Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bâtiment intelligent'
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El, Hassar Sidi Mohamed Karim. "Conception d'un environnement de simulation intelligent. Application à la thermique du bâtiment." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523185.
Full textJnat, Khadija. "Bâtiment intelligent : Analyse et optimisation des dépenses d’énergie dans le logement social." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I060/document.
Full textThis work concerns the optimization of heating energy consumption in social housing.It is a part of a global approach to reduce energy consumption in social housing. It was realized within a collaboration between Lille University and Lille Métropole Habitat. The research is based on monitoring occupied dwellings to explore the possibilities of reducing energy consumption through control of the heating system and the implication of tenants. This thesis is composed of four parts. The first part includes a literature review concerning energy precarity in social housing and thermal regulations. The second part presents the social housing residence used in this research. It presents in details the monitoring system and the experimental protocol used to follow the comfort conditions in the residence. The third part presents analysis of temperature and relative humidity recorded in three apartments. Analysis shows an overheating during the heating period, which leads to important increase in the heating expenses. The last part presents thermal simulation using the software “Archiwizard”. It shows the calibration of the numerical model as well as an estimation in heating energy savings
Gallissot, Mathieu. "Modéliser le concept de confort dans un habitat intelligent : du multisensoriel au comportement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738342.
Full textMissaoui, Badreddine Rim. "Gestion Énergétique optimisée pour un bâtiment intelligent multi-sources multi-charges : différents principes de validations." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742941.
Full textBadreddine, Rim. "Gestion énergétique optimisée pour un bâtiment intelligent multi-sources multi-charges : différents principes de validations." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780209.
Full textItoua, Engoti Frank. "Réalisation d’une plate-forme pour l’optimisation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil appliqués au bâtiment intelligent." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0018/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the roll out of Wireless Sensor Network for the energetic monitoring of an existing building of the University. This work wil be incorporated in the framework of the smart building program of the University of Limoges. The work aims to optimize the architecture of a Zigbee network as well as data collection methods to minimize the energy consumption of the network's nodes. Methods based on the compressive sensing concepts will be investigated to reduce the number of nodes and to extend the lifetime of the nodes. Those methods will eventually be complemented with energy harvesting techniques
Marroquín, Cortez Roberto Enrique. "Context-aware intelligent video analysis for the management of smart buildings." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK040/document.
Full textTo date, computer vision systems are limited to extract digital data of what the cameras "see". However, the meaning of what they observe could be greatly enhanced by environment and human-skills knowledge.In this work, we propose a new approach to cross-fertilize computer vision with contextual information, based on semantic modelization defined by an expert.This approach extracts the knowledge from images and uses it to perform real-time reasoning according to the contextual information, events of interest and logic rules. The reasoning with image knowledge allows to overcome some problems of computer vision such as occlusion and missed detections and to offer services such as people guidance and people counting. The proposed approach is the first step to develop an "all-seeing" smart building that can automatically react according to its evolving information, i.e., a context-aware smart building.The proposed framework, named WiseNET, is an artificial intelligence (AI) that is in charge of taking decisions in a smart building (which can be extended to a group of buildings or even a smart city). This AI enables the communication between the building itself and its users to be achieved by using a language understandable by humans
Bourget-Mauger, Marie. "Diffusion et sens des objets connectés en architecture : attentes, représentations et réalités : le cas des environnements de bureaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2024/TH2024PESC2001.pdf.
Full textThe research in question explores the impact of connected objects in office environments, highlighting their principles of dissemination and their significance within architecture. Divided into three parts, this study first addresses the specificities of conducting a thesis in architecture through the CIFRE program within a company specialized in networks and telecommunications. This initial step allows for detailing the ecosystem of the financialized tertiary real estate sector, which frames the study.The second part explores the architectural and technical conditions of office buildings, revealing the underlying reasons for the integration of connected objects. These integrations, driven by the obsolescence of traditional technical management methods (Building Management Systems), respond to technical, economic, ecological, and legislative considerations. The variety of factors encouraging this integration demonstrates the significant impact of connected objects on the design, operation, and valuation of office buildings.The third part examines the narratives and representations that construct the myth of the Smart Building. This positive myth contributes to the dissemination of connected buildings, especially since the 2019 health crisis. This final section also addresses the risks associated with the systematic integration of connected objects in architecture, such as infringements on individual liberties and environmental implications due to excessive digital usage. Thus, the research advocates the imperative for the architectural discipline to engage in the study of connected buildings.This thesis defends four hypotheses. The first hypothesis presents the Smart Building as the realization of the chimera of intelligent buildings stemming from cybernetic discourse, promoting a flexible, self-adaptive, and autonomous architecture. Connected objects play a key role in this quest for intelligence. The second hypothesis emerges from their integration, introducing the principles of object indeterminacy and ecology, underscoring the need to consider the ecological impact of building technical systems. The third hypothesis challenges the traditional conception of architecture as a static entity, redefining it as real estate focused on services. Indeed, the study centered on office environments highlights that the integration of connected objects aims to create service-oriented buildings, also termed service buildings. Lastly, the fourth hypothesis maintains that the connected building represents a paradoxical intersection between ecological and economic concerns. In conclusion, this research provides an in-depth insight into the impact of connected objects on the architecture of office environments, exploring their dissemination principles and highlighting the risks and opportunities associated with this evolution
Meyer, Pierre-Jean. "Invariance and symbolic control of cooperative systems for temperature regulation in intelligent buildings." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT076/document.
Full textThis thesis provides new control strategies that deal with the heterogeneous and nonlinear dynamics describing the temperature regulation in buildings to obtain a tradeoff between comfort and energy efficiency. We thus focus on the robust control of cooperative systems with bounded disturbances. We first solve this problem with the notion of robust controlled invariant interval, which describes a set where the state can be maintained for any value of the disturbances. A second approach provides dedicated symbolic methods to synthesize a discrete controller on a finite abstraction of the system, realizing safety specifications combined with a performance optimization. We first present a centralized symbolic method using the system dynamics provided by the physical model. To address its limitation in terms of scalability, a compositional approach is considered, where the symbolic abstraction and synthesis methods are applied to partial descriptions of the system under the assume-guarantee obligation that the safety specification is realized for all uncontrolled states. In the final part, the proposed controllers are combined and evaluated on the temperature regulation for an experimental building equipped with UnderFloor Air Distribution
Ferjaoui, Oswa. "Technologies numériques et gouvernance participative : les acteurs publics et les acteurs privés du bâtiment à l'épreuve des villes intelligentes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2020.
Full textIn the current context of rapid urbanization and increased digitization, contemporary cities are facing the urgent need to adapt to various major transformations. The adoption of Smart Cities (SC) strategies emerges as an indispensable response to these challenges. In this context, participatory governance is one of the strategic options favored by many cities to facilitate their transformation into SCs and is now at the heart of political discourse and numerous multidisciplinary research efforts.However, despite the abundance of literature on this subject, the complexity inherent in managing the organizational forms characteristic of participatory governance remains an underexplored area. This complexity is even more pronounced in the construction sector in France, which involves a heterogeneous group of private and public actors with different cultures and skills.Our doctoral research is positioned within this perspective, aiming to characterize, particularly from an info-communicational viewpoint, the practical implementation of participatory governance in the construction of today's intelligent buildings. More specifically, our research focuses on the interaction between public and private actors involved in this sector. Thus, the problem structuring this work allows us to understand the management of organizational forms during the construction phases of so-called intelligent buildings. Regarding our epistemological stance, it is based on an interpretivist posture combined with an abductive approach, typically marked by back-and-forth movements between theory and the field. Theoretically, we have undertaken a comprehensive literature review on our two key concepts: participatory governance and SCs. Two resources have been identified as essential for establishing effective participatory governance, namely human capital and digital technologies, which can themselves be studied through two specific dimensions: relational and informational.The relational dimension relies on the ability of human capital to establish constructive relationships. The informational dimension, on the other hand, is translated by the use of technological tools that must facilitate communication and the exchange of information. Recent research has highlighted an essential aspect of a city's intelligence, namely the ability of its human capital to prioritize the use of digital technologies (and innovations). However, it is important to note that these innovations can have multiple impacts, which influence their social acceptability. In this light, a crucial conclusion emerged from our research: the informational and relational dimensions are essential and interdependent for establishing effective participatory governance. In this regard, our study identifies three distinct contexts for qualifying participatory governance in the building sector. Firstly, a highly favorable context, characterized by particular attention to both informational and relational dimensions. Secondly, a moderately favorable context, where significant emphasis is placed on one of these dimensions. Lastly, a weakly favorable context where neither dimension is fully considered.Following these findings, we implemented data collection through semi-structured interviews with various actors involved in the realization of major urban projects in a governance participatory framework. This was complemented by an illustration on another French site related to the AMI Ville durable 2030 initiative in Nice. The goal of our empirical approach was to analyze the reality of participatory governance during all phases of urban project construction.In conclusion, our empirical results are grounded in explanations derived from three theories: stakeholder theory, resource theory, and the diffusion of innovations. They thus highlight the challenges and discrepancies that persist in the field of "intelligent" urban development in France
Nguyen, Nhat Hai. "Développement de méthodes intelligentes pour la gestion énergétique des bâtiments, utilisant des capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT080/document.
Full textLoad management in an active and intelligent way is one of the major concerns of distributionsystems operators, suppliers and consumers of energy, particularly in the context of the smart-gridproject.The aim of this thesis is to develop and implement a real-time energy management systembased on wireless sensor networks in buildings (residential and tertiary sector). The methods of loadmanagement have been developed to minimize peak demand, maintain thermal comfort, andminimize the cost of consumption. A concept of real-time load management using a wireless sensornetwork has been proposed, based on the ZigBee communication standard. Demonstrators ofadaptive control of heating and air conditioning and of intelligent load shedding for electrical cookershave been developed. The prototypes of the proposed systems have been built and tested on anexperimental apartment to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of these methods. Thedeveloped system allows to avoid the use of predictive models that are very difficult to identify andself-reconfigure when new electrical devices are added in a building
Montenegro, Martinez Davis. "Diakoptics basée en acteurs pour la simulation, la surveillance et la comande des réseaux intelligents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT106/document.
Full textSimulation of power systems is an important tool for designing, developing and assessment of new grid architectures and controls within the smart grid concept for the last decades. This tool has evolved for answering the questions proposed by academic researchers and engineers in industry applications; providing different alternatives for covering several realistic scenarios. Nowadays, due to the recent advances in computing hardware, Digital Real-Time Simulation (DRTS) is used to design power systems, to support decisions made in automated Energy Management Systems (EMS) and to reduce the Time to Market of products, among other applications.Power system simulations can be classified in the following categories: (1) Analog simulation (2) off line simulation (3) Fully digital simulation (4) Fast simulation (5) Controller Hardware-In-the-Loop (CHIL) simulation and (6) Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation. The latest 3 are focused on Real-Time Hardware-In-the-Loop (RT-HIL) simulation. These categories cover issues related to Electromagnetic Transients (EMT), phasor simulation or mixed (phasor and EMT). As mentioned above, these advances are possible due to the evolution of computing architectures (hardware and software); however, for the particular case of power flow analysis of Distribution Systems (DS) there are still challenges to be solved.The current computing architectures are composed by several cores, leaving behind the paradigm of the sequential programing and leading the digital system developers to consider concepts such as parallelism, concurrency and asynchronous events. On the other hand, the methods for solving the dynamic power flow of distribution systems consider the system as a single block; thus they only use a single core for power flow analysis, regardless of the existence of multiple cores available for improving the simulation performance.Divided into phase and sequence frame methods, these methods have in common features such as considering a single sparse matrix for describing the DS and that they can solve a single frequency simultaneously. These features make of the mentioned methods non-suitable for multithread processing. As a consequence, current computer architectures are sub-used, affecting simulator's performance when handling large scale DS, changing DS topology and including advanced models, among others real life activities.To address these challenges this thesis proposes an approach called A-Diakoptics, which combines the power of Diakoptics and the Actor model; the aim is to make any conventional power flow analysis method suitable for multithread processing. As a result, the nature and complexity of the power system can be modeled without affecting the computing time, even if several parts of the power system operate at different base frequency as in the case of DC microgrids. Therefore, the dynamic load flow analysis of DS can be performed for covering different simulation needs such as off-line simulation, fast simulation, CHIL and PHIL. This method is an advanced strategy for simulating large-scale distribution systems in unbalanced conditions; covering the basic needs for the implementation of smart grid applications
Delinchant, Benoît. "La CAO et l'optimisation de systèmes, une approche par couplages dynamiques de composants." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677457.
Full textWarkozek, Ghaith. "Génération automatique de problèmes d'optimisation pour la conception et la gestion des réseaux électriques de bâtiments intelligents multi-sources multi-charges." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625784.
Full textTsenoglou, Theocharis. "Intelligent pattern recognition techniques for photo-realistic 3D modeling of urban planning objects." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0075.
Full textRealistic 3D modeling of buildings and other urban planning objects is an active research area in the field of 3D city modeling, heritage documentation, virtual touring, urban planning, architectural design and computer gaming. The creation of such models, very often, requires merging of data from diverse sources such as optical images and laser scan point clouds. To imitate as realistically as possible the layouts, activities and functionalities of a real-world environment, these models need to attain high photo-realistic quality and accuracy in terms of the surface texture (e.g. stone or brick walls) and morphology (e.g. windows and doors) of the actual objects. Image-based rendering is an alternative for meeting these requirements. It uses photos, taken either from ground level or from the air, to add texture to the 3D model thus adding photo-realism. For full texture covering of large facades of 3D block models, images picturing the same façade need to be properly combined and correctly aligned with the side of the block. The pictures need to be merged appropriately so that the result does not present discontinuities, abrupt variations in lighting or gaps. Because these images were taken, in general, under various viewing conditions (viewing angles, zoom factors etc) they are under different perspective distortions, scaling, brightness, contrast and color shadings, they need to be corrected or adjusted. This process requires the extraction of key features from their visual content of images. The aim of the proposed work is to develop methods based on computer vision and pattern recognition techniques in order to assist this process. In particular, we propose a method for extracting implicit lines from poor quality images of buildings, including night views where only some lit windows are visible, in order to specify bundles of 3D parallel lines and their corresponding vanishing points. Then, based on this information, one can achieve better merging of the images and better alignment of the images to the block façades. Another important application dealt in this thesis is that of 3D modeling. We propose an edge preserving interpolation, based on the mean shift algorithm, that operates jointly on the optical and the elevation data. It succeeds in increasing the resolution of the elevation data (LiDAR) while improving the quality (i.e. straightness) of their edges. At the same time, the color homogeneity of the corresponding imagery is also improved. The reduction of color artifacts in the optical data and the improvement in the spatial resolution of elevation data results in more accurate 3D building models. Finally, in the problem of building detection, the application of the proposed mean shift-based edge preserving smoothing for increasing the quality of aerial/color images improves the performance of binary building vs non-building pixel classification
Pajot, Camille. "OMEGAlpes : outil d’aide à la décision pour une planification énergétique multi-fluides optimale à l’échelle des quartiers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT042.
Full textMostly responsible for climate change, the energy sector is particularly targeted and energy transition policies are emerging, based on the principles of sobriety, efficiency and low-carbon energy production. Energy systems need to adapt quickly to these changes and be designed to consider a multi-energy approach and demand-side management strategies. In this context, this thesis proposes to develop a methodology and an associated decision support tool OMEGAlpes, offering the different energy actors an aid to design, size, and manage energy systems at the district level. First, an optimal energy planning approach will be developed. A methodology, based on power balances will then be presented, to treat generically study cases about energy planning at the district scale, and then illustrated on a case of wasted heat recycling. Consumption models based on statistical approaches will then be used to represent temporal flexibility scenarios (load shifting). An alternative to this data approach, based on the physical modeling of buildings, will then be presented through the use of reduced thermal models. Finally, all of these models will be capitalized within an automatic generation tool for optimization models, based on a methodology for building energy models from generic elements. The development of this open source tool, in Python language, and the principle of automatic generation of models will finally be detailed
Beauchêne, Solène. "Le Smart Thermogène Grid ® : étude des potentiels de récupération, de stockage et de redistribution des énergies fatales et renouvelables, optimisation et gestion d’un système intelligent intégrant l’ensemble des énergies disponibles dans le bâtiment." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0002/document.
Full textThe goal of the SThG® project is to recycle, to store and to manage unavoidable and renewable energies in the residential building. The aim of the work performed is to fill the lack of research on global sizing of systems, which is a barrier to the evolution of the energy balance of the building. Indeed, available tools are not adapted to make optimized choices and to size systems as they are very time-consuming. That is why an alternative model has been found. This work can be divided into two main steps. The first one, consists in doing a simplified model of a building and its systems. The second one in applying optimization to have the best choice and the better sizing of those systems according to energy and economic criterions. To solve this problem a model has been developed and two blocks can be identified. The first block is composed of two main points: the establishment of a physical model and the physical optimization. First, a macroscopic model of a building and its systems (recovery, storage and generation) has been created. This model is as much as generic as possible in order to represent a huge part of systems. But, it is also precise to ensure a good description of the real way they work and to allow the link to systems after the physical optimization during block two. Secondly, a Global Pattern Search optimization is used to find the best physical solution according to the constraints of the situation. The second block permits to find solutions in a discrete data basis of systems. These two blocks allow a durability of the tool, indeed the mechanism of optimization depends on the physical model. It will be possible to enrich the data basis of the second block without reconsidering the first one. Thanks to this work, a consistent choice and sizing of systems can be found
Le, Gauffre Pascal. "Méthodologie de conception et intelligence artificielle en bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0045.
Full textResearch on Computer Aided Design requires a double conceptual base. On the one hand, we have to represent what is the design process, on the other hand we have to define the possible and desirable contributions of the computer in this design process. The works presented deal with Computer Aided Building Design and the contribution of Artificial Intelligence techniques. The first part of this report is dedicated to the study of conceptual bases for Computer Aided Building Design and refers to Information Processing System theory as well as to systems modelisation. The design process is regarded as a modelling activity and as a problem setting (and solving). Process. The contribution of Artificial Intelligence techniques is therefore considered for the representation of the different expert considerations on the building project and for the construction and the resolution of problems. In the second part of the report we present a prototype of an expert system, called DEDALE, dedicated to the four following tasks : 1- Modelisation of the building project, 2- Selection of a strategy for modifications, 3- Construction of a restricted multi criteria problem (according to the strategy), 4- Management of the resolution process. Finally, a third part is devoted to a presentation of an experiment of the DEDALE system, and to a presentation of future prospects of this tool and of the approach used to elaborate it
Alileche, Lyes. "Use of BIM for the optimal management of existing buildings." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I058/document.
Full textThis research concerns the use of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) for the optimal management of existing buildings, in particular social housing buildings. These buildings are characterized by aging, poor energy performances and tenant’s low-income. The building managers suffer from lack of data concerning the buildings asset which could lead to poor operating decisions.The thesis discusses how the BIM could help to meet existing buildings challenges by the creation of a friendly comprehensive system including information about the building and equipment as well as the maintenance. The benefits of the BIM model are illustrated through two case studies, which concern a social housing residence and a research building respectively.This thesis is composed of four parts. The first part includes a literature review concerning the current methods of facility management, and the role of BIM in improving this management.The second part describes steps carried out to realize the BIM model of an existing social housing residence which includes 50 dwells.The third part describes the use of BIM to optimize facilities management and building maintenance. The last part describes the development of a dynamic BIM model using the as built BIM and real time data collected with sensors to inform users and managers about energy consumption and abnormal events
Courchelle, Inès de. "Vers une meilleure utilisation des énergies renouvelables : application à des bâtiments scientifiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30196/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis deals with the optimization of energy and computer flows in an intelligent network aiming to supply a data center via renewable energies. In this thesis are treated the problems related to the pooling of energy and computer information in a strong reactivity constraint through the creation of an architecture for an intelligent network. The modeling of such a network must allow the decision making in a dynamic and autonomous way. The objective of this modeling, via an intelligent network, is the optimization of renewable resources in order to reduce the ecological footprint
Benatia, Mohamed Amin. "Optimisation multi-objectives d’une infrastructure réseau dédiée aux bâtiments intelligents." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0024/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we studied the Wireless Sensor Network deployment for indoor environments with a focus on smart building application. The goal of our work was to develop a WSN deployment tool which is able to assist network designers in the deployment phase. We begin this thesis with network modeling of all the deployment parameters and requirement, such as : cost, coverage, connectivity and network lifetime. Thereafter, we implement five optimisation methods, including three multi-objective optimization agorithms, to resolve WSN deployment problem. Then, two realistics study cases were identified to test the performances of the aforementioned algorithms. The obtained results shows that these algorithms are very efficient for deploying a small scale network in small buildings. However, when the building surface becomes more important the algorithms tends to converge to local optimum while consuming high processing time. To resolve this problem, we develop and implement a new Hybrid multi-objectif optimization algorithm wich limits the number of direct evaluation. This algorithm is based on data-mining methods (Artificial Neural Networks and K-means) and tries to approximate the fitness value of each individual in each generation. At every generation of the algorithm, the population is divided to K clusters and we evaluate only the closest individual to cluster centroide. The fitness value of the rest of population is approximated using a trained ANN. A comparative study was made and the obtained results show that our method outperformes others in the two sudy cases (small and big buildings)
Soubra, Souheil. "Concepts et méthodes pour le développement d'environnements de simulation intelligents. Application au bâtiment." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9216.
Full textNumerical simulation is a powerful design and audit tool. But inthe building industry, it is not as widely spread as in other industries (electronics, car industry, space industry, …). Meanwhile, in building related research centers, various simulation codes have been developed. These codes are generally powerful on the numerical level and can cope with a large range of building related issues. Neverheless, these codes lack some features in order to make their use simple and productive (user guidance, coherence check, share of date…). The aim of this work is to design an Intelligent Simulation Environment (ISE) taking advantage of both numerical performances of existing simulation codes and symbolic performances of knowledge based systems. The symbolic part of the ISE will act as a semantic server taking in charge operations on a high level of abstraction (sharing of data, reasoning strategies …) and controling the numerical part of the ISE which will act as a number cruncher. After a short presentation of the modelling/simulation/result analysis process and of the possible Human/Computer interactions, the components of the ISE are described using an object oriented formal specification method. A first application to the building field is then presented. This application is implemented within a knowledge modelling software platform developed in the CSTB and uses the Integrated Data Model resulting from the IDM task of the CEC project COMBINE
Bovet, Gérôme. "Architecture évolutive et efficiente du Web des bâtiments." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0033/document.
Full textBuildings are increasingly equipped with dedicated automation networks, aiming to reduce the energy consumption and to optimize the comfort. On the other hand, we see the arrival of sensors and actuators related to the Internet of Things, which can naturally connect to IP networks. Due to constraints imposed by the obsolescence or physical properties of buildings, it is not uncommon that different technologies have to coexist. These networks operate with different models and protocols, making the development of global automation systems difficult. Traditional models of distributed systems are not adapted to the context of sensor networks. The paradigm of the Web of Things is resource-based and strives to standardize the application layer of different objects using Web technologies, primarily HTTP and REST. In this thesis, we use the Web of Things to create a framework dedicated to smart buildings, allowing developers to develop composite applications without knowledge of the underlying technologies. By relying on Web technologies, we can provide seamless service while reusing the available resources within the network (sensors and actuators), forming a self-managed cloud. In order to equip the buildings with a higher-level intelligence, machine learning, often reserved for experts, is made accessible through Web interfaces hiding the complexity of the process
Oliveira, Grégory de. "Approche hybride d'optimisation pour la gestion d'énergie dans le bâtiment." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT002/document.
Full textThis PhD focuses on the global energy management based on energetical flux models ofbuildings. The objective of the energy management system is to help the inhabitants to manage theirbuilding, by scheduling the consumption/production of the different appliances, taking into accountenergy costs, availability et inhabitants’ preferences. The PhD objective is to propose a resolution approach with several solvers inspired by the multi agent systems.A multi-phasis service representing several phasis has been developped. Each phasis is defined by its own consumption level. This type of service presents a better precision than singlephasis approaches to model some appliances. A new optimization approach has been developped. Itcombines different solvers embedded into software agents. The results is an hybrid approach forthe optimization based on the multi-agent system, using MILP algorithms and meta-heuristics
Bovet, Gérôme. "Architecture évolutive et efficiente du Web des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0033.
Full textBuildings are increasingly equipped with dedicated automation networks, aiming to reduce the energy consumption and to optimize the comfort. On the other hand, we see the arrival of sensors and actuators related to the Internet of Things, which can naturally connect to IP networks. Due to constraints imposed by the obsolescence or physical properties of buildings, it is not uncommon that different technologies have to coexist. These networks operate with different models and protocols, making the development of global automation systems difficult. Traditional models of distributed systems are not adapted to the context of sensor networks. The paradigm of the Web of Things is resource-based and strives to standardize the application layer of different objects using Web technologies, primarily HTTP and REST. In this thesis, we use the Web of Things to create a framework dedicated to smart buildings, allowing developers to develop composite applications without knowledge of the underlying technologies. By relying on Web technologies, we can provide seamless service while reusing the available resources within the network (sensors and actuators), forming a self-managed cloud. In order to equip the buildings with a higher-level intelligence, machine learning, often reserved for experts, is made accessible through Web interfaces hiding the complexity of the process
Sylla, Adja Ndeye. "Support intergiciel pour la conception et le déploiement adaptatifs fiables, application aux bâtiments intelligents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM095/document.
Full textIn the context of pervasive computing and internet of things, systems are heterogeneous,distributed and adaptive (e.g., transport management systems, building automation). Thedesign and the deployment of these systems are made difficult by their heterogeneous anddistributed nature but also by the risk of conflicting adaptation decisions and inconsistenciesat runtime. Inconsistencies are caused by hardware failures or communication errors. Theyoccur when actions corresponding to the adaptation decisions are assumed to be performedbut are not done.This thesis proposes a middleware support, called SICODAF, for the design and thedeployment of reliable adaptive systems. SICODAF combines a behavioral reliability (absenceof conflicting decisions) by means of transitions systems and an execution reliability(absence of inconsistencies) through a transactional middleware. SICODAF is based on autonomiccomputing. It allows to design and deploy an adaptive system in the form of anautonomic loop which consists of an abstraction layer, a transactional execution mechanismand a controller. SICODAF supports three types of controllers (based on rules, on continuousor discrete control theory). SICODAF also allows for loop reconfiguration, to dealwith changing objectives in the considered system, and the integration of a hardware failuredetection system. Finally, SICODAF allows for the design of multiple loops for systems thatconsist of a high number of entities or that require controllers of different types. These loopscan be combined in parallel, coordinated or hierarchical.SICODAF was implemented using the transactional middleware LINC, the abstractionenvironment PUTUTU and the language Heptagon/BZR that is based on transitionssystems. SICODAF was also evaluated using three case studies
De, oliveira Gregory. "Approche hybride d'optimisation pour la gestion d'énergie dans le bâtiment." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934755.
Full textNguyen, Nhat hai. "Développement de méthodes intelligentes pour la gestion énergétique des bâtiments, utilisant des capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682923.
Full textLe, Ky. "Gestion optimale des consommations d'énergie dans les bâtiments." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00301368.
Full textPaudel, Subodh. "Methodology to estimate building energy consumption using artificial intelligence." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0237/document.
Full textHigh-energy efficiency building standards (as Low energy building LEB) to improve building consumption have drawn significant attention. Building standards is basically focused on improving thermal performance of envelope and high heat capacity thus creating a higher thermal inertia. However, LEB concept introduces alarge time constant as well as large heat capacity resulting in a slower rate of heat transfer between interior of building and outdoor environment. Therefore, it is challenging to estimate and predict thermal energy demand for such LEBs. This work focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) models to predict energy consumptionof LEBs. We consider two kinds of AI modeling approaches: “all data” and “relevant data”. The “all data” uses all available data and “relevant data” uses a small representative day dataset and addresses the complexity of building non-linear dynamics by introducing past day climatic impacts behavior. This extraction is based on either simple physical understanding: Heating Degree Day (HDD), modified HDD or pattern recognition methods: Frechet Distance and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Four AI techniques have been considered: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Boosted Ensemble Decision Tree (BEDT) and Random forest (RF). In a first part, numerical simulations for six buildings (heat demand in the range [25 – 85 kWh/m².yr]) have been performed. The approach “relevant data” with (DTW, SVM) shows the best results. Real data of the building “Ecole des Mines de Nantes” proves the approach is still relevant
Bonte, Mathieu. "Influence du comportement de l'occupant sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment : modélisation par intelligence artificielle et mesures in situ." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2495/.
Full textBuilding sector plays a major role in global warming. In France, it is responsible of about 40% of energy consumption et about 33% of carbon emissions. In this context, building designers try to improve building energy performance. To do so, they often use building energy modeling (BEM) software to predict future energy use. For several years now, researchers have observed a difference between actual and predicted energy performance. Some reasons are pointed out such as uncertainties on physical properties of building materials and lack of precision of fluid dynamics models. One of the main causes could come from bad assessments in the modeling of occupant behavior. Occupant is often considered as passive in building simulation hypothesis. However, numerous of papers show that he act on the building he is in, and on personal characteristics. The work presented here intend to characterize occupant behavior and its influence on energy use. In the first part of the manuscript we assess the individual impact of several actions using design of experiments (DOE) methodology. Actions like operations on windows, blind or thermostat are investigated separately. We show that two opposite extreme behaviors (economic and wasteful) could lead to significant difference in building energy use. Moreover, a factor two-to-one in total energy use is observed between passive and active behaviors. In the second part we focused on an experimental approach. Thermal and visual environment of 4 offices have been monitored during a year and online questionnaires about comfort and behavior have been submitted to office occupants. Tank to a statistical analysis we estimates probabilities of acting on windows, blinds and clothing insulation against physical variables or thermal sensation. Final part of the thesis deals with the development of an occupant behavior model called OASys (Occupant Actions System) and running under TRNSys software. The model is based on an artificial intelligence algorithm and is intended to predict occupant interactions with thermostat, clothing insulation, windows, blinds and lighting system based on thermal and visual sensation. Results from OASys are compared to results from literature through various case studies for partial validation. They also confirm the significant impact of occupant behavior on building energy performance
Akkouche, Nour El Houda Rabab. "Approche comportementale pour le pilotage des consommations énergétiques dans le bâtiment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM081.
Full textIn the current context, efforts to reduce energy consumption in buildings must take into consideration a wide range of parameters, the building, its environment, its equipment and, above all, the behavior of its users. Nudges, which emerged from behavioral economics and find applications in various fields (finance, food, health, etc.), have been explored in the environmental context in general, and specifically in that of energy consumption in buildings.The aim of our work is to implement energy-saving behaviors through nudges in a building and to measure their impact using smart meters. Our approach involves dynamic thermal simulations, the use of connected sensors, and the creation of occupant profiles through questionnaires. These elements are typically addressed individually and isolated in the literature.We start with a theoretical assessment of the energy-saving actions that have the most significant impact in reducing energy consumption in a public tertiary building located in France. We create a framework based on psychological theories and previous works to define concepts that we use to define different energy consumers profiles. We conduct an experimentation using smart meters to measure the impact of nudges on behavioral change among occupants of an office building. To do this, we implement a platform for delivering various types of nudges to different profiles that we have established from a classification based on behavioral theories. In this way, we have combined the technological and behavioral aspects, which are often dealt with separately, and for which research often requires a multidisciplinary approach.Simulating different types of energy use scenarios in the same building is also interesting for studying the impact of occupants' behavior on energy consumption, and how the use of tailored incentives to raise awareness and encourage the larger adoption of energy savings measures can lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption in the building.The results obtained are positive in terms of energy savings, provided that prior knowledge of occupants is established
Zhao, Haixiang. "Artificial Intelligence Models for Large Scale Buildings Energy Consumption Analysis." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658767.
Full textJouffe, Lionel. "Apprentissage de systèmes d'inférence floue par des méthodes de renforcement : application à la régulation d'ambiance dans un bâtiment d'élevage porcin." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10071.
Full textScanu, Lisa. "Vers des archétypes de modèles auto-configurables pour le bâtiment connecté." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT071/document.
Full textAs buildings become more energy-efficient, the effect of human activities on their global consumption increases. To limit this impact, a first attempt was made to increase the level of automation in buildings. However, from surveys led in residential and office buildings, Carassus and Sidler conclude that automation does not reduce the gap between predicted and effective consumption. This work reveals that static rules can not be sufficient. In order to reach the goal of low energy consumption in the operation phase of buildings, occupants must then be involved in the energy management process. The proposed work is part of a research project focusing on a system embedding energy services with a high level of interaction to empower users with energy services. The role of these energy services is to allow users to define their own objective and consequently generate information and advice regarding the best strategies to apply on building systems (HVAC systems, sun-shading devices, windows opening,…) and envelope configuration. An analysis of the sociological literature was made in order to implement relevant services for the users, favouring real and durable changes in their behaviours. Some of these services require thermal and aeraulic behavioural models easy to set up and little expert knowledge. This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of a model relevant for energy management end-user services. It involves to deal with the definition of relevant model structures together with parameter estimation methods to tune the parameter values. The model must be simple enough to ease its set up with estimation and prediction capabilities. The limits in terms of complexity and computational time are discussed. The energy management services should be configured by occupants thus it must not require much expert knowledge. Consequently, some sensors are needed to estimate the thermal and aeraulic model. Tests have been performed to limit the needed instrumentation. Relevant model structures are discussed because they should be generic: it should adapt to both mono-zone and multi-zone case studies and it should be based on a minimal number of sensors and require little expert knowledge
Nabil, Tahar. "Identification de modèle thermique de bâtiment dans un environnement d'objets connectés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0001.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the problem of the identification of a thermal model of a smart building, whose connected objects alleviate the lack of measurements of the physical quantities of interest. The first algorithm deals with the estimation of the open-loop building system, despite its actual exploitation in closed loop. This algorithm is then modified to account for the uncertainty of the data. We suggest a closedloop estimation of the building system as soon as the indoor temperature is not measured. Then, we return to open-loop approaches. The different algorithms enable respectively to reduce the possible bias contained in a connected outdoor air temperature sensor, to replace the costly solar flux sensor by another connected temperature sensor, and finally to directly use the total load curve, without disaggregation, by making the most of the On/Off signals of the connected objects
Le, Xiaohua. "Implémentation d'un modèle d'acteur, application au traitement de données partielles en audit thermique de bâtiment." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529467.
Full textZhu, Wenhua. "3D modeling of city building and lifecycle simulation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2344/document.
Full textWith the construction and development of the smart city, how to construct the realistic 3D model of the large-scale city buildings quickly and efficiently which becomes the research hotspot. In this thesis, a novel 3D modeling approach is proposed to quickly and efficiently build 3D model of large-scale city buildings based on shape grammar and facade rule modeling. Building Information Model (BIM) is an important technical means to enhance the construction industry, for the city building design and construction, how to better research and application of BIM technology which is the key, in this thesis City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) is specified to manage the information of building lifecycle effectively and realize the information sharing and exchanging. This thesis has studied the acquisition and processing of the modeling data. Google Earth and ArcGIS software are mainly used to acquire and process image-maps data and elevation-maps data of the target area, these two kinds of data match and overlay, which can generate 3D city terrain data with geographic location information. Then OpenStreetMap is used to acquire road data of the target area, and it can be optimal processed to the necessary road network by JOSM software. 3D laser scanning technology is used to collect building surface texture images and create the point clouds model of the target architecture modeling so as to get the modeling dimensions by measurement. On this basis, this thesis mainly has studied the principle and the process of CGA rule to create building models, and studied the method that can separate architectural elements using image segmentation to generate CGA rule automatically and to create building model furtherly. Thus 3D building models have been established in the CityEngine software using CGA rules and facade modeling technology. This thesis has specified the City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) based on BIM. The city building information are classified and integrated, and the building and component was described with the IFC standard, in order to manage the informations of building lifecycle effectively. This thesis studies the integrated information association model technology, that it can realize standardized component design with associated features and intelligent building design with associated parameters in knowledge rules combined with IFC. The construction simulation technology is studied. The knowledge rules in the integrated information model provide a reliable reference for the construction simulation, and the simulation scene is created through the invoking the integrated information model, thus the construction simulation process is completed by the program. Taking Baoshan Campus of Shanghai University as an example, the modeling process of the whole scene is illustrated, and the modeling steps of all kinds of 3D objects are described in detail to solve the specific problems in the actual modeling process. Thus the feasibility and validity of the procedural intelligent modeling approach are verified. Taking the dormitory of Shanghai University as an example, a simulation scene and the simulation model were created by the integrated informations, combined with the relevant construction information the construction simulation was completed by the program. Thus the feasibility and validity of the CBIIM are verified
Sarkis, Georges. "Communication entre les systèmes de CAO et les systèmes experts à base de connaissance en bâtiment dans un environnement d'intelligence artificielle." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9202.
Full textAlzouhri, alyafi Amr. "Génération d'explications pour la gestion énergétique dans les bâtiments." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM003/document.
Full textEnergy is fundamental to maintain comfort and it shapes our modern life. With the excess demand for energy, home energy management systems are appearing with time. They aim at reducing or modulating energy consumption while keeping an acceptable level of comfort. Efficient home energy management systems should embed a behavioral representation of a home system, including inhabitants. It establishes relationships between different environmental variables and heterogeneous phenomena present in a home. Therefore, those systems are complex to build and to understand for inhabitants. For this reason, the designers did try to automatize as much as possible the HVAC systems, the lightings ... so they promoted the concept of “doing instead”. This was justified as it was nearly impossible to implicate occupants and to create a relation between occupants and energy systems. This concept does create different problems as occupants are detached from the energy system and they don’t understand its functionality nor how it is working.To overcome this difficulty this work promotes the concept of “doing with” as it tries to implicate the occupant in the loop with their energy management system. This is where the explanation is needed to allow occupants to discover the knowledge in the energy system and to develop their capacity of understanding how the system is working and why it is recommending different actions. The explanation is the way to discover new knowledge and consequently, to involve occupants. For humans, explanation plays an important role in life. It is one of the main tools for learning and understanding. It is even used in communication and social aspects. People tend to use it besides learning to show their knowledge about a subject to gain the confidence of others or to clarify a situation. But generating explanations is not an easy task. It is one of the ongoing scientific problems from several decades. Explanations have numerous forms, types, and level of clearness. This study is focusing on the causal explanations. As it is the most intuitive form of explanation to be understood by occupants and is adapted to transfer the knowledge from complex systems like energy models. The scientific challenge is how to construct causal explanations for the inhabitants from a flow of observed sensor data
Amadou, Kountché Djibrilla. "Localisation dans les bâtiments des personnes handicapées et classification automatique de données par fourmis artificielles." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4021/document.
Full textThe concept of « smart » invades more and more our daily life. A typical example is the smartphone, which becames by years an essential device. Soon, it’s the city, the car and the home which will become « smart ». The intelligence is manifested by the ability for the environment to interact and to take decisons in its relationships with users and other environments. This needs information on state changes occurred on both sides. Sensor networks allow to collect these data, to apply on them some pre-processings and to transmit them. Sensor network, towards some of their caracteristics are closed to Swarm Intelligence in the sense that small entities with reduced capababilities can cooperate automatically, in unattended, decentralised and distributed manner in order to accomplish complex tasks. These bio-inspired methods have served as basis for the resolution of many problems, mostly optimization and this insipired us to apply them on problems met in Ambient Assisted Living and on the data clustering problem. AAL is a sub-field of context-aware services, and its goals are to facilitate the everyday life of elderly and disable people. These systems determine the context and then propose different kind of services. We have used two important elements of the context : the position and the disabilty. Although positioning has very good precision outdoor, it faces many challenges in indoor environments due to the electromagnetic wave propagation in harsh conditions, the cost of systems, interoperabilty, etc. Our works have been involved in positioning disabled people in indoor environment by using wireless sensor network for determining the caracteristics of the electromagnetic wave (signal strenght, time, angle) for estimating the position by geometric methods (triangulation, lateration), fingerprinting methods (k-nearest neighbours), baysiens filters (Kalman filter). The application is to offer AAL services like navigation. Therefore we extend the definition of sensor node to take into account any device, in the environment, capable of emiting and receiving a signal. Also, we have studied the possibility of using Pachycondylla Apicalis for data clustering and for indoor localization by casting this last problem as data clustering problem. Finally we have proposed a system based on a middleware architecture
Abreu, De Oliveira Amanda. "Commande prédictive hiérarchisée hybride pour la gestion de l’énergie dans les bâtiments." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CSUP0004.
Full textIntelligent management strategies to optimize building energy consumption are considerably gaining attention due to the current climate challenges and the technological evolution of the automation solutions. To tackle the new energy efficiency standards, building energy management systems must be able to control energy consuming devices in order to minimize the costs and optimize the comfort of occupants. In this thesis, we study hybrid multitime scale model predictive control strategies to tackle building energy management problems. We proposed a two-layer hierarchical controller to jointly control the energy consumption and power demand of the system. The upper level implements a long term economic optimization that takes into account the energy price and the requirements of the occupants. The lower layer ensures the tracking of the optimal scheduling plan computed by the upper layer with a shorter prediction horizon and a higher sampling rate. Two topics related to the operation of multi-scale controllers are considered. The first is the interaction between the levels of optimization and the consistency of the information exchanged. We investigate different strategies to project the results of the upper layer at the lower one and provide comparisons to highlight its impact on the closed-loop behavior. The second is the management of On/Off loads in the multi-time scale framework. A geometric analysis of the decision space of the long-term optimization problem is performed to study the consequences of adding binary constraints to the problem. Then, we propose a reformulation strategy to improve the quality of the final control and limit the effort required to find the solution
Bouabdallaoui, Yassine. "Introduction de l'intelligence artificielle dans le secteur de la construction : études de cas du Facility Management." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0022.
Full textThe industry of Facility Management (FM) has known a rapid advancement through the last decades which leads to a largeexpansion of FM activities. The FM organisations have evolved from the traditional role of providing maintenance services toinclude complex and interconnected activities involving people, processes and technologies. As a consequence of thisexponential growth, facility managers are dealing with growing and varied challenges ranging from energy efficiency andenvironmental challenges to service customisation and customer satisfaction. The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)is offering academics and practitioners a new set of tools to address these challenges. AI is enabling multiple solutions suchas automation, improving predictability and forecasting and offering services customisation. The Facility Managementindustry can benefit from these new techniques to better manage their assets and improve their processes. However, theintegration of AI into the FM ecosystem is a challenging task that needs to overcome the gap between the business driversand the AI. To unlock the full potential of data analytics and AI in the FM industry, significant work is needed to overcomethe issues of data quality and data management in the FM sector. The overall aim of this thesis is to conceptualise thetheoretical and practical understanding and implementation of artificial intelligence and data-driven technologies into FacilityManagement activities to leverage data and optimise facilities usage. Promises of AI implementations were presented alongwith the challenges and the barriers limiting the development of AI in the FM sector. To resolve these issues, a frameworkwas proposed to improve data management and leverage AI in FM. Multiple case studies were selected to address thisframework. The selected case studies covered predictive maintenance, virtual assistant and natural language processingapplications. The results of this work demonstrated the potential of AI to address FM challenges such in maintenancemanagement and waste management. However, multiple barriers limiting the development of AI in the FM sector wereidentified including data availability issues
Josse, Rozenn. "Méthode et outils pour l'identification de défauts des bâtiments connectés performants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT074/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of a new methodology for fault detection within smart high-performance buildings helping the performance guarantee. We first have placed our work in the current energy context by focusing on the major role of buildings in the decrease of energy consumption. Then we introduced our methodology and we argued about various techniques that could be used before making a choice. This methodology is made up of two main parts : the former reduces the uncertainties due to the occupant and the environment and the latter studies the gap between simulation and measurements thanks to a sensitivity analysis coupled with a bayesian algorithm. Then we implemented it within a tool that we named REFATEC. We carried out various tests in controlled conditions in order to evaluate its precision and its calculation time. This step showed that our methodology is effective but it has some difficulties when the studied period is during summer or when the faults are very located. is a very located fault. Eventually we confronted our methodology to a real case where we faced numerous questions that appear when dealing with measurements, especially their reliability and the uncertainties that still need to be taken care of, in the perspective of performance guarantee and fault detection
Denguir, Afef. "Modèle de performance agrégée et raisonnement approché pour l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et du confort dans les bâtiments." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20026/document.
Full textThe present work is part of the FUI RIDER project (Research for IT Driven Energy efficiency). It aims to develop an energy management system that has to be weakly dependent on building's specificities in order to be easily deployed in different kinds of buildings. This work proposes a new approach based on the thermal comfort concept in order to reduce energy costs. This approach takes advantage of the thermal comfort concept in order to compute new optimized setpoints for the building energy control system. It relies on the idea that thermal comfort is a subjective multidimensional concept that can be used to reduce energy consumption. The literature provides statistical thermal comfort models but their complexity and non-linearity make them not useful for the control and optimization purposes. Our new thermal comfort model is based on the multi attributes utility theory and Choquet integrals. The advantages of our model are: its interpretability in term of preference relationships, its linearity in simplex regions which simplifies optimization problems' solving, and its compact form which is more tractable than a rule based control formalism. In the second part of this work, the THermal Process Enhancement (THPE) proposes a control system approach to efficiently reach the optimized setpoints provided by the comfort model. The THPE proposes an efficient and simple thermal control approach based on imprecise knowledge of buildings' special features. Its weak data-dependency ensures the scalability and simplicity of our approach. For this, an extended thermal qualitative model (EQM) is proposed. It is based on a qualitative description of influences that actions' parameters may have on buildings' thermal performances. This description results from the mathematical and qualitative analysis of dynamical thermal behaviors. Our thermal qualitative model is then enriched by online collecting and assessing previous thermal control performances. The online learning provides the necessary quantitative information to infer quantified control recommendations from the qualitative tendencies displayed by the EQM. Thus, an approximate reasoning based on the EQM and an online learning coupled with a penalty function provides smart thermal control functionalities. The EQM based approximate reasoning guarantees our control system weak dependency with regard to the building special features as well as its multi-scale applicability and its relevancy even for RIDER's first start when the learning database lacks of information. The performances of our THPE are assessed on various types of control and optimization issues. An optimal control is generally achieved in a few iterations which allows providing an adaptive and individual control of building's rooms
Sarkis, Georges. "Communications entre les systèmes de CAO et les systèmes experts à bases de connaissances en bâtiment dans un environnement d'intelligence artificielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523171.
Full textNou, Julien. "Gestion optimale de l'énergie thermique dans un procédé hybride : solaire/géothermie pour le chauffage de bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756810.
Full textPapadopoulos, Georgios. "Towards a 3D building reconstruction using spatial multisource data and computational intelligence techniques." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0084/document.
Full textBuilding reconstruction from aerial photographs and other multi-source urban spatial data is a task endeavored using a plethora of automated and semi-automated methods ranging from point processes, classic image processing and laser scanning. In this thesis, an iterative relaxation system is developed based on the examination of the local context of each edge according to multiple spatial input sources (optical, elevation, shadow & foliage masks as well as other pre-processed data as elaborated in Chapter 6). All these multisource and multiresolution data are fused so that probable line segments or edges are extracted that correspond to prominent building boundaries.Two novel sub-systems have also been developed in this thesis. They were designed with the purpose to provide additional, more reliable, information regarding building contours in a future version of the proposed relaxation system. The first is a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) method for the detection of building borders. In particular, the network is based on the state of the art super-resolution model SRCNN (Dong C. L., 2015). It accepts aerial photographs depicting densely populated urban area data as well as their corresponding digital elevation maps (DEM). Training is performed using three variations of this urban data set and aims at detecting building contours through a novel super-resolved heteroassociative mapping. Another innovation of this approach is the design of a modified custom loss layer named Top-N. In this variation, the mean square error (MSE) between the reconstructed output image and the provided ground truth (GT) image of building contours is computed on the 2N image pixels with highest values . Assuming that most of the N contour pixels of the GT image are also in the top 2N pixels of the re-construction, this modification balances the two pixel categories and improves the generalization behavior of the CNN model. It is shown in the experiments, that the Top-N cost function offers performance gains in comparison to standard MSE. Further improvement in generalization ability of the network is achieved by using dropout.The second sub-system is a super-resolution deep convolutional network, which performs an enhanced-input associative mapping between input low-resolution and high-resolution images. This network has been trained with low-resolution elevation data and the corresponding high-resolution optical urban photographs. Such a resolution discrepancy between optical aerial/satellite images and elevation data is often the case in real world applications. More specifically, low-resolution elevation data augmented by high-resolution optical aerial photographs are used with the aim of augmenting the resolution of the elevation data. This is a unique super-resolution problem where it was found that many of -the proposed general-image SR propositions do not perform as well. The network aptly named building super resolution CNN (BSRCNN) is trained using patches extracted from the aforementioned data. Results show that in comparison with a classic bicubic upscale of the elevation data the proposed implementation offers important improvement as attested by a modified PSNR and SSIM metric. In comparison, other proposed general-image SR methods performed poorer than a standard bicubic up-scaler.Finally, the relaxation system fuses together all these multisource data sources comprising of pre-processed optical data, elevation data, foliage masks, shadow masks and other pre-processed data in an attempt to assign confidence values to each pixel belonging to a building contour. Confidence is augmented or decremented iteratively until the MSE error fails below a specified threshold or a maximum number of iterations have been executed. The confidence matrix can then be used to extract the true building contours via thresholding
Negrea, Andrei Liviu. "Optimization of energy efficiency for residential buildings by using artificial intelligence." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI090.
Full textConsumption, in general, represents the process of using a type of resource where savings needs to be done. Energy consumption has become one the main issue of urbanization and energy crisis as the fossil depletion and global warming put under threat the planet energy utilization. In this thesis, an automatic control of energy was developed to reduce energy consumption in residential area and passive house buildings. A mathematical model founded on empirical measurements was developed to emphasize the behavior of a testing laboratory from Universitatea Politehnica din București - Université Politechnica de Bucarest - Roumanie. The experimental protocol was carried out following actions such as: building parameters database, collecting weather data, intake of auxiliary flows while considering the controlling factors. The control algorithm is controlling the system which can maintain a comfortable temperature within the building with minimum energy consumption. Measurements and data acquisition have been setup on two different levels: weather and buildings data. The data collection is gathered on a server which was implemented into the testing facility running a complex algorithm which can control energy consumption. The thesis reports several numerical methods for estimating the energy consumption that is further used with the control algorithm. An experimental showcase based on dynamic calculation methods for building energy performance assessments was made in Granada, Spain, information which was later used in this thesis. Estimation of model parameters (resistances and capacities) with prediction of heat flow was made using nodal method, based on physical elements, input data and weather information. Prediction of energy consumption using state-space modeling show improved results while IoT data collection was uploaded on a Raspberry Pi system. All these results were stable showing impressive progress in the prediction of energy consumption and their application in energy field
Dinh, Van Binh. "Méthodes et outils pour le dimensionnement des bâtiments et des systèmes énergétiques en phase d'esquisse intégrant la gestion optimale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT092/document.
Full textIn order to reduce the energy consumption and to increase the use of renewable energy, the optimal design of future buildings (smart-buildings) appears as an important factor.This thesis aims to develop models, innovative methods aiding decision-making during the design of buildings. Our approach of design is a global and simultaneous optimization of envelope, energy systems and their management strategies from the sketch phase, which takes into account multi-criterions of costs (investment et exploitation) and comforts (thermal, visual, aeraulic). The multi-objective optimization problem is so a strong coupling problem of large scale with a lot of variables and constraints, which leads to difficulties to solve.After the tests, an optimization method of order 1 is chosen in combination with analytical models formally derived automatically. Our methodology is applied to the design of individual houses, especially positive energy houses. The results of this global approach provide important information to designers to help make choices from the preliminary phase of the design process