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Journal articles on the topic 'Bath bath'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Larson, Elaine L., Theresa Ciliberti, Christopher Chantler, Jolly Abraham, Editha M. Lazaro, Majella Venturanza, and Preeti Pancholi. "Comparison of Traditional and Disposable Bed Baths in Critically Ill Patients." American Journal of Critical Care 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2004.13.3.235.

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• Background For bedridden patients unable to perform personal hygiene measures because of acute illness or chronic debilitation, the bed bath, with either the traditional basin or, more recently, disposable baths, has long been a measure for improving hygiene and comfort. • Objective To compare the traditional basin bed bath with a prepackaged disposable bed bath in terms of 4 outcomes: time and quality of bath, microbial counts on the skin, nurses’ satisfaction, and costs. • Methods Forty patients in surgical, medical, or cardiothoracic intensive care units received both types of bath on different days. Baths were observed, timed, and scored for quality. Cultures of the periumbilicus and groin were obtained before and after each bath. At the end of the study, nurses were interviewed about their preferences. • Results Neither total quality scores nor microbial counts differed significantly between the 2 bath types. Significantly fewer products (P < .001) and less time were used, cost was lower, and nurses’ ratings were significantly better with the disposable bath. • Conclusion The disposable bath is a desirable form of bathing for patients who are unable to bathe themselves in critical care and long-term care settings, and it may even be preferable to the traditional basin bath.

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2

Saternus, Mariola, and Henryk Kania. "Effect of Mg on the Formation of Periodic Layered Structure during Double Batch Hot Dip Process in Zn-Al Bath." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051259.

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The article presents the results of studies on the influence of Mg on the formation of the periodic layered structure of the Zn-AlMg coatings. These coatings were produced by the double batch hot dip method in a Zn bath and then in a Zn-Al(Mg) bath with a content of 15, 23, 31 wt.% Al and 3, 6 wt.% Mg. The microstructure of the coatings (OM, SEM) was revealed and the phase composition (XRD) obtained in two-component Zn-Al baths and Zn-AlMg baths were determined. The periodic layered structure was found to consist of alternating FeAl3 phase layers and a bath alloy (Zn + Al + Mg). Moreover, it was observed that the addition of 3 wt.% Mg reduces the thickness of the coating in baths containing 23 and 31 wt.% Al. However, the addition of 6 wt.% Mg causes complete disappearance of periodic layered structure in a bath with 23 wt.% Al. In a bath with a content of 31 wt.% Al the addition of 6 wt.% Mg creates a compact layer consisting of the FeAl3 phase containing the precipitation of the MgZn2 phase and Fe2Al5 phase. Such a structure of the coating transition layer limits the growth of the periodic layered structure in the coating.

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3

Mosonyi, Attila, Attila Lengyel, and Anetta Müller. "Branding potential of spas in the Northern Plain and the Mid-Transdanubian Regions." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 4-5 (December 30, 2013): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/4-5/13.

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Based on both primary and secondary research in our article we examined the brand elements of the main baths of the NorthernPlain Region (Szolnok Liget Thermal and Experience Bath, Nyiregyháza Aquarius Experience Bath, a Hajdúszoboszló Hungarospa Plc. and the Debrecen Aquaticum Mediterranean Experience bath ) and the Mid-Transdanubian Region (Komárom Medical bath, Agárd Thermal and Medical Bath, Pápa Castle Garden Bath) and worked out their brand systems. We also examined and analysed the possibilities and process of branding. According to their brand elements we established three categories for the baths: Established brands, Developing brands and Brandable baths.

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4

Kania, Henryk, Jacek Mendala, Jarosław Kozuba, and Mariola Saternus. "Development of Bath Chemical Composition for Batch Hot-Dip Galvanizing—A Review." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184168.

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Obtaining zinc coatings by the batch hot-dip galvanizing process currently represents one of the most effective and economical methods of protecting steel products and structures against corrosion. The batch hot-dip galvanizing process has been used for over 150 years, but for several decades, there has been a dynamic development of this technology, the purpose of which is to improve the efficiency of zinc use and reduce its consumption and improve the quality of the coating. The appropriate selection of the chemical composition of the galvanizing bath enables us to control the reactivity of steel, improve the drainage of liquid zinc from the product surface, and reduce the amount of waste, which directly affects the quality of the coating and the technology of the galvanizing process. For this purpose, the effect of many alloying additives to the zinc bath on the structure and thickness of the coating was tested. The article reviews the influence of various elements introduced into the bath individually and in different configurations, discusses the positive and negative effects of their influence on the galvanizing process. The current development in the field of the chemical composition of galvanizing baths is also presented and the best-used solutions for the selection and management of the chemical composition of the bath are indicated.

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5

Pearson, Christie. "Restorative Bath Waters: Bath Spa, Bath, England." Senses and Society 1, no. 3 (November 2006): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/174589206778476261.

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6

Conn, Harold O. "Bath is a bath is a bath." Hepatology 6, no. 4 (July 1986): 756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840060441.

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7

Gottesman, Lester. "Sitz Baths, Bath Tubs, and Plastic." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 61, no. 10 (October 2018): e367-e368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000001195.

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8

LIANG, BAO-LONG, JI-SUO WANG, XIANG-GUO MENG, and QIN-YING YANG. "DECOHERENCE DYNAMICS OF A FLUX QUBIT RESPECTIVELY COUPLED TO A BOSON BATH AND A SPIN BATH." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 24 (September 11, 2013): 1350134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501348.

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In this paper, we investigate the dynamical evolution and the decoherence of a single flux qubit due to its coupling with the external environment bath. We consider two typical baths: boson bath and spin bath. It is shown that, at low but finite temperature, if the two typical baths have smooth and continuous spectrum, the dynamics of the system is in general non-Markovian though of finite memory time. Most important of all, affected by the external environment bath, the flux qubit exhibits resonance of the coherence of the qubit. Comparing with the spin bath, the boson bath's destruction of the coherence is more serious.

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9

Tian, Liang Liang, and Yong Yao Su. "Different Electrodeposition Behaviors of Ni-Co Binary Coatings in Sulphate and Chloride Baths." Applied Mechanics and Materials 327 (June 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.327.44.

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Ni-Co binary coatings with different compositions were electrodeposited from sulphate and chloride baths at room temperature without stirring, respectively. The different codeposition behaviors of the coatings deposited from sulphate and chloride with the same mole ratio of Ni2+/Co2+were studied and anomalous codeposition was investigated in both the sulphate and chloride baths. The Co atom content in the coatings deposited from chloride bath and sulphate bath increases with the mole ratio of Co2+/Ni2+in the baths increasing. The degree of anomalous codeposition in the sulphate bath is higher than that in chloride bath and the possible explanation was discussed. The difference of magnetic properties was also investigated.

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10

YANAR, Ayşem, Feryal SÖYLEMEZOĞLU, Zeynep ERDOĞAN, and Özlen ÖZGEN. "PRESERVATION OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE: SAMPLE OF TURKISH BATH." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/001.

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Since the "Turkish bath" is an important symbol of a living and cultural wealth that has been passed down through generations, it is an important example in terms of preserving and maintaining both tangible and intangible cultural heritage together. The aim of the study is to reveal the spatial, functional, and traditional features of the Turkish bath in the concrete and intangible cultural context and to examine the objects of Turkish bath in detail. In the study, it was also aimed to evaluate the baths with historical value and converted into museums in the context of tangible cultural heritage. The method of his study is a descriptive survey model based on reviewing the literature on the cultural heritage and Turkish bath culture. The literature findings are supported with visual materials that highlight the characteristics of Turkish bath objects and reflect the Turkish bath museums, as well as the spatial, functional, and traditional properties of Turkish baths. In the conclusion section of the study, the importance of making efforts to keep the tradition of the Turkish bath alive and to maintain the functions of the historical baths located in almost every city of Anatolia where there is tangible and intangible cultural heritage are mentioned. In cases where this is not possible, it was emphasized that turning historical baths into museums and preventing their disappearance should be seen as a solution at least in terms of protecting the tangible cultural heritage.

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11

YANAR, Ayşem, Feryal SÖYLEMEZOĞLU, Zeynep ERDOĞAN, and Özlen ÖZGEN. "PRESERVATION OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE: SAMPLE OF TURKISH BATH." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/001.

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Since the "Turkish bath" is an important symbol of a living and cultural wealth that has been passed down through generations, it is an important example in terms of preserving and maintaining both tangible and intangible cultural heritage together. The aim of the study is to reveal the spatial, functional, and traditional features of the Turkish bath in the concrete and intangible cultural context and to examine the objects of Turkish bath in detail. In the study, it was also aimed to evaluate the baths with historical value and converted into museums in the context of tangible cultural heritage. The method of his study is a descriptive survey model based on reviewing the literature on the cultural heritage and Turkish bath culture. The literature findings are supported with visual materials that highlight the characteristics of Turkish bath objects and reflect the Turkish bath museums, as well as the spatial, functional, and traditional properties of Turkish baths. In the conclusion section of the study, the importance of making efforts to keep the tradition of the Turkish bath alive and to maintain the functions of the historical baths located in almost every city of Anatolia where there is tangible and intangible cultural heritage are mentioned. In cases where this is not possible, it was emphasized that turning historical baths into museums and preventing their disappearance should be seen as a solution at least in terms of protecting the tangible cultural heritage.

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12

YANAR, Ayşem, Feryal SÖYLEMEZOĞLU, Zeynep ERDOĞAN, and Özlen ÖZGEN. "PRESERVATION OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE: SAMPLE OF TURKISH BATH." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/001.

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Since the "Turkish bath" is an important symbol of a living and cultural wealth that has been passed down through generations, it is an important example in terms of preserving and maintaining both tangible and intangible cultural heritage together. The aim of the study is to reveal the spatial, functional, and traditional features of the Turkish bath in the concrete and intangible cultural context and to examine the objects of Turkish bath in detail. In the study, it was also aimed to evaluate the baths with historical value and converted into museums in the context of tangible cultural heritage. The method of his study is a descriptive survey model based on reviewing the literature on the cultural heritage and Turkish bath culture. The literature findings are supported with visual materials that highlight the characteristics of Turkish bath objects and reflect the Turkish bath museums, as well as the spatial, functional, and traditional properties of Turkish baths. In the conclusion section of the study, the importance of making efforts to keep the tradition of the Turkish bath alive and to maintain the functions of the historical baths located in almost every city of Anatolia where there is tangible and intangible cultural heritage are mentioned. In cases where this is not possible, it was emphasized that turning historical baths into museums and preventing their disappearance should be seen as a solution at least in terms of protecting the tangible cultural heritage.

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13

Kania, Henryk. "The Structure of Coatings Obtained in the Zn-31Al-3Mg Bath on High-Silicon Steel." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.101.

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Coatings obtained in Zn-Al-Mg baths on steel plates by using the continuous method provide effective protection against corrosion. They have greater corrosion resistance than traditional zinc coatings. Even though Zn-Al-Mg coatings have many advantages, they are not made on galvanized products by use of the batch hot dip method. For products galvanized by use of the batch hot dip method coating growth mainly depends on the content of silicon in the steel. An increase in coating thickness is particularly intense in the case of high-silicon steel. In the paper the results of tests on obtaining Zn-Al-Mg coatings on high-silicon steel by use of the batch hot dip method have been presented. The growth kinetics of coatings obtained in the Zn-31Al-3Mg bath on steel with Si content of 0.27% has been defined. The structure has been developed and the chemical composition of particular structural components of the coating has be established. It has been determined that coatings obtained in the Zn-31Al-3Mg bath are continuous and they have uniform thickness. The structure of the coating is compact and the chemical composition points to the presence of phases of the Fe-Al system. The presence of silicon in the steel limits steel reactivity in the tested bath. The course of growth kinetics of the coating is close to parabolic.

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14

Lochyński, Paweł, S. Charazińska, E. Łyczkowska-Widłak, A. Sikora, and M. Karczewski. "Electrochemical Reduction of Industrial Baths Used for Electropolishing of Stainless Steel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8197202.

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Long-term exploitation of industrial electropolishing baths may contribute to the emergence of surface defects and may limit the range of applicable current densities. Due to this, extending the time of use of industrial baths is a major challenge. The application of electrochemical reduction in the process of reduction industrial baths enabled to reduce its contamination and, as a result, to enhance the surface quality of electropolished samples of grade 304 stainless steel. The contamination influence of the electropolishing bath on such parameters of the electropolished samples as roughness, gloss, mass reduction, and corrosion resistance was compared. The conducted tests included reduction of the contaminated industrial bath with use of cathodic reduction and monitoring of bath contamination with use of emission spectrometry ICP-OES. Potentiodynamic tests in 0.5 M chlorine environment with the aim to determine the influence of electrochemical reduction of the plating bath on surface resistance demonstrated that the pitting corrosion resistance of samples electropolished in a bath after reduction was reduced by approximately 0.1 V in comparison with samples electropolished before reduction. The calculations conducted for 24 corrosion resistance measurements demonstrated that differences between the results were significant. Bath reduction leads to improved roughness and gloss, even by approximately 500 GU (gloss units). At the same time, mass reduction decreases even by 13% in comparison with the process conducted in the bath before reduction. This may have a positive influence by slowing down the bath contamination process and, as a result, it reduces negative environmental impact. Another argument that supports the reduction of industrial baths is slowing down the process of cathode contamination during the electropolishing process. In industrial conditions, this may extend the possibility to conduct the process without the need for cathode reduction or replacement.

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15

GUPTA, PRIYANKA, D. D. SHIVAGAN, DINESH K. PANDYA, SUBHASH C. KASHYAP, and SUJEET CHAUDHARY. "STUDIES ON ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOMETRIC Co/Cu MULTILAYERS." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 04n05 (August 2006): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x0600470x.

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Co/Cu multilayers were electrodeposited in potentiostatic mode, using two different sulphate baths, one without any additive and other containing trisodium citrate. Deposition parameters, like deposition potential and deposition time, were established for both the baths by carrying out a series of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric experiments. Thin films, having 2–20 bilayers, were electrodeposited under the established parameters. It was observed that films deposited from bath containing trisodium citrate were comparatively much smoother than films deposited from additive free bath. The films with 20 bilayers, deposited from additive free bath, exhibited a room temperature magnetoresistance of 1.5% at 9 kG, whereas magnetoresistance value enhanced to up to 5.6% at 9 kG for films deposited from trisodium citrate bath for same number of bilayers.

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16

Zhang, Jian-Song. "Quantum synchronization and correlations of two qutrits in a non-Markovian bath." International Journal of Quantum Information 18, no. 03 (April 2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749920500057.

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We investigate quantum synchronization and correlations of two qutrits in one non-Markovian environment using the hierarchy equation method. There is no direct interaction between two qutrits and each qutrit interacts with the same non-Markovian environment. The influence of the temperature of the bath, correlation time and coupling strength between qutrits and bath on the quantum synchronization and correlations of two qutrits are studied without the Markovian, Born and rotating wave approximations. We also discuss the influence of dissipation and dephasing on the synchronization of two qutrits. In the presence of dissipation, the phase locking between two qutrits without any direct interaction can be achieved when each qutrit interacts with the common bath. Two qutrits within one common bath cannot be syncrhonized in the purely dephasing case. In addition, the Arnold tongue can be significantly broadened by decreasing the correlation time of two qutrits and bath. Markovian baths are more suitable for synchronizing qutrits than non-Markovian baths.

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17

Zhang, Ju Cheng, Yan Xia Li, Yi Zhang, Jun You Liu, and Jie Liu. "Corrosion Behaviour of a Fe-Based Alloy in Zn and Zn-55Al Baths." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1741.

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Corrosion behavior in Zn and Zn-55Al baths were investigated on a Fe-based alloy, which was design to apply to hot-dip production lines as the anti-corrosion alloy. The results reveal that the Fe-based alloy shows excellent corrosion resistance both in pure zinc bath and Zn-55Al bath. And the reaction rate and intermetallic phase formation vary in different bath. In pure zinc bath, the intermetallic phases form on the Fe-base alloy is chiefly Fe-Zn phases contains Γ, δ and ζ phases. In Zn-55Al bath, the Fe-based alloy is comprised of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 phases, and the outer layer is from bath itself. The more thickness the layer of Fe2Al5 phase, the more corrosion resistance of the alloy.

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18

Werpachowska, A. "Reduced Operator Approximation for Modelling Open Quantum Systems." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 22, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161215500080.

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We present the reduced operator approximation: a simple, physically transparent and computationally efficient method of modelling open quantum systems. It employs the Heisenberg picture of the quantum dynamics, which allows us to focus on the system degrees of freedom in a natural and easy way. We describe different variants of the method, low- and high-order in the system–bath interaction operators, defining them for either general quantum harmonic oscillator baths or specialising them for independent baths with Lorentzian spectral densities. Its wide applicability is demonstrated on the examples of systems coupled to different baths (with varying system–bath interaction strength and bath memory length), and compared with the exact pseudomode and the popular quantum state diffusion approach. The method captures the decoherence of the system interacting with the bath, while conserving the total energy. Our results suggest that quantum coherence effects persist in open quantum systems for much longer times than previously thought.

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19

WALTERS, RICHARD, STEPHEN R. CLARK, and DIETER JAKSCH. "DECOHERENCE OF A QUANTUM MEMORY COUPLED TO A COLLECTIVE SPIN BATH." International Journal of Quantum Information 08, no. 01n02 (February 2010): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749910005934.

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We study the quantum dynamics of a single qubit coupled to a bath of interacting spins as a model for decoherence in solid state quantum memories. The spin bath is described by the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model and the bath spins are subjected to a transverse magnetic field. We investigate the qubit interacting via either an Ising- or an XY-type coupling term to subsets of bath spins of differing size. The large degree of symmetry of the bath allows us to find parameter regimes where the initial qubit state is revived at well-defined times after the qubit preparation. These times may become independent of the bath size for large baths and thus enable faithful qubit storage even in the presence of strong coupling to a bath. We analyze a large range of parameters and identify those which are best suited for quantum memories. In general we find that a small number of links between qubit and bath spins leads to less decoherence and that systems with Ising coupling between qubit and bath spins are preferable.

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20

Saternus, Mariola, Agnieszka Fornalczyk, Henryk Kania, and Jacek Mendala. "Corrosion Resistance of ZnAlMg Alloys for Batch Hot Dip Galvanizing." Solid State Phenomena 246 (February 2016): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.246.99.

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In the paper the results of corrosion resistance tests on ZnAlMg alloys used as batch hot dip galvanizing baths are presented. The tests were carried out on ZnAl alloys with 7 wt.% Al with the addition of 3 wt.% and 6 wt.% Mg. Corrosion resistance of tested alloys was compared with corrosion resistance of the traditional zinc bath alloy. Corrosion resistance of the alloys was defined by comparative methods in two standard corrosion tests in neutral salt spray and in moist atmosphere containing SO2. Electrochemical parameters of the corrosion process were determined on the basis of potentiodynamic tests. It was determined that the alloy of ZnAl7 has better corrosion resistance than the corrosion resistance of the alloy of a traditional zinc bath and that the addition of Mg to the alloy increases the corrosion resistance.

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21

Chong, Curtis R. "Bath." JAMA Oncology 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.6132.

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22

HADAS, RACHEL. "Bath." Neurology Now 4, no. 3 (May 2008): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nnn.0000324761.19428.e3.

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23

Stevens, Robert J. "Bath." Prairie Schooner 86, no. 2 (2012): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2012.0049.

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24

Bajat, Jelena, Sanja Stevanovic, and Bojan Jokic. "Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Zn-Co alloys deposited from three different plating baths." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 11 (2011): 1537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110331137b.

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The effects of plating baths of different composition on the microstructure and corrosion stability of Zn-Co alloy coatings were studied. Zn-Co alloys with the same Co content were deposited from chloride plating baths containing different amounts of Co2+ ions, as well as from a sulphate-chloride plating bath. The surface morphology and crystallite size were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion stability of the Zn- Co alloys was determined by following the change of the open circuit potential with time of immersion in a 3 % NaCl solution and by polarization measurements. The results showed a significant influence of the plating bath on the morphology and corrosion stability of the Zn-Co alloys. The surface of the alloy coatings deposited from the chloride baths were uniform and homogenous, whereas the deposit obtained from the sulphate-chloride bath was quite inhomogeneous. The corrosion stability of the homogenous Zn-Co deposits obtained by deposition from both chloride baths was higher than that of the deposit obtained from the sulphate-chloride bath. An increase in the Co content in the chlorideplating bath resulted in a reduction of the alloy crystallite size and it was shown that the alloy with the smaller crystallites of the two alloy deposits, although having the same chemical content, exhibited a lower corrosion rate.

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25

Unruh, W. G. "Temperature of a decoherent oscillator with strong coupling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1975 (September 28, 2012): 4460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0495.

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The temperature of an oscillator coupled to the vacuum state of a heat bath via Ohmic coupling is non-zero, as measured by the reduced density matrix of the oscillator. This study shows that the actual temperature, as measured by a thermometer, is still zero (or, in the thermal state of the bath, the temperature of the bath). The decoherence temperature is due to ‘false-decoherence’, with a correlation between the oscillator and the heat bath causing the decoherence, but the heat baths state dragged along with the state of the oscillator.

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26

Sarangi, Chinmaya Kumar, Ayonbala Baral, Jayasmita Panigrahi, Kali Sanjay, Tondepu Subbaiah, and Barada Kanta Mishra. "Electro-Crystallization of Antimony from Acidic and Alkaline Baths in Diaphragm-Less Cell." Advanced Materials Research 828 (November 2013): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.828.65.

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Studies based on electrocrystallization of antimony were carried out to evaluate the effects of current density and antimony concentration in the electrolytic bath on cathodic current efficiency, energy consumption, and quality of the deposits during electrowinning of antimony from Sb2O3-HCl and Sb2S3-NaOH systems. In acidic bath, current efficiency for electrodeposition of antimony increases with the increase in current density till 150 A/m2, beyond which it follows a trend of gradual diminution. On varying antimony concentration in the bath, current efficiency was found to improve significantly and the optimum antimony concentration in Sb2O3-HCl system was evaluated to be about 60 g/L. In alkaline bath, current efficiency was observed to be maximum at 50 A/m2and further, with the increase in current density it progressively decreases. However, energy consumption for electrowinning of antimony in both of the baths gradually increases with the increase in current density. At a current density less than 150 A/m2, alkaline bath was found to be more current efficient in comparison to the acidic bath. Crystallographic studies by XRD, imaging by optical microscopic technique and morphological studies by SEM were also carried out to differentiate antimony deposits obtained from acidic and alkaline baths.

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27

Sánchez-Rosas, T. J., J. D. Muñoz-Andrade, M. Aguilar-Sánchez, B. Vargas-Arista, and E. Garfias-García. "Effect of the Metallic Aging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy." MRS Advances 2, no. 50 (2017): 2837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.520.

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ABSTRACTDifferent aging heat treatments were performed in a Titanium alloy using as aging media metallic baths in comparison to typical furnace aging. As a first step, a Duplex Aging (DA) consisted of solubilization followed by quenching to room temperature after aging heat treatment in different metallic baths (Zn, Sn and Bi). A second procedure was Alternative Aging (AA) which consisted of solubilization and direct aging inside three different aforementioned baths. Microstructural aging variations begins at half hour until 30 h at 550°C inside metallic bath of Zn, Sn or Bi. Both kinds of aging promoted a microstructural variation and so on microhardness values. Microstructural analysis by Optical Microscopy showed a structural refinement after AA treatment. The highest hardness value of 375 HVN was achieved in Alternative Aging with Zn bath, which was found to be dependent on laminar α phase refining. Moreover, after AA treatment for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 30 h at 550°C in the metallic bath of Zn and Sn, the results indicated similar hardness values in different times, resulting in the fastest kinetic for Sn metallic bath at 2 h compared to that 4 h in Zn metallic bath. The observed increase in micro-hardness is not very attractive, it is recommended to use large aging times in order to stabilize final spacing of microstructural features in AA treatment.

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28

MEHRIZI, SAEED, M. HYDARZADEH SOHI, and S. A. SEYYED EBRAHIMI. "MICROSTRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE COBALT-IRON-NICKEL THIN FILMS ELECTRODEPOSITED FROM CITRATE-FREE AND CITRATE-ADDED BATHS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 05 (January 2012): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512002668.

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The microstructures of nanocrystalline CoFeNi thin films in direct current electrodeposition, under various processing conditions, have comparatively been investigated. Morphological studies by SEM showed that CoFeNi films plated from the sodium citrate-added baths were more uniform and denser than those deposited from the conventional citrate-free baths. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed the anomalous behaviors in electrodeposition of CoFeNi films from both citrate-added and citrate-free baths. It was also noticed that addition of 10g/L sodium citrate in the bath strongly decreases the iron content and increases nickel contents of the deposit. Addition of citrate up to 50g/L in the bath has reverse effect on the film composition. Further addition of sodium citrate appears to have no or little effect on the film composition. Addition of sodium citrate to the bath has no significant affect on the cobalt content of the deposit. XRD analyses showed that all CoFeNi films were nanocrystalline and their average grain sizes, estimated by Scherrer formula, were below 80nm. It was also noticed that FCC and BCC phases could be co-deposited in electroplated CoFeNi films by controlling the bath composition and/or the plating conditions.

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Prasertsook, S., P. Saranan, N. Udomsree, and N. Sukachart. "NGV. Using to be Alternative Energy in Metal Melting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1118.

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This research used 20 kilograms crucible furnace to be experiment furnace. The furnace used NGV. to be fuel for aluminum melting while melting process melting time, melting temperature, pouring time and fuel consumption were recorded. The fuel consumption comparison between NGV. With LPG are one kilogram of aluminum used 0.35 kilogram of NGV or 3.92 Thai bath/kilogram (NGV .price 11 bath/kilogram) and one kilogram of aluminum used 0.25 kilogram of LPG or 4.53 Thai bath/kilograms (LPG.price 17.93Thai baht/kilogram)

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May, P. C., P. J. Morrison, and D. Hayward. "The Bath bike: son of Bath chair." BMJ 295, no. 6613 (December 19, 1987): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6613.1657-a.

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Hørdam, Britta, Rikke Volmer Brandsen, Troels Krarup Frandsen, Anikke Bing, Heidi Næsted Stuhaug, and Kim Petersen. "Nurse-assisted personal hygiene to older adults 65+ in home care setting." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 8, no. 2 (October 10, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n2p23.

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Background and objective: Assisting frail older adults in home care settings with personal hygiene is a daily nursing role. Both Nightingale and Henderson had in their approach to basic nursing focus on assisting patients in their need of nurse assisted bath. Since 1994 focus on using a new technology to patient in dependency of nurse-assisted bath was developed. A clinical study involving older adults in need of nurse-assisted bath was carried out in a public homecare setting. This study aimed to study and compare older adults’ attitudes, experiences and evaluation of using traditional bath with soap and water versus prepacked products to their personal hygiene.Methods: A number of 20 men and women participated in our research with focus on their daily need of nurse-assisted bath. The older adults had given a written consent. All participants were informed about the study verbally and in writing and they all agreed to participate and signed written informed consent forms. All data were handled confidentially, and the participants’ anonymity was assured. A clinical study was carried out. During three weeks, the older adults had nurse- assisted bath with soap and water two days followed by two days using prepacked was-cloths. The same nurse assisted the older adults all days, and they were interviewed before the research. Relevant data as age, gender, bath facilities at home, walking ability, dependency on help from others, contact to family/friends were collected. In the research period the older adults’ self-reported experiences with the two types of baths were registered. The nurses observed the baths with focus on the older adults’ attitude, satisfaction and experiences.Results and conclusions: The patients preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bath type. Pre-packed wash-cloths were overall preferred by the nurses.

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Martini and Yetti Anggraini. "PENGARUH SITZ BATH AIR HANGAT TERHADAP LAMA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PMB PONIRAH KOTA METRO." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 8, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v8i1.253.

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Background: Tearing a perineal wound during labor usually occurs so that the baby's head can be born quickly. Perineal wounds can be due to spontaneous tears or because of an episiotomy. The incidence of perineal rupturein PMB Ponirah as much as 69% 65% of mothers trip advisor perineal wounds. The impact of perineal rupture can cause pain. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm baths on the wounds experienced by postpartum mothers in PMB Ponirah Metro City District. Methods: This study is a pre-experimental quantitative study with the Static Group Comparison design. The large sample consisted of 30 people, consisting of 15 people as sizt bath and 15 people as not sizt bath. In this study used the Mann Whitney test. Results: The results of the study showed the average reserve of bath sitz on day 5 and there was no reserve for bathing sitz on the 7th day. The result of the effect is the effect of warm baths on the duration of perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. Conclusion: Sitz bath can accelerate wound healing and help with perineal pain. Keywords: Perineal pain, Perineal wound healing,Sitz bath

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Martini, Martini, and Yetti Anggraini. "PENGARUH SITZ BATH AIR HANGAT TERHADAP LAMA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PMB PONIRAH KOTA METRO." Media Ilmu Kesehata 8, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v8i1.365.

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Background: Tearing a perineal wound during labor usually occurs so that the baby's head can be born quickly. Perineal wounds can be due to spontaneous tears or because of an episiotomy. The incidence of perineal rupturein PMB Ponirah as much as 69% 65% of mothers trip advisor perineal wounds. The impact of perineal rupture can cause pain. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm baths on the wounds experienced by postpartum mothers in PMB Ponirah Metro City District. Methods: This study is a pre-experimental quantitative study with the Static Group Comparison design. The large sample consisted of 30 people, consisting of 15 people as sizt bath and 15 people as not sizt bath. In this study used the Mann Whitney test. Results: The results of the study showed the average reserve of bath sitz on day 5 and there was no reserve for bathing sitz on the 7th day. The result of the effect is the effect of warm baths on the duration of perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. Conclusion: Sitz bath can accelerate wound healing and help with perineal pain. Keywords: Perineal pain, Perineal wound healing,Sitz bath

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Abraham, Divya, Vinitha Ravindran, and Mercy Joseph. "Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine Bath, Saline Bath and Standard Bath on Skin Helath Status." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 8 (2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01945.4.

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BOUCHER, ANDREWR, RICHARDK MORRISS, and SIMONR MAYES. "An architectural analysis of the Hot Bath and Cross Bath, Bath, 1997–2003." Post-Medieval Archaeology 47, no. 1 (June 2013): 164–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0079423613z.00000000030.

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Silverman, Jen. "Bath 3 (Iowa City), and: Bath 4 (Kentucky), and: Bath 5 (New Hampshire)." Ploughshares 38, no. 4 (2012): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2012.0096.

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Gelbwaser-Klimovsky, D., N. Erez, R. Alicki, and G. Kurizki. "Can quantum control modify thermodynamic behavior?" Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0327.

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We review the effects of frequent, impulsive quantum nondemolition measurements of the energy of two-level systems, alias qubits, in contact with a thermal bath. The resulting entropy and temperature of the system subject to measurements at intervals below the bath memory (Markovianity) time are completely determined by the measurement rate. Namely, they are unrelated to what is expected by standard thermodynamical behavior that holds for Markovian baths. These anomalies allow for very fast control of heating, cooling, and state-purification (entropy reduction) of qubits, much sooner than their thermal equilibration time. We further show that frequent measurements may enable the extraction of work in a closed cycle from the system−bath interaction (correlation) energy, a hitherto unexploited work resource. They allow for work even if no information is gathered or the bath is at zero temperature, provided the cycle is within the bath memory time.

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Shen, Chung-Hua, and Chien-An Wang. "Do New Brooms Sweep Clean? Evidence that New CEOs Take a ‘Big Bath’ in the Banking Industry." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 106–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652719831543.

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This study investigates whether significant changes exist in providing loan losses and loan charge-offs during turnovers of chief executive officers (CEOs). Providing loan losses is referred to as a ‘big bath in earnings’, and providing loan charge-offs is referred to as a ‘big bath in asset quality’. We classify CEO turnovers into three types, namely, forced and voluntary CEO turnovers in privately owned banks (POB), turnovers in government-owned banks (GOB) and turnovers as outcomes of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Using findings based on the data of Taiwanese commercial banks, we demonstrate that the forcibly appointed CEOs exhibit big baths in earnings and asset quality, whereas the voluntarily appointed CEOs exhibit a big bath in earnings but not in asset quality. Compared with the CEO turnover in a POB, the appointed CEO in a GOB shows no big bath in either earnings or asset quality. Moreover, turnovers resulting from M&As do not induce big baths. JEL Classification: C23, G21, G28, M41, M48

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Bernhard, Tobias, Sebastian Zarwell, Edith Steinhäuser, Stefan Kempa, and Frank Brüning. "The effect of Cu target pad roughness on the growth mode and void formation in electroless Cu films." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000291.

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Abstract The effect of the Cu-target pad roughness on the growth mode of electroless Cu from two different Cu baths was investigated. Bath A having a cyanide based-, and bath B a non-cyanide based stabilizer system. Both baths are commonly used in the PCB-industry. In case of bath B two growth modes are observed for an average roughness higher than Ra=300 nm of the target pad. One mode is a copying of the subjacent Cu-substrate morphology, while the other mode forms spherical grains (Cu-nodules) mostly at the exposed sites of the substrate crystals. These Cu-nodules have typically a radius comparable to the plated electroless Cu thickness and contain a high density of nano voids at the base of these features. The related void formation seems relevant to weaken the overall Cu/Cu/Cu-interconnection in the blind micro via. Interestingly, the tendency to form nodules with increasing Cu-base roughness is widely suppressed for the cyanide based bath A, where the deposit is nodule free up to a target pad roughness of Ra=1000 nm.

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Kania, Henryk. "The Structure of Coatings Obtained in a ZnAl23Si Bath by the Batch Hot Dip Method." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.155.

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In the paper the results of tests on obtaining ZnAl23Si coatings on low-silicon steel by use of the batch hot dip method have been presented. The growth kinetics of coatings obtained in a ZnAl23 bath with the content of 1% and 2% of Si has been defined. The structure has been developed, the chemical composition of particular structural components of the coating and its phase composition have been established. It has been determined that coatings obtained in the ZnAl23Si bath are continuous and they have uniform thickness. The presence of silicon in the bath allows to reduce excessive coating thickness. The coating is composed of an external layer which is formed by the bath components and of a diffusion layer of the intermetallic FeAl3phase.

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Noll, Matthias, Michael Jäger, Leonie Lux, Christian Buettner, and Michaela Axt-Gadermann. "Improvement of Atopic Dermatitis by Synbiotic Baths." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030527.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread chronic inflammatory dermatologic disorder. This randomized, double-blind study aims to evaluate the effect of synbiotic baths with a defined mixture of six viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and prebiotics, without bacteria and prebiotics and placebo baths without prebiotics and bacteria to treat AD patients over a period of 14 days. Therefore, AD patients were randomly assigned into three groups using synbiotic (n = 7), prebiotics (n = 8) or placebo baths (n = 7). Severity of AD was evaluated over time by using severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) and by patient questionnaires. In addition, microbiome on eczematous skin surface was sampled by swaps from each patient before the bath treatment, and after 9, 11 and 14 days of bath treatment. Thereafter, nucleic acids were extracted and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified via PCR for subsequent amplicon sequencing. Results showed a significantly reduced SCORAD over time of AD patients after daily synbiotic or prebiotic baths. Moreover, AD patients after daily synbiotic baths had a significantly improved pruritus and skin dryness and their bacterial microbiome was enriched by LAB. Taken together, a synbiotic bath is a promising topical skin application to alleviate AD.

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Taylor, Lev. "Bath Houses." European Judaism 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2020.530115.

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While some philosophers have posited Judaism and Hellenism as opposites, interesting collaboration has always taken place in the liminal spaces between the two poles. In this article, I explore one such space: the bathhouse. I draw on two stories from different epochs and places: Rabban Gamliel’s interlocution with Proclus ben Philosophus in second-century Akko; and Rabbi Lionel Blue’s experience with Rabbi Dr Werner van der Zyl in twentieth-century Amsterdam. Based on these two stories, I argue that certain spaces allow for collaboration, wherein seemingly contrasting cultures can be reconciled. I focus particularly on how attitudes to minds and bodies are articulated through the prism of bathhouses.

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Tom, Emiliya K., and Vineeth Joseph. "Contrast Bath." International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 7, no. 3 (2019): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-2660.2019.00094.2.

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Van Haeringen, Alison. "Bath dodgers." Medical Journal of Australia 170, no. 2 (January 1999): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb126901.x.

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Green, Andrew. "Patricia Bath." Lancet 394, no. 10197 (August 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31684-8.

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Christman, Brian W. "Dust Bath." Annals of Internal Medicine 169, no. 10 (November 20, 2018): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m18-0371.

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Hughes, By Kathleen. "Bed Bath." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 114, no. 1 (January 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000441804.40807.82.

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Clark, Hilary. "Bed Bath." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 114, no. 4 (April 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000445667.05026.05.

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Johnson, Simon P. "Benedictine Bath." Downside Review 132, no. 466 (January 2014): 100–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001258061413246605.

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Johnson, Simon P. "Benedictine Bath." Downside Review 132, Centenary (February 2014): 100–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0012580614132cen04.

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