-fungi, causing mycoses and "environmental" fungi too could be considered as an important factor of health risk, being neglected and underestimated so far, especially in analyses of safe use of recreational waters and surrounding areas, among them swimming pools, river and sea beaches. On the basis of such statement there arises conclusion that water and ground of recreational zones could serve as vectors in transmission pathways of potentially or conditionally pathogenic fungi, being dangerous especially for immunocompromised individuals, which suggests inclusion of qualitative and quantitative composition of fungal community into a continual monitoring of hygienic status of recreational zones.
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Sukop, Ivo. "Biodiversity of macrozoobenthos some running waters of southern Moravia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020303.
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The present work gives the results of the research of macrozoobenthos some running waters drainage areas of the Dyje River (southern Moravia – Czech Republic). Altogether, 762 taxa of macrozoobenthos were determined from the running waters of southern Moravia. Porifera (3), Hydrozoa (3), Turbellaria (8), Nematoda (14), Nematomorpha (1), Oligochaeta (60), Hirudinea (18), Bryozoa (5), Mollusca (44), Isopoda (2), Amphipoda (4), Decapoda (2), Hydracarina (17), Ephemeroptera (65), Plecoptera (55), Odonata (26), Heteroptera (3), Plannipennia (2), Trichoptera (128), Coleoptera (59), Diptera (243). Some taxa of macrozoobenthos are extinct unfortunately in running waters of Southern Moravia at present time. Another ones appear newly, for example snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum from New Zealand or Dreissena polymorpha from Pontic region. The data presented in this paper may serve as a basis for future monitoring of water quality and zoobenthos composition in connection with presumption of climate changes.
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Gentil-Vasconcelos, Huann Carllo, and Marcos Tavares-Dias. "First study on infestation of Excorallana berbicensis (Isopoda: Corallanidae) on six fishes in a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon during dry and rainy seasons." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue5-fulltext-13.
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We analyzed the infestation levels of Excorallana berbicensis on Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Geophagus proximus, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Psectrogaster falcata and Serrasalmus gibbus in a reservoir in the Araguari River basin, northern Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons. For P. falcata, the infestation levels due to E. berbicensis were greater during the rainy season. For all the species studied, the peak parasite prevalence was in the month of highest rainfall levels and there were two peaks of parasite abundance: one in the month with highest rainfall level and the other in the month of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. In these hosts, around 70% of the E. berbicensis specimens were collected during the rainy season. The body conditions of the hosts also did not suffer any seasonal influence. Despite the differences in seasonal rainfall levels, there was no fluctuation in transparency, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in the water, due to the stability of these parameters during the seasonal cycle investigated in this artificial Amazon ecosystem. This was the first report on the seasonality of infestation by E. berbicensis associated with fish.
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Tskhai, Aleksandr Andreevich, Aleksandr Vasilievich Puzanov, Nelley Mikhailovna Kovalevskaya, and Vladimir Viktorovich Kirillov. "A new approach to aquatic ecosystem monitoring of the Ob river." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 383 (September 16, 2020): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-375-2020.
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Abstract. An integrated approach to aquatic ecosystem monitoring is being developed for the Ob river. The novelty of the approach is in transition to high-performance computing (HPC) under processing of remote sensing data and modeling of aquatic ecosystem degradation. Classes of optically complex surface waters of the Gulf of the Kara Sea – the Ob Bay are studied on the basis of the fuzzy cluster analysis of water objects emission. A ten-year dynamics of concentrations of optically active substances was estimated using the neural network simulation. The application of the structural-dynamic model allowed explaining the long-term trend in the development of the ecosystem of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the largest one in the Ob river basin.
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Wang, Zhi Xia, Wei Shen, and Wei He. "The Research of Ecological Floating Bed in Oil Degradation of Inland Water." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.615.
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With the rapid economic development of China, Water transport constitutes a potential threat to the aquatic environment, human life and production. In this study, the complex ecological floating bed was studied in oil spill pollution control and ecological environment impact monitoring of inland waters. To explore the complex ecological floating bed in inland, especially the Yangtze River, inland waters. The purpose is to lay the theoretical and technical basis of controlling oil spill efficiently and long-term ecological monitoring. Ecological floating bed with PFU fixed oil-degrading bacteria water oil removal performance tests show that, which is very suitable for oil degradation in water.
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Dobryakova, Valentina, Natalya Moskvina, Andrey Dobryakov, Lilia Zhegalina, and Ildar Idrisov. "Getis-Ord Gi* statistics for hydrocarbons content analysis in the Tromjegan river basin." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 2 (2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-2-26-151-160.
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The information content and effectiveness of ecological research of the territory can be improved using the methods of multivariate analysis and mapping of the results. The article presents the analysis and mapping results of spatial and temporal trends of hydrocarbon pollution in the Tromjegan river basin for the period 2006–2018 using the tools of ArcGIS Pro. The informational and basic research is the data of local environmental monitoring of licensed blocks of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra. Pollution analysis was carried out on the basis of a detailed study of the geography of the source data using statistical calculations (minimum, average, maximum distances between sampling points, Getis-Ord Gi* index). Thematic maps were constructed using data averaged over the year. The spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrocarbons concentration in surface waters for 2006–2018 is analyzed using the “Hot Spot Analysis” tool. A temporary cluster section of hydrocarbons average annual concentration according to the Getis-Ord Gi* indicator allowed us to identify trends in the dynamics of indicators. Maps of hydrocarbons average annual concentration were compiled and the results of a spatial-temporal analysis of hydrocarbons average annual concentration in surface waters were presented. The identification of patterns in large arrays of long-term data and the consideration of the spatial component are necessary elements of modern environmental research. Analysis of the time series of average annual concentrations in the Tromjegan river basin showed a clear trend in the dynamics of hydrocarbon pollution. The findings can be the basis for making managerial decisions in the environmental monitoring of licensed blocks of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra.
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Wibowo, Mardi, and Reno Arief Rachman. "Study of Sea Water Quality Around the Jelitik River Estuary, Sungailiat Subdistrict - Bangka Regency." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i1.29-37.
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Jelitik River is the main river and economic artery of Sungailiat District, Bangka Regency. Currently around the Jelitik River there is a Jelitik Fishing Port and is developed as an industrial area. In addition to the problems of sedimentation problems with the development of industrial estates and the presence of sand mining rich in tin ore on land and on the high seas it is feared that it will reduce the quality of the environment, especially the surrounding sea water. Therefore, this study is needed in order to find out the quality of waters in this estuary which can be used as a basis or baseline for the initial environment of this region if later this area will be developed as a port or industrial area. The method used in this study is field observation, water sampling, and laboratory analysis. Therefore, as an initial step, it is necessary to identify the quality of the waters in this estuary which can be used as the basis or initial environmental baseline of this area if later this area will be developed as a port or industrial area. Based on observations in the field of laboratory analysis of water samples, generally the quality of seawater around the estuary of Jelitik River still meets seawater quality standards both for port activities, marine tourism and for biota. Some parameters that exceed the quality standard include total suspended solid (TSS) which reaches 250 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) which reaches 24,700 mg/l and nitrate content which reaches 0.38 mg/l. BOD value is 4.7 mg / l and COD is 46.4 mg / l, these parameters are still below the existing sea water quality standard.
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Flores, Hernan, Sandra Lorenz, Robert Jackisch, Laura Tusa, I. Contreras, Robert Zimmermann, and Richard Gloaguen. "UAS-Based Hyperspectral Environmental Monitoring of Acid Mine Drainage Affected Waters." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020182.
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The exposure of metal sulfides to air or water, either produced naturally or due to mining activities, can result in environmentally damaging acid mine drainage (AMD). This needs to be accurately monitored and remediated. In this study, we apply high-resolution unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based hyperspectral mapping tools to provide a useful, fast, and non-invasive method for the monitoring aspect. Specifically, we propose a machine learning framework to integrate visible to near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral data with physicochemical field data from water and sediments, together with laboratory analyses to precisely map the extent of acid mine drainage in the Tintillo River (Spain). This river collects the drainage from the western part of the Rio Tinto massive sulfide deposit and discharges large quantities of acidic water with significant amounts of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, amongst others) into the Odiel River. At the confluence of these rivers, different geochemical and mineralogical processes occur due to the interaction of very acidic water (pH 2.5–3.0) with neutral water (pH 7.0–8.0). This complexity makes the area an ideal test site for the application of hyperspectral mapping to characterize both rivers and better evaluate contaminated water bodies with remote sensing imagery. Our approach makes use of a supervised random forest (RF) regression for the extended mapping of water properties, using the samples collected in the field as ground-truth and training data. The resulting maps successfully estimate the concentration of dissolved metals and related physicochemical properties in water, and trace associated iron species (e.g., jarosite, goethite) within sediments. These results highlight the capabilities of UAS-based hyperspectral data to monitor water bodies in mining environments, by mapping their hydrogeochemical properties, using few field samples. Hence, we have demonstrated that our workflow allows the rapid discrimination and mapping of AMD contamination in water, providing an essential basis for monitoring and subsequent remediation.
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Bergström, S., B. Carlsson, G. Sandberg, and L. Maxe. "Integrated Modelling of Runoff, Alkalinity, and pH on a Daily Basis." Hydrology Research 16, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1985.0008.
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Based on the experience from runoff and groundwater recharge simulation a model system has been developed for terrestrial, hydrochemical, and hydrological simulations. The system emphasizes the role of temporary or long term storage in the aquifers of a basin and, separately, accounts for each rainfall or snowmelt event from its entrance into the ground until mixing in the river system. The model is primarily intended for simulation of natural short term variations in alkalinity and pH in running waters. The hydrochemical processes are modelled in a semi-empirical way without assumption of complete hydrochemichal mass-balance. In the paper a brief hydrochemical background is given, and a model with two alternative hydrochemical sub-structures is described. Examples of daily simulations of runoff alkalinity and pH from three different basins are given.
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Cristina Pereira da Paixão, Hérika. "A FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DA INSPEÇÃO NAVAL EM ÁGUAS JURISDICIONAIS BRASILEIRAS." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, no. 205 (September 16, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-205-9104.
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This article discusses the basis for naval inspection in brazilian jurisdictional waters, water pollution, various legislations, laws, regulations and standards, such as LESTA, RLESTA, NORMAM 07, regarding to Naval Inspection Activities, NORMAM 09, referring to Maritime Authority Standards For Administrative Inquiries On Casualties and Facts of Navigation (IAFN), the role of the Maritime Tribunal, among others. In addition, it talks about the importance of maritime transport and port activities, especially in relation to the state of Espírito Santo. The Acuerdo de Viña del Mar, a relevant agreement regarding to naval inspections, aims to establish the basis for closer collaboration for the Maritime Authorities of the countries of the Latin American continent, in order to coordinate measures for the supervision of foreign ships that visit their ports, according to requirements of the Conventions, Codes and Resolutions that aim the safety of navigation and human life at sea and the prevention of water pollution in maritime and river waters.
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Tibby, John, and Michael A. Reid. "A model for inferring past conductivity in low salinity waters derived from Murray River (Australia) diatom plankton." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 6 (2004): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04032.
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Detecting human-induced salinisation in rivers and wetlands of the Murray-Darling Basin has proved problematic. A diatom-based model that permits the estimation of past electrical conductivity (EC) from sedimentary diatom sequences has been developed from Murray River planktonic diatoms. Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicates that EC explains the greatest amount of variance in Murray River planktonic diatoms and that its influence is partially independent of that associated with velocity, turbidity, pH and nutrients. A weighted-averaging based model for inferring past EC was therefore derived from the relationship between diatom composition and EC in Murray River plankton samples. The model works well when comparisons are made between measured and diatom-inferred EC determined by jackknifing based leave-one-out computer resampling (r2jack = 0.71, root-mean-square-error of prediction = 115 μS cm−1). Application of the model will enhance understanding of the nature of pre-European variability in electrical conductivity and permit detection of changes in conductivity through the period of European occupation at key sites. Such reconstructions will provide a firm empirical basis for assessing European impact on aquatic ecosystems and a means by which to assess restoration efforts.
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Yang, Dong Fang, Si Xi Zhu, Feng You Wang, and Xiu Qin Yang. "Effect of Hg in Jiaozhou Bay Waters - Land Transfer Process." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2496.
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Based on the investigation data of mercury (Hg) in waters in Jiaozhou bay during time peroids of 1979 to 1985 (absent of 1984), this paper tried to analysis the seasonal variations of Hg in Jiaozhou Bay, to reveal the transfer process of Hg, and to provide basis for decision-making of pollution control. Results showed that, there was indistint seasonal variations of Hg content, due to anthropogenic discharge was the major source of Hg, which was not static, but depended on industrial adjustment. The land transfer process of Hg could be divided into three major processes: 1) human discharges of Hg to soil, waters, and atmosphere, etc., 2) Hg is washouted and delivered into streams, and 3) Hg is transferred to ocean via river channel runoff. In order to reconcile economic growth with environmental protection, we should have to improve the use ratio of Hg, and to reduce the discharge load of Hg.
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Duan, Wei Li, Bin He, Kaoru Takara, Ping Ping Luo, and Yosuke Yamashiki. "Estimating the Sources and Transport of Nitrogen Pollution in the Ishikari River Basin, Japan." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3007.
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The hybrid mechanistic-statistical watershed model SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) was applied to estimate the sources and transport of total nitrogen (TN) in surface waters of Ishikari River Basin (14,330 km2), the largest watershed on the Hokkaido Island of Japan. The loads from atmospheric deposition, point sources and erosion are routed through the drainage network (900 streams) with first-order stream decay. Then we calibrated the model using measurements of TN from 31 monitoring sites of mixed spatial data on topography, soils and stream hydrography. The R2 and MSE are 0.82 and 0.62 separately. On this basis, the predication of TN distribution was evaluated, and the mean incremental annual TN yield was 11.61kg/ha/yr.
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Ghimire, Narayan Prasad, Nita Adhikari, Ramesh Raj Pant, and Sudeep Thakuri. "Characterizations Of Water Quality In West-Seti and Tamor River Basins, Nepal." Scientific World 14, no. 14 (February 17, 2021): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v14i14.35021.
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This study presents the geochemical composition and water quality of waters in the West-Seti and Tamor River basins in Nepal Himalaya with the aim to reveal their hydrochemical characteristics and to evaluate the water quality. Water samples were collected from 18 sites of the rivers in the pre-monsoon season and analysed the physicochemical parameters to characterize their quality. The parameters- temperature, pH, conductivity, and total dissolved solids were measured in the field, while the major ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Si4+, SO42−, NO3−, HCO3−, Cl−, and F−) were analyzed in the laboratory. Overall results of physicochemical parameters revealed that the ionic strength is much distinct; however, the waters are chemically pure in both the river basins with very less electrical conductivity (<250 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (<120 mg/L). Bicarbonate (HCO3−) has a significant correlation with Ca2+ and Mg2+ suggesting carbonate rock weathering as the dominant geochemical process in both of the basins. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− in the water of the West-Seti is relatively higher than the waters in the Tamor River basin. Mostly, the geochemical facies of both the rivers are characterized by the Ca-Mg-HCO3- type (88.9%), with dominant carbonate dominated lithology. However, hydrochemical facies clearly suggested spatial discrimination between two basins with dominant geogenic signatures as Ca-SO4-Cl type water facies are also reported from the Tamor River basin. The results exhibited that the concentrations of measured parameters were relatively very low and within the WHO guideline values and currently under a safe level of the water quality for drinking and ecosystem health perspectives; however, further in-depth research is recommended in the periodic basis to assess traces of climate change imprints, and anthropogenic interferences for more consistent and reliable dataset. The findings of this study could be useful for the water quality management in the glacier-fed Himalayan River basins.
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Chen, Yong-jun, Qing Liu, and Cheng-peng Wan. "Risk Causal Analysis of Traffic-Intensive Waters Based on Infectious Disease Dynamics." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080277.
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Accidents occur frequently in traffic-intensive waters, which restrict the safe and rapid development of the shipping industry. Due to the suddenness, randomness, and uncertainty of accidents in traffic-intensive waters, the probability of the risk factors causing traffic accidents is usually high. Thus, properly analyzing those key risk factors is of great significance to improve the safety of shipping. Based on the analysis of influencing factors of ship navigational risks in traffic-intensive waters, this paper proposes a cloud model to excavate the factors affecting navigational risk, which could accurately screen out the key risk factors. Furthermore, the risk causal model of ship navigation in traffic-intensive waters is constructed by using the infectious disease dynamics method in order to model the key risk causal transmission process. Moreover, an empirical study of the Yangtze River estuary is conducted to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed models. The research results show that the cloud model is useful in screening the key risk factors, and the constructed causal model of ship navigational risks in traffic-intensive waters is able to provide accurate analysis of the transmission process of key risk factors, which can be used to reduce the navigational risk of ships in traffic-intensive waters. This research provides both theoretical basis and practical reference for regulators in the risk management and control of ships in traffic-intensive waters.