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Journal articles on the topic 'Bassin de (Gabon)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

SULLIVAN, JOHN P., and CARL D. HOPKINS. "A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa." Zootaxa 847, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.847.1.1.

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Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. is described from the basin of the Ivindo River, a tributary of the Ogooué River, in Gabon, West Central Africa. This species is characterized by its very small size which is not known to exceed 56 mm standard length. It is distinguished from S. fuliginosus from the Congo basin, the only described Stomatorhinus for which all members of the type series are within the size range of S. ivindoensis, by a smaller caudal peduncle depth to length ratio, a narrower head, a greater number of lateral line scales with visible tubes and pores and by rounded caudal fin lobes. It is distinguished from the similar S. polli, also from the Congo basin, by a longer snout, a smaller eye and a greater interorbital width relative to head length. It is distinguished from S. walkeri, the only other species described from the Ogooué River basin, by its smaller size, smaller snout to pectoral fin distance (relative to standard length) and by its reduced numbers of pectoral rays, vertebrae, and lateral line scales with visible tubes and pores. Stomatorhinus ivindoensis is endemic to the Ivindo River basin of Gabon and is allopatrically distributed with respect to S. walkeri which, although found elsewhere in the Ogooué River basin, has never been recorded from the Ivindo River. Stomatorhinus ivindoensis may be the smallest species of mormyrid fish yet described.Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. est décrite de la rivière Ivindo, un affluent du fleuve Ogooué, au Gabon, Afrique Centrale. Cette espèce est caractérisée par sa très petite taille, qui ne dépasse pas 56 mm en longueur standard. Elle se distingue de S. fuliginosus du bassin du Congo, la seule espèce de Stomatorhinus décrite dont l’intervalle de taille des spécimens types est compris dans celui de S. ivindoensis, par un rapport largeur sur longueur du pédoncule caudal plus petit, une tête plus étroite, un nombre d’écailles percées le long de la ligne latérale plus grand et une nageoire caudale aux lobes arrondies. Elle se distingue de S. polli, une autre espèce similaire du bassin du Congo, par un museau plus long, un oeil plus petit, et une distance interorbitale plus grande par rapport à la longueur de la tête. Elle se distingue de S. walkeri, la seule autre espèce de Stomatorhinus décrite du

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Mbina Mounguengui, Michel, François Baudin, Jacques Lang, and Olivier Jocktane. "Paléoenvironnements et caractérisation des roches mères pétrolières des séries pré-salifères du bassin intérieur du Gabon." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 335, no. 3 (March 2003): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0713(03)00051-8.

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Worah, Josiane Audrey, Christian Mikolo Yobo, Innocent AKPACA, Donald Midoko Iponga, Saturnin Ndotit Maghiengha, and Hervé Charles Ndoume Engone. "Analyse de la Gouvernance et de la Légalité D’attribution des Titres D’exploitation Artisanale du Bois D’œuvre au Gabon : Revue de Littérature." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 16, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v16.2.1014.

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RésuméLe marché domestique du bois d’œuvre, empreint d’informalité et de pratiques illégales dans les pays du Bassin du Congo en général et au Gabon en particulier, est très largement méconnu et peu documenté. C’est aussi le cas de la gouvernance relative à la gestion de ce secteur. Dans le contexte actuel de légalité préconisée dans les activités forestières, le Gabon s’est engagé à améliorer la pratique de la légalité dans ses activités forestières. Cette étude vise à analyser la législation et la réglementation en vigueur relatives à l’attribution des permis d’exploitation artisanale de bois d’œuvre au Gabon. L’approche de collecte des données est basée sur une revue de littérature suivie de l’analyse des Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunités et Menaces (FFOM) de la législation et de la réglementation en matière de gestion du secteur domestique du bois d’œuvre au Gabon. De cette analyse, il ressort que pour satisfaire les besoins des populations locales vis-à-vis des titres ou autorisations d’exploitation de type artisanal, le permis de gré à gré (PGG), la forêt communautaire (FC), l’autorisation spéciale de coupe (ASC) et l’autorisation de coupe de bois pour le sciage de long (ACBSL) ont été créés, et ceci en remplacement des coupes familiales (CF) et du permis spécial (PS). L’introduction des PGG, FC, ASC et ACBSL donnent ainsi naissance à la notion de gestion participative ou cogestion des ressources forestières, de satisfaction des droits d’usages coutumiers et de conduite des projets d’intérêts communautaires au bénéfice des populations locales. Bien que l’administration forestière demeure toujours l’institution clé dans la gestion et l’attribution des titres d’exploitation artisanale de bois d’œuvre, cependant elle tend à transférer ses pouvoirs aux autres organes de gestion. Par ailleurs, les seuls titres reconnus par le code forestier actuel (2001) au Gabon sont le PGG (bien que suspendu d’attribution depuis 2010), l’ASC, les FC et l’ACBSL. Pourtant, les CF et le PS n’ont été définitivement suspendus qu’en 2005 et 2010 respectivement alors que l’ASL continue à être délivrée, et ceci en dépit du fait que ce titre soit issu de la loi forestière n°1/82, déjà abrogée. De plus, une confusion existe dans la pratique conjuguée de l’ACBSL et l’ASL d’une part, et les concepts de PGG et de FC d’autre part. Une clarification de la pratique de ces titres est donc nécessaire, de même qu’une évaluation des impacts de la multiplicité de leurs attributions sur le terrain (secteur). Ainsi, l’atteinte de ces objectifs est indispensable si le Gabon doit officiellement continuer les négociations APV/FLEGT avec l’UE, en vue d’améliorer la gouvernance forestière et la pratique de la légalité dans ses activités forestières, particulièrement pour le marché domestique du bois d’œuvre.AbstractThe domestic lumber market, marked by informality and illegal practices in the Congo Basin countries in general and Gabon in particular, is largely unknown and poorly documented. This is also the case of governance related to the management of this sector. In the current context of legality advocated in forest activities, Gabon is committed to improving the practice of legality in its forestry activities. This study aims to analyze the legislation and regulations in force concerning the allocation of artisanal logging permits in Gabon. The data collection approach is based on a literature review followed by analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of legislation and regulations for the management of the domestic softwood lumber sector. Gabon. From this analysis, it appears that to satisfy the needs of the local populations vis-à-vis the titles or authorizations of exploitation of artisanal type, the license of mutual-agreement (PGG), the forest community (FC), the authorization Special Cutting (ASC) and Wood Cutting Permission for Long Sawing (ACBSL) were created, and this in lieu of Family Cutting (CF) and Special Permit (PS). The introduction of PGGs, FCs, ASCs and ACBSLs thus gives rise to the notion of participatory management or co-management of forest resources, satisfaction of customary use rights and the conduct of projects of community interest for the benefit of local populations.Although the forest administration is still the key institution in the management and allocation of artisanal logging titles, it tends to transfer its powers to other management bodies. In addition, the only titles recognized by the current Forest Code (2001) in Gabon are the PGG (although suspended since 2010), the CSA, the CF and the ACBSL. However, the CF and the PS were permanently suspended only in 2005 and 2010 respectively while the ASL continues to be issued, and this despite the fact that this title is derived from the forestry law n ° 1/82 , already repealed. Moreover, there is confusion in the combined practice of ACBSL and ASL on the one hand, and the concepts of PGG and FC on the other. A clarification of the practice of these titles is therefore necessary, as well as an evaluation of the impacts of the multiplicity of their attributions on the ground (sector). Thus, achieving these objectives is essential if Gabon is to formally continue the VPA / FLEGT negotiations with the EU, with a view to improving forest governance and the practice of legality in its forestry activities, particularly for the domestic market. timber.Key words: Forest governance, legality, title, artisanal timber harvesting

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Lescuyer, Guillaume, and Julienne Nadège Essoungou. "Gestion forestière multi-usages en Afrique centrale : perceptions, mises en oeuvre et évolutions." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 315, no. 315 (March 1, 2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2013.315.a20536.

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Quoique la gestion forestière multiusages (Gfmu) soit promue par les codes forestiers d'Afrique centrale, cette approche reste mal comprise et peu mise en oeuvre pour les forêts de production et les forêts communautaires. L'article présente les résultats de 62 entretiens avec des personnes impliquées dans la gestion forestière au Cameroun, au Gabon et en République démocratique du Congo, et fait ressortir trois interprétations de la Gfmu : une exploitation durable du bois intégrant secondairement les usages des autres acteurs ; une utilisation coutumière des ressources par les populations locales ; une gestion planifiée et formelle de la diversité des biens et fonctions fournis par ces écosystèmes. L'analyse détaillée de huit études de cas montre en pratique que l'aménagement durable de la forêt se focalise presque toujours sur l'exploitation du bois ; quoique l'utilisation du gibier et la collecte des produits forestiers non ligneux soient systématiquement mentionnés dans les documents d'aménagement. À l'inverse, les services environnementaux - séquestration du carbone, protection des bassins versants - ou les biens publics y sont quasi absents. L'inscription de différents usages dans les documents de gestion ne suffit toutefois pas pour qu'ils soient toujours mis en oeuvre sur le terrain. Trois pistes sont explorées pour renforcer l'application de la Gfmu dans le bassin du Congo : concevoir la Gfmu à l'échelle du paysage et non à celle du massif forestier ; améliorer le contenu des documents d'aménagement forestier pour y inclure et valoriser l'ensemble des usages de la forêt ; renforcer le contrôle de l'application effective des documents de gestion, grâce à la certification ou à un meilleur contrôle du respect de la légalité.

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5

Aubréville, André, and Ilona Bossanyi. "Erosion under Forest Cover and Erosion in Deforested Areas in the Humid Tropical Zone." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 323, no. 323 (January 7, 2015): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.323.a31259.

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L’érosion par décapage ou par ravinement reste insignifiante sous la forêt dense tro- picale. Une érosion sérieuse peut certes se manifester localement sous couvert forestier, sous la forme de glissement de terrains saturés d’eau. De tels cas peuvent être observés à Madagascar, dans la forêt d’Anamalazoatra ou dans celle de Marojejy. Un cas connu d’érosion généralisée sous forêt dense se situe en Amazonie péruvienne, près de la petite localité de la Merced, sur des pentes très abruptes. Mais ce sont là des exceptions. Dans les temps géologiques, durant les périodes de transformations tectoniques, l’érosion peut aussi avoir été intense sous forêt dense, générant des reliefs tourmentés, parfois des « badlands ». Mais dans tous ces cas, l’érosion ne se produit sous forêt que lorsqu’il y a élé- vation du niveau de base des fleuves par rapport au niveau des océans, comme cela s’est manifesté durant les glacia- tions quaternaires. Là où la forêt manque aujourd’hui, se manifestent en revanche des phénomènes d’érosion parfois spec- taculaires. Ceux-ci peuvent prendre des proportions spectaculaires dans des régions autrefois forestières, récemment et sévèrement éclaircies. Les situations les plus extrêmes sont observées à Ma- dagascar, au Congo, au Gabon, au Brésil et dans la partie tempérée des USA, tout particulièrement dans le bassin cupri- fère du Tennessee. Ces exemples confir- ment pleinement la vertu antiérosive des forêts. Lorsque l’érosion est déclenchée, celle-ci ne peut être arrêtée qu’à grands frais, et dans des zones restreintes. La fo- rêt joue donc un rôle anti-érosif préventif à la fois naturel, peu coûteux, et opérant sur de larges étendues.Résumé adapté par la rédaction de la revue.

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Chen, Anqing, Chong Jin, Zhanghua Lou, Hongde Chen, Shenglin Xu, Keke Huang, and Sihan Hu. "Salt tectonics and basin evolution in the Gabon Coastal Basin, West Africa." Journal of Earth Science 24, no. 6 (December 2013): 903–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-013-0383-5.

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7

CUMBERLIDGE, NEIL. "Potamonautes nheenae, a new species of freshwater crab from Gabon, Central Africa, with a description of the first known male of Erimetopus brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)." Zootaxa 4286, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.2.6.

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A new species of the freshwater crab genus Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, is described from Ivindo National Park in Sofala Province, Gabon, Central Africa. Potamonautes nheenae n. sp. is morphologically distinct from the other species of this genus found in Gabon and nearby countries in Central Africa, and is most closely related to P. paecilei (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) from the Lower Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The new species is recognised by a unique combination of morphological characters of the adult male first gonopod, anterior sternum, mouthparts, and major cheliped. Illustrations of P. nheenae n. sp. are provided and differences with congeners found in Central Africa are discussed. In addition, the male gonopods, pleon, and sternum of the unusual freshwater crab Erimetopus brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886), are illustrated for the first time since its description in 1886, following the discovery of the first known male specimen of this species in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University.

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Dupré, Stéphanie, Giovanni Bertotti, and Sierd Cloetingh. "Tectonic history along the South Gabon Basin: Anomalous early post-rift subsidence." Marine and Petroleum Geology 24, no. 3 (March 2007): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.11.003.

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Mouélé, Idalina Moubiya, Patrick Dudoignon, Abderrazak El Albani, Alain Meunier, Philippe Boulvais, François Gauthier-Lafaye, Jean-Louis Paquette, Hervé Martin, and Michel Cuney. "2.9–1.9Ga paleoalterations of Archean granitic basement of the Franceville basin (Gabon)." Journal of African Earth Sciences 97 (September 2014): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.027.

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Yobo, C. Mikolo, A. Awono, and V. Ingram. "Understanding the Coula edulis, Dacryodes buettneri and Irvingia gabonensis non-timber forest product value chains from Makokou, North-East Gabon from a gender perspective." International Forestry Review 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820830405672.

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Trade-in Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Congo Basin is a source of cash income for stakeholders in their value chains, from harvesters to traders. However, gender-disaggregated data on the benefits of such trade in Gabon remains poorly captured and used by policy-makers, despite a decree on women's empowerment enacted by the Republic of Gabon in 2017. This study assesses gender dynamics, reasons for entering the trade, economics, and perceived threats to Coula edulis, Dacryodes buettneri, and Irvingia gabonensis value chains originating in Makokou, Gabon. Data from field observations, key informants, and 79 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in three markets showed that activities in the value chains of these three NTFPs were highly gender-differentiated. Women dominate in all three chains, particularly in the two lower-value products. This was driven by women's vulnerability and men's preference for higher-value timber and NTFPs. Both men and women enter the trade mostly because they lack other ways to generate income and employment. The men involved in the chains tended to harvest slightly larger volumes and sell at higher prices. The NTFPs and their value chains were all perceived as threatened by climate change, deforestation, and unsustainable forest resources management, with both men and women aware of these threats. The importance of the NTFP trade for women suggested that policies and gender focus interventions, for example on domestication, cultivation, value-adding to improve and sustain their income, could contribute to more sustainable value chains and livelihoods.

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Xiao, Bingmu, Nadezhda Kotova, Samuel Bretherton, Andrew Ratcliffe, Gregor Duval, Chris Page, and Owen Pape. "An offshore Gabon full-waveform inversion case study." Interpretation 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): SU25—SU39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0037.1.

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Velocity model building is one of the most difficult aspects of the seismic processing sequence. But it is also one of the most important: an accurate earth model allows an accurate migrated image to be formed, which allows the geologist a better chance at an accurate interpretation of the area. In addition, the velocity model itself can provide complementary information about the geology and geophysics of the region. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a popular, high-end velocity model-building tool that can generate high-resolution earth models, especially in regions of the model probed by the transmitted (diving wave) arrivals on the recorded seismic data. The history of the South Gabon Basin is complex, leading to a rich geologic picture today and a very challenging velocity model-building process. We have developed a case study from the offshore Gabon area showing that FWI is able to help with the model-building process, and the resulting velocity model reveals features that improve the migrated image. The application of FWI is made on an extremely large area covering approximately 25,000 [Formula: see text], demonstrating that FWI can be applied to this magnitude of survey in a timely manner. In addition, the detail in the FWI velocity model aids the geologic interpretation by highlighting, among other things, the location of shallow gas pockets, buried channels, and carbonate rafts. The concept of actively using the FWI-derived velocity model to aid the interpretation in areas of complex geology, and/or to identify potential geohazards to avoid in an exploration context, is applicable to many parts of the world.

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Mboumba, Jean-François, Maxime R. Hervé, Véronique Guyot, and Frederic Ysnel. "Small rodent communities (Muridae) in Gabonese savannas: species diversity and biogeographical affinities." Mammalia 85, no. 3 (January 4, 2021): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0079.

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Abstract The study contributes to the knowledge of species composition and biogeographical affinities of savannas rodent in Gabon. Unlike small rodents in Gabonese forests, there is little data on the diversity of small rodents in Gabonese savannas. The diversity and distribution of rodent murid communities was studied in four different types of savanna in Gabon: Coastal Basin (South-West), Lopé/Okanda (in the Center), Batéké Plateaux (Southeastern) and Ngougnié/ N’yanga (in the South). A total of 428 individuals representing six species were captured over 11,920 trap nights. Trap success was highly variable (2.2–6.9 %). The most abundant species were Mus minutoides (69%) followed by Lemniscomys striatus (21.5%). Indices of species richness varied from 2 to 5 and diversity (Shannon and Weaver) was low in the four savannas with the highest value at Ngougnié/N’yanga (H′ = 1.2). Species distributions show that Gabonese savanna small rodents conform to four distribution types, with one species known from Zambesian savannas exhibiting austral affinities (Pelomys campanae: occurs in three southern savannas). This new information provides important insight into the biogeography of small rodents at a local and regional level. Moreover, the correspondence analysis highlighted an influence of local ecological factors on population abundance.

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Moussavou, Benjamin Musavu. "Systematics, palaeoecology and taphonomy of Turonian oysters from the northern Gabon Coastal Basin." Geodiversitas 39, no. 2 (June 2017): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2017n2a3.

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Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Axel Hofmann, Olivier Vidal, Jan D. Kramers, Andrea Agangi, Georgy A. Belyanin, and Francis Mayaga-Mikolo. "Hydrothermal clay mineral formation in the uraniferous Paleoproterozoic FA Formation, Francevillian basin, Gabon." Precambrian Research 246 (June 2014): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.03.003.

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Bankole, Olabode M., Abderrazak El Albani, Alain Meunier, Florent Pambo, Jean-Louis Paquette, and Andrey Bekker. "Earth's oldest preserved K-bentonites in the ca . 2.1 Ga Francevillian Basin, Gabon." American Journal of Science 318, no. 4 (April 2018): 409–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/04.2018.02.

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Ussami, Naomi, Garry D. Karner, and Martin H. P. Bott. "Crustal detachment during South Atlantic rifting and formation of Tucano—Gabon basin system." Nature 322, no. 6080 (August 1986): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322629a0.

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Aubineau, Jérémie, Olabode M. Bankole, Fabien Baron, Brian Grégoire, and Abderrazak El Albani. "Authigenic kaolinite and sudoite in sandstones from the Paleoproterozoic Franceville sub-basin (Gabon)." Comptes Rendus. Géoscience 353, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.62.

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Fa, John E., Dominic Currie, and Jessica Meeuwig. "Bushmeat and food security in the Congo Basin: linkages between wildlife and people's future." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 1 (March 2003): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000067.

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Tropical moist forests in Africa are concentrated in the Congo Basin. A variety of animals in these forests, in particular mammals, are hunted for their meat, termed bushmeat. This paper investigates current and future trends of bushmeat protein, and non-bushmeat protein supply, for inhabitants of the main Congo Basin countries. Since most bushmeat is derived from forest mammals, published extraction (E) and production (P) estimates of mammal populations were used to calculate the per person protein supplied by these. Current bushmeat protein supply may range from 30 g person−1 day−1 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, to 180 g person−1 day−1 in Gabon. Future bushmeat protein supplies were predicted for the next 50 years by employing current E:P ratios, and controlling for known deforestation and population growth rates. At current exploitation rates, bushmeat protein supply would drop 81% in all countries in less than 50 years; only three countries would be able to maintain a protein supply above the recommended daily requirement of 52 g person−1 day−1. However, if bushmeat harvests were reduced to a sustainable level, all countries except Gabon would be dramatically affected by the loss of wild protein supply. The dependence on bushmeat protein is emphasized by the fact that four out of the five countries studied do not produce sufficient amounts of non-bushmeat protein to feed their populations. These findings imply that a significant number of forest mammals could become extinct relatively soon, and that protein malnutrition is likely to increase dramatically if food security in the region is not promptly resolved.

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Musavu Moussavou, Benjamin. "Albian bivalves from Madiela Formation in north Gabonese coastal basin." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 190 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2019006.

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A study of Albian bivalves from Madiela Formation in north of Gabonese coastal basin has been carried out from N’Toum quarry geological section. Four genera including six species are identified: Liopistha (Psilomya) sp. 1, ? Liopistha (Psilomya) sp. 2, Megaporomya sp., Neithea (Neithea) dutrugei (Coquand, 1862), Pleuromya sp. 1 and Pleuromya sp. 2. One morphotype is identified as Bivalvia gen. et sp. indet. The genus Megaporomya Ayoub-Hannaa et al., 2013 and all identified species, except Neithea (Neithea) dutrugei (Coquand, 1862), are found for the first time in Gabonese coastal basin. Now, a total of twelve species of bivalves have been reported from the Madiela Formation. In Gabon, the presence for the first time of genera Liopistha and Pleuromya in N’Toum quarry geological section which is assigned to the Albian permits us to expand their geographical distribution until N’Toum region, and their age range to Albian.

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Melhado, Oscar E. "Optimal Taxation in the Forestry Sector in the Congo Basin: The Case of Gabon." IMF Working Papers 07, no. 253 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451868166.001.

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Tyukavina, Alexandra, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter Potapov, Diana Parker, Chima Okpa, Stephen V. Stehman, Indrani Kommareddy, and Svetlana Turubanova. "Congo Basin forest loss dominated by increasing smallholder clearing." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaat2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2993.

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A regional assessment of forest disturbance dynamics from 2000 to 2014 was performed for the Congo Basin countries using time-series satellite data. Area of forest loss was estimated and disaggregated by predisturbance forest type and direct disturbance driver. An estimated 84% of forest disturbance area in the region is due to small-scale, nonmechanized forest clearing for agriculture. Annual rates of small-scale clearing for agriculture in primary forests and woodlands doubled between 2000 and 2014, mirroring increasing population growth. Smallholder clearing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo alone accounted for nearly two-thirds of total forest loss in the basin. Selective logging is the second most significant disturbance driver, contributing roughly 10% of regional gross forest disturbance area and more than 60% of disturbance area in Gabon. Forest loss due to agro-industrial clearing along the Gulf of Guinea coast more than doubled in the last half of the study period. Maintaining natural forest cover in the Congo Basin into the future will be challenged by an expected fivefold population growth by 2100 and allocation of industrial timber harvesting and large-scale agricultural development inside remaining old-growth forests.

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Ligna, Cedric, Mathieu Moussavou, Karen Bakakas, Michel Mbina, and Tomohiko Sato. "Petrology, Geochemistry and Geodynamic Significance of the Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks of the Akou (Okondja Basin, Gabon)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 12 (April 30, 2018): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n12p347.

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The Akou section (Okondja in the Francevillian Basins, Gabon) has a set of mafic and ultrmafic magmatic rocks with various deposit patterns; interbedded basaltic flows, sills and small intrusive bodies within the formations FB francevillian series. The succession of these rocks pyroxenites, gabbros and basalts characterizes the oceanic crust. These rocks mainly consists of olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and biotite. This mineralogical continuation shows that these rocks result from process of split crystallization of an ultramafic magma. The geochemical analyses reveal the major elemental composition such as Na2O (0.24-3.47) and K2O (0.04-3.95). These values indicate that these series are originated from the alkaline magma, which is associated with within plate oceanic volcanicity.

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Mayika, Karen Bakakas, Mathieu Moussavou, Anthony R. Prave, Aivo Lepland, Michel Mbina, and Kalle Kirsimäe. "The Paleoproterozoic Francevillian succession of Gabon and the Lomagundi-Jatuli event." Geology 48, no. 11 (July 21, 2020): 1099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47651.1.

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Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Francevillian succession of Gabon has figured prominently in concepts about Earth’s early oxygenation and genesis of a large positive excursion in carbon-isotope values, the Lomagundi-Jatuli event (LJE). Here we present a detailed study of a 139-m-long core of Francevillian rocks marked by carbonate δ13C (δ13Ccarb) values of 5‰–9‰ that decline upsection to near 0‰, a trend inferred by many workers as a fingerprint of the LJE and its termination. However, we show that the shift in δ13Ccarb values coincides with a facies change: shallow-marine facies are marked by the strongly positive values, whereas deeper-marine facies (below storm wave base) are at ∼0‰. The most circumspect interpretation of such facies dependence of δ13Ccarb is that shallow-marine settings record the isotope effects of local physical and biochemical processes driving the ambient dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool to heavier values, and the lighter values (∼0‰) in deeper-water facies track the DIC of the open-marine realm where δ13C was largely unaffected by fractionations occurring in shallow-water settings. Further, a transgressing redoxcline created conditions for precipitation of Mn-bearing minerals and chemotrophic microbial biota, including methane cycling communities evident by organic δ13C (δ13Corg) values of −47‰ and Δδcarb-org values as high as 46‰. Thus, the Francevillian C-isotope profile reflects basin-specific conditions and is not a priori an indicator of global C-cycle disturbances nor of the termination of the LJE.

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Préat, Alain, Kamal Kolo, Jean-Pierre Prian, and Franck Delpomdor. "A peritidal evaporite environment in the Neoproterozoic of South Gabon (Schisto-Calcaire Subgroup, Nyanga Basin)." Precambrian Research 177, no. 3-4 (March 2010): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.12.003.

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Mbina Mounguengui, M., J. Lang, M. Guiraud, and O. Jocktane. "Sedimentary dynamics and structural geology of pre-rift deposits of the interior basin of Gabon." Journal of African Earth Sciences 35, no. 2 (August 2002): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00035-0.

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Jackson, Martin P. A., Michael R. Hudec, David C. Jennette, and Richard E. Kilby. "Evolution of the Cretaceous Astrid thrust belt in the ultradeep-water Lower Congo Basin, Gabon." AAPG Bulletin 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/12030707074.

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Nakazawa, Hiroshi, Tadashi Hara, Daisuke Suetsugu, Tsuyoshi Nishi, Kentaro Kuribayashi, Katsuaki Miyoshi, and Shoji Shimomura. "Experimental Evaluation on Earthquake-Resistance of Road Retaining Wall Using Gabion." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 897–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0897.

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In the 2015 earthquake in Gorkha, Nepal, damaged different kinds of structures around the Kathmandu Basin. On the other hand, in mountainous areas, it was confirmed that gabion structures such as retaining walls along roads showed their high flexibility by performing their functions. In this paper, based on the results of the damage field survey on gabion retaining walls, a full-scale shake table test is conducted to evaluate the earthquake resistance of gabion retaining walls on roads, which are a common site in Nepal. The soil container used for the full-scale shake table test has the following internal dimensions: 4.0 m height, 3.1 m width, and 11.5 m depth. Earthen bank retaining walls with height of 3 m were arranged in three rows in a perpendicular direction to the cross-section, and the ground behind the retaining wall was prepared. The sinusoidal waves of 3 Hz were applied, consisting of 2 s of gradual increase, 4 s of steady part, and 2 s of gradual decrease; the input waves were provided in four stages of acceleration amplitude. Three types of gabion retaining walls were considered, i.e., vertical-type, stepwise-type and gravity-type, and 3D terrestrial laser measurement was conducted before and after shake table test of each case. Comparison of the residual deformations of the gabion retaining walls measured by 3D terrestrial laser showed that the vertical-type wall did not collapse but tilted forward after the shake teble test. A similar damage situation was confirmed by the field survey in Nepal. The other two cases suffered only slight deformation and are considered to be effective structures for application on sites. Finally, the trial wedge method was applied to the experimental results of the vertical-type of gabion retaining and useful suggestions for future earthquake-resistant design were made by comparing the active collapse angle with the positions of deformation, such as cracking which occurred in the ground behind the retaining wall after shaking. Then, the applicability of trial wedge method and its problem in the design of gabion retaining wall were shown.

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Boltenhagen, Eugène, and Marguerite Salard-Cheboldaeff. "Le domaine continental et le domaine marin : bassins sédimentaires littoraux du Gabon et du Cameroun. The continental and marine realms : coastal sedimentary basins of Gabon and Cameroon." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 38, no. 1 (1985): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1985.1688.

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Doumtsop, Armand R. P. F., Rachid Hanna, Maurice Tindo, Willy K. Tata-Hangy, Apollin K. Fotso, Komi K. M. Fiaboe, Abraham Fomena, Adolph Kemga, and Benjamin B. Normark. "Geographic distribution and abundance of the Afrotropical subterranean scale insect Stictococcus vayssierei (Hemiptera: Stictococcidae), a pest of root and tuber crops in the Congo basin." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000658.

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AbstractStictococcus vayssierei is a major pest of root and tuber crops in central Africa. However, data on its ecology are lacking. Here we provide an updated estimate of its distribution with the aim of facilitating the sustainable control of its populations. Surveys conducted in nine countries encompassing 13 ecological regions around the Congo basin showed that African root and tuber scale was present in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Uganda. It was not found on the sites surveyed in Chad and Nigeria. The pest occurred in the forest and the forest-savannah mosaic as well as in the savannah where it was never recorded before. However, prevalence was higher in the forest (43.1%) where cassava was the most infested crop, compared to the savannah (9.2%) where aroids (cocoyam and taro) were the most infested crops. In the forest habitat, the pest was prevalent in all but two ecological regions: the Congolian swamp forests and the Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic. In the savannah habitat, it was restricted to the moist savannah highlands and absent from dry savannahs. The scale was not observed below 277 m asl. Where present, the scale was frequently (87.1% of the sites) attended by the ant Anoplolepis tenella. High densities (>1000 scales per plant) were recorded along the Cameroon–Gabon border. Good regulatory measures within and between countries are required to control the exchange of plant materials and limit its spread. The study provides information for niche modeling and risk mapping.

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Lecomte, Andreï, Raymond Michels, Michel Cathelineau, Christophe Morlot, Marc Brouand, and Nicolas Flotté. "Uranium deposits of Franceville basin (Gabon): Role of organic matter and oil cracking on uranium mineralization." Ore Geology Reviews 123 (August 2020): 103579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103579.

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Mathieu, R., M. Cuney, and M. Cathelineau. "Geochemistry of palaeofluids circulation in the Franceville basin and around Oklo natural nuclear reaction zones (Gabon)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 69-70 (June 2000): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(00)00054-6.

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Bankole, Olabode M., Abderrazak El Albani, Alain Meunier, and François Gauthier-Lafaye. "Textural and paleo-fluid flow control on diagenesis in the Paleoproterozoic Franceville Basin, South Eastern, Gabon." Precambrian Research 268 (October 2015): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2015.07.008.

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Ndongo, Alexis, Michel Guiraud, Emmanuelle Vennin, Michel Mbina, Jean-François Buoncristiani, Christophe Thomazo, and Nicolas Flotté. "Control of fluid-pressure on early deformation structures in the Paleoproterozoic extensional Franceville Basin (SE Gabon)." Precambrian Research 277 (May 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2016.02.003.

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34

Gauthier-Lafaye, F., R. Bros, and P. Stille. "Pbpe systematics on diagenetic clays: an example from proterozoic black shales of the Franceville basin (Gabon)." Chemical Geology 133, no. 1-4 (November 1996): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(96)00032-0.

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35

Bankole, O. M., A. El Albani, A. Meunier, O. J. Rouxel, F. Gauthier-Lafaye, and A. Bekker. "Origin of red beds in the Paleoproterozoic Franceville Basin, Gabon, and implications for sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization." American Journal of Science 316, no. 9 (November 1, 2016): 839–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/09.2016.02.

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36

Parize, Olivier, Jean-Louis Feybesse, François Guillocheau, and Thierry Mulder. "Were the 2.1-Gyr fossil colonial organisms discovered in the Francevillian basin (Palaeoproterozoic, Gabon) buried by turbidites?" Comptes Rendus Geoscience 345, no. 2 (February 2013): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2013.01.001.

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37

Giles-Vernick, Tamara, and Stephanie Rupp. "Visions of Apes, Reflections on Change: Telling Tales of Great Apes in Equatorial Africa." African Studies Review 49, no. 1 (April 2006): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0067.

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Abstract:This article explores stories that some central Africans in the middle Sangha River basin and in northern Gabon have told about gorillas and chimpanzees. Such tales have provided opportunities for Africans to debate the consequences of their engagements with outside people, resources, and processes. But their meanings have proliferated in different social, cultural, and historical contexts. Central Africans have used such stories to make claims about access to and control over human productive and reproductive labor, forest resources and spaces, and other forms of wealth; racial and ethnic relations; and human existence and death. These stories provide critical insights into the reasons people hunt or protect great apes, and they illuminate the complex social and political tensions generated by conservation interventions. Great ape tales thus offer conservationists insights into the challenges and promise of managing an important game population, as well as the potential social consequences of their interventions.

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Salas, J., K. Bitzer, and C. Ayora. "Origin and genesis of the Oklo uranium ore deposits (Gabon): results from a basin scale fluid flow modelling." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 69-70 (June 2000): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(00)00055-8.

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39

Šegvić, Branimir, Giovanni Zanoni, and Andrea Moscariello. "On the origins of eogenetic chlorite in verdine facies sedimentary rocks from the Gabon Basin in West Africa." Marine and Petroleum Geology 112 (February 2020): 104064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104064.

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Dubois, Manon, Michel Lopez, Beate Orberger, Aurélien Gay, Mathieu Moussavou, Florent Pambo, and Sophie Rodrigues. "The 2.1 Ga-old injectite network of the Franceville Basin, Gabon: Architecture, origin and implications on manganese mineralization." Precambrian Research 302 (November 2017): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.09.022.

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Meyers, J. B., B. R. Rosendahl, and J. A. AUSTIN Jr. "Deep-penetrating MCS images of the South Gabon Basin: implications for rift tectonics and post-breakup salt remobilization." Basin Research 8, no. 1 (March 1996): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1996.tb00115.x.

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Migolet, Pierre, and Kalifa Goïta. "Evaluation of FORMOSAT-2 and PlanetScope Imagery for Aboveground Oil Palm Biomass Estimation in a Mature Plantation in the Congo Basin." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182926.

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The present study developed methods using remote sensing for estimation of total dry aboveground biomass (AGB) of oil palm in the Congo Basin. To achieve this, stem diameters at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and stem heights were measured in an oil palm plantation located in Gabon (Congo Basin, Central Africa). These measurements were used to determine AGB in situ. The remote sensing approach that was used to estimate AGB was textural ordination (FOTO) based upon Fourier transforms that were applied, respectively, to PlanetScope and FORMOSAT-2 satellite images taken from the area. The FOTO method is based on the combined use of two-dimensional (2D) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the context of the present study, it was used to characterize the variation in canopy structure and to estimate the aboveground biomass of mature oil palms. Two types of equations linking FOTO indices to in situ biomass were developed: multiple linear regressions (MLR); and multivariate adaptive spline regressions (MARS). All best models developed yielded significant results, regardless of whether they were derived from PlanetScope or from FORMOSAT-2 images. Coefficients of determination (R2) varied between 0.80 and 0.92 (p ≤ 0.0005); and relative root mean-square-errors (%RMSE) were less than 10.12% in all cases. The best model was obtained using MARS approach with FOTO indices from FORMOSAT-2 (%RMSE = 6.09%).

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Chanson, Hubert. "Stepped spillway flows and air entrainment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-057.

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Stepped spillways have become a popular method for handling flood releases. The steps significantly increase the rate of energy dissipation taking place on the spillway face and reduce the size of the required downstream energy dissipation basin. The compatibility of stepped spillways with roller compacted concrete and gabion construction techniques results in low additional cost for the spillway. This paper presents a review of recent developments for the design of stepped spillways, provides a discussion of the effects of air entrainment, and presents new calculation methods that take into account the effects of flow aeration on the flow characteristics and the rate of energy dissipation. Key words: stepped spillway, air entrainment, dam, spillway, energy dissipation.

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Zanoni, Giovanni, Branimir Šegvić, and Andrea Moscariello. "Clay mineral diagenesis in Cretaceous clastic reservoirs from West African passive margins (the South Gabon Basin) and its impact on regional geology and basin evolution history." Applied Clay Science 134 (December 2016): 186–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.032.

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45

Coimbra, João Carlos, and Tiago Menezes Freire. "Age of the Post-rift Sequence I from the Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, NE Brazil: implications for spatio-temporal correlation." Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 24, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2021.1.03.

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A robust biostratigraphic zonation based on microfossils supports the stratigraphic framework and correlation of the interior basins of the Lower Cretaceous of NE Brazil. This zonation has also allowed correlations with coeval sections in the Brazilian marginal basins and in the Gabon and Congo basins (central-west Africa). These records, consisting mainly of non-marine sediments, were a great challenge with regard to the correlation with the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Therefore, local stages were used, the most recent being the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage, with which the Post-rift Sequence I of the Araripe Basin is related. Regarding lithostratigraphy, this sequence includes the Rio da Batateira (Barbalha for some authors) and Santana formations, the last one with the famous Crato, Ipubi, and Romualdo members, from the base to the top. Although currently there is a consensus on the age of the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage in the Araripe Basin, recently a new age for at least part of the Post-rift Sequence I was proposed. This new proposal, based on isotopic analysis of Re-Os, arose as a panacea to correlate the Rio da Batateira Formation and the Crato and Ipubi members with the international stages. Surprisingly, their authors, although on the one hand, they seem to underestimate biostratigraphic results, on the other they seek to support their proposal from microfossils studied by previous authors, but they do so in an inappropriate way, leading readers to misinterpret their results. Therefore, this paper presents a critical review on the age of the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage in the Araripe Basin and nearby basins, refuting a Barremian age for part of the Post-rift Sequence I. Keywords: Alagoas local Brazilian Stage, biostratigraphy, ostracods, palynomorphs, radiometric ages.

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Minko, Ambroise Edou, Mathieu Moussavou, Tomohiko Sato, Yusuke Sawaki, Simplice Ndong Ondo, Richard Maire, Guillaume Fleury, et al. "Growth, Duplication and Lateral Mutual Compressive Deformation of Akouemma hemisphaeria on the Seafloor of Okondja Basin at 2.2 Ga (Gabon)." International Journal of Geosciences 08, no. 09 (2017): 1172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2017.89067.

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Ngombi-Pemba, Lauriss, Abderrazak El Albani, Alain Meunier, Olivier Grauby, and François Gauthier-Lafaye. "From detrital heritage to diagenetic transformations, the message of clay minerals contained within shales of the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian basin (Gabon)." Precambrian Research 255 (December 2014): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.09.016.

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Thiéblemont, Denis, Pascal Bouton, Alain Préat, Jean-Christian Goujou, Monique Tegyey, Francis Weber, Michel Ebang Obiang, Jean Louis Joron, and Michel Treuil. "Transition from alkaline to calc-alkaline volcanism during evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Francevillian basin of eastern Gabon (Western Central Africa)." Journal of African Earth Sciences 99 (November 2014): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.12.007.

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Mickala, Olivia-Rosereine, François Fournier, Pascal Affaton, Laurence Vidal, Michel Mbina Mounguengui, Florent Boudzoumou, Dieudonné Maurice Malounguila Nganga, Didier Vandamme, Hélène Miche, and Daniel Borschneck. "Microfacies, paleoenvironments and development pattern of Neoproterozoic cap carbonates in the Niari–Nyanga Basin (Congo and Gabon Republics, Central Africa)." Journal of African Earth Sciences 109 (September 2015): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.05.009.

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Mbina Mounguengui, M., J. Lang, and M. Guiraud. "Sedimentary dynamics and extensional structuring related to early Cretaceous rifting of Neocomian and Barremian deposits of the interior basin of Gabon." Journal of African Earth Sciences 51, no. 5 (August 2008): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.01.008.

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