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1

Baryauno, Linda, and Funda Pektas. "Big Bath Accounting." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19342.

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Bakgrund och problem: Alla börsnoterade företag är, sedan år 2005, tvungna att följa IFRS/IASB riktlinjer för att sammanställa en årsredovisning. IFRS är ett regelverk som tillämpas i alla länder inom Europeiska Unionen. I dessa förpliktelser och riktlinjer finns det kryphål som ger företagen möjlighet till subjektiva bedömningar. De subjektiva bedömningarna ger företagen möjligheten att manipulera redovisningen, detta kallas för Earnings management. I samband med övergången till IFRS medförde det förändringar i hur företagen redovisade. En av förändringarna var att den årliga avskrivningen av goodwill inte längre skulle skrivas av, utan varje år skall företagen göra en prövning om det föreligger ett nedskrivningsbehov av goodwill. Prövningen ger företaget möjlighet att lägga in sina subjektiva bedömningar utifrån eget intresse och därmed kunna manipulera redovisningen. Ett annat sätt att manipulera redovisningen är att redovisa högre avsättningar då företagen förväntar sig ett sämre resultat, för att på så vis inte ha lika stora avsättningar åren därpå och därmed kunna redovisa ett bättre resultat nästkommande år. Studien kommer att undersöka ifall stora nedskrivningar och avsättningar förekommer i samband med att en ny VD träder fram. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera om Big Bath Accounting förekommer i företag registrerade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm och Nasdaq OMX Helsinki. Studien fokuserar på att undersöka huruvida det råder ett samband mellan stora engångskostnader och VD-byten samt om det förekommer några skillnader mellan Sverige och Finland. Avgränsningar: Studien avgränsar sig till samtliga företag som är registrerade på Stockholmsbörsen och Helsinkibörsen Large Cap mellan åren 2005-2011. Metod: Undersökningsmetoden som har tillämpats för denna studie har en kvantitativ ansats och har använts sig av sekundär data i form av årsredovisningar. Studiens datainsamling sker med hjälp av tillgänglig information som redan finns elektroniskt på företagens hemsidor. Dessutom har en deduktiv undersökningsansats tillämpats, då studien utgår ifrån teorier som har formats till hypoteser som skall jämföras med data för att kunna komma fram till en slutsats. Ett t-test kommer att användas i studien för att testa hypoteserna som påstår att det finns ett samband mellan VD-byten och nedskrivningar av goodwill och avsättningar till långfristiga skulder. Resultat och slutsatser: T-testet visade att det inte råder ett statistiskt samband mellan VD-byten och nedskrivning av goodwill och avsättningar till långfristiga skulder. Då man bortser från t-testet och tittar närmare på vissa företag kan man se att det förekommer större engångskostnader vid VD-byten än år utan VD-byten, eftersom detta endast förekommer i vissa fall kan man inte dra en generell slutsats i frågan. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Eftersom den insamlade datan visade på vissa likheter mellan Sverige och Finland, båda länderna hade flest VD-byten år 2011 och högst KEK år 2007, skulle det vara intressant att studera om detta är en slump eller om det föreligger något intressant samband. Vidare kan man studera huruvida dessa likheter förekommer mellan alla nordiska länder. Stora nedskrivningar och avsättningar inträffade inte endast vid ett VD-byte utan i vissa fall förekom de även 1-2 år efter att ett VD-byte skett. Vi anser därför att det skulle vara intressant att föra vidare förslaget om att inte endast kolla på året då ett VD-byte skett utan under en längre period.
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Turnage, Amy. "Reynolds Bath House." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3451.

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Abstract: This project explores the ritual of leisure, social interaction, and reflection in a democratic* space. Water is the universal experience. The program for this site examines the ritual of bathing and the role of intimacy within a public domain. *democratic: absence of hereditary or arbitrary class distinctions or privileges
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3

Mezentseva, Karyna. "Hydrology Of The Tamarack Bog, Bath Nature Preserve, Bath Township, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1438166845.

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Kemp, Matthew L. "Characterizing the Depositional History of Three Ponds, Bath Nature Preserve, Bath, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1270834695.

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5

Sloman, Susan Legouix. "Gainsborough in Bath 1758-1774." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324365.

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Maressa, John. "Maqiuq, the Eskimo sweat bath /." Hohenschäftlarn : K. Renner, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37448174m.

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7

Anstey, Christopher Cossic-Péricarpin Annick. "The New Bath Guide, 1766." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376018793.

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8

Karat, Lana. "Skarpbadet : Public Bath in Skarpnäck." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223412.

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9

Bacha, Marcelo Gomes [UNESP]. "Construção de um interferômetro de Bath para análise do comportamento da superfície de vidros usados na confecção de espelhos côncavos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99673.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bacha_mg_me_bauru.pdf: 1693863 bytes, checksum: 92fb550b499e59844a5bcd48f540291b (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho foi comparado o desempenho dos dois vidros mais utilizados na fabricação de espelhos côncavos de médio porte (até 25 cmde diâmetro). Os materiais analisados foram vidros nos sistema soda-cálcio e boro-silicato. Os espelhos foram comparados em relação a dilatação térmica e a sua rigidez elástica, tendo como principal objetivo avaliar qual vidro deformaria menos sua superfície mantendo sua qualidade óptica em relação a variação da tmmperatura e do seu próprio peso. Para tanto, a análise foi realizada através dos resultados captados pelo interferômetro de Bath, montado no Observatório Didático de Astronomia Lionel José Andriatto, da Faculdade de Ciências, UNESP, Bauru. Como amostras para o trabalho, foram utilizados espelhos primários côncavos de telescópios Newtonianos construídos com os vidros analisados. As medidas foram inspiradas nas condições que os espelhos sofrem durante o seu uso, ambientes com temperatura variável e efeitos causados pela gravidade quando os espelhos estão na posição vertical. Ainda para testar a rigidez elástica dos vidros, os espelhos foram apoiados apenas pelas bordas. Os parâmetros utilizados para verificar o desempenho da superfície dos espelhos, foram deformados na curvatura, somatória das deformações na frente de onda e fator Strehl. Utilizando as franjas de interforometrias que foram associadas aos polinômios de Zernike por análise computacional, foi possível realizar o levantamento dos defeitos na superfície com precisão de nanômetros. Através dos dados obtidos no trabalho foi possível confirmar o desempenho superior do espelho feito com vidro de boro-silicato, esse material se apresentou mais estável em todas as medidas realizadas, sofrendo deformações na superfície menores que o vidro soda-cálcico
This work aims to compare the performance of two types of glasses, which are the most used in the manufacture of medium sized concave mirrors (up to 25 cm of diameter). The investigated materials were soda-lime and borosilicate glasses. The mirrors were compared concerning their thermal expansion and their elastic rigidity, and the main goal was to find out which glass would have a less deformed surface, main goal was to find out which glass would have a less deformed surface, maintaining the optical quality, under temperature variation and the mirror weight itself. In order to accomplish that, an analysis was carried out based on data collected by the Bath interferometer, built in the Didactic Astronomy Observatory Lionel José Andriatto. As samples for this work, it was used concave primary mirrors of Newtonian telescopes built with these glasses. The measurements were based on conditions that mirrors are exposed during their regular use, such as variable temperature environments and gravity effects when the mirrors are kept upright. Besides, to test the rigidity, the glass mirrors were held only by the edges. To check the performance, the used parameters were deformation in curvature, the sum of the wavefront deformations and Strehl factor. Interometer fringes were associated with Zernikes polynomials by computational analyses, making possible a survey of defects on the surface with nanometer accuracy. Using data obtained in this study, it was possible to confirm the superior performance of the mirror built with borosilicate glass, which was the most stable sample in all the measurements, presenting less surface deformations when compared with the sodalime glass
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10

Anton, Bengtsson, and Rosenquist Anton. "Let's take a bath : En studie om VD-bytens påverkan på resultatmanipulering och Big Bath Accounting." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75013.

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BakgrundVD-yrket sägs ha blivit en allt mer utsatt position. I spåren av denna utveckling kan det te sig rimligt att nytillträdda VD:ar vill ge sig själva en god start på den aktuella tjänsten. Inom akademins värld anses en VD-förändring vara den situation där resultatmanipulering genom Big Bath är främst förekommande. Vi frågar oss dock om detta är en produkt av tidigare forskning selektionsmekanism och om Big Bath påverkas mer av andra faktorer. SyfteStudiens syfte är att undersöka Big Bath från en bredare tidshorisont som inte isolerar enskilda händelser. På så sätt vi vill undersöka om VD-förändringar är den situation som starkast påverkar Big Bath. MetodGenom användning av en longitudinell panelstudie med en deduktiv ansats har studien undersökt hur resultatmanipulering och Big Bath påverkas av olika faktorer däribland VD-byten. Urvalet består av bolag från NASDAQ OMX Stockholm Large Cap under åren 2006-2017. SlutsatsResultatet visar att VD-byten inte har någon signifikant påverkan på varken resultatmanipulering eller Big Bath. I studien fann vi dock indikationer på att negativa resultat påverkar förekomsten av både resultatmanipulering och Big Bath.
BackgroundThe CEO-profession is said to be more precarious than ever before. Given this development one can assume that newly appointed CEO’s are interested in securing a good start at the beginning of their appointment. In the academic world a CEO turnover is considered to be the primary situation were earnings management in the form of Big Bath occurs. We ask ourselves if this is a product of previous selection bias and if Big Bath in true is affected by other factors. PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine Big Bath from a long-term perspective that does not isolate specific events. Through this approach we want to investigate whether CEO-turnovers is the main contributing factor behind Big Bath. MethodBy using a longitudinal panel study with a deductive approach the study have investigated how earnings management and Big Bath are affected by different factors such as CEO-turnovers. The sample consists of companies from NASDAQ OMX Stockholm Large Cap in between the time period of 2006-2017.ConclusionThe result states that CEO-turnovers have no significant effect on either earnings management or Big Bath. However through the study we find indications that negative results affects both earnings management and Big Bath.
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11

Bacha, Marcelo Gomes. "Construção de um interferômetro de Bath para análise do comportamento da superfície de vidros usados na confecção de espelhos côncavos /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99673.

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Orientador: Rosa Maria Fernandes Scalvi
Banca: José Humberto Dias da Silva
Banca: Eduardo Bellini Ferreira
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, POSMAT, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi
Resumo: Neste trabalho foi comparado o desempenho dos dois vidros mais utilizados na fabricação de espelhos côncavos de médio porte (até 25 cmde diâmetro). Os materiais analisados foram vidros nos sistema soda-cálcio e boro-silicato. Os espelhos foram comparados em relação a dilatação térmica e a sua rigidez elástica, tendo como principal objetivo avaliar qual vidro deformaria menos sua superfície mantendo sua qualidade óptica em relação a variação da tmmperatura e do seu próprio peso. Para tanto, a análise foi realizada através dos resultados captados pelo interferômetro de Bath, montado no Observatório Didático de Astronomia "Lionel José Andriatto", da Faculdade de Ciências, UNESP, Bauru. Como amostras para o trabalho, foram utilizados espelhos primários côncavos de telescópios Newtonianos construídos com os vidros analisados. As medidas foram inspiradas nas condições que os espelhos sofrem durante o seu uso, ambientes com temperatura variável e efeitos causados pela gravidade quando os espelhos estão na posição vertical. Ainda para testar a rigidez elástica dos vidros, os espelhos foram apoiados apenas pelas bordas. Os parâmetros utilizados para verificar o desempenho da superfície dos espelhos, foram deformados na curvatura, somatória das deformações na frente de onda e fator Strehl. Utilizando as franjas de interforometrias que foram associadas aos polinômios de Zernike por análise computacional, foi possível realizar o levantamento dos defeitos na superfície com precisão de nanômetros. Através dos dados obtidos no trabalho foi possível confirmar o desempenho superior do espelho feito com vidro de boro-silicato, esse material se apresentou mais estável em todas as medidas realizadas, sofrendo deformações na superfície menores que o vidro soda-cálcico
Abstract: This work aims to compare the performance of two types of glasses, which are the most used in the manufacture of medium sized concave mirrors (up to 25 cm of diameter). The investigated materials were soda-lime and borosilicate glasses. The mirrors were compared concerning their thermal expansion and their elastic rigidity, and the main goal was to find out which glass would have a less deformed surface, main goal was to find out which glass would have a less deformed surface, maintaining the optical quality, under temperature variation and the mirror weight itself. In order to accomplish that, an analysis was carried out based on data collected by the Bath interferometer, built in the Didactic Astronomy Observatory "Lionel José Andriatto". As samples for this work, it was used concave primary mirrors of Newtonian telescopes built with these glasses. The measurements were based on conditions that mirrors are exposed during their regular use, such as variable temperature environments and gravity effects when the mirrors are kept upright. Besides, to test the rigidity, the glass mirrors were held only by the edges. To check the performance, the used parameters were deformation in curvature, the sum of the wavefront deformations and Strehl factor. Interometer fringes were associated with Zernikes polynomials by computational analyses, making possible a survey of defects on the surface with nanometer accuracy. Using data obtained in this study, it was possible to confirm the superior performance of the mirror built with borosilicate glass, which was the most stable sample in all the measurements, presenting less surface deformations when compared with the sodalime glass
Mestre
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12

Waddell, Stephen Blair. "William Jay of Bath (1769-1853)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11927.

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William Jay (1769-1853) was an Independent minister of the Argyle Chapel in Bath for sixty-two years. His career bridged the time between the Evangelical Revival of the eighteenth century and the formal Congregational denominationalism of the nineteenth century. Jay’s autobiography is used among historians for its first-hand accounts of other notable evangelical figures such as William Wilberforce (1759-1833), Hannah More (1745-1833) and John Newton (1725-1807). Too often his own influence has been overlooked, but at the time he was regarded as one of the foremost Dissenting preachers of his era. His ministry within a fashionable spa city increased the respectability of evangelical religion among the growing middle classes in Bath. This thesis examines the evangelicalism of William Jay in the context of his times. The scope of Jay’s life and popularity will be examined in six chapters. Following the introduction, chapter two will examine his direct impact through the Argyle Chapel upon Bath. Chapter three will review the early life of William Jay that was much neglected by his biographers. It will demonstrate the formation of his evangelicalism first introduced to him by Joanna Turner (1732-1784) and instilled in his training by Cornelius Winter (1742-1807). The social composition of the Argyle Chapel will be evaluated in the fourth chapter. Those that Jay attracted to the chapel not only promoted his cause to advance the gospel, but also increased the prestige of the minister and his place of worship. In chapter five, Jay’s preaching, which attracted celebrity and commoner alike, will be analyzed for form, style, content, delivery and the receptivity of his audience. Likewise, the spirituality of the man, which will be reviewed in chapter six, induced similar qualities to stimulate evangelical religion. Finally, the polity and ecclesiology of William Jay will be examined in the seventh chapter. The Argyle Chapel was under strong pastoral guidance for the vast majority of the minister’s service until Jay lost that influence shortly before his retirement in 1852. The biography will conclude with an appraisal of R.W. Dale’s (1829-1895) categorization of Jay and his chapel as representative of older evangelical religion and criticism of the early participants of the revival found in Dale’s sermon The Old Evangelicalism and the New (1889). William Jay promoted a religious perspective that exhorted the individual to dwell on the self yet sought to do so through a united Christian movement that crossed denominational barriers.
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James, Kenneth Edward. "Concert life in eighteenth-century Bath." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297093.

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Adeosun, Ekundayo K. "Formaldehyde oxidation in Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364622.

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Remdahl, Johanna, and Lina Valingsten. "Big Bath Accounting : fenomenet kring avsättningar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19482.

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Traditionellt sätt har det varit svårt för forskare att dokumentera förekomsten ochomfattningen av manipulering av redovisningsmått. Big Bath Accounting är ett fenomen sominnebär att tveksamma redovisningsmetoder tillämpas i syfte att förvränga företagets verkligasituation, vilket ofta sker i samband med VD-byte och när företag redovisar ett för periodennegativt resultat. Intresset för ämnesvalet väcktes utifrån en tidigare studie om Big BathAccounting, som påvisade statistiska samband mellan nedskrivning av goodwill vid VD-byterespektive negativt resultat. I denna studie är syftet att utreda om statistiska sambandföreligger mellan företagets avsättningar vid VD-byte och negativt resultat enligt teorin BigBath Accounting. I studien undersöks inte alla avsättningar, utan endastomstruktureringsutgifter och övriga avsättningar, då de är svåra att kontrollera och utrymmekan finnas för kreativ tolkning. Studien avser att undersöka samtliga företag noterade påOMX Stockholmsbörs Large Cap, kreditinstitut exkluderas dock. Studien är av positivistiskoch kvantitativ karaktär. En statistisk analys har genomförts för att undersöka studiensuppställda hypoteser. Studiens insamlade data utgörs av sekundärdata, vilka hämtatselektroniskt från företagens årsredovisningar för åren 2001-2008. Det empiriska materialetutgör grund för de statistiska testerna i studiens analys. Den statistiska analysen påvisar etttydligt samband för mer frekventa avsättningar vid VD-byte och negativt resultat som inte ärslumpmässigt betingat. Vi kan med hänvisning till studiens tester påvisa statistiska belägg föratt fenomenet Big Bath Accounting förekommer.
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Jiang, Mingzhen. "A Bath House in Suzhou, China." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93255.

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The thesis is about an urban bathhouse in Suzhou, China that explores the relationship of the time honored traditions with modern customs and building techniques. Traditional bath house in memory is always crowded, confined, dim and toneless. The project seeks a new possibility for a modern bath house by studying the structural order and light quality, to make the bath house not only a place for body hygiene, but also a place for mind relaxation and rejuvenation.
Master of Architecture
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Altin, Daniel, and Caroline Larsson. "Big Bath Accounting : Kan fenomenets existens styrkas?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3903.

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Samtliga företag ska varje år upprätta en årsredovisning. Syftet med årsredovisningen är att tillgodose investerare och till viss del långivare med information. För att attrahera kapital från dessa aktörer åligger det incitament för företag att anpassa sin årsredovisning med syfte att framställa dess finansiella ställning i bättre dager än den i själva verket är. Majoriteten av de metoder företag kan använda för att manipulera dess resultat går under begreppet Earnings Management eller Designad redovisning, där Big Bath Accounting ingår. Big Bath Accounting skildrar de åtgärder ledningen vidtar för att väsentligt minska en periods vinst för att öka nästkommande periods vinst. Tidigare forskning har inte kunnat demonstrera en koppling mellan Big Bath Accounting och förändringar i företagens aktiekurs eller vinst. Trots detta förekommer fall där företag påstås använda sig av redovisning liknande Big Bath Accounting. Det föreligger därmed intresse att undersöka huruvida det går att statistiskt påvisa fenomenets existens.
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Fogdeby, Jonathan, and Evelina Pelttari. "Big bath accounting i samband med goodwillnedskrivningar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45058.

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Merceret, Honor. "Our plumbing, ourselves : a public bath house." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68754.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-231).
Cleansing for being well Cleansing for well being. This thesis will consider: --how developments in plumbing and sewage and their related fixtures, kitchens and baths, parallel cultural changes throughout history. Though these relationships are not necessarily causal, they may indicate what (critical) roles rituals in contemporary baths can take within the framework of today's socio-economic systems; -- notions of bathing for hygiene and bathing for rejuvenation. The first might be considered a 'process of elimination' while the latter a 'process of preservation'. The two are not necessarily exclusive, but there are differences between them. One involves the removal of things such as dirt, germs, and wastes while the other involves the revitalization of the spirit and body; and -- issues involving the decline of public space, security, control, and gentrification, particularly in relation to the items mentioned above. These topics are currently the highlight of many discussions and writings in architecture with today's impending conditions of homelessness, urban strife, changing domestic structure, and domestic violence. through written background and discussion as well as the design of a public bath house
by Honor Merceret.
M.Arch.
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Shea, Joan-Emma. "Brownian motion in a non-equilibrium bath." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42646.

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Di, Shaohua 1972. "Duality / Fluidity -- Yin-Yang and bath house." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65733.

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Thesis (S.M. and M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 73).
This thesis attempts to synthesize different design issues that revolve around the program of a public bathhouse in a bustling cultural district in Beijing, China. While the larger design framework evolves from the basics of bathing - the themes of earth, water and light, other design considerations that reflect the roots of Chinese traditions , namely, the configuration which is the metaphor of the garden and the memory of the culture, the concepts of yin-yang and modularity, the spatial order of man and woman, the sensuality and physicality of wetness and dryness, etc., have been explored. The thesis explores how different strategies that are exhibited in traditional Chinese art forms - the concepts of duality and fluidity - can inform the design to create architecture that is modern, yet at the same time Chinese.
by Shaohua Di.
S.M.and M.Arch.
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Sterner, Beatrice. "Nydalasjön Cold Bath : Getting back to Nature." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171715.

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Acquisto, Luciana. "The People's Bath and Sweet Waters Park." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28256.

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The research document component of this dissertation concludes that Cape Town's sanitation crisis can in part be relieved by the implementation of consolidated sanitation infrastructure in wealthy areas, visited daily by thousands affected by the crisis. These wealthy areas are capable of maintaining and implementing these types of facilities due to rates ring-fencing. Furthermore, the document looked at historic precedent to demonstrate that this strategy has grounds and has acted as a sanitation crisis alleviation mechanism many times in history. The dissertation design focuses on both the sanitation and water crisis in Cape Town, and proposes to in part alleviate pressure locally from within the City Bowl by making use of the abundant quantity of water produced daily by the Camissa spring network coming of Table Mountain. The design uses this water to cater to the needs of people seeking ablution, swimming, and recreational outdoor facilities, from the rich to the poor, attempting to bring together folk from all walks of life in one mutually inclusive, water sensitive design.
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Callan, Michael. "Elite sport and education support systems : a case study of the Team Bath Judo Programme at the University of Bath." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488888.

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High level sport is linked to educational institutions. Historically, a number of systems designed to develop high level sports performance have been based at places of learning. This work is concerned with how an educational institution has gone about developing the sport of judo, taking the form of a case study of the Team Bath Judo Programme at the University of Bath, recognising that that system sits within a social and political context.
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25

Hadzismajlovic, Ena, and Magnus Sohl. "Big Bath Accounting och bonus i börsnoterade företag." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15455.

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A company may use different accounting techniques to adjust accounting information and thereby attract investors. Big Bath Accounting is defined as a strategy used to make changes in the financial statements and reduce the results further when the companies expect negative results. This phenomenon has been observed empirically and occurs when including CEO change and negative results. The aim of this study is to test whether there is another factor affecting Big Bath Accounting, namely remuneration of the CEO. The CEOs should, by changing the accounting information, be able to influence their compensation. Big Bath Accounting is defined as a strategy used in companies to increase their discretionary accruals (which consists of provisions, depreciation and amortization). A total of 195 annual reports have been studied (in each of the 39 companies five annual reports have been studied). The variables have been operationalized and analyzed by a regression analysis. The result of this study shows that the hypothesis stating that there is a positive correlation between the remuneration of the CEO and Big Bath Accounting can be rejected. The survey also shows that some industries show stronger tendencies of Big Bath Accounting and that some specific industries exhibit greater relation between the remuneration of the CEO and discretionary accruals. The conclusion is however that we cannot prove a positive relation between Big Bath Accounting and remuneration to the CEO.
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26

Lilja, Viktor, and Johansson Richard. "Big Bath-Accounting- Sötrre engångskostnader vid VD-byten?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9535.

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The purpose of this essay is to investigate if the companies listed on Nasdaq/OMX Stockholm Large Cap use the earnings management phenomenon Big Bath Accounting to a greater extent when a change of management (CEO) is made. Management tends to use earnings management when there is a bonus plan linked to the result of the company. To gain maximum bonus the management will try to manipulate the result in a way that in a long term maximize their utility. Through the earnings management technique Big Bath the management is given the possibility to take one large cost as a one-time expend, even though the cost is supposed to run over several financial years. This, of course, within the legal framework. A big bath may occur when there is an impairment of goodwill, tangible and/or intangible assets or larger provisions for future expense, or both of them at the same time.
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Ek, Thérese, and Jennie Lind. "En eventstudie om aktiemarknadens acceptans av Big bath." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11096.

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28

Li, Jun-Sheng. "Design and scheduling of chemical bath processing lines." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24380.

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29

Bengtsson, Hjalmar, and Gustav Johansson. "Är Big bath en, av aktiemarknaden, accepterad redovisningspraxis?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2046.

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The study tries to increase the understanding of the phenomenon known as the Big bath, on the question whether the market accepts Big bath accounting principle or not. Big bath is an accounting theory meaning that a company is likely to increase its impairment in a specific year. This could be as a reaction on a change in the leadership, a depreciation of the result or maybe an external decrease in demand. Through a quantitative survey of the market it is examining whether the companies themselves are inclined to use the procedure and if the stock market accepts it. The study concludes that Big bath similar procedures are a fairly common accounting practice and that the stock market does not seem to mind.

 

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30

Basu, Balaka Piku. "The particulate methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59505/.

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The isolation procedure for the pMMO complex has been optimised to obtain a high specific activity enzyme from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). The enzyme is comprised of the pMMO hydroxylase (pMMOH) consisting of polypeptides 47,26 and 23kDa molecular mass. In addition to this, a putative pMMO reductase (pMMOR) was also found to be necessary to maintain propylene oxidising activity. This component was found to consist of two polypeptides of approximately 63 and 8kDa. Preliminary Nterminal sequence data of the large subunit ofpMMOR indicates that the sequence bears 70% similarity to the methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Therefore, we tentatively propose that the" MDH can act as a reductase component to the pMMOH. The significance of this result prompted investigations into the previous published proposals that electrons derived from the methanol oxidation reaction can be channelled back into the methane oxidation reaction by the methanol dehydrogenase, independent of NADH. Any effect of methanol to act as a reductant to pMMO in membrane preparations was lost upon isolation of the pMMO complex, indicating the necessity to maintain a fully functional methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) upon isolation. In addition to this, the in vitro electron donors of pMMO, NADH and duroquinol were found to act via distinct pathways of electron transfer (electron transport inhibitor studies). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy data provided evidence that the copper in the active site of pMMO existed as a mononuclear copper (II) centre not a trinuclear copper centre suggested by Chan and coworkers (Chan et al., 1993; Nguyen et al., 1994, 1996a, 1996b, 1998). In addition to this preliminary data also indicates the presence of an iron centre which is only EPR visible after reduction of the complex suggesting the majority of iron in the complex is EPR invisible. The exact nature of this iron centre is still unclear. A structural study of the pMMO complex has also been undertaken using electron microscopy studies in conjunction with single particle analysis. This allowed low resolution projection maps of different views of the pMMO complex to be generated. The complex appears to exist in a polymeric state of at least a dimer, possibly a tetramer if the molecular weight analysis calculated by sedimentation equilibrium analysis is taken into account. This study has provided some insight into basic characteristics and the structure of a duroquinol-driven pMMO complex and its interaction with other electron transfer proteins.
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Haldorson, Karl, Björn Karnerfors, and Sebastian Sandberg. "Big Bath Accounting– : En studie om ledningens beteende." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18511.

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Strategin Big Bath Accounting betecknar situationer då VD upprättar externredovisning efter förutbestämda mål och medvetet ändrar företagetsredovisningsmetoder. Artiklar som ifrågasätter företags externa redovisningförekommer regelbundet i svensk affärspress. Journalister diskuterar med storskepsis sanningen kring vissa börsbolags redovisade resultat. Uppsatsen syftartill att undersöka om denna strategi förekommer bland företag påStockholmsbörsen. Big Bath Accounting operationaliseras i denna studie tillnedskrivning av goodwill vid VD-byte eller vid negativt resultat. Studiengenomförs med ett positivistiskt angreppssätt och genom en hypotetisk-deduktivmetodologi undersöks de för studien fyra uppställda hypoteserna. Empirisktmaterial utgörs av årsredovisningar för perioden 2001-2006. Studiens analysvisar tydliga statistiska samband mellan nedskrivning av goodwill vid VD-byterespektive negativt resultat. De resultat som erhålls genom statistisk analysstyrker den teori som finns för området angående kreativ redovisning.
Uppsatsnivå: C
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32

Hay, Steven C. "Regulation of C₁ metabolism in Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107983/.

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The aim of this project was to examine aspects of the regulation of C1 metabolism in M.capsulatus (Bath). To achieve this, steady-state cultures were set up under defined conditions using a gas-limited chemostat, coupled to an on-line mass spectrometer. During periods of steady-state growth, the conditions of culture were perturbed via the addition of various C1 metabolites and the response of the cells monitored with respect to their capacity to attain a new steady-state. An initial series of continuous cultivation experiments were carried out to determine the physiological state of the cells prior to making such perturbations. Gas exchange rates, carbon distribution and levels of in vitro enzyme activity monitored within the culture during these periods provided a base-line with which to compare the effect of the addition of C1 metabolites. Examination of the response of cells to the addition of formate showed that under carbon-limiting conditions, added formate was oxidised to C02. Under oxygen-limiting conditions cells were capable of assimilating low levels of formate carbon, although under such circumstances the cultures were also susceptible to formate-induced uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Additional formate oxidation also resulted in an observed increase in cell yield on methane, especially when the cells expressed soluble MMO. It was concluded that this was a consequence of extra NAD(P)H being generated by the NAD(P)+ - linked oxidation of formate, which in turn relieved the apparent NAD(P)H-limitation of cells growing on methane. The ability of cells to metabolize exogenously supplied formaldehyde was linked to the type of MMO expressed by the cells. Soluble MMO- containing cells showed an increased sensitivity to formaldehyde accumulation compared with particulate MMO- containing cells. At one stage it was possible to maintain particulate MMO- containing cells on formaldehyde as their sole source of carbon, albeit for a limited period of time. This period of time appeared to be linked to the cell's ability to maintain an active MMO. Results showed that the synthesis of soluble MMO was repressed in the presence of additional formaldehyde metabolism, the loss of enzyme coinciding with formaldehyde accumulation and ultimately cell death. Subsequent analysis of the intracellular levels of NAD+and NADH in the culture implied that the MMO played an active role in the regulation of the NAD+ : NADH ratio within the cell. Loss of MMO activity in the presence of additional formaldehyde metabolism effectively compromised the cell's ability to regulate it's intracellular NAD+ : NADH ratio. It was shown during this study that cultures of M.capsulatus (Bath) could be transferred directly from methane-limited growth to growth on methanol as a sole source of carbon, without any prior period of physiological adaptation. During this switch in carbon sources, the MMO appeared to be actively involved in the in vivo metabolism of methanol. Studies concerning the environmental regulation of methanol metabolism showed that the level of methanol dehydrogenase activity in the culture was inversely related to the standing concentration of methanol in the culture. Similarly, higher levels of methanol dehydrogenase activity were recorded at lower dilution rates, during methanol-limited conditions. It was concluded that the methanol dehydrogenase enzyme is subject to regulation via catabolic repression and at low dilution rates the synthesis of the enzyme is effectively derepressed.
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33

Masten, Viktoria Louise. "Women's work in eighteenth-century Bath and Ipswich." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272816.

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34

Vogler, Nina-Christin. "Formation of a bath - Geological processes in Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34943.

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Geological processes define every place on earth. They tell us their story of formation, of shaping events that have long passed and about current conditions that continue to form the place. Each place therefore reveals its historical events and points towards its future. Man manipulates these processes and often ends the dialog between the past and the future. I wanted to explore an architecture related to this dialog, that occupies a site but also enters its existence and future. Erosion is the all-encompassing term for the processes that constantly sculpt and ultimately wear down the landscape of the earth. It accompanies weathering, the break up of material at the earth`s surface through chemical, physical and biological processes. Gravity plays a vital role in these processes. It is urging all of the erosional debris downhill. Most of the material is carried by running water, transported downstream often to the world`s oceans.
Master of Architecture
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35

Bassireh, Salar. "Das politische System im Irak unter der Baath-Partei Stabilisierungs- und Destabilisierungsfaktoren der Baath- Herrschaft /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974090913.

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36

Eriksson, Christian, and Åsa Petersson. "Big bath accounting : förekommer strategin i svenska börsnoterade företag?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-564.

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Big bath accounting är en strategi där beslutsfattarna i ett företag manipulerar det redovisade resultatet efter ens egna preferenser, ofta för att påverka resultatet negativt genom nedskrivning av immateriella tillgångar. Tidigare forskning har visat att fenomenet uppstår mer frekvent i samband med en nytillsatt VD.Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka förekomsten av Big bath genom nedskrivning av goodwill bland börsnoterade bolag i Sverige, och ifall en nytillsatt VD kan vara en av förklaringarna till fenomenet. Studien har en deduktiv ansats och studiens frågeställningar har analyserats med hjälp av en kvantitativ dataanalys.Studiens insamlade data har hämtats ifrån företagens årsredovisningar under tidsperioden år 2005-2013. Den insamlade datan ligger till grund för de statistiska testerna som utförts. Resultatet visar att det finns ett samband mellan goodwillnedskrivningar och en nytillsatt VD samt goodwillnedskrivningar och ett negativt resultat. Vidare upptäcks ett positivt samband mellan Big bath och en nytillsatt VD samt Big bath och ett negativt resultat vilket tyder på att strategin existerar på Stockholmsbörsen.
Big bath accounting is a strategy where the decision makers of a company manipulates the stated result according to their own preferences, most often to influence the result negatively by writing down its intangible assets. Earlier studies have shown that this phenomenon occurs more frequently in connection with a newly appointed CEO.This paper aims to investigate the occurrence of Big bath by writing down goodwill among public companies in Sweden, and to investigate if a newly appointed CEO could be one of the explanations to this phenomenon. This study has a deductive approach and the research questions have been analyzed with a quantitative data analysis.The data in this study have been collected from the companies financial statements during the time period between 2005-2013. The collected data have been used for the statistical tests that this paper contains. The result shows a positive connection between writing down goodwill and a newly appointed CEO and also between writing down goodwill and a negative result. Furthermore, a positive connection was found between Big bath and a newly appointed CEO and also between Big bath and a negative result which indicates that this strategy exists on the Stockholm stock exchange.The essay is written in Swedish.
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37

Miley, Timothy Brian. "Studies of the respiratory chain of Methylococcus capsulatus (bath)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1252.

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38

Maheras, Aspasia S. (Aspasia Susanna). "Bath house : corporeal consciousness & the permeability of space." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68323.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).
New York City. Row Houses, Two. Dense Urban Fabric. Water. Work, Work, Work. Light. Lower East Side. Screens, 25' x 200' long. Comfort.
by Aspasia S. Maheras.
M.Arch.
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39

Balian, S. J. "Quantum-bath decoherence of hybrid electron-nuclear spin qubits." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1470543/.

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A major problem facing the realisation of scalable solid-state quantum computing is that of overcoming decoherence - the process whereby phase information encoded in a quantum bit ('qubit') is lost as the qubit interacts with its environment. Due to the vast number of environmental degrees of freedom, it is challenging to accurately calculate decoherence times T2, especially when the qubit and environment are highly correlated. Hybrid or mixed electron-nuclear spin qubits, such as donors in silicon, are amenable to fast quantum control with pulsed magnetic resonance. They also possess 'optimal working points' (OWPs) which are sweet-spots for reduced decoherence in magnetic fields. Analysis of sharp variations of T2 near OWPs was previously based on insensitivity to classical noise, even though hybrid qubits are situated in highly correlated quantum environments, such as the nuclear spin bath environment of 29Si impurities. This presented limited understanding of the underlying decoherence mechanism and gave unreliable predictions for T2. In this thesis, I present quantum many-body calculations of the qubit-bath dynamics, which (i) yield T2 for hybrid qubits in excellent agreement with experiments in multiple regimes, (ii) elucidate the many-body nature of the nuclear spin bath and (iii) expose significant differences between quantum-bath and classical-field decoherence. To achieve these results, the cluster correlation expansion was adapted to include electron-nuclear state mixing. In addition, an analysis supported by experiment was carried out to characterise the nuclear spin bath for a bismuth donor as the hybrid qubit, a simple analytical formula for T2 was derived with predictions in agreement with experiment, and the established method of dynamical decoupling was combined with operating near OWPs in order to maximise T2. Finally, the decoherence of a 29Si spin in proximity to the hybrid qubit was studied, in order to establish the feasibility for its use as a quantum register.
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40

Borsay, Anne. "Patrons and governors : aspects of the social history of the Bath Infirmary, c.1739-1830." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683159.

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41

Merry, Adam M. "More Than a Bath: An Examination of Japanese Bathing Culture." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/665.

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Steeped in tradition for over a thousand years, bathing culture in Japan remains relevant due to the preservation of the traditional, innovative modernization of existing bathing structures, and the diversification therein. This thesis will examine the significance of bathing culture, focusing largely on onsen and sento, account for its historical evolution, analyze how it functions in modern society and forecast its future viability. More specifically, the concept that Japan's vibrant bathing culture was able to flourish due to mythological creation stories, politically motivated access to baths, propagated therapeutic value, and scientific reinforcement of the benefits of a hot bath will be explored.
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42

Wei, Chuck Chenchi. "Modelling of bath/ledge heat transfer in Hall-Heroult cells." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9701545.

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Heat transfer through the sidewall accounts for a significant proportion of the energy loss from an aluminium reduction cell. At the same time, the ledge formed on the sidewall has important consequences with regards to the cell service life and the dynamic heat balance during various disturbances associated with the smelting operation such as alumina feeding, anode changing, metal tapping and anode effect. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the ledge heat transfer. However, the reported heat transfer coefficients in the literature not only vary over a wide range of values but provide insufficient information on the ledge heat transfer. A heat transfer probe and measurement techniques were developed for studying the ledge heat transfer in a full-scale 3-D air-water model. Quantitative measurements were conducted to determine the bath/ledge heat transfer characteristics at various positions, and under different operating conditions such as anode-ledge distance, current density and bath depth. Variation of the heat transfer were also examined as a function of the anode bottom inclination, the anode slot width and the position on the side ledge relative to the anode slot. The results illustrate that the ledge profile in an operating cell will take on a different shape in compliance with the heat transfer variation. A similitude analysis was carried out to interpret the measured results in a meaningful manner for use in a reduction cell. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient in industrial cells under various operating parameters, and at different positions on the side ledge, can be estimated using the empirical correlations presented. Gas bubble behaviour and bubble impingement on the side ledge were observed in the water model. Observations made on the 2-D and 3-D water models indicate that anode gas evolution in the 3-D model cell will reflect more closely the flow pattern in actual cells and hence provide more reliable quantitative results. A simple 2-D thermal model for the prediction of ledge thickness and profile as a moving boundary was developed and solved simply and efficiently with a commercial spreadsheet software using the finite difference method. The ledge profile was predicted using the ledge heat transfer coefficients measured extensively from the full-scale 3-D physical model. The results show that the ledge shape is highly sensitive to the positional variation of the heat transfer coefficient. It is also shown that the ledge heat transfer coefficients obtained from industrial measurements assuming 1-D heat flow are much lower than the actual values in a Hall-Heroult cell. A transient thermal model derived by considering the Stefan problem$/sp[*]$ for the sidewall/ledge region was developed. A fixed-grid and deforming-grid spacing were respectively superimposed on the sidewall and the ledge region in order to track the moving front of the phase change zone. Various aspects of the process dynamics with respect to the variation of ledge thickness and sidewall shell temperature were presented. The model considered dynamic heat loss through the sidewall which results in a closer approximation to the real situation. ftn$/sp[*]$N.B.: In the strict sense the problem of the ledge is not a classical Stefan problem. The classical Stefan problem involves conduction on both sides of the interface. The ledge problem involves conduction on the side and convection on the other.
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43

Tate, Stephen A. "The modifier protein of formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67109/.

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Stirling & Dalton (1978) isolated a formaldehyde dehydrogenase (mFDH) from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) which required a small heat stable component for the catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation to occur. The mFDH was purified and shown to be a dimer of 57kDa subunits. The heat stable component was purified and shown to modify the function of FDH and was therefore termed a modifier protein (protein F) (Millet et. al., unpublished). In this study purification procedures for protein F and mFDH are described. The N-terminal sequence of purified mFDH and protein Fare described and data are presented which indicates that mFDH is a tetramer of 63 kDa subunits. It was known that protein F altered the function of mFDH from a specific FDH to a general aldehyde dehydrogenase. The data presented in this study demonstrate that only formaldehyde oxidation is catalysed in the presence of protein F and in its absence fonnaldehyde oxidation can not be detected. The data also show that the oxidation of a range of aldehydes and alcohols are catalysed by mFDH in the absence of protein F. The data demonstrate that formaldehyde association to mFDH is cooperative resulting in a sigmoidal plot for rate vs. formaldehyde concentration while acetaldehyde oxidation follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Data are also presented which demonstrate that protein F may induce a conformational change in mFDH which allows formaldehyde oxidation catalysis to occur and inhibits the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The data also show that protein F has limited effects on other dehydrogenase enzymes. An enzyme whose activity is altered by protein F was identified in a commercial sample of calf liver glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and this was purified and shown not to be GDH. Also described is the characterisation of a second NAD+linked FDH (nFDH) isolated from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) which does not require a modifier protein. From the data presented it is proposed that the function of mFDH may be to aid in reducing toxic formaldehyde concentrations in the organism and the role of the nFDH could be the generation of NADH for methane and carbon assimilation.
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Zietsman, Johannes Hendrik. "Interactions between freeze lining and slag bath in ilmenite smelting." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11052004-112700.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)(Metallurgical Engineering)--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Title from opening screen (viewed March 14, 2005). Summaries in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.
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45

Saldanha, Gláucio Barros. "Bioprospecção de um neoflavonoide sintético para tratamento de helmintíase- BATH." Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 2017. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25927.

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Os neoflavonoides compreendem compostos que possuem um esqueleto básico de carbono (C6-C3-C6) e que podem ser sintetizados ou ser encontrado naturalmente em plantas superiores como das famílias Clusiaceae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae e Rutaceae. Os neoflavonoides têm atraído grande interesse devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas e bioquímicas apresentadas em estudos in vitro e in vivo. Em relação às doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs), os neoflavonoides demonstraram ser promissoras moléculas bioativas no tratamento da leishimaniose, tripanossomose americana e malária. Sendo assim, estudos adicionais são necessários para dar uma maior ênfase a sua ação farmacológica em outras doenças negligenciadas como a causada por vermes do gênero Schistosoma. Neste contexto farmacológico, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial quimioterapêutico do composto 7-acetoxi-4-aril-3,4-di-hidrocumarina, classificado como neoflavonoide, em um modelo experimental contra o Schistosoma mansoni. Além do estudo do potencial antiprotozoário, estudos não clínicos de segurança farmacológica foram realizados pela avaliação da toxicidade em dose única (14 dias) e em doses repetidas (28 dias) em camundongos Swiss fêmeas. O perfil de toxicidade aguda (300 e 2000 mg/kg) e em doses repetidas (250, 500 e 1000 mg/kg) foram realizados em camundongos Swiss fêmeas de acordo com a diretriz 423 e 407 da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OECD), respectivamente, pelos parâmetros relacionados às alterações do peso corporal, consumo de alimento e água, parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. Na avaliação farmacológica do 7-acetoxi-4-aril-3,4-di-hidrocumarina (6,25, 12,5, 25, 50 e 100 μg/mL) contra o S. mansoni, os parâmetros analisados foram a taxa de mortalidade, redução na atividade motora, número de ovos e alterações tegumentares. De acordo com experimentos realizados, foi demonstrado que o 7-acetoxi-4-aril-3,4-di-hidrocumarina a partir da concentração de 12.5 μg/mL induziu a mortalidade dos vermes S. mansoni, redução na atividade motora, mudanças na morfologia tegumentar e inibição na produção de ovos pela separação de todos os casais de vermes adultos tratados. A capacidade do 7-acetoxi-4-aril-3,4- di-hidrocumarina de manter os vermes adultos machos e fêmeas separados demonstra ser a principal justificativa para elevada redução na oviposição de S. mansoni. Além da atividade quimioterapêutico, os resultados da toxicidade aguda e em doses repetidas de 7-acetoxi-4-aril- 3,4-di-hidrocumarina demonstraram ausência de sinais clínicos adversos (contorções abdominais, reflexo de endireitamento, irritabilidade, piloereção), mortalidade, alterações significativas no peso corporal e dos órgãos internos, consumo de alimento e água. Os parâmetros hematológicos (eritrócitos, plaquetas e leucócitos) e bioquímicos (glicose, ureia, creatinina, ácido úrico, alanina aminotrasaminase, aspartato aminotrasaminase, colesterol, triglicerídeos) também não apresentaram alterações significativas quando comparado com os grupos controles dos estudos de toxicidade em dose única (aguda) e em doses repetidas. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram atividade anti-helmíntica do 7- acetoxi-4-aril-3,4-di-hidrocumarina e fornecem uma importante compreensão do perfil de toxicidade deste neoflavonoide, no qual pode ser considerado como sendo um composto com toxicidade superior a 2000 mg/kg em camundongos Swiss fêmeas.
The neoflavonoid group comprise compounds that have a basic carbon skeleton (C6-C3-C6) and that can be synthesized or be naturally found in families of higher plants such as the Clusiaceae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae and Rutaceae families. Neoflavonoids have attracted great interest because of their pharmacological and biochemical properties presented in the in vitro and in vivo studies. In relation to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), the neoflavonoids have been shown to be promising bioactive molecules in the treatment of leishmaniasis, American trypanosomiasis and malaria. Thus, additional studies are needed to give greater emphasis to their pharmacological action in other neglected diseases such as that caused by worms of Schistosoma genus. In this pharmacological context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemotherapeutic potential of the 7-acetoxy-4-aryl-3,4- dihydrocoumarin, classified as neoflavonoid, using an experimental model against Schistosoma mansoni. In addition to study the antiprotozoal potential, non-clinical pharmacological safety studies were performed by evaluating single dose (14 days) and repeated doses (28 days) toxicity in female Swiss mice. The acute toxicity profile (300 and 2000 mg/kg) and repeated doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg / kg) were performed in female Swiss mice according to guidelines 423 and 407 of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), respectively, by the parameters related to changes in body weight, food and water consumption, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters. In the pharmacological evaluation of 7-acetoxy-4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) against S. mansoni, the parameters analyzed were the mortality rate, reduction in motor activity, number of eggs and tegumentary changes. According to experiments performed, it was demonstrated that the 7-acetoxy-4-aryl-3,4- dihydrocoumarin from the concentration of 12.5 μg/mL induced the mortality of S. mansoni worms, the reduction in motor activity and, changes in tegumentary morphology and inhibition in egg production by separation of all couples of adult worms treated. The capacity of 7-acetoxy-4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin to maintain separate male and female adult worms is shown to be the main justification for high reduction in S. mansoni oviposition. In addition to chemotherapeutic activity, the results of acute toxicity and repeated doses of 7-acetoxy-4- aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin demonstrated no clinical adverse symptoms (abdominal contortions, righting reflex, irritability, piloerection), mortality, significant changes in body weight and internal organs, food and water consumption. The hematological parameters (analysis of erythrocyte, platelets and leukocytes) and biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, and triglycerides) also showed no significant changes when compared to the control groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated in vitro anthelmintic activity of 7- acetoxy-4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin and provide an important understanding of the toxicity profile of this neoflavonoid, in which it can be considered as a compound with toxicity greater than 2000 mg/kg in female Swiss mice.
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46

Kim, Dongkeon. "A Public Bath in Alexandria, Virginia: Body, Water, and Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35044.

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This thesis investigation and design project were driven by the desire to develop and understand how body relates nature through tectonic objects. I explore how body reacts to different thermal and moisture condition from architectural elements in order to examine the relationship between body and objects. Any physical form will be meaningless if it cannot transmit the presence of nature and cosmos by way of image and totality of experience into the human habitation with concrete objects. Furthermore, when the body perceives the cosmos through tangible objects then those objects become significant life form. Through the process of experience on different types of water treatment, it reveals the way of transforming and communicating between invisible sense in body and tangible substance in cosmos. The bathhouse design is a record of the process that exposes the connections between human perception and universal materiality through tectonic objects.
Master of Architecture
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47

Bengel, Karen A. "Sensual Architecture: Project for a Thermal Bath at Warm Springs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34590.

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This thesis investigation an project design were driven by the desire to develop an understanding of how architecture addresses the senses. Guided by the practice of a craft, the vestige of art, architectural history and precedent, and the physiology of the five senses, an idea for a thermal bath was expressed through material. This book is a record of that process.
Master of Architecture
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48

Urgessa, Zelalem Nigussa. "Growth and characterization of ZnO nanorods using chemical bath deposition." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021124.

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Semiconductor devices are commonplace in every household. One application of semiconductors in particular, namely solid state lighting technology, is destined for a bright future. To this end, ZnO nanostructures have gained substantial interest in the research community, in part because of its requisite large direct band gap. Furthermore, the stability of the exciton (binding energy 60 meV) in this material, can lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination and possibly exciton interaction, even above room temperature. Therefore, it is very important to realize controllable growth of ZnO nanostructures and investigate their properties. The main motivation for this thesis is not only to successfully realize the controllable growth of ZnO nanorods, but also to investigate the structure, optical and electrical properties in detail by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy (steady state and time resolved) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, strong rectification in the ZnO/p-Si heterojunction is demonstrated. Nanorods have been successfully synthesized on silicon by a two-step process, involving the pre-coating of the substrate by a seed layer, followed by the chemical bath deposition of the nanorods. ZnO seed layers with particle sizes of about 5 nm are achieved by the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dihydrate dissolved in ethanol. The effects of the seed layer density on the distribution, alignment and uniformity of subsequently grown nanorods were studied. The aspect ratio, orientation and distribution of nanorods are shown to be well controlled through adjusting the density of the ZnO nanoparticles pre-coated onto the substrates. It is shown that the seed layer is a prerequisite for the growth of well aligned ZnO nanorods on lattice mismatched Si substrate. The influence of various nanorod growth parameters on the morphology, optical and electrical properties of the nanorods were also systematically studied. These include the oxygen to zinc molar ratio, the pH of the growth solution, the concentration of the reactants, the growth temperature and growth time, different hydroxide precursors and the addition of surface passivating agents to the growth solution. By controlling these xii parameters different architectures of nanostructures, like spherical particles, well aligned nanorods, nanoflowers and thin films of different thicknesses are demonstrated. A possible growth mechanism for ZnO nanostructures in solution is proposed. XRD indicated that all the as-grown nanostructures produced above 45 C crystallize in the wurtzite structure and post growth annealing does not significantly enhance the crystalline quality of the material. In material grown at lower temperature, traces of zinc hydroxide were observed. The optical quality of the nanostructures was investigated using both steady-state PL and time-resolved (TR) PL from 4 K to room temperature. In the case of as-grown samples, both UV and defect related emissions have been observed for all nanostructures. The effect of post-growth annealing on the optical quality of the nanostructures was carefully examined. The effect of annealing in different atmospheres was also investigated. Regardless of the annealing environment annealing at a temperature as low as 300 C enhances the UV emission and suppresses defect related deep level emission. However, annealing above 500 C is required to out-diffuse hydrogen, the presence of which is deduced from the I4 line in the low temperature PL spectra of ZnO. TRPL was utilized to investigate lifetime decay profiles of nanorods upon different post growth treatments. The bound exciton lifetime strongly depends on the post-growth annealing temperature: the PL decay time is much faster for as grown rods, confirming the domination of surface assisted recombination. In general, the PL analysis showed that the PL of nanorods have the same characteristics as that of bulk ZnO, except for the stronger contribution from surface related bound excitons in the former case. Surface adsorbed impurities causing depletion and band bending in the near surface region is implied from both time resolved and steady state PL. Finally, although strong rectification in the ZnO/p-Si heterojunction is illustrated, no electroluminescence has been achieved. This is explained in terms of the band offset between ZnO and Si and interfacial states. Different schemes are proposed to improve the performance of ZnO/Si heterojunction light emitting devices.
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49

Offutt, Christina. "Floating Bath Houses: Public Health and Recreation for the Working Class in Nineteenth-century New Orleans." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1178.

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One seemingly lost aspect of working-class life in antebellum New Orleans stems from the effort of entrepreneurs to provide bathing and swimming facilities for the city's working poor. In exchange for a relatively inexpensive fee per use, working-class New Orleanians served as the customer base for “floating pools” moored along the Mississippi riverfront. Beginning in 1836, these pools represented a transitional phase between the long extant tradition of bathing and swimming for free in the river and the development of commercialized, waterfront pleasure resorts for the masses in the late 1800s. Close proximity of working class neighborhoods to the river allowed New Orleans entrepreneurs to capitalize on restrictions city official began to place on bathing in the river. The floating pools represented an early stage in the commercialization of recreation as well as public hygiene.
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50

Johnson, Norma E. "The Effects of Three Different Ice Bath Immersion Times on Numbness (Sensation of Pressure), Surface Temperature, and Perceived Pain." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd537.pdf.

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