Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bateaux à voiles'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bateaux à voiles.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Talotte, Corinne. "Adaptation de procédures expérimentales au cas des voiliers en gîte et dérive : comparaison des résultats expérimentaux et numériques." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2102.
Full textMuttin, Frédéric. "Modélisation de membrane : application à l'analyse mécanique des voiles de bateau." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4258.
Full textDeparday, Julien. "Etudes expérimentales de l'Interaction fluide-structure sur les voiles de bateaux au portant." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0044/document.
Full textA full-scale experimental study on an instrumented sailing yacht is conducted to better assess the aero-elastic behaviour of the sails and rigging in downwind navigations. The downwind sail shape is a non-developable surface with high curvature leading to massive flow separation. In addition, spinnakers are thin and flexible sails leading to a strongly coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction. Due to the non-respect of some rules of similitude, the unsteady behaviour of downwind sails cannot be easily investigated with wind tunnel tests that would need comparison with full-scale experiments. Moreover unsteady numerical simulations modelling the aero-elastic behaviour of the sails and rigging require validations. An inboard instrumentation system has been developed on a 8 meter J/80 sailboat to simultaneously and dynamically measure the flying shape of the spinnaker, the aerodynamic loads transmitted to the rigging, the pressure distribution on the sail as well as the boat and wind data. The shape of the spinnaker while sailing is acquired by a photogrammetric system developed during this PhD. The accuracy of this new system, better than 1.5%, is used to measure the global shape and the main dynamic deformations, such as the flapping of the luff. The aerodynamic load produced by the spinnaker is assessed by the measurements of the load magnitudes and directions on the three corners of the sail (head, tack and clew), and also by the pressure distribution on the spinnaker. The global behaviour of the spinnaker is analysed according to the apparent wind angle. A new representation using Bézier triangular surfaces defines the spinnaker 3D shape. A few control points enable to represent the sail and can easily characterise the type of sail. A typical unsteady behaviour of the spinnaker is also analysed. Letting the luff of the sail flap is known by sailors as the optimal trim but has never been scientifically studied before. It is found that it is a complex three dimensional fluid-structure interaction problem where a high suction near the leading edge occurs, producing a temporary increase of the force coefficient that would not be possible otherwise
Germain, Grégory. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'intéraction entre les voiles de bateaux : optimisation des réglages." Rouen, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0004.
Full textAugier, Benoit. "Etudes expérimentales de l'interaction fluide structure sur surface souple: application aux voiles de bateaux." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730669.
Full textAugier, Benoît. "Études expérimentales de l'interaction fluide-structure sur surface souple : application aux voiles de bateaux." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816348.
Full textTerrien, Eric. "Stabiliser le vol d'un voilier à foils : le bateau comme partenaire : contribution à la compréhension des interactions Humains-Matériel-Environnement en sport dans une approche enactive." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1024.
Full textOur thesis focuses on the activity of foiling sailboat crewmembers seeking to stabilize the flight of these boats. This collective activity presupposes permanent adjustments of the teammates who share a material support sensitive to both their activity and its natural environment. We carried out three studies within the “Course of action” research program (Theureau, 2003, 2006). These studies were structured around the concepts of control and preservation of flight stability. In the first study, we questioned the emergence of a technical culture related to these concepts within a group of actors of the flying boats sailing scene. In the second study we studied the different forms of interaction between crewmembers, the boat and the environment during a foiling catamaran training session. In the third study we described and analyzed sailing situations in which collective activity was organized according to different strategies of modulation of the possibilities of action of the crewmembers and the possibilities of movement of the boat. The results of these studies reveal the “active” role of the boat, as a partner of the crewmembers to achieve coordination. In this sense, our thesis contributes to change the perspective on the relationships between athletes and shared sports equipment, especially when the latter have a relative autonomy of movement
Tréhin, Mathilde. "Pilotage automatique des bateaux volants : algorithmes dynamiques et multicritères." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIS568.
Full textOver the years, the sailboats designed for ocean races have strongly evolved. Thanks to the arrival of the hydrofoils, they became “flying machines”. However, keep these machines flying is a constant challenge. In fact, as observed in the previous America’s Cup, a team member is totally dedicated to the hydrofoil control. But skippers, in solo offshore races, can’t spend all their time adjusting the hydrofoil settings since they must focus on sail trim, refine tactical elements and so on. A solution to maintain the flight is to automate the hydrofoil control. In this study, we detail the design of a flight controller for sailboat. It consists of a stabilization loop and a control loop to manage the flight level. The main actuators for this control system are the flaps of the rudders. In fact, they significantly modify the boat’s attitude with limited efforts (easily deployed and controlled, low energy consumer). To enable a quasi-permanent use of the control system, the sailboat needs a reliable energy supply during the whole race. However, energy resources are limited on board. They have few renewable energy producers (solar panel, wind turbine, etc.), but they can meet the boat needs only under specific weather conditions. Sailboats have a limited quantity of fuel which can recharge a battery set. But, they try to gain in performance by minimizing the weight which means reducing the fuel volume. Soon, the flight’s autopilot will need to manage more actuators to control these appendages. It is going to increase energy requirements. So, taking into account this criterion in the control laws and optimize its use is becoming mandatory. Thus, we propose a new control method aware of the power consumption to manage the actuators. Finally, to test these algorithms, some tools to analyze control performance are proposed and the instrumentation of a test platform is detailed. This platform enables to confront the control laws with real navigation conditions
Huetz, Lionel. "Systematic study of the hydrodynamic behaviour of sailing yacht hulls using CFD and parametric design." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0020.
Full textUnlike most of engine powered ships, the performance of a sailing yacht cannot be predicted trough a sole hydrodynamic study. In fact, sailing yachts behaviour relies on the equilibrium between aerodynamic and hydrodynamic effects. A coupled modelling of those two elements is therefore required to characterize the yacht behaviour. A fully coupled simulation including the aerodynamic of the sails and topsides as well as the hydrodynamic of the wetted part of the hull is out of reach of current numerical tools. Velocity prediction programs remain essential. This type of program computes the equilibrium between aero and hydrodynamic forces to predict the yacht’s attitude and speed under given wind conditions. These forces are approximated using formulations, based on numerous results coming form experiments, simulations or empirical laws. The hydrodynamic models available nowadays for the design phase of the yacht are based on systematic series. Today’s hull shapes are far from the shapes used to build these series, leading to significant discrepancies between the predicted and the real performance of the yachts. After a detailed description of the existing formulations on the hydrodynamic behaviour of sailing yachts, this report presents a methodology to build new formulations. This method is based on new simulations results generated by an automated computational loop. The different tools used in the loop are described, from the generation of the hull shapes to their hydrodynamic evaluation using numerical simulation and the storage of the results in the database. A focus is made on the geometrical characterization of the hulls using hydrostatic computations. The methodology and the statistical tools used to build the formulations from the database are then described, with an emphasis on the variable selection process. Two systematic series are presented and analysed. The variables which have been selected as the most relevant to describe the physics involved are presented along with the formulations describing the forces and running attitudes of the hulls, depending on their shape and the external conditions. A benchmark of the presented formulations is finally provided. The case study of on an offshore racing monohull complying with the Volvo 70 rule is presented to evaluate the proposed methodology
Romero-Ramirez, Miguel-Angel. "Contribution à la commande de voiliers robotisés." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066048.
Full textFor a number of years, oceanographers and climatologists have been expressing the increasing need to have additional means in order to realize offshore measures. Autonomous sailboats are potential tools for helping to deploy the sensors required to carry out such tasks. In this thesis we address the problem of the determination of a navigable course for an autonomous sailboat, which is able to adapting itself to the immediate conditions of wind while guaranteeing obstacle avoidance. We propose two different approaches which can generate an admissible reference heading to drive the sailboat towards one or more desired waypoints specified by a human operator. The first technique based on cost functions is grounded on the strategy of speeds projection represented in the sailboat characteristic polar curve, a method which is widely used by human skippers. The second technique is based on the potential fields theory which has the advantage of unifying the representation of the sailing navigation constraints and the tasks to be realized. Simulation and experimental results are presented
Spalatelu-Lazar, Mirela. "Modélisation non linéaire et calcul de membranes sous pression : application à la conception et à l'optimisation de voiles de bateaux." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066665.
Full textDurand, Mathieu. "Interaction fluide-structure souple et légère : application aux voiliers." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01203748.
Full textThis thesis, about simulations of sailboat sail, was initiated by K-Epsilon, a company specia-lized in numerical computations for naval hydrodynamics, IRENav, the French naval academy laboratory and LHEEA from Ecole Centrale Nantes. In this context a finite element program was developed dedicated to computing sail membranes and sailboat structures. The program was coupled with an inviscid fluid solver. A more detailed modeling of the flow and interaction was realized by implementing a coupling with a fluid solver code which solves the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations, developed by the DSPM team from LHEEA. For the cou-pling it was necessary to look at the interface over which a transfer of variables between the fluid and structure occurs. Another key consideration was the deformation of the fluid solvers mesh. The part has been revisited and extended to reach the development of a fast, robust, and parallelized method to treat the considered deformations. For good solution convergence and stability properties an iterative, partitioned algorithm that relies on an approximation of the interface’s Jacobian evaluated by the inviscid code and integrated in the structure’s equations was used. Finally, applications employing these methodologies are presented. Comparisons were made with an instrumented sailboat. A second experiment of an oscillating cloth was developed to validate the case of interaction of a fluid with a light and flexible structure. Results were used toe validate the RANSE solver coupling. A more realistic calculation was also conducted on an unsteady sailing spinnaker with an automatic trimming algorithm, showing the potential of the present coupling
Védrenne, Jérôme. "Simulation dynamique du comportement mécanique de navires, application à la propulsion éolienne." Nantes, 2010. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=37741.
Full textWind driven ship performances have been assessed for more than thirty years by the mean of velocity prediction programs (VPP) that compute mechanical balance in a steady state. Progresses made using these tools have been significant but ship behaviour is indeed greatly unsteady, hence a dynamical approach is required to improve performance program capacities. This work examines the problem of ship dynamics and propose a method using a lagragian form of dynamic equations, non linear, in time domain and with multi body capacities. Forces on ship, and especially hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces are calculated using mathematical models based on theoretical, experimental or numerical results. These models, based on the ones used for steady state performance calculation then extended for the need of dynamic simulation, are presented. The software organisation is also shown. Results coming from the software developed during this work are compared with full scale experimental results. Firstly for an electrical passenger ship, then for a racing yacht during a tacking manoeuvre. Obtained results show the validity of the proposed method. Finally, capacities of the dynamic tool are shown though the study of a small racing yacht
Douguet, Ronan. "Optimisation de la mesure et de l'interprétation des performances dans le cadre de la course au large." Lorient, 2014. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01130476.
Full textToday, lot of parameters are analysed in real-time or in post-processing in order to optimize the boat performances. Therefore, more and more sensors and digital systems are used on sailboats. One of the most important parameter to analyze is the wind since this is the engine of sailing boats. However, the wind measurement is not accurate because it is disturbed by several phenomena. Currently, these errors are corrected by a navigation processor ; this system allows to merge data provided by multiple sensors to compute and correct the wind. Unfortunately, some corrections used by navigation processor are empirical. In this work, we propose a wind computation algorithm and a new method to establish the boat drift caused by the wind, the leeway. Initially, a model based on boat displacements is tested on simulation dataset in order to estimate the leeway. The results show the need to add a sensor to measure this drift. Then, we propose and compare several models coupled to this sensor to estimate the leeway. The results highlight the interest of these models to improve the accuracy and the reliability of the leeway measurement. In the second step, we have developed an open navigation processor to implement our wind computation algorithm. In this way, we can use any sensor and implement any algorithm ; we are no longer limited by current systems. During the final year, we tested and validated this prototype during the preparation of the C-Class catamaran for the Little America’s Cup
Le, Bars Cécile. "“Ensemble-séparés” : les carrières des navigatrices de course au large à l’épreuve du genre." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES1013.
Full textRoncin, Kostia. "SIMULATION DYNAMIQUE DE LA NAVIGATION DE DEUX VOILIERS EN INTERACTION." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453791.
Full textSaoud, Hadi. "Modélisation et commande de voiliers autonomes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066679/document.
Full textAutonomous sailboats constitute promising plateforms for oceanic measurments. This is mainly due to their manoeuvrability, their low thermal and acoustic signatures and their high energetic autonomy. Their main drawback is that the propulsion force of a sailboat depends on the wind that is not controllable and partially unpredictible. Thus, a sailboat is an under-actuated system. Its ability to follow a direction relies on its longitudinal velocity and results from the action of the wind on its sails. An un-appropriated sail trimming may slow down the sailboat and increase its heeling dangerously. On the other side and To reach a waypoint, most autonomous sailboats will trim their sails to ensure a non-null velocity while achieving a heading controller that act on the rudder to change the orientation of the sailboat. Such heading controller neglect the leeway that results from the lateral forces on the sails. Thus, the route of a sailboat is different from its heading and this should be taked into account while doing local planning. Finally, autonomous sailboats mainly use different controllers for trimming the sails and the rudder. But, depending on sailing conditions, such uncoupled controllers may have negative impact on the maneuvrability of the sailboat. This work focuses on these problems and give solutions to find a sail trimming that maximize the velocity of the sailboat while ensuring a safe cruising, to control the route of the sailboat and simplify the local path planning process and to coordinate the actions on the sails and rudder to increase the maneauvrability while cruising conditions are not adequate
Lavigne, Emilien. "AMSA, un framework dédié à la simulation des lois de contrôle pour des voiliers de compétition." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0087.
Full textRacing sailboats are complex and unstable vehicles, which require reliable and robust control. If simulation seems to be an essential tool to tune control laws, it comes with software engineering issues, like integration of heterogeneous components in the simulator, or ease of simulator’s exploitation.This work proposes a software framework dedicated to simulation of control laws for racing sailboats. The framework provides models and tools to facilitate the setup of the simulator architecture. An architectural style, based on standard communication interfaces and universal adaptors, answers to the components’ heterogeneity issue. A mechanism of scenarios is proposed to facilitate the simulations’ management. A scenario allows the parametrization of the different simulator constituents and the production of workable results thanks to events and observers.Automatic parameter sweeping is also possible to facilitate the tuning of models and control laws.Various models of environment, boats and control laws have been integrated to the framework as software components. That allows to run several simulations with various goals: validation of sailboat parametric model, replay of real situation, tuning of control laws.The simulation results validate the models used and confirm some pilot settings obtained empirically during real navigation
Perrot, Yves. "Influence de la matrice sur le comportement mécanique de matériaux composites verre/polyester utilisés en construction navale de plaisance : cas des résines polyester limitant les émissions de styrène." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS074.
Full textThe work performed in this study is concerned with the characterization of glass/polyester composites for the pleasure boat industry. In particular the properties of polyester resins limiting styrene emissions have been evaluated. Physico-chemical and mechnanical tests were first performed in order to understand the roles played by the constituants (matrix, fibres and fibre/matrix interface). Then a study of damage mechanisms, delamination and impact resistance, was carried out on composite specimens. Durability and the influence of the marine environment was also examined through two parameters, temperature and sea water aging. Finally the transfer from material to structure was illustrated through three aspects : the influence of fabrication (over-lamination), the behaviour of panels subjected to uniform pressure loading, and the design rules. The results of the study show that a multi-disciplinary approach, including investigation at different scales, is necessary to understand the specific characteristics of these composite materials
Kerhascoët, Hugo. "De la mesure du vent au pilotage automatique d'un voilier : modélisation, optimisation & application du traitement du signal prédictif." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS433.
Full textThis thesis is part of NKE Marine’s attempts to improve the quality of apparent and real wind measurementsprovided by its navigation unit. These improvements are expected to benefit both users and improve autopilot performance. The first part describes the specific context of wind measurement on a sailboat, and the inherent issues. This study identified two knotty scientific problems: on-board wind measurements recorded by the sensor (linked to its design and response model) and how the wind triangle is reconstructed. The first objective of this thesis is therefore to propose a new methodology for the design of the wind vane that can match the sensor’s profile with the boat’s characteristics and its route planning. Improvements to this aerial sensor make it possible, on the one hand, to divide the response time by two (via the optimization of the shape of the sensors) and, on the other hand, to provide a useful signal that is twelve times more sensitive (via the application of predictive signal processing techniques that take account of sensor dynamics). Next, previous work on the problem of reconstructing three-dimensional true wind is described in detail. This part begins with a presentation of the relevant standards and definitions of metrics, before examining some solutions that can take account of perturbations in apparent and true wind in the lower layer of the atmosphere. The following part examines current methods for reconstructing true wind. This analysis highlights the fact that these corrections are not applied in the correct frames. To overcome these problems, we propose a new approach to the reconstruction of the true wind, which implements the corrections described above. This manuscript ends with a presentation of the contribution to auto piloting. Specifically, it takes the form of a new concept, termed Super Mode, which can be overlaid onto classical modes of piloting. The aim is to improve safety in gusty conditions (Gust mode), and performance when surfing (Surf mode). The value of this innovation has been proven by competition victories; it has received an innovation award, and Surf mode is the subject of a patent application. The pilot is now able to glide like a human surfer. The final contribution to the autopilot concerns the integration of a new type of sensor: electronic telltales. Finally, this manuscript contributes to our overall understanding of the problems and nuances that must be taken into account when developing or using a navigation unit and an autopilot. The work highlights the close correlation between the various sensors and the data calculated by the navigation unit. Significant improvements to the accuracy of both elements can be obtained when the concept of predictive filtering is extended and appliedto the navigation unit as a whole
Valette, Julien. "Simulation du comportement mécanique d'un ensemble voiles-gréement de bateau." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2062.
Full textCharvet, Thierry. "Résolution numérique de problèmes liés au comportement des voiles de bateau." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EPXX0021.
Full textMondon, Sylvain. "Une approche par la pratique des relations entre action, organisation et décision en contexte extrême : le cas de la course au large à la voile." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC019.
Full textResearch issue is dedicated to the relationships between action, decision and organization in extreme context during performance seeking. These relationships are approached from the point of view of an ongoing action in order to analyze time lags management in decision-making practices in a time perspective of action. Two offshore racing sample are analyzed using an ethnomethodological approach by decision-making practice of the organized activity based on an immersion within the organization during competition. Time lags between the perception of events at stake and their management within the organization are modeled in the form of decision phenomenon. We conclude that, in extreme context, organization’s performance is linked to its ability to implement a decision-making practice consistent with temporal circumstances of the action. This result contributes to a practice theory of organization
Balze, Rémy. "Maîtrise des instabilités hydro-élastiques de surfaces portantes : application navale." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDL0066.
Full textThe study of aeroelastic instabilities, including flutter, was initiated in the mid-twentieth century, following numerous accidents breaking wing aircraft or bridge decks. One of the most famous accidents is the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, a few months after its commissioning in 1940.Flutter is a synchronized vibration which takes place in a flexible structure moving through a fluid medium. It occurs when two regular, rhythmic motions coincide in such a way that one feeds the other, drawing additional energy from surrounding flow. A classic case of wing flutter might combine wing bending with either wing twisting. This work raises the issue of instabilities in fluid-structure coupling for hydrofoils in water. An important difference from the flutter phenomenon in air is the fact that the flexible structure is evolving in heavy fluid; this implies in particular added mass effects and important fluid damping. Flutter appeared for the first time on racing yacht keels with composite fins, so in water, in 2004 :• On the IMOCA 60 feet boat POUJOULAT-ARMORLUX of Bernard Stamm during the transatlantic race 'TheTransat': he lost his keel and capsized.• On the IMOCA 60 feet boat SILL Rolland JOURDAIN: the keel and the boat were saved. Following these problems - particularly following the loss of the keel of Bernard Stamm sail-boat, accident that could have dramatic consequences for the skipper - HDS company, which is is a major player in the design of complex composite parts, especially for racing sailing yachts, focused on the phenomenon. Flutter has occurred only for canting keels with composite fins on IMOCA 60 feet and VOLVO 70 feet racing yacht. The main questions asked are “Why are composite keels susceptible to flutter, and is it possible to predict and prevent this behaviour?”, then “Can a fair indication of the flutter critical speed of the keel be given at low cost? ». This work presents the analytical, experimental and numerical methods implemented to estimate the critical speed for different types of appendages in water. Models, based on a truncated modal for most energetic modes which are generally, for a bulb keel, the lateral bending predominant mode and the torsion predominant mode, are developed and a design tool is proposed. One of the requirements of this work was to make a simple tool to integrate the calculation of the flutter critical speed in the first design loops of a composite or steel keel. The proposed models that give good results for both flutter cases on keels presented above, are confronted with experimental results and with fluid-structure multiphysic simulations performed using the software ADINA. Finally, a parametric study is proposed with the influence of the main design parameters on the occurrence of instabilities
Sacher, Matthieu. "Méthodes avancées d'optimisation par méta-modèles – Applicationà la performance des voiliers de compétition." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0032/document.
Full textSailing yacht performance optimization is a difficult problem due to the high complexity of the mechanicalsystem (aero-elastic and hydrodynamic coupling) and the large number of parameters to optimize (sails, rigs, etc.).Despite the fact that sailboats optimization is empirical in most cases today, the numerical optimization approach is nowconsidered as possible because of the latest advances in physical models and computing power. However, these numericaloptimizations remain very expensive as each simulation usually requires solving a non-linear fluid-structure interactionproblem. Thus, the central objective of this thesis is to propose and to develop original methods aiming at minimizing thenumerical cost of sailing yacht performance optimization. The Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) is therefore appliedto solve various optimization problems. The original EGO method is extended to cases of optimization under constraints,including possible non computable points, using a classification-based approach. The use of multi-fidelity surrogates isalso adapted to the EGO method. The applications treated in this thesis concern the original optimization problems inwhich the performance is modeled experimentally and/or numerically. These various applications allow for the validationof the developments in optimization methods on real and complex problems, including fluid-structure interactionphenomena
Leconte, Jade. "Analyses de variations génomiques liées à la biogéographie des picoalgues Mamiellales Survey of the green picoalga Bathycoccus genomes in the global ocean Genome Resolved Biogeography of Mamiellales Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems Single-cell genomics of multiple uncultured stramenopiles reveals underestimated functional diversity across oceans." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2020/interne/2020UPASE013.pdf.
Full textMamiellales are an order of unicellular cosmopolitan green algae with ecologically important species such as Bathycoccus, Micromonas or Ostreococcus, major contributors to the primary production. This thesis uses this phytoplankton group with known reference genomes as a study model in order to better analyze the impact of the environment on plankton using samples from the Tara Oceans expedition.To do this, different analyses were carried out to define their biogeography and ecological preferences, first in temperate waters then in the cold, nutrient-rich waters of the Arctic Ocean. In both cases, temperature was shown to be the main factor distinguishing the environment in which the different genomes were found. We then carried out a more detailed study in particular on Bathycoccus prasinos, a species abundant in these two distinct environments, in order to establish its population structure, which proved to be clearly separated into three groups: southern , arctic and temperate samples, again showing an impact of temperature but not only in view of the genomic distance between the first two basins.Finally, our study was extended with various collaborations, allowing us to observe a group of heterotrophic protists, the stramenopiles, and to perform analyses at the much larger scale of communities. All of these results conclude once again, among other things, on the strong impact of temperature, leading us to contribute to the question about the current context of climate change and its impact on plankton
Ji, Shengcheng. "Simulation 3D des ondes de batillage générées par le passage des bateaux et des processus associée de transport de sédiments." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2068/document.
Full textShip-generated waves in restricted waterways lead to the stream banks erosion and cause environmental damage which harms fish, plants, benthos, plankton, etc. They also alter the channel morphology because of the resuspension and transport of bed material by accelerated flows caused by moving-ships. The magnitude of these waves depends mainly on the geometrical and kinematical parameters of the convoy.The objective of this study is to predict the relationship between these geometrical and kinematical parameters and the amplitude of ship-generated waves as well as the water plane drawdown. Numerical simulations are conducted by solving the 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations along with the k-ε model for turbulent processes. The results are compared firstly with the empirical models and secondly with experimental measurements performed by the French Compagnie Nationale of Rhône (CNR). The exitance of the propeller increases the sediment in suspension. Therefore, the relationships between the re-suspended sediments and the advancing speeds of the convoy, the wakes generated by the moving convoy, as well as the number of barges are studied by adding 3D advection-diffusion equation and a propeller model
Brulé-Josso, Stéphanie. "L’habitation du voilier de plaisance en croisière familiale : anthropologie d’un espace et des gouvernementalités en jeu." Brest, 2010. https://hal.laas.fr/tel-01996410.
Full textGoing on cruises as a family and/or with friends on sailing boats with accommodation is a relatively popular leisure activity in France whceh, today, raises a wide variety of social questions. I have chosen to cast an anthropological eye-view on this activity which falls between two disciplinary areas: that of maritime and that of living space. More specifically, life on board sailing boats raises questions about the interaction between the available space, architectural design and the possibilities of its occupants to take action. From a diachronic perspective we can see that eontemporary lay-outs of sailing boats resemble the architecture of upper-middle class houses, especially those of the 19°’ century: a period when leisure-time within the family unit began to emerge. Desire for comfort and the respect for onboard hierarchy seem to be recurring themes, shedding considerable light not only on the subject of sailing boats which rarely go out sailing and block up marinas, but also the exclusion of women from the desire to sail and the pleasure of sailing
Villéger, François. "Etude experimentale et theorique de l'ecoulement autour d'une derive isolee de voilier percant la surface libre a grand nombre de froude." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2204.
Full textPerrier, Amandine. "Le commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3024.
Full textIn this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time
Maillet, Nicolas. "Comparaison de novo de données de séquençage issues de très grands échantillons métagénomiques : application sur le projet Tara Oceans." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941922.
Full textLarochelle, Anne-Marie. "La chaloupe à quille en Nouvelle-France : une embarcation et son milieu." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7340.
Full text