Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bassins de montagne'
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Defrance, Dimitri. "Adaptation et évaluation d'un système d'anticipation de crues éclair sur des bassins de montagne non-jaugés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997563.
Full textBrahamia, Khaled. "Essai sur la dynamique actuelle dans la moyenne montagne méditerranéenne bassin versant de l'oued Mina (zone de Taassalet) Algérie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE19036.
Full textIn view of growing threat of the silting up of dam, of reduction of agricultural ground and of drift of the population from the moutain, study of erosion process is essentiel as the first alternative in order to resolve the probleme of the soil erosion and stabilisation of the population. This work is a contribution with a large view about integrate amenagement of bassin versant oued mina (algeria). The aim of this thesis is to contibute to the comprehension of the erosion mechanism through the case of two major erosion processes; the diffus run-off and the guly erosion. This thesis is composed of three part : the first one is a detailed description of the most influent erosion factor in the genisis erosion; the second part is deducted to presentation of different mesurements and to interpretation of the result of three year's mesurements; at last, the third part is about the global dynamic, the criticisim as the amenagement already realised and the amenagement perspective
Barth, Thierry. "Vers une observation inter-disciplinaire des phénomènes naturels sur les bassins versants de montagne : Hydrogéologie à coût limité du bassin du Vorz (Massif de Belledonne, Isère)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764344.
Full textBarathon, Jean-Jacques. "Bassins et littoraux du rif oriental (maroc) : evolution morphoclimatique et tectonique depuis le neogene superieur." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT5016.
Full textThe basins of eastern rif are nowadays semi-arid regions with a steppic vegetal cover. They appeared after the arrival of the last thrust sheets and they result of a distensive tectonics. Outcrops of upper tortonian marine deposits are restricted to a few basins whereas messinian marls are to be found in all the subsiding basins. Important vertical movements created the main reliefs while an intense volcanic activity erected large structures. We can consider that the geomorphologic evolution began during this period. Its first evidence is an erosional surface which planes messinian deposits and metamorphic rocks of some range surronding the basins. During the pliocene and the older quaternay (villafranchian) the sedimentation is only of continental origin (lacustrine facies and detritic facies). This episode ends by the formation of broad pediments with thick calcretes (1 m. Y. B. P. ). The river pattern settles finally during the middle and younger quaternary (3 levels of conglomeratic terraces and 3 vrey young loamy levels). The western part of the coast has conserved 5 quaternary shorelines and the tyrrhenian platform is the more frequently represented. Through the richness and the wide range of the deposits (colluvium and littoral dunes) it is possible to specify the story of the climatic changes during the last 100 000 years. Finally, the recent unstability explains the variety of landscapes in the main basins. Some of them are very monotonous owing to their subsiding tendency. Others are deeply excaved because of their raising movement during the quaternary
Tissier, Grégory. "Ressource et gestion intégrée des eaux karstiques de montagne : analyse des impacts du changement climatique et de l'anthropisation des bassins versants." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808614.
Full textCaballero, Yvan. "Modélisation des écoulements d'origine pluvio-nivo-glaciaire en contexte de haute montagne tropicale : application à la haute-vallée du Zongo (Bolivie)." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20134.
Full textMoindrot, Dominique. "Influence de la fusion nivale sur le bilan hydrologique et la qualité des eaux de trois bassins expérimentaux en moyenne montagne (Haut-Doubs)." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2048.
Full textTribak, Abdellatif. "L'Erosion du Prérif oriental : contribution à l'étude de la dynamique actuelle dans quelques bassins au nord de Taga (Maroc)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE19023.
Full textThe oriental prerif constitute a vulnerable environment, where the acceleration of the erosion is perceptible nearly everywhere. The generalisation of the erosion's forms results from a multitude of factors which the interaction predisposes the region to a sucher attack of the erosive processes. The structure represented by nappes of overthrusting, is extrenly complex. She marks on the region by a vigourous and dissected relief in the detail. The lithologic families well diversified, are predominated by marly lings favorable to the erosion. In the humid season, maximals rainfalls are concentrated in days, their action is agressive. To all this, we can add a demographic overloading accompanied of course by an acceleration of the phenomenons of erosin. In these conditions, the present erosion is accelerated and reached her optimal stage. Her forms of action are spread and diversified nearly everywhere. These forms belong to the gully erosion earthflow and mud flow families. The attempts of the fight against the erosion have been collided to technic and socio-economics obstacles of which we must care before every procedure of management
Coron, Laurent. "Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuelssont-ils robustes face à un climat en évolution ? Diagnostic sur un échantillon de bassins versants français et australiens." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00879090.
Full textMathys, Nicolle. "Analyse et modélisation à différentes échelles des mécanismes d'érosion et de transport de matériaux solides : cas des petits bassins versants de montagne sur marne (Draix, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0151.
Full textThe research aims at the determination of the hydrological and erosional response of a small mountain catch ment to a rainfall event. It leans on the data and observations from the Draix field laboratory. The work analyse the processes and factors that control the response and discuss their relative importance. Several spatial scales are investigated : the plot scale, the slope gully scale, the small basin scale. Through the statistical analysis of the data (1985-2003), the high non-linearity of the responses is pointed out. Specifie field work (rainfall simulations, measurements under natural rainfall events, field surveys of the channel network) allows the interpretation of the response in term of erosion and sediment transport processes. A first attempt of modelling with the ETC model (Erosion des torrents en crue) developed by Cemagref, is conducted to test the model ability to reproduce the spatial and temporal patterns of the erosion response observed in the field work
Cubizolle, Hervé. "Fonctionnement et dynamique d'un système fluvial de moyenne montagne cristalline : le bassin de la Dore (Massif central français)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20068.
Full textDuchesne, Mathieu. "Sédimentologie de dépôts quaternaires graveleux dans le bassin versant de la Rivière Chicoutimi à Laterrière, Québec /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textYounoussi, Abdelhamid. "Problèmes d'érosion et aménagement dans les montagnes du Rif central, Maroc : exemple de Tafrant moyen Ouergha." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE1A001.
Full textThe problem of erosion in Tafrant mid-Ouergha is a crucial one. This phenomenon is everyday manifestations which are widespread throughout the region because of favorable conditions. Effectively, the structure, which is characterized by multiple thrusting water sheets such as thase of Ketama, Tangier, Loukos, and ouezzane, gives a young and vigorous relief consisting of a number of ridges ( ridges of Benimesguilda, Tafrant-Tabouda, and ridges of Beni Oueriagel). The lithology dominated by series of marl-particulary in the sectors of the pre-rifaine zone, and the mid-parts of ridges-remains favorable for the erosion's manifestations. The climatic factor is also very important since it has disastrous effects on the soils. The heavy rain, concentrated in few days of the year causes tremendous damages. In addition to what have been mentioned above, there is an anthropic action which contributes to the break-down of the natural equilibrium in this region ? Thus the current erosion's forms are obuious in most slopes. Among these forms, we have gullies, slides and muddy flows. The various anti-erosive attempts are limited, and sometimes they miss-fit the region's conditions
Taccone, Florent. "Modélisation numérique du transfert sédimentaire en bassin versant montagneux fortement érodable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1040/document.
Full textIn some small mountain catchments, extreme rainfall events can lead to strong sediment exports. This large volume of sediment can have an impact on the management of hydraulic structures downstream these basins. Today, to represent erosion processes on a watershed scale, distributed conceptual models are mainly used (CASC2D, SHETRAN, DWSM). These models are based on global erosion formulas and are validated for coarse mesh sizes (> 30 m). On the other hand, there are models capable of finely representing gravity erosion processes, by multiphase flows, mainly used on small-scale cases. This thesis work proposes the development of a physics-based model capable of representing both hydraulic transfers and watershed hydrology, gravity-driven erosion processes and sediment erosion/deposition in the hydraulic network. This will quantify sediment export at the outlet of a basin for extreme events, identify areas of high sediment production and sediment storage dynamics in the hydraulic network to facilitate watershed management. The first step is to evaluate the resolution of the Saint-Venant equations for run off with low water depths on steep slopes. To diagnose the different numerical schemes that can be found in the literature, a test case, with an analytical solution of the Saint-Venant equations, representing a straight channel on which a constant rain falls is used. This test case includes a dry zone upstream and allows the evaluation of the key properties that a scheme must include to represent runoff over a watershed, such as positive water depths, the transition between dry and wet zones, the balance of the lake at rest and the non-limitation of the slope. The Chen and Noelle (2017) scheme is finally chosen.Then, with the addition of a Green-Ampt infiltration law (1911), the model will be evaluated in its ability to represent output hydrographs, but especially local flow velocities over real watersheds. For this, we evaluate the part of error coming from the numerical resolution and the physical modeling of the friction of the water on the bottom through four experimental cases from the laboratory scale to a basin of 1 km².A gravity erosion model, based on Takahashi's (2009) detachment and deposition criteria, is coupled to the global hydraulic model by a bottom evolution equation. The evolution of the sediment stock in the hydraulic network is modeled using an advection equation representing suspended sediments in the flow. The classic laws of Krone and Parthenades erosion and deposition are used for the recovery sediment deposition in the network.The erosion model is then validated on the Laval watershed (86 ha), instrumented and monitored by the ORE Draix-Bléone, on several very erosive events. Finally, the model is applied to two basins that are not instrumented but are of interest to EDF, for an ovoid dimensioning study in the Durance valley. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator
Journot, Florence. "Archéologie des châteaux médiévaux de la montagne héraultaise : haut bassin de l'Orb et bassin de la Lergue : Xe-XIVe siècle." Rennes 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN20006.
Full textFrom the Xth to the XIth century, the castra or castella mentioned in texts were most often situated on rocky summits : small, without enceinte, with stones irregularly bonded, often with herring-bone courses, their construction is entrusted to professional overseeing a less specialised work force, while counts and viscounts choose the location of these castles, controlling roads, it is their inhabitants who finance the construction. Others, not mentioned in texts, were no doubt built by independent small lords, many of these castles have houses at their bases. From the XIIth century onwards, on more accessible sites, the castle only protects against small scale attacks; simply planned, witch non flanked enceintes, sometimes just one massive building. In the north of the region of Beziers, castles are situated alongside roads and mining areas. Toll points control the obligatory passages. In the Lodeve region. The bishop installs systematically throughout his territory small castles and fortiae. When a castle is surrounded by a closed village, it tends to overflow beyond the enceinte; fortified habitations built by local lords, co-lords and knights tend to be separated from the original caput castri. The castrun can also be a set of habitations, ruled over by a community, situated at a certain distance from the caput castriwhere the population takes refuge in case of danger. There are few cha ges after the royal conquest; tow royal castellanies are established in the northern part of the Beziers region: some defensive characteristics are introduced, but only one family copy the royal strongholds by rebuilding its castle to compete with royal authority
Rolin, Didier. "Etude morphodynamique d'un bassin versant de haute montagne alpine : La Grande Sassière (Tignes-Savoie)." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA120041.
Full textPourrier, Jonathan. "Caractérisation des processus de transferts et d’interactions entre les compartiments hydrologiques, hydrogéologiques et cryosphériques d’un bassin versant andin semi-aride soumis à une forte variabilité climatique (Vallée de l’Elqui – Chili)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20108/document.
Full textThe north Chile is affected by an arid to semi-arid climate, associated with a strong seasonal to inter-annual variability. In this region, while mountainous areas are supporting low areas, the availability of water resources remains limited. In order to improve the water management in these basins, it is necessary to precise how the high areas support the low areas, and to characterize water transfers and interaction processes between the constitutive compartments of the hydrosystem. This work concern the characterization of the hydrodynamic behavior of the Elqui watershed from the headwaters, in the Andes, to the valleys, ranging between 500 and 2000 m.a.s.l.In the headwaters, the interactions processes between cryospheric and hydrologic compartments and their impact on water transfers to the low areas are characterized. The behavior of unglacierized or partially glacierized watershed is also studied. In the low area of the watershed, the study mainly considers groundwater-surface water interactions under semi-arid context and the impact of the climatic variability on these processes. This study is based on more than 40 years of hydro-meteorological data available in the lower zone of the basin, completed by hydrological measurements in the upper zone (> 2000 m.a.s.l.) and chemical (majors and traces elements) and isotopic samples (²D, 18O) over the whole study area realized between 2011 and 2013.This work demonstrated that the conceptual model of the Elqui basin hydrological behavior, generally accepted, was incomplete. In the high area (> 2000 m.a.s.l.), the study of a glacierized watershed show that the function of the cryosphere overpass the water production with some compartments storing water during humid periods and draining their water content during dry periods. This process buffers the temporal variability of precipitations and melting rates in the high area. Physico-chemical analysis, allows to identify some ignored aquifer compartments, as the volcanic and plutonic compartments. The results of this study improve the knowledge about interactions processes between cryospheric, hydrologic and hydrogeologic compartments, which precise the hydrological functioning of the high area. The interpretation of the hydrological behavior of the high altitude area allows to better understand the way that it support the low area, and the way that climate variability may affects it.In the low area, results show that the groundwater-surface water interaction potential is good between alluvial and hydrological compartments, but also between the plutonic and the alluvial compartments. The study of hydro-meteorological and physico-chemical data allowed to characterize the type of exchanges that take place between groundwater and surface water. In some sectors the main process is the recharge of the alluvial compartment by the hydrological compartment, while in other sectors the processes show a seasonal variability with periods of alluvial compartment recharge and periods of hydrological compartment support. The answer of these processes face to climatic and anthropic forcing will constrain the evolution of the availability and quality of the water resources in the Elqui basin. Finally, the results of this study will certainly allow to better anticipate the future modifications of the semi-arid mountainous watershed hydrological functioning
Saint-Martin, Michel. "Evolution du bassin stéphanien de Graissessac en relation avec les tectoniques hercyniennes et tardi-hercyniennes de la Montagne noire (Sud du Massif Central français)." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20001.
Full textLaborde-Casadaban, Marine. "Déformations et processus tectono-sédimentaires dans les sédiments marins semi-indurés : cas des bassins Permo-Triasique d'Europe du Nord (UK) et du bassin intra-montagneux de Tabernas (Espagne)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066563/document.
Full textThe aim is to study the sedimentary structures of deformation produced by liquefaction in subsurface of marine sediments (soft sediment deformations) during seismic events. A characterization of different levels of seismites is carried out in order to (1) establish links between the formation of SSDs and the regional tectonics with the time of destabilization using structural directions of deformation; (2) to discuss the impact of lithology on the shape and location of deformation structures in the sedimentary pile. The characterization of SSDs is realized from: (1) field observations and (2) statistical measurements of the direction of structures on objects of variable dimensions. The first studied case concerns the characterization of the SSDs that affect the Penarth group (Triassic-Jurassic boundary) deposits in the British Isles at the beginning of the break-up phase of the Pangea. The second example present the characterization of upstream areas of four major mass transport deposits, located in the intramontane basin of Tabernas, in the Betic Cordilleras (Spain). Sediment lithology and induration rates with depth, have a strong impact on the type of observed deformation structures. The parameters that encourage the triggering of the gravity destabilization above a liquefied level are (1) a low sedimentary induration rate which does not limit the liquefaction process (2) a high liquefaction duration which requires a high magnitude of the seismic event (3) the absence of faults which cross the liquefied level and can anchor the deformation in the underlying bed by forming relief
Salahié, M. Oussama. "Etude des formations périglaciaires en moyenne montagne cristalline le bassin versant de la Liepvrette (Vosges, France) /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376096304.
Full textSALAHIE, M. OUSSAMA. "Etude des formations periglaciaires en moyenne montagne cristalline : le bassin versant de la liepvrette (vosges, france)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10010.
Full textThe superficial formations of the basin "la liepvrette" (the median vosges) present original characteristics in comparison with formations in other ancient massifs of the oceanic temperate domain : - the ubiquity of the frost shattered slope formations which can be many meters deep. - the specific location on the other sand, of the granitic sands which present nevertheless a more advanced geochemical evolution than the other surrounding basins of the vosges area. The gneissic sands are not much developed. - the bedded sands are generally present but not "ubiquistic". The weakness of the development of the granitic sands in linked to the scarcity of favourable lithological conditions - the porphyritic and microgranulated texture- and to the presence of alterable minerals. Other kinds of granites present a cata- clastic feature whose water proofness has prevented the sands formation. The hypertrophy characteristic of the gelifract formations can be related to the particular behaviour of the gneiss under the effect of frost, supplying an abundant silty fraction which promotes gelifluction. The periglacial feature of these superficial formations may be acquired. "periodicel- ly" stratified deposits which are alternately "rubified" can be found parallel to the slope ; theire micromorphological characteristics enable us to relate them to the segragation of ice lens in a periglacial environment. The gelifract formations also reveal cryogenic structures with sub-angular and alveolar forms. The foliated structure within the compressed graded bedding white horizons on the bundsandstein sandstone is also related to the action of cold climates
Defive, Emmanuelle. "L'encaissement du réseau hydrographique dans le bassin supérieur de la Loire : contribution à l'etude des rythmes d'évolution géomorphologique en moyenne montagne volcanisée." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010655.
Full textChabbi, Abad. "Conditions écologiques et dynamique de la végétation : basses montagnes du Rif occidental au Maroc." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30035.
Full textThe subject of this study ecological conditions of the growing stock in the low mountains of the occidental rif in morocco. Cork oak (quercus suber) is the species of these woodlands. The regressive dynamics of the vegetation was of major interest. In the past, these cork oak were subject to a management project, which was never finished for reasons of accessibility and finance. Today the degradation of the rif area is a big ecological problem. During 4 years of investigation we dealt with the role of climatic and pedological conditions and particularly with the relation between plant species and ecological variables, using of "factor analyses of correspondances" (f. A. C. ). Further anthropological and sociopolitical factors were taken into account. Important remarks have been made concerning the impact of fire not only on group dynamics but also on mortality and burning losses. The speed of stand types regression was measured by examination of two aireal photographs, which were taken within a scope of 20 years. Finally the development of an original synthesis of photographic materiel out of superposition of cartographic material became possible. It shows the regressive dynamics of the three growing stocks of ahl serif, beni issef and soumata. During this study it became apparent that there is not equilibrium between the vegetation and its environmental factors. The vegetation is not at its climax. In fact, the low mountains of the occidental rif have suffered since many ages from degradation as a result of cutting and burning due to cultivation and pasture. We note that the witnesses of the ancient landscape have been registered by the soil profiles and underlined by the presence of characteristic species. By this study we want to attract the attention of the. .
Pépin, Emilie. "Interactions géomorphologiques et sédimentaires entre bassin versant et piémont alluvial : modélisation numérique et exemples naturels dans les Andes." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1071/.
Full textClimatic or tectonics changes, base level variation or natural feedbacks markers can be interpreted from terraces formed by landscapes entrenchments. This study provides improved entrenchment interpretation by focussing on a mountain catchments-foreland system. Two necessary conditions for permanent autogenic entrenchment (without climate or tectonic changes) in a catchment-fan system are defined using the CIDRE digital model. These include a significant transport threshold (critical shear stress) and a downstream boundary condition corresponding to a transversal river. The entrenchments propagate from the fan apex both upstream to mountain divides and downstream to the fan base. The strength of feedback with the mountain catchments is dependent on the size of the foreland. This relationship between mountain and foreland is responsible for simple or complex responses to the degree of climatic change perturbations. Natural cases studies show that the current erosion rates of Chilean catchments are essentially controlled by mean runoff rates combined with mean slope and plant cover thresholds. The mountain catchment-fan system of Las Tunas (Argentina) has been strongly entrenched in three main terraces levels. Terrace geometry and continuity from foreland to mountain have been detailed by our kinematic GPS study proving strong relationships between mountain and foreland. 10Be studies has revealed two significant results: (1) entrenchments are correlated glacial-interglacial cycles and (2) 10Be concentration versus depth profiles show that terrace remobilization (plane and disconnected surfaces) occurs down to two meters of depth
Pepin, Emilie. "Interactions géomorphologiques et sédimentaires entre bassin versant et piémont alluvial. Modélisation numérique et exemples naturels dans les Andes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557528.
Full textCharnay, Bérangère. "Pour une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau sur un territoire de montagne : le cas du bassin versant du Giffre (Haute-Savoie)." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS003.
Full textWater resources management is a complex issue for several reasons : multiplication and concentration of uses in a situation of interdependence, diversity of socio-economic users, responsibilities split between public and private, sectoral and sometimes mutually contradictory regulations overlap, opposition of representation systems. . . This complexity relates to the relevance and feasibility of integrated and sustainable water resources management in mountain watersheds at a local level. Is this the solution to the management problems in such areas, i. E. Can it provide sustainable solutions to reconcile economic use and water resources conservation? We have chosen the "systems" approach applied to the "Giffre" watershed for holistic understanding of water resources management systems specific to mountain areas
BABAULT, Julien. "Dynamique de l'érosion dans les chaînes de montagnes : Influence de la sédimentation de piedmont. L'exemple des Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007292.
Full textMarcil, Gino-Karl. "Utilisation des données satellitaires MODIS dans un contexte de prévision des crues printanières sur un bassin montagneux canadien." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8819.
Full textFOUCHE, ROGUIEZ SOPHIE. "Modelisation spatialisee du cycle de l'eau en milieu de moyenne montagne temperee : application au petit bassin versant de recherches du ringelbach (hautes-vosges)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13217.
Full textLacambre, Anne. "Aléas et risques naturels en montagne : apports et limites d'un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) : application au haut bassin versant du Drac (Hautes-Alpes, France)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040068.
Full textErosional forms and processes are studied in the two alpine valleys which constitue the Drac springs (Orcières and Champoléon communes, Hautes-Alpes, France). In addition to the inventory of the areas concerned by the numerous hazards and risks (avalanches, floods, debris flows, landslides), the population perception of these risks is analysed. But, to understand the functionning of the erosional processes, and especially their setting off causes, a Geographical Information System (GIS) is created. The greatest number of the natural environment parameters are to be considered, thanks to thematic maps (topographic, climatic, lithologic, biogeographic data). The intersection of all these data is done to create hazards and risks maps. Finally remarks are carried out on the developped methodology. Although the GIS contains a few weak points, this method remains an essential tool to deal with development questions and particularly natural hazards and risks in mountainous valleys where man is confronted with numerous erosional processes
Biron, Philippe. "Le cycle de l'eau en forêt de moyenne montagne : flux de sêve et bilans hydriques stationnels : bassin versant du Strengbach à Aubure, Hautes Vosges." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR10004.
Full textThe characterization of the water fluxes of 3 forest stands has been studied for 3 years (1989-1991) in the small strengbach catchment (80 ha) located on the eastern side of the vosges mountains. The 3 experimental sites are a 100 year and a 30 year old stand of spruce and a 120 year old stand of beech the sandy silt nature of soils characterized by an important macroporosity and heterogeneity induces a low water retention and a high hydraulic conductivity at saturation. The water retention curves - in sorption and desorption conditions- have been determined on 100 undisturbed soil samples, have been adjusted by van genuchten's model. This fitting has permitted to calculate the maximum extractable water reserve, to estimate the hydraulic conductivity curves and to appreciate the importance of the draining processes. The seasonal interception has been estimated for each stand. The analysis during a rainy period gave the useful elements for an interception modelisation. Aet has been determined during summertime by 2 methods: sum of sap flow and interception and water balance. Results obtained by water balance slightly underestimates sap flow method (7%). A water stress experiment has been conducted on the 30 year old spruce stand; and early regulation process has been observed for this kind of planting
Gay, Isabelle. "Evolution des flux mineraux pendant le tardiglaciaire et l'holocene dans un bassin montagneux a roches magmatiques sous latitude moyenne : le bassin du lac chambon, massif central, france." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2070.
Full textBennani, Oumaima. "Modélisation hydraulique et vulnérabilité territoriale aux inondations en milieu montagneux semi-aride : cas des bassins versants de l’Ourika et la Rheraya (Maroc)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30017.
Full textAs for various regions of Morocco, watersheds in the south-western of the country are sensitive to extreme hydro-climatic events, including floods linked to intense rainfall events. Such episodes are frequent and can be devastating, such as the cases of the Ourika flood in August 1995 and in the Tensift watershed in November 2014 and more recently on the High and the Anti-Atlas during the summer of 2019. Thus, modeling these extreme events is a scientific issue to improve flood forecasting systems and to protect people and infrastructure. To this end, this work aims to couple a physical modeling of flood hazard for some sites with high stakes, such as the Ourika and Rheraya watersheds, with a parametric approach to mapping flood zones. It aims also to a territorial diagnosis of human vulnerability and exposed infrastructures, in order to ensure a good flood risk management. Physiographic and hydro-pluviometric study of the watersheds made it possible to understand their flood dynamics. A frequency analysis of these floods was conducted in order to estimate their probabilities and return periods. In addition, on certain sections presenting a high vulnerability; and using a hydraulic simulation model, a modeling was carried out to analyze the relationship between water level and riverbed flows and to determine the flood zones and the corresponding flood extent at different return periods. This is done by comparing two Digital Elevation Models; an Aster DEM with a spatial resolution of 30 m and a DEM derived from Pleiades stereoscopic imagery with a resolution of 4 m. A second approach, unprecedented in Morocco, has been used to spatialize the risk of flooding at the scale of the watershed. It is a geo-morpho-climatic approach low cost and adapted to the specificities of the watershed studied. This approach allowed us to have a mapping of the flood zones over the whole of the Rheraya watershed. This result validates, in part, that of the hydraulic modeling previously carried out. Finally, a territorial diagnosis made it possible to analyze the issues exposed at the level of the Ourika valley and to identify the areas vulnerable to flood hazards. This diagnosis led to propose evacuation plans, allowing easy access to potential refuge areas in the flood event. The reproducible, inexpensive and relevant nature of this approach would facilitate decision-making and preventative measures
Brigaud, Frédéric. "Conductivité thermique et champ de température dans les bassins sédimentaires : à partir des données de puits." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20176.
Full textBrusset, Stéphane. "Dynamique des bassins d'avant-pays : signatures tectoniques et sédimentaires de l'évolution de chaines de montagnes (exemples de la chaine de Taiwan et de la chaine des Maghrebides-Betides)." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30120.
Full textMimeau, Louise. "Quantification des contributions aux écoulements dans un bassin englacé par modélisation glacio-hydrologique. : Application à un sous-bassin de la Dudh Koshi (Népal, Himalaya)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU014/document.
Full textIn a context of glacier shrinkage caused by climate change and in a context of an increase of the water demand due to population growth and economic development, it is necessary to quantify the contributions to the outflow in the Himalayan mountain catchments in order to improve the present water resource management and find adaptation solutions to climate change.Hydrological models are useful tools to understand the water balance in mountain catchment, however, the lack of meteorological data in high altitude regions and the simplified representation of the cryospheric processes in the models lead to large uncertainties on the simulated river discharges.This study quantifies the different contributions to the outflow as well as their seasonal variations at local scale using a glacio-hydrological model in a glacierized catchment located in the Nepalese Himalayas.New parametrizations for the snow albedo and debris covered glaciers, as well as an avalanche module, were implemented in DHSVM-GDM model in order to improve the simulation of the snow cover dynamics and the glacier evolution.The simulated water balance obtained with the new configuration of the DHSVM-GDM model shows that glaciers have a major impact on the river discharges, especially during winter when the outflow is mainly controlled by the release from the englacial water storage.This study highlights the complexity of quantifying the glacier contribution to the river discharges because, on the studied catchment, the glacier contribution is equal to 45 % of the total runoff considering the share of ice melt to the river discharge, or 70 % considering the share of runoff originating from glacierized areas.The impact of the representation of the cryospheric processes in the model and the impact of the forcing data on the simulated water components are analysed to assess the uncertainty on the hydrological modelling.The uncertainty related to the glacierized area estimation leads to an uncertainty of 20 % on the simulated ice melt volume, and the uncertainty related to the precipitation datasets result in a simulated ice melt contribution to the outflow ranging from 28 et 70 % of the annual outflow
Gourdin, Elian. "Traçage des sources et quantification de la dynamique des sédiments en crue : application au bassin tropical montagneux de la Houay Xon au Laos." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112201/document.
Full textSoil erosion is particularly intense in small mountainous tropical catchments. When supplied to the rivers, eroded sediment leads to numerous problems downstream (transfer of pollutants, increase of water turbidity, dam siltation…). Identifying sediment sources and understanding their dynamics across catchments constitutes a prerequisite to design and implement efficient measures to reduce these problems. This thesis aimed at testing and developing fingerprinting methods, by comparing physico-chemical properties of soils and riverine suspended sediment to define their origin and constrain their transfer across catchments. The study site is a 22.4 km² catchment in northern Laos equipped with nested monitoring stations and submitted to monsoon rainfalls. Three field campaigns were conducted to collect samples of surface soils, gullies, riverbanks, and rainwater, overland flow, river water, suspended matter and deposited sediment during three floods at the beginning of the monsoon in May 2012 and June 2013. Collected samples were analysed to determine fallout radionuclide activities (¹³⁷Cs, ⁷Be and ²¹ºPb), organic matter composition (organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, C/N ratio, δ¹³C et δ¹⁵N), particle size distribution and water composition (electric conductivity and δ¹⁸O). Several methodological experiments were performed to check assumptions underlying the use of atmospheric 7Be and ²¹ºPb as tracers of sediment (quick adsorption of rainwater radionuclides to soil particles; similarity between /210Pbxs activity ratio measured in overland flow particles and corresponding rainfall signature). During the flood studied in May 2012, the contribution of recently eroded sediment was high at the beginning of the rising stage (25-35%), but was then diluted by sediment remobilization from the riverbed and deposition areas (swamps). The combined determination of particulate organic carbon (POC) and ¹³⁷Cs activity of sediment indicated the dominance of surface soil ( C₃ vegetation labelling) erosion in upstream parts and the increase of riverbank (labelled by C₄ plants) erosion contribution in the downstream part of the catchment. The highest runoff coefficient (11.7%), sediment specific yield (43.3 Mg km-2), total organic carbon specific yield (0.83 MgC km-2) and overland flow contribution (78–100%) were found at the station draining mainly the areas covered with teak plantations. Total organic carbon concentrations and POC specific yields calculated during this thesis are much higher than those obtained during a previous study carried out 10 years earlier in the same catchment, when teak plantations covered a much lower proportion of its area (2.5% in 2002-2003 vs 32% in 2012). At the downstream station, carbon specific yields for the studied flood in 2012 were twice higher than the annual ones observed in 2002-2003 (34 erosive events). During the two floods analysed in June 2013, the spatial and temporal variability of ⁷Be and ²¹ºPb wet deposition was investigated and quantified. The results indicate that the input signal of ⁷Be/²¹ºPb labelling associated with each storm should be determined and that spatially distributed collection of rainfall should be privileged to the sequential time-fractionated sampling at a single location. During these floods, the composition of exported suspended sediment could be studied along a continuum of ten nested stations draining areas between 0.1 ha and 19.8 km². Respective contributions of the different surface and subsurface sources of sediment and their propagation across the catchment, were successfully determined with the same tracers as during the May 2012 event. In future, the panel of parameters used in this thesis could be applied to characterise suspended matter behaviour during floods occurring later in the rainy season, or along a longer continuum of nested monitoring stations
Gallaud, Audrey. "Interaction orogenèse-climat-érosion en Asie Centrale durant le cénozoïque : l'impact de la surrection de la chaîne du Tianshan sur le climat dans le bassin du Junggar." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2061.
Full textComes-Trinidad, Emilie. "Etude des dynamiques de peuplement en contexte de moyenne montagne à la fin du Moyen Age et au début de l'époque moderne (XIIè-XVIIè siècles) : Le cas du bassin versant de l’Eyrieux (Ardèche)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ2001.
Full textThe Eyrieux drainage basin, in the centre of the actual department of Ardèche, is a middle mountain area, considered as a step between Massif Central and Rhône valley. As an intersection between various cultural, political and historical influences, this area is a perfect field for the study of human dynamics, especially scattered settlements dynamics at the end of Middle Ages. The study delivered nuanced results, some of which fit the major development trends identified at smaller scales and others are original. Actually, the scattered settlement has been identified as a preferential support for the extension of agricultural development since Carolingian period. In spite of monastic officering from the 10th century and landlords officering from the 11th century, the scattered settlement remains part of the territory. Although some castral or ecclesial centres generate real villages, the biggest part of the area is globally occupied by scattered settlements. At the end of Middle Ages, two agricultural development movements based on mas and tenant farms were driven by the land lords and a nascent commoner elite. A real gap in development emerged between the western part of the area, which was generally rich and populated, and the eastern part of the area, which seemed to suffer more from the late-medieval crises. Periods of crisis and modern human and economic recovery contributed to the spread and consolidation of the scattered settlements in a context of changing population dynamics brought about by the end of the castles and the disappearance of the church within a territory shared by two faiths
Cossart, Etienne. "Evolution géomorphologique du haut bassin durancien depuis la dernière glaciation : Contribution à la compréhension du fonctionnement du système paraglaciaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139899.
Full textTemple-Boyer, Elise. "Aménagement et ménagement du paysage dans la Dorsale Tunisienne : Évolution, représentation et gestion de la conservation des eaux et des sols à l'échelle de trois petits bassins-versants." Phd thesis, Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174543/en/.
Full textL'intérêt n'est pas d'étudier l'érosion en tant que telle, mais les populations face à ces phénomènes. Or, si l'érosion se pose bien à l'échelle régionale, et si les politiques d'aménagement de conservation se conçoivent effectivement à cette échelle, les solutions, elles, ne peuvent être recherchées qu'à l'échelle du paysage, cadre de vie des populations. Est alors analysé le lien entre les perceptions qu'ont les scientifiques et les paysans de ces paysages et de ces milieux, afin de voir si les actions d'aménagements proposées sont susceptibles d'être comprises et reproduites par les habitants.
A travers un réseau de petits bassins-versants, suivi par l'IRD et la DG/ACTA, a été développée une approche paysagère fondée sur la segmentation du paysage. A cette analyse du paysage, s'ajoute une recherche sur la représentation et la perception des milieux par les acteurs locaux et étatiques afin de mieux cerner l'intégration ou non des aménagements dans leur cadre de vie.
Said, Aymen. "Tectonique active de l'Atlas Sud Tunisien : approche structurale et morphotectonique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1245/.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the determination of the crustal geometry, kinematic history, active tectonics and seismic hazard in the Southern Tunisian Atlas (STA). It is based on the acquisition and analysis of field data (geology, geomorphology and paleoseismology), the interpretation of satellite images, the dating of morphological markers offset by active faults, the seismic interpretation and the construction of balanced cross-sections. The STA is characterized by thin skinned and thick skinned thrust structures and a lateral variation of regional deformation (structural geometry and shortening rate) controlled by NW-SE oblique ramps inherited from borders of a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic rift. The first increments of compressive deformation were recorded in the Turonian-Maastrichtian by a pro parte tectonic inversion of NW-SE and EW normal faults. Compression then has spread back from Serravalian-Tortonian into the STA, where it was manifested by fault propagation folds in the post Triassic sedimentary cover. The major Eocene "Atlas event" described in hinterland domains and in the Eastern Tunisia did not deform significantly the STA, which corresponded probably in this period to the backbulge depozone of the Maghrebides. The Gafsa fault is the longest oblique ramp of the STA structure inherited from the rift. It has a complex geometry with a decoupling between the post-Paleozoic sedimentary cover and the basement above thanks to a Triassic evaporite layer. We show that despite a moderate instrumental and historical seismicity, this fault has produced M = 6 earthquakes with a return period of ca. 500 - 5000 years during the Late Quaternary. The latest large event having produced a surface rupture on the fault occurred around 8000 years BP, suggesting a M = 6 earthquake is overdue on the fault. The fault has a minimum reverse component of slip rate of 0. 21 - 0. 34 mm / yr over the past 50 ka and paleoseismological analysis prove that rare M = 7 paleoearthquakes may be suspected. Such strong earthquakes would require the activation of the buried basement fault and its transient coseismic linkage with the overlying listric fault ramping off the décollement layer. A microseismic study is essential to support this hypothesis. The STA folds are worn by ramps which are expressed by the emerging of active thrusts. These thrusts, whose slip rates are comprised between 0. 05 and 0. 15 mm/year, have the potential to generate M = 6 earthquakes. Two significant thrusts by their size, and therefore by the magnitude that they can produce (Chotts and Métlaoui) should be the subject for detailed complementary studies
Zeller, Bernhard. "Contribution à l'étude de la décomposition d'une litière de hêtre, la libération de l'azote, sa minéralisation et son prélèvement par le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L. ) dans une hêtraie de montagne du bassin versant du Strengbach (Haut-Rhin)." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0229_ZELLER.pdf.
Full textGauquelin, Thierry. "Recherches sur la dynamique de la végétation et des formations superficielles dans les montagnes du bassin occidental de la Méditerrannée étude des formations à génevrier thurifère et à xérophytes épineuses en coussinet des Atlas marocains /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613849v.
Full textJacquemin, Coralie. "Vulnérabilité des lacs de haute altitude au changement climatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0012.
Full textThis thesis provides a better understanding of phytoplankton controlling factors and phytoplankton sensitivity to climate change in high altitude lakes. These themes were addressed by an in situ monitoring conducted for two years in six french alpine lakes and by two series of microcosms experiments in which natural phytoplankton communities were exposed to a temperature increase and to different contexts of nutrient availability (N and P). Our results showed that the taxonomic and functional composition is partly regulated by the nutrient deposition regime and by lakes’ catchment characteristics. In lakes exposed to moderate N and P deposition regime, having a larger catchment increases the probability of N limitation and the ecological performance of mixotroph taxa in late summer phytoplankton communities. In lakes exposed to high N and P deposition regime, strict photoautotroph chlorophytes dominate phytoplankton communities in late summer, whatever the catchment characteristics. Lakes exposed to moderate N and P deposition regime appeared to be more vulnerable to the decline of mixotroph taxa and to the development of cyanobacteria while lakes exposed to high N and P deposition regime appeared to be more vulnerable to chlorophyte development. Ultimately, this research provides insights on the vulnerability of french alpine lakes to climate change
Pouille, Lauren. "Paléobiodiversité des Radiolaires du Paléozoique inférieur (Cambrien-Ordovicien) : Aperçu à travers une étude des assemblages à radiolaires provenant des montagnes de l’Altai (Russie), d’Aksuran (Kazakstan), du bassin de Georgina (Australie) et de la Terre Neuve occidentale (Canada)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10152/document.
Full textOur understanding of the structuration of Lower Paleozoic pelagic trophic chains during the ‘Cambrian Explosion’ and the ‘Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event’, which has lead to the establishment of modern marine ecosystems, is still very fragmentary. We are here interested in understanding the paleodiversity dynamics of polycystines Radiolaria planctonic group, a key biotic component of the heterotrophic plankton, in order get a better idea of the timing and dynamics of plankton diversification at the Lower Paleozoic. The discovery of new material from the Altai Mountains (Siberia) brings new data on the fossil record of the first biomineralized radiolarians with the identification of the oldest representatives of the Archeoentactinidae family dated of a Botomian age. Study conducted on Newfoundland and Australian material allowed us to characterize precisely the various biotic changes undergone by radiolarians during the Cambrian-Ordovician transition, at the dawn of the planktonic revolution but also to precise their paleogeographic distribution at the Late Cambrian. A detailed taxonomic study conducted on a Kazakhstanian sample has allowed us to describe a new radiolarian assemblage enriching considerably our knowledge on the radiolarian diversity at the middle Ordovician
Patin, Marie. "4D basin analysis of the intra-continental Hefei Basin in correlation with adjacent Dabie Orogen evolution (East China)." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-301.pdf.
Full textDans la partie Ouest du bassin, les trois failles principales ont un rejet normal (de 400 à 1000 m) tandis que dans la partie Est, les failles de Shushan et Feixi présentent un jeu inverse (de plus de 2000 m). Ceci peut être corrélé avec la compression continue enregistrée dans les Montagnes du Dabie jusqu'à la fin du Jurassique. Une accumulation importante de sédiments jurassiques dans le bassin concorde avec les hauts taux d'exhumation des Montagnes du Dabie. Au Crétacé inférieur (135-96 Ma), le centre de dépôt sédimentaire du bassin migre vers le NE, le long de la faille de Tanlu, qui marque la limite Est du bassin. Les failles de Feizhong, Shushan et Feixi ont un jeu syn-sédimentaire. Dans les Montagnes du Dabie, la transition compression-extension a lieu vers 135 Ma, et l'orogène entre dans une phase de « doming ». Du volcanisme et la mise en place de plutons granitique accompagnent cette extension liée à la subduction de la plaque Pacifique à l'Est. L'influence de la faille de Tanlu sur le développement du bassin de Hefei augmente durant le Crétacé. Les sédiments du Crétacé supérieur (96-65. 5 Ma) ne sont déposés que dans la partie NE du bassin, le long de la faille de Tanlu, avec un taux de subsidence de 4 m/Ma. L'étape suivante dans l'évolution du bassin de Hefei, à l'Eocene (53-33. 7 Ma) est marquée par une nouvelle extension. Les failles de Feizhong et Feixi ont un jeu syn-sèdimentaire permettant une accumulation de sédiments atteignant 2500 m. Le taux de subsidence est de 12 m/Ma dans la partie Sud du bassin. Cette extension est associée à la collision Inde-Asie à l'Ouest. Au Néogène (23. 5-0 Ma) les sédiments sont déposés dans la partie Ouest du bassin et couvrent les failles majeures. L'étude du bassin de Hefei permet une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution tardi et post-orogénique des Montagnes du Dabie voisines. Une bonne corrélation existe entre la chaine de montagnes et le bassin sédimentaire connexe. Dans l'optique d'une recherche de pétrole ou de gaz, ces corrélations entre chaîne orogénique et bassin (source potentielle) sont extrêmement importantes
Talebi, Shahriar. "Source et propagation des émissions sismo-acoustiques engendrées par des injections de fluide dans un massif rocheux." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066306.
Full textChouieb, Mohamed. "Etude phytoécologique, dendroécologique et dendrométrique des principales essences forestières dans les monts de Tlemcen : (Algérie nord occidentale)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10224.
Full textCharnay, Bérengère. "Pour une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau sur un territoire de montagne. Le cas du bassin versant du Giffre (Haute-Savoie)." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472979.
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