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Journal articles on the topic 'Batch adsorption experiment'
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1
Bolan, NS, JK Syers, and RW Tillman. "Effect of pH on the adsorption of phosphate and potassium in batch and in column experiments." Soil Research 26, no. 1 (1988): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880165.
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The effect of increasing pH, through incubation with Ca(OH)2 and NaOH, on the adsorption of phosphate (P) and potassium (K) was examined in batch and in column experiments. In column experiments, an increase in pH from 5.2 to 8.2 decreased the adsorption of P and increased that of K which resulted in an increased leaching of P and a decreased leaching of K. In a batch experiment, however, an increase in pH resulting from incubation with NaOH gave similar results to those of the column experiment, whereas an increase in pH due to Ca(OH)2 addition caused the opposite effect on the adsorption of both P and K. The difference between the batch and the column experiments in the effect of incubating soil with Ca(OH)2 on the adsorption of P and K is related to the concentration of Ca in the soil solution.
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Šváb, Marek, Kateřina Sukdolová, and Martina Švábová. "Competitive adsorption of toxic metals on activated carbon." Open Chemistry 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0021-y.
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AbstractCompetitive adsorption of zinc and copper on activated carbon is studied in this article. Main aim was to suggest an advanced model for competitive adsorption of both metals considering pH influence and precipitation. A surface-complexation approach was employed for the modeling. Two models were considered: simple adsorption and ion exchange. System “The Geochemists Workbench” was used for calculation of both static and dynamic adsorption tasks. From the batch experiments, concentration of four types of sorbing sites on the carbon surface and its protonation and sorption constants were deduced. Then, batch competitive adsorption experiments were compared with the models’ results. Finally, a column experiment (fixed bed adsorption) was carried out. It was observed that the model of ion exchange can satisfyingly predict both chromatographic effect and increase of zinc concentration in effluent over its initial value, although a quantitative agreement between the model and the experiment was not totally precise.
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Moh, H. T., Ivy A. W. Tan, and Leonard L. P. Lim. "Removal of Atrazine from Water Using Oil Palm Shell Based Adsorbents: Equilibrium and Kinetic Study." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.114.2013.
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Adsorption using granular activated carbon (GAC) in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) has been proven in inhibiting the further spread of contaminant plumes in groundwater. GAC synthesized from oil palm shell was chosen for groundwater remediation in this study due to the low operation cost using the adsorption process. In this study, GAC synthesized from oil palm shells were used as adsorbent to adsorb atrazine from water. This study involved a series of batch experiment to determine the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of adsorbent. The batch experiment was conducted by shaking conical flasks containing 0.6 g GAC in 300 mL solution with initial atrazine concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L at 180 rpm at 30 ± 2 °C. The GAC showed more than 95 % of atrazine removal in all the batch experiments. The adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption of atrazine is of physisorption as the experimental data is fitted better to the pseudo-first-order model than the pseudo- second-ordermodel.Intheadsorptionisothermstudy,theadsorptionofatrazineontoGACwasbetterdescribedbytheFreundlich model which indicated multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent. The atrazine adsorption capacity of the GAC was 15.132 mg/g, which was higher than that using the activated carbon synthesized from waste charcoal (13.947 mg/g). ThisstudyshowsthatthereisapotentialforGACtobeusedforremediatinggroundwatercontaminatedbypesticides.
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Fox, P., and M. T. Suidan. "A Fed-Batch Technique to Evaluate Biodegradation Rates of Inhibitory Compounds with Anaerobic Biofilms Attached to Granular Activated Carbon." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0586.
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Adsorption kinetics render measurements of substrate utilization rates in biofilms attached to adsorbing materials difficult. A fed-batch technique which maintains a constant concentration of substrate in the presence of biomass attached to granular activated carbon (GAC) was developed to measure biological kinetics independent of adsorption kinetics. The fed-batch technique used pre-adsorbed substrate on GAC as a source of substrate. During the experiment, the mass of substrate that is biodegraded is negligible when compared to the large mass of adsorbed substrate. Near equilibrium adsorption phenomena maintains the concentration of substrate constant throughout the experiment and eliminates mass transport resistance within the biofilms. Substrate utilization rates were measured at a specific substrate concentration by monitoring methane gas production rates. Samples of GAC with attached biomass were removed from two expanded-bed anaerobic reactors. GAC samples from a 3-ethylphenol (3-ep) fed reactor were used in batch experiments with 3-ep as the substrate and GAC samples from an orthochlorophenol (OCP) fed reactor were used in batch experiments with OCP as the substrate. Data were observed to fit Haldane kinetics and predictions from the Haldane kinetic parameters were in agreement with transient behavior from the 3-ep fed reactor. This technique was useful in predicting threshold inhibitory levels for continuous treatment of inhibitory wastewaters in expanded-bed GAC reactors. The fed-batch technique light also be applied to measure substrate utilization rates of biomass attached to other adsorbable materials such as soils.
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Biswas, Swarup, and Umesh Mishra. "Effective Remediation of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Chemically Carbonized Rubber Wood Sawdust: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Study." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/842707.
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Rubber wood sawdust was carbonized into charcoal by chemical treatment which was used for removal of lead ion from aqueous solution. The work involves batch experiments to investigate the pH effect, initial concentration of adsorbate, contact time, and adsorbent dose. Experimental data confirmed that the adsorption capacities increased with increasing inlet concentration and bed height and decreased with increasing flow rate. Adsorption results showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 37 mg/g at 308 K. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin model adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze the process where Temkin was found as a best fitted model for present study. Simultaneously kinetics of adsorption like pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were investigated. Thermodynamic parameters were used to analyze the adsorption experiment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the batch adsorption of lead ion onto chemically carbonized rubber wood sawdust.
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Chen, Jian Hua. "Preparation and Investigation on the Adsorption Behavior of Polyethylene Glycol Modified Sodium Alginate Porous Membrane Adsorbent for Cr(III) Ions." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.786.
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- In this study, sodium alginate based porous membrane adsorbents (GA/SA) were prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as porogen and glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent. The prepared GA/SA were used to remove Cr (III) ions from wastewater to test its adsorption performance. The proposed technique is very convenient for operation. The batch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption kinetics of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution under different conditions, such as the amount of PEG in the GA/SA, pH of solution, initial Cr (III) ions concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. The GA/SA exhibited the maximum uptake capacity of 57.4 mg/g under the optimal condition. The experiment results show that the adsorption is high pH-dependent. Various kinetic models were applied to examine the mechanism of adsorption processes. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibits the best correlation with experimental data. The kinetic experiment results show that the adsorption of Cr (III) ions is a multistep limited adsorption process. Out of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations, the batch equilibrium data are better described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The prepared GA/SA could be considered as a potential low-cost and high-effective bio-sorbent for removing and recovering Cr (III) ions from the aqueous solutions.
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Du, Jifu, Zhen Dong, Zhiyuan Lin, Xin Yang, and Long Zhao. "Radiation Synthesis of Pentaethylene Hexamine Functionalized Cotton Linter for Effective Removal of Phosphate: Batch and Dynamic Flow Mode Studies." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203393.
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A quaternized cotton linter fiber (QCLF) based adsorbent for removal of phosphate was prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate onto cotton linter and subsequent ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups and further quaternization. The adsorption behavior of the QCLF for phosphate was evaluated in a batch and column experiment. The batch experiment demonstrated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with an R2 value of 0.9967, and the Langmuir model with R2 value of 0.9952. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity reached 152.44 mg/g. The experimental data of the fixed-bed column were well fitted with the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models, and the adsorption capacity of phosphate at 100 mg/L and flow rate 1 mL/min reached 141.58 mg/g. The saturated QCLF could be regenerated by eluting with 1 M HCl.
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Al-Rufaie, M. M., Z. T. A. Alsultani, and A. S. Waheed. "Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Azure C dye from aqueous solution onto activated charcoal." Koroze a ochrana materialu 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2016-0013.
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Abstract Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Azure C and from the aqueous solution on activated charcoal was examined. The charcoal was activated by concentrated sulphuric acid and the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic was tested in batch experiment. An experiments used the adsorption batch method to observe the effect of the variable parameters, i.e. concentration of dye, time of contact, pH, temperature and adsorbent dose. The ideal dosage of adsorbent was 0.3 g for Azure C. The equilibrium state was reached within 60 min for dye Azure C at activated charcoal. The isotherms of equilibrium were investigated to characterize the adsorption operation. The data for the kinetics study were adjusted utilizing the equation of pseudo- second-order and the model of diffusion (intra-particle). All data were evaluated by means of equilibrium Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm on activated charcoal surface. Based on the adsorption isotherm evaluation on activated charcoal the result was 4S by using Giles classification. The thermodynamic factors like ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were estimated.
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Rho, Hoon Suk, Alexander Thomas Hanke, Marcel Ottens, and Han Gardeniers. "A microfluidic device for the batch adsorption of a protein on adsorbent particles." Analyst 142, no. 19 (2017): 3656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an00917h.
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A microfluidic platform or “microfluidic batch adsorption device” is presented, which performs two sets of 9 parallel protein incubations with/without adsorbent particles to achieve an adsorption isotherm of a protein in a single experiment.
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Wang, Jing Song, Si Guang Chen, Zhi Wu Zhou, and Rui Ting Peng. "Adsorption of Arsenic (III) onto Modified Magnetic Microspheres." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.42.
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Modified magnetic microspheres were prepared and used to adsorb As ( ) from aqueous solution. The experiments were conducted in a batch system to study the adsorption behavior of As( ) onto these microspheres and the adsorption equilibrium, adsorption isotherm and kinetics were also studied. The experiment results showed that the modified magnetic microspheres are effective to remove As ( ) from aqueous solution, and the percentage removal of As ( ) could reach over 90% at pH 2.0 within 90 min. The pseudo second-order model was found to fit accurately with the experimental data. The adsorption isotherm can be described by Langmuir model.
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Wang, Huannan, Dandan Yan, Huan Zeng, and Jiajie He. "Using corncob-based biochar to intercept BTEX in stormwater filtration systems." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 9 (September 23, 2020): 1858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.463.
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Abstract A biochar material made from corncobs was tested for its capability in BTEX adsorption/interception in stormwater filtration systems. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption thermodynamics of BTEX onto this biochar. The feasibility of applying this biochar in stormwater filtration was studied by dynamic transport experiments and model simulations. The result showed that this biochar can adsorb BTEX and the adsorption is a thermodynamically spontaneous, and endothermic process. The BTEX adsorption kinetic experiment and adsorption retarded BTEX transport experiment indicated that the BTEX adsorption kinetics can be changed by the driving force between the BTEX concentrations and the active adsorption site as well as the contact time between BTEX and the biochar. In terms of applying this biochar in stormwater filtration, the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis indicated that the BTEX interception is sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity of the biochar filter and the adsorption kinetics of the biochar material. Although this corncob-made biochar demonstrated effective pollutant adsorption capability, the biochar adsorption capability should be utilized to retain the pollutant long enough for biodegradation to take effect for ultimate pollutant attenuation.
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Biswas, Swarup, and Umesh Mishra. "Calcium PretreatedHevea brasiliensisSawdust for Copper Removal: Batch and Column Study." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/495257.
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Calcium pretreatedHevea brasiliensissawdust has been used as an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of copper ion from the contaminated water. Batch experiment was conducted to check the effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The results conclude that adsorption capacity of adsorbent was influenced by operating parameters. Maximum adsorption capacity found from the batch adsorption process was 37.74 mg/g at pH of 5.6. Various isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were used to compare the theoretical and experimental data, whereas the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to study the kinetics of the batch adsorption process. Dynamic studies were also conducted in packed-bed column using different bed depths and the maximum adsorption capacity of 34.29 was achieved. Characterizations of the adsorbent were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
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Islam, M. A., M. S. I. Mozumder, and M. M. R. Khan. "Design Cum Performance Equation for a Reactor Type Adsorption Unit." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (August 29, 2009): 450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2592.
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The conventional method for designing a fixed bed adsorption unit has been discussed. The method is based on the data obtained from an adsorption column test. The characterization of an adsorption system, however, is performed in a laboratory batch experiment. It is shown that the conventional method does not make proper use of the physico-chemical parameters of an adsorption system determined by batch test. Also the method fails to predict the performance of an adsorption unit, if the operating condition differs from that under which the column test has been conducted for design purposes. New design equation has been proposed for both ‘Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)’ and ‘Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)’ type adsorption units. The equation predicts the performance of a reactor type adsorption unit under varying operating conditions. The proposed method is based only on the data obtained in batch experiment.Keywords: Adsorption; Unit design; Reactor; Optimal Operation, Dosage; Coefficient of utilization.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2592 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 450-460 (2009)
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Soto-Rios, Paula Cecilia, Kazunori Nakano, Marco Leon-Romero, Yoshio Aikawa, Shigeyuki Arai, and Osamu Nishimura. "Differences in the removal mechanisms of Undaria pinnatifida and Phragmites australis as biomaterials for lead removal." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (June 29, 2015): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.334.
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This study offers the opportunity to utilize Undaria pinnatifida and Phragmites australis to remove lead from water in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Its efficacy was tested using batch experiments and PRB column systems. From the batch experiment results, a higher adsorption capacity was observed for Undaria pinnatifida. Nevertheless, Phragmites australis in the column system efficiently removed lead and the breakthrough occurred at the same time for both biomaterials. To dissipate this difference, a sequential extraction for metal speciation analysis was used for both columns. The results have shown that each biomaterial has a dominant mechanism. Phragmites australis removed lead by physical adsorption, whereas Undaria pinnatifida showed a higher tendency to bind lead due to organic matter, primary and secondary minerals.
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Zulfikar, Muhammad Ali, D. Maulina, Henry Setiyanto, and Muhamad Nasir. "Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solution onto PAA Nanofiber: Thermodynamic Study." Key Engineering Materials 811 (July 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.811.99.
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The potential of polyacrylic acid (PAA) nanofiber prepared by the electrospinning technique for the humic acid (HA) adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated. In this study, the adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of temperatures in a batch system. From experiment it can be seen that the HA adsorption using PAA nanofiber increased with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters data indicated that the HA adsorption process was non-spontaneous and endothermic under the experimental conditions, with the Gibbs free energy (∆Go) in the range of 1.721-0.980 kJ mol-1, enthalpy (∆Ho) and entropy (∆So) of 7.24 kJ mol-1 and 18.52 J mol-1 K-1, respectively.
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Shang, Yu, Jing Hua Zhang, Yi Ke Li, and Run Ping Han. "Adsorption of Neutral Red by Pyrolytic Char from Pine Sawdust." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.195.
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Pyrolytic-char, a by-product from the slow pyrolysis of pine sawdust, was characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD, etc. Then it was used as an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye, neutral red (NR) from solution in batch mode. Adsorption studies were performed at different pH, salt concentration, contact time and dye concentration in the batch mode. Solution pH 6 is favor of adsorption and it is disadvantage of adsorption with common salt existed. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data and Freundlich was better. The adsorption quantity from experiment was up to 272 mg g1at 293 K. PR can effectively adsorb cationic dye from solution.
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Hanzlík, P., J. Jehlička, Z. Weishauptová, and O. Šebek. "Adsorption of copper, cadmium and silver from aqueous solutions onto natural carbonaceous materials." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 6 (December 10, 2011): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4030-pse.
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Twelve carbonaceous materials were investigated for adsorption of Cd, Cu and Ag from water solutions. Before the adsorption experiments the chemical and structural characterization of all materials were made. The batch adsorption experiment was used. The kinetic of the adsorption process was very fast for the first five hours but very slow for approximately the next 65 hours. Nevertheless the maximum amount of metal removed was achieved during the first stage of about five hours. Biological materials (milled wood, bark, cork) exhibited a very low affinity for adsorption of metals. The best results were obtained for materials in an intermediate degree of carbonisation with a high content of oxygen rich functional groups. Although the highly carbonised materials exhibited low ability to adsorb copper or cadmium, their capacity to bind silver was very high.
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Fetene, Yohannis, and Taffere Addis. "Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate From Wastewater Using Ethiopian Rift Pumice: Batch Experiment." Air, Soil and Water Research 13 (January 2020): 117862212096965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120969658.
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Phosphorous from municipal and industrial wastewater is the main cause of eutrophication of rivers and lakes, because effluent quality from conventional secondary wastewater treatment plants does not meet the discharge standard that demands further treatment. Therefore, we investigated pumice as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the tertiary treatment of phosphate from municipal wastewater. The phosphate adsorption process reached equilibrium after 60 minutes contact time and achieved a removal efficiency of 94.4% ± 0.7% for an adsorbent dose of 10 g/L in 3 mg/L phosphate solution. The highest phosphate removal was recorded at pH 7. The experimental data best fitted with the Redlich-Peterson isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The coexisting anions decreased phosphate adsorption in the order of mixture >SO42– > HCO3− > NO3− > Cl− > CO3−. Pumice removed 95% ± 0.2% of phosphate from effluents of the secondary treatment unit of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Furthermore, effective regeneration of saturated pumice was possible with a 0.2 M NaOH solution. Therefore, pumice could be a technically workable low-cost reusable adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater as a tertiary treatment to curb eutrophication of surface waters. However, further column adsorption study is recommended for a continuous flow system to optimize process design variables and scale up for field applications.
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Kulkarni, Kavita, Anand Kulkarni, and Poonam Bodare. "Removal of Rhodamine-B dye from Aqueous Solution using Biofertilizer containing Trichoderma viride as Low Cost Adsorbent." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 2291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22160.
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Trichoderma viride mixed with biofertilizer as low cost adsorbent was evaluated for the adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution. To study the effect of contact period, pH, agitation time, temperature, adsorbent amount and initial dye concentration batch adsorption experiment was performed. Kinetic study and adsorption isotherms were used to estimate experimental data and it was found that Freundlich isotherm model and kinetics of pseudo-second-order best fitted to the experimental data. The experimental results and separation factor RL concluded that Trichoderma viride present in biofertilizer can be used as an alternative to costly adsorbents for the removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution.
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Xiao, Lurui, Daojing Wang, Wenjing Sang, Mengyuan Ji, Lei Zhou, Shihong Xu, and Yalei Zhang. "Transport and Retention of Cadmium in Biochar-Amended Sand Porous Media." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 5 (2020): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13759.
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HighlightsBatch experiment indicated that sorption of Cd on biochar was highly pH-dependant.The main mechanism of Cd-biochar sorption were surface precipitation and ion exchange.Biochar affected the transportation of the attached Cd.At the same ionic strength, the transportation is faster in the presence of Ca2+ than Na+.Abstract. Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants and animals, leaching of Cd through soil profiles can affect its accumulation and pollute the ground-water. In this study, we performed batch and column experiments to study the effect of biochar on the retention and transport of Cd in saturated porous media under different solution chemistry. Specific factors were considered including pH, ionic strength, and biochar dosages. The results of batch experiment indicated that sorption of Cd on biochar was highly pH-dependant, but ionic strength had negligible effect on the adsorption of Cd to biochar. The mechanism of the adsorption process of biochar for Cd mainly involves surface precipitation and ion exchange. In the column experiment, the increase in pH and biochar dosages made the Cd more stable, whereas the increase in ionic strength improved the migration of Cd. The increased retention time of Cd was related to the greater retarded coefficient value (R) based on two-site kinetic retention model. The decrease of partitioning coefficient (ß) and fraction of instantaneous sorption sites (f) were in favor of the continuous and dynamic adsorption under column conditions. This study will provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the rational assessment of cadmium-related risks in biochar-modified environments. Keywords: Adsorption, Biochar, Cadmium, Porous media, Transport.
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Zhu, Zhi Ping, Ke Long Huang, and Yi Zhou. "Study on Removal of Humic Acid by Polyurethane Foam/ Activated Carbon Composites in Boiler Feedwater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.452.
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A new type and high efficiency adsorbent was prepared with powder activated carbon and polyurethane vesicant and surfactant, which being used to adsorb humic acid (HA) in boiler feedwater. The batch adsorption experiments were carrid at different pH value, different adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration to investigate HA removal rate and adsorption capacity by as-produced adsorbent. Their adsorption kinetics experiments data was fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model, its quation was 1/qt=0.094+5.51/t, and equilibrium adsorption capacity obtained from fitting curve was 10.6mg/g, consistent with the experimental results(11.5mg/g).The adsorption isotherm test was carried at 25°C-50°C, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 10.9mg/g by Langmuir model, which being similar with experiment results, the free energy (ΔG), enthalpy(ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were obtanined with Clapeyron-Clausius and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation in the adsorption isotherm, which all were negative, indicated that HA adsorbed by as-produced adsorbent was an exothermic process of entropy reduction.
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Sananmuang, Ratana, Wipharat Chuachuad Chaiyasith, and Kanokwan Wongjan. "Adsorption of Reactive Dyes Red 195, Blue 222, and Yellow 145 in Solution with Polyaniline-Chitosan Membrane Using Batch Reactor." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.713.
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The objective of this work was to investigate the characteristics of polyaniline-chitosan membrane by SEM, FTIR, tensile strength and percentage elongation and to determine the adsorption behavior of reactive dyes (Yellow 145, Red 195, Blue 222) onto the polyaniline-chitosan membrane. The removal of reactive dyes was investigated in a batch experiment. Parameters influencing the adsorption including pH (2-10), contact time (0-150 min), equilibrium study (30 min to 16 h) and initial concentration (10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg×L-1) were studied at room temperature. The dye concentrations were determined by a UV/VIS Spectrophotometer at the wavelengths 423, 540 and 620 nm for Yellow 145, Red 195 and Blue 222, respectively. The results indicated that the tensile strength and percentage elongation of polyaniline-chitosan membrane were 0.032 kN/mm2 and 15.53%, respectively. It was found that optimum pH for adsorption of all dyes on polyaniline-chitosan membrane was pH 2. When the adsorption time increased, the adsorption efficiency increased accordingly. The adsorption equilibrium was found to be reached at 3 h in all adsorptions. Moreover, the isotherm study showed that the polyaniline-chitosan membrane adsorption corresponded to Freundlich model. Moreover, it was also found that polyaniline-chitosan membrane exhibits higher adsorption efficiency for reactive dyes than chitosan.
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Begum, Hosne Ara, and Md Humayun Kabir. "Removal of Brilliant Red from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Fish Scales." Dhaka University Journal of Science 61, no. 1 (May 27, 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i1.15089.
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Removal of brilliant red (C. I. Reactive Red 2) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on fish scales of Labeo rohita was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out under different experimental conditions such as contact time, initial concentration of dye solutions, temperature and pH of the solution. The optimum pH for the adsorption experiment was found to be 7.2. The equilibrium time for the adsorption of brilliant red (BR) on fish scales was estimated and found to be three hours. The amount of brilliant red adsorbed on fish scale surface decreased with increasing pH and temperature of the solution. The negative value of differential heat of adsorption suggests that the adsorption process is exothermic. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to fit the experimental data better than that of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(1): 7-12, 2013 (January) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i1.15089
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Trinh, Van Tuyen, Thi Thu Ha Pham, Huu Tap Van, Minh Viet Trinh, Phan Quang Thang, Xuan Hoa Vu, Van Quang Nguyen, and Thi Thom Dang. "Phosphorus Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption using Silver Nanoparticles: Batch Experiment." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 24, no. 4 (October 2020): 04020038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000529.
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Jaffri, Shaan Bibi, Khuram Shahzad Ahmad, Mehtabidah Ali, and Shahid Iqbal. "Sorptive Interactions of Fungicidal 2-(4'-Thiazolyl) Benzimidazole with Soils of Divergent Physicochemical Composition." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.268.
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Thiabendazole, 2-(4'-thiazolyl) Benzimidazole fungicide is rampantly used in Pakistan for controlling fungalgrowth in addition to combating various fungus driven diseases. Thiabendazole leaching and mobility patterns can beeasily predicted through investigation of Thiabendazole adsorption and desorption behavior in soils. Present work iscarried out by conducting a batch equilibration experiment for evaluation of Thiabendazole adsorption and desorption insoils from four diverse Pakistani climatological regions. Data revealed Thiabendazole had moderate to weak adsorption inselected soils with distribution co-efficient Kd(ads) ranging from 13.33 to 24.04 µg/ml in selected soils. The TBZ adsorptionin soils best fitted with Freundlich model (R2>0.87). The Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf(ads)) values ranged from4.51 to 8.90 µg/ml. Thiabendazole adsorption trends in the selected soils were positively influenced by the clay contentand soil organic matter while it was negatively influenced by soils’ pH. The Freundlich desorption coefficient (Kf(des))values spanned over a range of 1.03 to 6.43 µg/ml indicating decreased desorption from soils with creditable affinities forThiabendazole adsorption. The adsorptive interactions between Thiabendazole and selected soils were primarily physicalconfirmed through lower values of Gibbs free energy ∆G ≤ - 40kJ/mol. Thiabendazole desorption was highly hysterical inall soils with profound irreversibility. Thiabendazole possessed medium mobility patterns in selected soils. The loweradsorptive capability of Thiabendazole in selected soils points towards its lower application rates for combating long termenvironmentally perilous implications.
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Jaffri, Shaan Bibi, Khuram Shahzad Ahmad, Mehtabidah Ali, and Shahid Iqbal. "Sorptive Interactions of Fungicidal 2-(4'-Thiazolyl) Benzimidazole with Soils of Divergent Physicochemical Composition." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.268.
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Thiabendazole, 2-(4'-thiazolyl) Benzimidazole fungicide is rampantly used in Pakistan for controlling fungalgrowth in addition to combating various fungus driven diseases. Thiabendazole leaching and mobility patterns can beeasily predicted through investigation of Thiabendazole adsorption and desorption behavior in soils. Present work iscarried out by conducting a batch equilibration experiment for evaluation of Thiabendazole adsorption and desorption insoils from four diverse Pakistani climatological regions. Data revealed Thiabendazole had moderate to weak adsorption inselected soils with distribution co-efficient Kd(ads) ranging from 13.33 to 24.04 µg/ml in selected soils. The TBZ adsorptionin soils best fitted with Freundlich model (R2>0.87). The Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf(ads)) values ranged from4.51 to 8.90 µg/ml. Thiabendazole adsorption trends in the selected soils were positively influenced by the clay contentand soil organic matter while it was negatively influenced by soils’ pH. The Freundlich desorption coefficient (Kf(des))values spanned over a range of 1.03 to 6.43 µg/ml indicating decreased desorption from soils with creditable affinities forThiabendazole adsorption. The adsorptive interactions between Thiabendazole and selected soils were primarily physicalconfirmed through lower values of Gibbs free energy ∆G ≤ - 40kJ/mol. Thiabendazole desorption was highly hysterical inall soils with profound irreversibility. Thiabendazole possessed medium mobility patterns in selected soils. The loweradsorptive capability of Thiabendazole in selected soils points towards its lower application rates for combating long termenvironmentally perilous implications.
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Kawai, Takahiro, Atsushi Ichiki, and Yasunori Sawada. "Adsorption experiment of toxic micro-pollutants derived from automobiles using red soil." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 11 (August 18, 2015): 2082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.431.
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In some countries, non-point source pollution derived from a city's economic activities tends to be a barrier to the improvement of water quality. Roadway runoff is known to contain toxic micro-pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Conversely, red soil is known to adsorb some organic matter. In this study, artificial roadway runoff water containing toxic micro-pollutants was made using roadway dust collected from a highway, and used for both batch-type tests and soil column tests with red soil in order to understand adsorption ability of the red soil on such toxic micro-pollutants, especially PAHs. In the batch-type tests, PAHs could be removed by approximately 40% when the contact time was 90 minutes. In the soil column tests, PAHs were removed by more than 80% while suspended solids were removed by more than 90%. Notably, PAHs with a high molecular weight were removed more readily in the tests than PAHs with a low molecular weight.
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Koolivand, Habib, and Afsaneh Shahbazi. "Statistical Optimization and Modeling of Methylene Blue Adsorption Onto Graphene Oxide in Batch and Fixed-Bed Column." Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 5, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ajehe.2018.04.
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The batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of methylene blue (MB), a widely used toxic dye, onto graphene oxide (GO) was investigated in this study. GO was synthesized using modified Hummers method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of MB. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out by central composite design (CCD) with three input parameters including initial MB concentration (C0: 50-350 mg/L), GO dosage (D: 0.05-0.7 g/L), and pH (pH: 3-9). The adsorption capacity of GO for MB removal in the optimum level of factors (C0: 50 mg/L, D: 0.05 g/L, and pH: 8.5) was predicted by the model to be 700 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The kinetic experimental data was well fitted with pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2=1). The adsorption of MB onto GO demonstrated that Langmuir model (R2=0.999) could better fit the adsorption data than the Freundlich model (R2=0.914). Thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) were also investigated. Positive value of ΔH and negative value of ΔG indicated the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The positive value of ΔS also showed increased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption of MB onto GO. The real wastewater experiment at optimum conditions showed high performance of adsorbent in the presence of other ions. Fixed-bed column experiments were designed using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the single and combined effects of influent concentration (Cinf: 50-200 mg/L), flow rate (Q: 0.25-0.8 mL/min), and bed height (BH: 3-7 cm). MB removal from GO in the optimum levels of factors (Cinf: 51 mg/L, BH: 5.7 cm, and Q: 0.25 mL/min) was predicted by the model to be 86% (qe=459.3 mg/g). Fixed-bed experimental data were also fitted well to the Thomas and BDST models. The results showed that GO can be used as an efficient adsorbent for batch and fixed-bed adsorption of cationic dyes from synthetic and real wastewater.
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Rafique, Uzaira, Saima Nasreen, Fatima Tufail, and Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf. "Remediation of deltamethrin contaminated cotton fields: residual and adsorption assessment." Open Life Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2016-0055.
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AbstractPakistan occupies a significant global position in the growing of high quality cotton. The extensive application of pesticides on agricultural products leads to environmental risk due to toxic residues in air, water and soil. This study examined the chemodynamic effect of Deltamethrin on cotton fields. Samples were collected from the cotton fields of D.G. Khan, Pakistan and analyzed for heavy metal speciation patterns. Batch experiments were administered in order to study the adsorption of Deltamethrin in cotton fields. The effect of different factors including pH, adsorbate dose, and adsorbent mass on adsorption were studied. It was observed that in general, adsorption increased with increases in the mass of adsorbate, although the trends were irregular. Residual fractions of deltamethrin in the soil and water of cotton fields were analyzed to assess concentrations of xenobiotics bound to soil particles. Results indicated that such residues are significantly higher in soil samples due to high Koc in comparison to water, indicating the former is an efficient degradation agent. Results from the batch experiment resulted in 95% removal with alkaline pH and an adsorbent-adsorbate ratio of 250:1. These results may be used to environment friendly resource management policies.
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Wang, Xiaobo, Yanhui Hu, Jianhua Min, Sijie Li, Xiangyi Deng, Songdong Yuan, and Xiaohua Zuo. "Adsorption Characteristics of Phenolic Compounds on Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Batch Experiment Combined Theory Calculation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101950.
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A series of phenolic compounds containing 2-phenylphenol (PPE), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-isopropylphenol (IPE), 4-methylphenol (ME) and phenol (PE) were selected to investigate their major influence factors for their adsorption on graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by studying their adsorption isotherms and kinetics. It was found that the adsorption of all tested phenols fitted well with the Freundlich model. In comparison, the adsorption ability of RGO with a stronger π-π interaction was superior to GO, which was confirmed by using naphthalene probe measurements. The thermodynamic characteristics, by studying the effect of the adsorption temperatures (298, 313 and 333 K), demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-decreasing. The chemical structures of the phenols also affected their adsorption on GO and RGO. It was found that the adsorption capacities of phenols were, in order, PE (0.271 mmol g−1 on GO and 0.483 mmol g−1 on RGO) < ME (0.356 and 0.841 mmol g−1) < IPE (0.454 and 1.117 mmol g−1) < BPA (0.4 and 1.56 mmol g−1) < PPE (0.7 and 2.054 mmol g−1), which depended on the π-electron density of the benzene ring by means of a density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Undoubtedly, the reduction of GO and an increase in π-electron density on the chemical structures of phenols facilitated the adsorption.
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Jang, Ha Rin, Han Gyeol Jeon, and Deok Hyun Moon. "Sorption of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from a Contaminated Aqueous Solution Using Starfish (Asterina pectinifera) Derived Biochar." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.4.274.
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Objectives : Heavy metal contamination and accumulation have a harmful effect on the health of humans and animals and are serious problems worldwide. Currently, various technologies have been used for the treatment of contaminated wastewater, of which adsorption is the most commonly known and economically feasible technology. Many researchers are making attempts to find an effective and easily available adsorbent in terms of cost. In this study, starfish (<i>Asterina pectinifera</i>, SF) derived biochar was prepared and its characteristics were evaluated through various device analyses. After the biochar evaluation, the adsorption capacity was evaluated by conducting batch experiments.Methods : Biochar (Pyrolyzed Starfish at 500℃, PSF500) was produced by pyrolysis at 500℃ for 2 h in anaerobic conditions. Moreover, the characteristics of the surface were evaluated through SEM, TGA, XRD, elemental analysis and FT-IR analysis. In addition, batch experiments using heavy metal contaminated wastewater were conducted.Result and Discussion : In PSF500, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 were identified as the main phases by XRD analyses and various functional groups and pores that affect adsorption were observed on the surface of the sample. The batch experiment confirmed that the maximum adsorption was 153.8, 270.3, 434.8, and 147.1 mg/g for Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, respectively. Also, it was confirmed that all heavy metals fit the similar Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, which are the most suitable models for analyses of inorganic pollutants. After the sorption experiment, XRD and SEM analyses were conducted using the residue of PSF500, and in each sample CuO, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2, Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3 were confirmed to be deposited on the surface of the sample.Conclusions : It was confirmed that PSF500 follows the complex mechanism of adsorption and precipitation with respect to heavy metals. Based on the experimental results, PSF500 could be used as an eco-friendly sorbent with CaCO3 as its main ingredient.
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Nguyen, Huy Van, and Morihiro Maeda. "Removal of phosphorus from water by using volcanic ash soil (VAS): batch and column experiments." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 6 (June 24, 2016): 1326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.297.
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Using low-cost and naturally available materials is considered an optimal adsorbent for removing phosphorus (P) from water due to its simplicity and economic efficiency. This study examined the removal of P from water using volcanic ash soil (VAS) by batch and column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of P was 2.94 mg g−1, estimated from the batch experiment according to a Langmuir isotherm. The column study showed a higher adsorption capacity of 5.57 mg g−1. The breakthrough curve showed that influent water containing 2 mg L−1 P was completely purified by VAS within 1,230 pore volumes (PV). The breakthrough and saturation points of the curves were 3,100 PV and 14,875 PV, respectively. After an adsorption column was loaded with 20,508 PV, a regeneration procedure was developed to determine whether an ion exchange of P with chloride occurred or adsorbed P in the columns could be eluted. Approximately 20% of P was recovered from columns by desorption tests, regardless of NaCl solution or deionized water. Specific surface area and mineral concentrations are both important characteristics that improve the adsorption capacity of VAS. The present study suggests that VAS is a promising adsorbent to remove P in water.
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Khownpurk, Pichnipa, Wichitra Wongpromrat, and Walairat Chandra-Ambhorn. "Arsenic Adsorption Using the Adsorbent Synthesised from Oyster Shell." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.327.
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Ground oyster shells were calcined and used as an adsorbent to remove As (III) from contaminated water. Adsorption experiment was performed by batch tests. The effect of pH on the adsorption performance was investigated. The result showed that at the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, over the pH range of 5-11, the highest efficiency was obtained at pH 11. The experimental data better correlated with pseudo-second order model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of approximately 195.5 mg/g was obtained at pH 11.
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Liu, Xiaofeng, Xin Xu, Xiaoqiang Dong, and Junboum Park. "Adsorption characteristics of cadmium ions from aqueous solution onto pine sawdust biomass and biochar." BioResources 14, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 4270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.4270-4283.
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The adsorption capacity of cadmium ions by pine sawdust biomass and biochar was evaluated in batch experiments. Pine sawdust biochars were pyrolyzed at 500 °C and 700 °C and obtained in the absence of oxygen. The adsorption capacity of biochar was higher than the raw biomass (3.47 mg/g). Biochars produced at 700 °C showed better adsorption efficiency (6.09 mg/g) than that produced at 500 °C (4.78 mg/g). Also, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied. The adsorption behavior of cadmium by pine sawdust biomass and biochar fitted Langmuir isotherms and pseudo-second order kinetics. In addition, the desorption experiment by different solutions (neutral, acidic, and alkaline) were conducted. The desorption of cadmium ions in neutral and alkaline environments was not obvious, while the desorption in an acidic environment was. Pine sawdust biochar, pyrolyzed at 700 °C, is a potential adsorbent for cadmium removal in neutral and alkaline environments.
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Li, Tianpeng, Jing Fan, and Tingting Sun. "Acid red G dye removal from aqueous solutions by porous ceramsite produced from solid wastes: Batch and fixed-bed studies." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0068.
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AbstractA novel porous ceramsite was made of municipal sludge, coal fly ash, and river sediment by sintering process, and the performance of batch and fixed-bed column systems containing this material in the removal of acid red G (ARG) dye from aqueous solutions was assessed in this study. The results of orthogonal test showed that sintering temperature was the most important determinant in the preparation of porous ceramsite, and it possesses developed pore structure and high specific surface area. Batch experiment results indicated that the adsorption process of ARG dye toward porous ceramsite was a spontaneous exothermic reaction, which could be better described with Freundlich–Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.992) and basically followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation (R2 > 0.993). Column experiment results showed that when the porous ceramsite was used as packing material, its adsorption capacity was roughly improved by 3.5 times compared with that in batch system, and the breakthrough behavior was simulated well with Yoon–Nelson model, with R2 > 0.954. This study suggested that the novelty man-made porous ceramsite obtained from solid wastes might be processed as a certain cost-effective treatment material fit for the dye removal in aqueous solutions.
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Shao, Hong, Di Zhang, and Ying Chun Song. "Study on the Removal of Paper Absorbent to Alkaline Printing and Dyeing Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1756.
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A new type of adsorbent which prepared with waste paper as raw material was applied in the treatment of dye wastewater, and studied the processing conditions on treatment effect. Batch adsorption study carried out as a function of the dosage, the stirring time, the stirring speed and the pH. The adsorption rate of newspaper adsorbent to basic blue dye simulated wastewater and alkaline yellow wastewater with an initial concentration of 80mg·L-1 can reach 98.56% and 92.23% at 4g·L-1 of the dosage of paper adsorbent, 15min of the stirring time and 150r·min-1of the stirring speed. The maximum adsorption were 233.1g·L-1 and 289.4g·L-1 respectively. The isothermal adsorption experiment was also studied and concluded that the adsorption equilibrium data fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The characterization experiment showed that the modified paper adsorbent had stronger absorbability.
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Zhang, Xiaoran, Shimin Guo, Junfeng Liu, Ziyang Zhang, Kaihong Song, Chaohong Tan, and Haiyan Li. "A Study on the Removal of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Lime Sand Bricks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040670.
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Heavy metals such as Cu(II), if ubiquitous in the runoff, can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Lime sand bricks, as low-cost adsorbents to be potentially applied in stormwater infiltration facilities, were systematically investigated for Cu(II) removal from water using batch and column experiments. In the batch experiment, the adsorption of Cu(II) to bricks reach an equilibrium within 7 h and the kinetic data fits well with the pseudo-second-order model. The sorption isotherm can be described by both the Freundlich and Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity of the bricks is 7 ± 1 mg/g. In the column experiment, the best removal efficiency for Cu(II) was observed at a filler thickness of 20 cm, service time of 12 min with a Cu(II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The Cu(II) removal rate increases with the increasing bed depth and residence time. The inlet concentration and residence time had significant effects on the Cu(II) removal analyzed by the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The Adams-Bohart model was in good agreement with the experimental data in representing the breakthrough curve. Copper fractions in the bricks descend in the order of organic matter fraction > Fe-Mn oxides fraction > carbonates fraction > residual fraction > exchangeable fraction, indicating that the lime sand bricks after copper adsorption reduce the long-term ecotoxicity and bioavailability to the environment.
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Pimpa, W., and C. Pimpa. "Characterization of Durian Seed Starch/PVOH Composite Hydrogel as a Potential Adsorbent for Removal of Hazardous Dyes." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.286.
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The intention of this study was to prepare the environment friendly durian seed starch/polyvinyl alcohol (DSS/PVOH) composite hydrogels modified by chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and to assess the adsorption potential of the DSS/PVOH composite hydrogels for the removal of the synthetic dyes from aqueous solution. The hydrogels were characterized by swelling behavior and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of DSS content and initial dye solution pH on the adsorption capacity was studied conducting batch experiment system. The DSS/PVOH composite hydrogels consisting 3% DSS has optimum adsorption capacity of 3.411 mg/g (for methylene blue under the condition of pH 7) and 3.274 mg/g (for acid orange 8 under the condition of pH 2.5) at 24 h of contact time. The adsorptions were well fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. It was indicated that the mechanism of removal predominant is effective for low dye concentrations, below 10 mg/l.
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Abidar, Fatiha, Mohamed Morghi, M’hamed Abali, Fouad Sinan, Mohamed Chiban, Hassan Eddaoudi, and Mohamed Zebret. "Orthophosphate ion adsorption onto raw shrimp shells." Revue des sciences de l’eau 29, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038924ar.
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The aim of this work was to develop new low-cost adsorbents obtained from animal origins, available in large quantities and environmentally friendly. Raw shrimp shell (RSS), a biomaterial of animal origin, is abundant, available, renewable and non-toxic. It has physicochemical properties that can induce a significant adsorptive activity. In this study, the removal of phosphate anions (H2PO4-, HPO42-) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto raw shrimp shells was studied. The surface micro-morphology of the biomaterial was investigated using scanning electron microscope and qualitative element composition was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray and infrared spectroscopies. The efficiency of the biomaterial was investigated using a batch adsorption technique under different experiment conditions, achieved by varying parameters such as adsorbent dosage, the contact time, the initial phosphate anion concentrations, the temperature and the initial solution pH. Results show that the kinetics adsorption of phosphate ions by the biomaterial is relatively quick and the biomaterial showed a high adsorption capacity of 0.20 g∙g-1 and 0.4 g∙g-1 for HPO42- and H2PO4-, respectively. The adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms to determine the nature of the adsorption sites. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models showed good fits to the experimental adsorption data.
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Zhang, Huixin, Jie Zhang, Manli Cui, Xiu-hong Jin, Xu Han, and Youchen Wang. "Construction of adsorptive nanorods from polyoxometalates and ionic liquid and their adsorption properties for silver ion from AMD." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 4 (June 17, 2016): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.257.
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A new structure of hybrid nanorods adsorbent ([n-BBIM]9PW9O34) was synthesized by a simple molecular assembly of polyoxometalates with ionic liquids (ILs). The nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffractometer. Adsorption of silver from acid mine drainage (AMD) was studied using batch experiments. The impact of several parameters, like ion concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature was elucidated and optimization was carried out by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. Analysis of variance of the quadratic model suggested that experimental data were excellently fitted to the quadratic model. Optimum conditions for removal of Ag+ from AMD were determined to be an initial concentration 143 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 2.69 g/L, temperature 35 °C to achieve the maximum adsorption of Ag+ 99.03%, which was very close to the predicted value (100%). The adsorption was confirmed as oxidation-reduction mechanism following a complexation process, and has been verified according to results from FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. The selective experiment suggested that the nanorods adsorbent could adsorb silver ions in AMD well. Based on the adsorption/desorption study result, the adsorbent can be efficiently recovered.
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Matsui, Y., T. Sanogawa, N. Aoki, S. Mima, and T. Matsushita. "Evaluating submicron-sized activated carbon adsorption for microfiltration pretreatment." Water Supply 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.017.
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Submicron powdered activated carbon (PAC) rapidly adsorbed natural organic matter (NOM) fromwater samples: a batch test of the adsorption kinetics showed that the NOM concentration dropped substantially within 15 s and then leveled off. In a tubular flow reactor test, NOM removal after a 15 s contact time was almost the same as removal values attained at longer contact times. Laboratory-scale and bench-scale pilotplant ceramic microfiltration (MF) experiments with submicron PAC adsorption pretreatment were conducted to evaluate NOM removal and to examine the effect of the PAC on filterability. The laboratory scale MF experiment revealed that PAC adsorption pretreatment could be accomplished with a detention (2.4 s) that was much shorter than the time expected from the adsorption kinetics test. This result suggests that adsorption pretreatment for MF could be accomplished by adding the submicron PAC directly into the feed line to the membrane and that installation of a special PAC contactor before the membrane unit is unnecessary. Although micron PAC rather than submicron PAC was used unintentionally in the pilot plant experiment, these PAC showed much better NOM removal than normal PAC, and no adverse effects, such as transmembrane pressure buildup and reversible or irreversible membrane fouling, were observed.
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Ibrahim, Azreen, Lija Yusof, and Abu Zahrim Yaser. "Adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds: Isotherms and kinetic modeling studies." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4.922.
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Ammonia nitrogen (NH3 - N) is one of the common and toxic species of nitrogen and excess of it in waterway causes eutrophication, decreased in dissolved oxygen and toxic to aquatic organisms. This study aims to investigate the isotherm and kinetic modeling of adsorption of ammonia nitrogen from aqueous solution by using jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed. Batch equilibrium experiments were carried out at 60 minute of contact time with initial pH value of 7. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well with Langmuir model with correlation (R2) of 0.9809 and maximum monolayer adsorption capacitiy (Qe) of 3.94 mg/g. Meanwhile, the adsorption of NH3 - N follows pseudo second order with correlation (R2) values ranges from 0.62 to 0.96 for various concentrations. Besides, the adsorption capacity obtained from experiment also has the smallest difference with calculated adsorption capacity. This suggest that the adsorption is mainly governed by chemical process involving cations sharing or exchange between the adsorbent and NH3 - N in the solution. In conclusion, jackfruit seed can be used as adsorbent materials for ammonia nitrogen removal from aqueous solution.
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Saaremäe, Egle, Martin Liira, Morten Poolakese, and Toomas Tamm. "Removing phosphorus with Ca-Fe oxide granules – a possible wetlands filter material." Hydrology Research 45, no. 3 (August 29, 2013): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.101.
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Phosphorus (P) is one of the nutrients causing eutrophication in many of our waterways. In the present study, we investigated Sachtofer PR Ca-Fe oxide granules as a potential P sorption material (PSM) for constructed wetlands. We found the P sorption with various experiments as follows: the 24 h batch experiment with the highest initial concentration of 50 mgP L−1 yielded 0.48 mgP g−1 P removal per mass unit, the kinetic P removal batch experiment of 600 h duration yielded 1.25 mgP g−1, the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity estimated from the Langmuir equation yielded 23.78 mgP g−1, and the long term flow-through experiment with drainage ditch water yielded indicative saturated sorption of 1.4 mgP g−1. Flow-through experiments revealed that phosphate removal was rapid and the efficiency was 10–70%, depending on the retention time and age of granules. Possible weaknesses of this material for sorption filter systems were found to include the loss of mass caused by the rapid dissolution of gypsum, increased sulfate and calcium concentrations in the water, and rapidly changing hydraulic conductivity. Considering hydraulic and chemical properties, further pilot experiments are necessary to develop technical solutions for optimal use of Ca-Fe oxide granules in sorption filter systems at constructed wetlands.
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Chen, Yong-gui, Xue-min Liu, Hong-nan Lei, Wei-min Ye, and Yu-jun Cui. "Adsorption Property of Pb(II) by the Laterite-Bentonite Mixture Used as Waste Landfill Liner." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2879156.
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To assess the potential use of laterite-bentonite mixture as waste landfill liner, a range of batch tests were conducted to study the influence of contact time, solid to solution ratio, pH, ion strength, and temperature on Pb(II) adsorption. The experimental results showed that the uptake of Pb(II) by laterite-bentonite mixture increases with the increase of contact time and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 30 minutes. This process can be delineated well using a pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. Besides, with the increase of solid to solution ratio (s/w) and pH, Pb(II) will be adsorbed more by the laterite-bentonite mixture. However, the uptake of Pb(II) will decrease when ion strength rises in the solution and this is due to the competitive adsorption and cation exchange between different cations. When conducting the batch test at 298 K and 323 K, respectively, the experiment results showed significant growth when temperature increases because the adsorption process is an endothermic reaction. This influence of temperate can be described better by the Langmuir isotherm model than that by the Freundlich isotherm model. In each experiment condition, the uptake of Pb(II) increases with the increasing of bentonite content, indicating a good improvement in the effect of bentonite on laterite used as landfill liner.
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Swamy, M. Mahadeva, B. M. Nagabhushana, and Nagaraju Kottam. "Kinetics and Isotherms Studies of methylene blue Basic Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Selenicereus grandiflorus Activated Carbon." Asian Journal of Materials Chemistry 4, no. 1-2 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajmc.2019.ajmc-p71.
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The present experiment explains the effectiveness of adsorption studies of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions on activated carbon from Selenicereus grandiflorus (SG) treated with conc. sulfuric acid. The sulphuric acid-treated Selenicereus grandiflorus activated carbon (SGAC) was used as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. It suggests an ideal alternative method to adsorption of dye compared to other expensive treatment options. The adsorption studies have been conducted at different experimental parameters, i.e., pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration. The batch mode experiments were conducted by different adsorbent dose (0.03-0.150 g per 50 mL), pH of the solution (2-12), effect of time (3-18 min), initial dye concentration (10 mg/L), point of zero charge and regeneration of spent adsorbent studies. Langmuir model shows better fit to the equilibrium data (R2 = 0.966) than Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity (Qm) of SGAC increases with increasing dosage where Qm is 16.17 mg g-1.
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Palapa, Neza Rahayu, Tarmizi Taher, Risfidian Mohadi, and Aldes Lesbani. "Removal of Anionic Direct Dye Using Zn/Al, Zn/Fe and Zn/Cr Layered Double Hydroxides Toward Interlayer Distance." Science and Technology Indonesia 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2019.4.3.70-76.
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In order to minimize harmful effect of synthetic dye (direct yellow and direct violet) the capacity of Zn/Al, Zn/Cr and Zn/Fe layered double hydroxides of these contaminant was studied in this work. Batch adsorption experiment was conduct to investigate the effect of various operating parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorption temperature in order to provide optimal condition in removal synthetic dye. Based on result, the sorption of direct dye onto LDHs followed pseudo-second-order rate model. The equilibrium adsorption data for both direct dye was fitted Freundlich isotherm model
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Jawad, Ali, and Siti Kartina Abdul Karim. "Cr(VI) Ions Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Carrot Residues as an Adsorbent." Science Letters 13, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v13i2.7871.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this study were to characterize carrot residues and to determine the removal of Cr(VI) in water depending on the temperature and the dosage of carrot residues. To identify the functional group present in carrot residue, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize it. The functional group that responsible for the metal binding is hydroxyl (-OH) group. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was conducted by using batch experiment. The effect of temperature and dosage were studied in batch experiment, in which temperatures were varied from 25ºC to 55ºC and the dosages were varied from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L. Preliminary study was done to determine the time equilibrium for adsorption. The equilibrium contact time was 30 min with 12.66% removal efficiency. Meanwhile, the highest dosage for removal efficiency of metal that used was 2 mg/L with 13.09%. The optimum temperature was 25ºC with 12.66% removal efficiency. This study has indicated that the carrot residues is less likely a good adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI).
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Mutiara, Tintin, Iman Rofiki, and Muhammad Abu Dzar Al Ghifari. "Bio Adsorbent from Modified Jackfruit Wood Sawdust for Removal of Lead Ions." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.159.
Full textAbstract:
The adsorption of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution by bio adsorbent from jackfruit wood sawdust treated with phosphoric acid was studied in a batch adsorption system. Characteristics of bio adsorbent investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The functional group which involved in Pb (II) binding during adsorption process were amine N-H, amide C=O, alkyl C-H, and nitrile C≡N. The effects of phosphoric acid ratio to distilled water and soaking time on the adsorption capacity were investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) ions was carried out by bio adsorbent which modified by phosphoric acid with ratio to water 0.33. The experiment data of Pb (II) adsorption correlated well with pseudo second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient value 0.9988 and resulted adsorption capacity at equilibrium 1.4382 mg/g.
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Huang, Bin, Dan Xiong, Tingting Zhao, Huan He, and Xuejun Pan. "Adsorptive removal of PPCPs by biomorphic HAP templated from cotton." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.209.
Full textAbstract:
Biomorphic nano-hydroxyapatite (HAP) was fabricated by a co-precipitation method using cotton as bio-templates and employed in adsorptive removal of ofloxacin (OFL) and triclosan (TCS) that are two representative pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The surface area and porosity, crystal phase, functional group, morphology and micro-structure of the synthesized HAP were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron macroscopic and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of initial pH, ionic strength, initial concentration, contact time and temperature on the removal of PPCPs were studied in a batch experiment. The adsorption of OFL and TCS was rapid and almost accomplished within 50 min. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process of OFL and TCS followed the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm described the OFL adsorption process well but the adsorption of TCS fitted the Langmuir isotherm better. Thermodynamics and isotherm parameters suggested that both OFL and TCS adsorption were feasible and spontaneous. Hydrogen bond and Lewis acid–base reaction may be the dominating adsorption mechanism of OFL and TCS, respectively. Compared to other adsorbents, biomorphic HAP is environmentally friendly and has the advantages of high adsorption capacity, exhibiting potential application for PPCPs removal.
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Cai, Peng, Hong Zheng, Peng Liang, and Shu Ping Liang. "Competitive Adsorption of Fluoride and Phosphate on MgAl-Co3 Layered Double Hydroxides." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.182.
Full textAbstract:
Competitive adsorption experiment of fluoride and phosphate on MgAl-CO3 LDHs has been conducted. A series of batch experiments were performed to study the influence of various experimental parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time on the adsorption of fluoride and phosphate on MgAl-CO3 LDHs. Three kinetic models have been evaluated in order to attempt to fit the experimental data, namely the pseudo-first order, the pseudo-second order and the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model. The effects of the initial concentration and the addition order of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption by MgAl-CO3 LDHs were also investigated. The results show that the optimal pH is 4 to 5, adsorbent dosage is 2 g/L and it takes about 2 hours to attain equilibrium. It was found that the pseudo-second order most closely describes the kinetics. The initial concentration and the addition order of fluoride and phosphate influence the adsorption of fluoride to a certain extent, but they have relatively small influence to the adsorption of phosphate on MgAl-CO3 LDHs.