Academic literature on the topic 'Batak (Philippine people)'

Indonesia’s border region to Phillippines, especially to the Sangihe Islands which borders to southern, is mostly a less developed area. To accelerate development of this border region, Indonesia and the Philippines need to exercise a strategy which optimize social connectivity which has been existed since centuries by the Indonesian Sangihe people known as Sangir-Philippines (“Sapi”) or the Philippines-Sangir (“Pisang”). Although they are sovereign states now with their sovereign territorial rights, these facts do not prevent these peoples to continue their traditional cross border for the purpose of social, culture and economic activities. This paper examines how their social connectivity could be utilized to develop border area between Indonesia and the Philippine. By using qualitative methods, the data for this paper is collected from interviews, focus group discussions, field research and literature reviews.This paper concludes that social connectivity among Sapi/Pisang people on the Indonesian and the Philippines respective side raises some challenges such as problems of stateless people, illegal cross-border activities, and terrorism-related activities. However, this paper also found out some positive impacts from their social connectivities, such as the establishment of traditional cross-border cooperation and trade, the opening of the Davao-Bitung ferry line, and cooperation between regional governments. As a step forward, this research emphasizes the importance of strong political will and active participation from both countries in utilizing social connectivity to build a shared border region.Keywords: “Sapi”, “Pisang”, Border, Social Connectivity, Development, Indonesia, Philippine AbstrakKawasan Perbatasan Indonesia di Kepulauan Sangihe yang berbatasan dengan Filipina bagian selatan, tergolong sebagai daerah tertinggal. Untuk mempercepat pembangunan kawasan tersebut, Indonesia dan Filipina dapat melaksanakan strategi yang memanfaatkan konektivitas sosial yang sudah dibangun oleh masyarakat perbatasan yang dikenal dengan istilah Sangir-Philipina (Sapi) atau Philipina-Sangir (Pisang). Berdirinya Indonesia dan Filipina sebagai dua negara yang berdaulat sejak berakhirnya Perang Dunia II ternyata tidak menghentikan orang Sapi/Pisang untuk melakukan kegiatan lintas batas tradisional untuk tujuan sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi. Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana dampak negatif dan dampak positif dari konektivitas sosial di atas dalam membangun kawasan perbatasan Indonesia-Filipina. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, diskusi kelompok terpimpin, penelitian lapangan dan studi pustaka. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa konektivitas sosial antar orang-orang Sapi/Pisang di sisi Indonesia dan di sisi Filipina menimbulkan masalah berupa orang-orang tanpa kewarganegaraan, kegiatan lintas batas ilegal, dan aktivitas terkait terorisme. Namun demikian, Tulisan ini juga menemukan dampak positif dari konektivitas sosial di atas berupa terjalinnya kerja sama lintas batas tradisional dan perdagangan, pembukaan jalur kapal feri Davao-Bitung, dan kerja sama antar pemerintah daerah. Sebagai langkah ke depan, penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kehendak politik yang kuat dan partisipasi aktif dari kedua negara dalam memanfaatkan konektivitas sosial untuk membangun kawasan perbatasan bersama.

Described are observations on Batak foods,tooth use, oral hygiene, and resulting wear and oralpathology in dental casts of 29 Batak ranging from 15 to 49years of age. Commonly consumed foods are roughly 80percent plant, and 20 percent animal products. Cookingis common. Eating includes one or two main daily mealswith occasional snacking. Cariogenic commerciallymanufacturedflour and sugar are rarely available.Oral hygiene involves “finger-brushing” of anteriorteeth with fine sand. The practice is more common infemales than in males. Caries are rare in both sexes as isantemortem tooth loss. Tooth chipping is more commonin males. Periodontal disease is generally slight andnearly equal in the sexes. Tooth wear is relatively slightbut strongly age-related as in many other populations.

Ethnic groups are known as minorities in any society. However, the richness of their culture can never be undermined, rather, it serves as defining stuff of history that is worthy of being upheld and preserved. This ethnographic study was specifically designed to investigate how the Panay Bukidnon-Halawodnons in barangay Agcalaga, Calinog, Iloilo, Philippines upheld their cultural society amidst the influence of the mainstream institutions in their community during the 1st quarter of 2019. The informants were chosen through purposive sampling on the basis of the inclusion criteria set before them. Permission from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) and the cultural community was secured prior to the conduct of fieldwork in the said area. The researchers performed data triangulation and ground truths for the validity of data and observed data saturation for the reliability of the gathered data. NVivo 12 Plus was used for conceptual analysis while the researchers themselves did the analytic analysis. Barangay Agcalaga is generally on its midway progress. Being a cultural community, the Panay Bukidnon-Halawodnons in this place maintain their cultures such as Council of Elders, "binanog" dance, rituals in farming, house construction, circumcision, dagaan, luy-a luy-a, and batak-dungan; bayanihan; babaylan; and love of nature while their lost cultures include binukot; serenade (harana); traditional IP house; burial rites (embalming); dowry system; primitive costumes (bahag and patadyong). The Philippine government is called to ratify the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 or Convention 169 to fortify the cultures of the Indigenous Peoples not only in Calinog, Iloilo but also in the entire country.

Abstract Law protection on domestic worker is one of occupation that woman and children do where in the implementation they must get protection from government since the constitution has guarantee certainty, equality, and protection for every citizen without exception to include them. Government as facilitator in private realm must take responsibility to protect woman and child domestic worker with formulate comprehensive regulation and the institution that carry on in order to shape socio-culture of people to friendly domestic worker. Unfortunately, statutory are not accommodate legal protection for domestic worker. The only hope right now is on department ordinance that still have problem such as contradiction. Based on those problem, the reconstruction of law to solve substantial, structure, and cultural are needed. This research is use statutory approach, comparation approach, and conceptual approach as the method. The conclusion that this research got is the absent of comprehensive legal protection for domestic worker is caused by no legal recognition can give them certainty and protection. Therefore, the initiation to reconstruct protection for domestic worker with the basis is draft act protection for domestic worker that emulate Philippines statutory named Batas Kasambahay and creation of special inspector team for domestic worker are needed. Keywords : Legal Protection, Domestic Worker, Reconstruction of Law Abstrak : Perlindungan hukum terhadap Pembantu Rumah Tangga (PRT) merupakan salah satu profesi yang banyak dikerjakan oleh perempuan dan anak dimana pada tataran implementasi seharusnya dilindungi oleh negara mengingat konstitusi sendiri telah menjamin kepastian, kesetaraan, dan perlindungan hukum kepada semua warga negara Indonesia tanpa mengecualikan mereka. Negara sebagai fasilitator dalam ranah privat harus bertanggung jawab untuk melindungi PRT perempuan dan anak dengan melakukan melalui perumusan regulasi yang komprehensif disertai institusi yang menyelenggarakannya sehingga mampu membentuk sosio-kultural masyarakat kearah ramah PRT. Sayangnya, undang-undang yang ada tidak mengakomodir perlindungan hukum kepada PRT perempuan dan anak. Satu-satunya harapan mereka sekarang ini ada pada peraturan Menteri, tetapi pada tataran tersebut juga masih ada polemik seperti tumpang tindih. Berdasarkan problematika tersebut, perlu rekonstruksikan hukum yang menjawab secara substansi, struktur, dan kultural. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan komparasi, dan pendekatan konseptual. Penilitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketiadaan perlindungan hukum yang memadai bagi PRT perempuan dan anak diakibatkan tidak ada pengakuan secara legal yang dapat memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi mereka. Maka dari itu, perlu digagasnya rekonstruksi perlindungan hukum terhadap PRT dengan basis Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Pembantu Rumah Tangga meniru produk hukum Filipina yaitu Batas Kasambahay serta pembentukan tim unit khusus pengawasan PRT. Kata kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, PRT, Rekonstruksi Hukum

Aims: To identify the impact of sand quarrying activities on the health, economy and environment of the Batak community whose people are dwindling in population. Further, the study aims to determine how the people demonstrate resilience in this face of economic adversity. Study Design: Using a qualitative research design and an interview as data collection method. Place and Duration of Study: Batak community in Sitio Mangapin in Barangay Langogan, Northern Puerto Princesa, January to June of 2019. Methodology: We invited 20 adult Batak who were engaged in small scale quarrying at the time of the study. The purpose of the study was explained to them and they were invited to participate in interviews. Only nine males and eight females signed the informed consent. Seventeen members of the community became the respondents in the study. The informants’ age ranges from 25 to 52 years old, all are married and have children and all were participants in small scale quarrying being done in the community. Casual interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used to collect data from the informants. Interviews were done individually and were recorded with permission of the informants. Results: Data showed that families participated in the quarrying because of poverty but the engagement in hard labor impacts the health especially of the male workers in which 25 percent (of those interviewed) have acquired tuberculosis and persistent cough. About 50 percent of the women have acquired persistent back pain and loss weight. Observations yielded data on violations of the environment since the sand were taken not directly from the river but from the riverbank. Activities were found to be done on a large scale with trucks hauling from the river. While the Batak who were engaged in small scale mining, they were away the riverbanks in the process, creating large holes on the side which could potentially result in flash floods during rainy days. Conclusion: the Batak are aware that the small economic benefits they acquire from participation in the quarrying do not outweigh the potential environment and health risks the community is exposed to in their engagement to this kind of work. Despite the awareness of the hazards posed by sand mining on their health and environment, the need to survive hunger and illness during the lean months and lack of government support had prompted the people to engage in small scale quarrying which could potentially worsen the damage being created by large scale sand mining already taking place in the river. Participation in small scale mining has become an adaptation strategy employed by the Batak workers to cope with economic difficulties.