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Thoss, Jeff. "Versifying Batman: Superheroes in contemporary poetry." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 5, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2019-0016.
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AbstractSince the late 1980 s, poets from the US and, to a lesser extent, the UK have increasingly featured superheroes in their work, mostly appropriating iconic figures along the lines of Batman or Superman and exploring some aspect of their personality (e. g., Batman’s relationship to Robin, Superman’s loneliness) in dramatic monologues. The prevailing if not sole account of this phenomenon argues that these characters provide a shared mythology to a generation of writers to whom biblical and classical references are no longer readily available. It also ties the superheroes’ provenance exclusively to the medium of comics. This latter point, in particular, is open to debate, insofar as since the late 1980 s, superheroes are, more than ever, part of media franchises that treat comic books as but one among many outlets. The present article hence views the superheroes in poetry not so much as an appropriation of comic book but of transmedia characters. Simon Armitage’s seminal poem “Kid” (1992), for instance – a diatribe by Robin directed at Batman’s dismissal of him – resonates as much with the 1960 s TV series or Tim Burton’s Batman films (1989, 1992) as with the dark knight’s reinvention at the hands of comic book writers such as Frank Miller or Alan Moore. At the same time, the article aims to locate the place of the seemingly insular genre of poetry within a “convergence culture” that disseminates superheroes in the media ecology. Evidently, the “superhero poems” are not licensed creations that partake in officially sanctioned transmedia networks. Neither, however, are they a product of fandom and participatory culture. Instead, I would suggest that poetry here tentatively engages with the media culture that has factored into its marginalization during the past decades.
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MOSHEIN, JACK, ANTHONY H. ALTER, KENNETH B. ELCONIN, WENDALL W. ADAMS, and JOSEPH ISAACSON. "Transcervical Fractures of the Hip Treated With the Bateman Bipolar Prosthesis." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 251 (February 1990): 48???53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199002000-00009.
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Li, Dehui, Huanfang Fan, Jingfei Dong, Chunxia Sun, Yifan Su, Jiao Liu, and Yiting Gu. "Based on BATMAN-TCM to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Xihuang Pill Regulating Immune Function to Treat Breast Precancerous Lesions." Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy Volume 13 (December 2021): 725–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/bctt.s339607.
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Lingga Pranata, Muh. Ilham, and Romi Saputra. "STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DARI SEKTOR PAJAK DAERAH (Studi Kasus Pajak Mineral bukan Logam dan Batuan di Kabupaten Bangka Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung)." VISIONER : Jurnal Pemerintahan Daerah di Indonesia 11, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/jv.v11i3.216.
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Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah membawa konsekuensi bagi pemerintah daerah untuk lebih mandiri, baik dari segi pembiayaan maupun dalam menentukan arah pembangunan. Hal ini menjadi persoalan bagi daerah untuk meningkatkan sumber-sumber keuangan yang memadai. Peningkatan PAD merupakan salah satu instrument untuk mengurangi ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah dari Pemerintah Pusat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal dalam pengelolaan Pajak mineral bukan logam dan batuan di Kabupaten Bangka serta mengetahui strategi daerah dalam meningkatkan PAD dari sektor pajak Minerba. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menganalisis masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode analisis SWOT, dengan melihat kebijakan pemerintah Kabupaten Bangka yang ada serta strategi apa yang akan diterapkan dalam meningkatkan PAD dari sektor pajak mineral bukan logam dan batuan.
Berdasarkan identifikasi faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal dan alalisis SWOT maka determinan Faktor Kekuatan (Strength) yaitu SDM dilihat dari kuantitas, Badan Pengelolaan Pajak Daerah yang bertanggung jawab dalam pelaksanaan PAD, Struktur Organisasi yang jelas, dukungan anggaran, kedisiplinan pegawai, Faktor; Kelemahan (Weakness) SDM dilihat dari segi kulaitas, sarana dan prasarana yang terbatas, Ego masing-masing bidang, kurangnya pengawasan internal, Kurangnya pelaksaan diklat tentang perpajakan; Faktor Peluang (Opportunities) Yaitu dukungan Eksekutif dan DPRD, potensi Pajak Minerba yang belum digali secara optimal, Kondisi keaamanan yang kondusif sehingga berpeluang berinvestasi, kemajuan teknologi dalam mengakses informasi dan komunikasi; Faktor Ancaman (Treath) yaitu Belum adanya peraturan tentang Pajak Minerba, masih kurangnya koordinasi antar OPD, kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam mebayar pajak, akses internet yang belum merata dan belum optimal, masih ada petugas pajak yang melakukan penyimpangan terhadap pemungutan pajak.
Simpulan dari penelitian ini adanya 3 isu yang sangat strategis yaitu membuat peraturan daerah tentang pajak Minerba, peningkatan komitmen pemerintah untuk memeberikan dukungan pelatihan atau diklat pada SDM yang ada, memberikan kemudahan berinvestasi bagi masyarakat yang ingin mengelolaa pasir dan batuan. Disarankan untuk segera membuat perda tentang pajak Minerba, memberikan peningkatan kapasitas SDM seperti PPNS Pajak dan Jurusita dan Mempermudah persyaratan pengajuan perizinan tentang pengelolaan pasir dan batuan.
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Shuai, Yongming, Zhili Jiang, Qiuwen Yuan, Shuqiang Tu, and Fanhui Zeng. "Deciphering the Underlying Mechanism of Eucommiae Cortex against Osteoporotic Fracture by Network Pharmacology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (September 7, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7049812.
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Background. Du Zhong (DZ), or Eucommiae Cortex, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to treat osteoporosis. Although it has been reported that DZ can improve bone mass in ovariectomized rats, its pharmacological mechanisms in treating osteoporotic fractures (OPF) remain unclear. Methods. In this study, we used a network pharmacological manner to explore its potential complicated mechanism in treating OPF. We obtained DZ compounds from TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases and collected potential targets of these compounds through target fishing based on TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. Next, we collected the OPF targets by using CTD, GeneCards, OMIM, HPO, and GenCLiP 3 databases. And then the overlapping genes between DZ potential targets and OPF targets were used to build up the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and to analyze their interactions and find out the big hub genes in this network. Subsequently, clusterProfiler package in R language was utilized to conduct the enrichment of Gene Ontology biological process and KEGG pathways. Results. There were totally 93 active compounds and 916 related targets in DZ. After the enrichment analysis, we collected top 25 cellular biological processes and top 25 pathways based on the adjusted P value and found that the DZ anti-OPF effect was mainly associated with the regulation of ROS and inflammatory response. Furthermore, 64 hub genes in PPI network, such as MAPK1 (degree = 41), SRC (degree = 39), PIK3R1 (degree = 36), VEGFA (degree = 31), TP53 (degree = 29), EGFR (degree = 29), JUN (degree = 29), AGT (degree = 29), MAPK1, SRC, PIK3R1, VEGFA, and TP53, were considered as potential therapeutic targets, implying the underlying mechanisms of DZ acting on OPF. Conclusion. We investigated the possible therapeutic mechanisms of DZ from a systemic perspective. These key targets and pathways provided promising directions for the future research to reveal the exact regulating mechanisms of DZ in treating OPF.
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Martha, Rahma Diyan, and Fatimah. "Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanolik Batang Tanaman Majapahit (Crescentia cujete) Terhadap Artemia salina Leach." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v11i1.2146.
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Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability of these cells to attack biological tissue. Various attempts have been made, one of them with treatment to kill cancer cells, but not a few of these efforts actually cause side effects. This fact demands the need for a safe alternative way to treat cancer using natural ingredients. One of the local natural resources that has the potential to treat cancer is Majapahit (Crescentia cujete). In this study, Majapahit (C. cujete) stem extracts were carried out which have anticancer activity. The first stage was screening by conducting a qualitative analysis of the ethanol extract of the stem of the majapahit plant (C. cujete). Furthermore, a toxicity test was carried out against Artemia salina Leach using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method. Phytochemical testing was carried out to check the content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the majapahit stem extract, and the results were positive for flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenolics. This data, supported by spectrophotometric tests, proved that the largest concentration of the ethanolic extract of the majapahit (C. cujete) stem was 24.05% tannin. Then the LC50 test from the toxicity test of the active component of majapahit plant stem extract (C. cujete) against Artemia salina Leach showed a concentration of 0.01 µg / mL and 0.04 µg / mL, namely with a percentage below 50%.
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Martha, Rahma Diyan, and Fatimah. "Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanolik Batang Tanaman Majapahit (Crescentia cujete) Terhadap Artemia salina Leach." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v11i1.2146.
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Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability of these cells to attack biological tissue. Various attempts have been made, one of them with treatment to kill cancer cells, but not a few of these efforts actually cause side effects. This fact demands the need for a safe alternative way to treat cancer using natural ingredients. One of the local natural resources that has the potential to treat cancer is Majapahit (Crescentia cujete). In this study, Majapahit (C. cujete) stem extracts were carried out which have anticancer activity. The first stage was screening by conducting a qualitative analysis of the ethanol extract of the stem of the majapahit plant (C. cujete). Furthermore, a toxicity test was carried out against Artemia salina Leach using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method. Phytochemical testing was carried out to check the content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the majapahit stem extract, and the results were positive for flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenolics. This data, supported by spectrophotometric tests, proved that the largest concentration of the ethanolic extract of the majapahit (C. cujete) stem was 24.05% tannin. Then the LC50 test from the toxicity test of the active component of majapahit plant stem extract (C. cujete) against Artemia salina Leach showed a concentration of 0.01 µg / mL and 0.04 µg / mL, namely with a percentage below 50%.
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Simbolon, Alvin Christopher. "Perbedaan Persepsi Turki dan North Atlantic Treaty Organization Terhadap Ancaman Terorisme." Jurnal ICMES 4, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.87.
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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sikap dan kebijakan yang diambil Turki dalam menghadapi Unit Perlindungan Rakyat (YPG); sebuah organisasi milisi Kurdi di Suriah, yang dipandang sebagai ancaman terorisme bagi Turki, namun tidak demikian bagi NATO. Minimnya literatur yang menggambarkan dinamika hubungan Turki-NATO dari sisi persepsi ancaman, khususnya yang berkaitan erat dengan ancaman YPG, menjadi celah yang akan diisi oleh peneliti dalam tulisan ini. Tulisan ini memiliki argumen bahwa Turki telah mengambil tindakan dan sikap yang cenderung melanggar batasan norma dan nilai dalam aliansi NATO. Turki memainkan perannya secara unilateral dalam menghadapi YPG. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka kerja analisis Oposisi dalam Aliansi dari Oya Dursun Ozkanca yang memperlihatkan tiga proses Oposisi dalam Aliansi dan menggambarkan kapan alat-alat kenegaraan tertentu digunakan dalam aliansi dan untuk tujuan apa. Artikel ini diharapkan berkontribusi pada pengembangan empiris dan konseptual literatur ilmiah tentang Oposisi dalam Aliansi dengan menggunakan studi kasus kebijakan luar negeri Turki.
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JÁUREGUI BERECIARTU, GURUTZ, and JUAN IGNACIO UGARTEMENDIA ECEIZABARRENA. "EUROPA EN EL LECHO DE PROCUSTO: DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN EUROPEA AL TRATADO DE LISBOA." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 79 (December 1, 2007): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.79.2007.1.04.
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Estas páginas están dedicadas a realizar un análisis de las principales características del «Tratado por el que se modifican el Tratado de la Unión Europea y el Tratado Constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea», texto aprobado en Lisboa, el 13 de diciembre de 2007, por los Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de los veintisiete Estados miembros de la Unión Europea con la intención de que, una vez sea ratificado, entre en vigor a principios de 2009. Se trata, en cualquier caso, de un análisis de carácter general, que se articula comparando dicho Tratado de reforma con el texto de la non nata «Constitución Europea» (2004), texto, este último, del que asume o mimetiza gran parte del contenido aunque no así su formulación y carácter constitucional. Orri hauetan «Europar Batasunaren Ituna eta Europako Erkidegoa Eratzeko Ituna aldatzeko Ituna» delako dokumentuaren bereizgarri nagusiak aztertuko ditugu. Erreforma-dokumentu hori 2007ko abenduaren 13an onetsi zuten Lisboan, Europar Batasuneko hogeita zazpi estatu kideetako estatuburuek eta gobernuburuek sinatuta, berrespena lortu ondoren, 2009. urte hasieran indarrean jartzeko asmoz. Edonola ere, azterketa orokorra izango da gurea, eta erreforma-ituna eta «Europar Batasuneko Konstituzio (2004)» sortugabea alderatuz egingo dugu. Izan ere, erreforma-ituna hein handi batean Europar Batasunaren konstituzio-dokumentu horren edukian oinarritzen bada ere, ezberdina da formulazioari edo izaera konstituzionalari dagokionez. These pages are devoted to analyze the main characteristics of the «Treaty amending the Treaty of the European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community» signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007 by the Heads of State and Government from the twenty seven Member states with the
aim, once ratified, of entering into force by the beginning of 2009. It is in any case a general analysis built on the basis of comparing that aforementioned Treaty of amendment with the provisions of the non nata «European Constitution» (2004). And from this later text takes or copies in a large extent the contents although not its formulation and constitutional nature.
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Anwar, Muhammad, Murah, and Muhammad Zainuddin. "IDENTIFIKASI MANFAAT LIMBAH BATANG TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR." Journal Ilmiah Rinjani : Media Informasi Ilmiah Universitas Gunung Rinjani 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53952/jir.v9i2.331.
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Post-harvest management of tobacco commodities in East Lombok Regency is very important considering that the waste of tobacco stems, leaf stalks, seeds, and residues from the oven process still contains nicotine. Efforts need to be made to treat tobacco waste so that harmful risks can be reduced by applying the concept of environmentally friendly agriculture or an eco-farming system. Environmentally friendly agriculture is part of the implementation of sustainable agriculture, which is an agricultural movement that uses ecological principles, the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment. East Lombok's local resources in the form of the availability of tobacco stem waste which is abundant, neglected, and damaging to the aesthetics of the environment requires more in-depth attention to study its benefits into various environmentally friendly products. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. The benefits of tobacco stem waste are as follows: Tobacco stem and stem waste as bio-biket material; Tobacco stems and seeds as biodiesel; Tobacco waste extract granules against aedes aegypti larvae; Tobacco stem waste as biopesticide material; Tobacco stem waste as organic fertilizer; Tobacco stem waste as natural dye for batik and bioinsecticide tobacco stem soaking water. Keywords: Waste, Tobacco Stems, Eco-Farming and East Lombok ABSTRAK Pengelolaan pasca panen komoditas tembakau di Kabupaten Lombok Timur sangat penting dilakukan mengingat limbah batang tembakau, tangkai daun, biji, dan residu dari proses pengovenan masih mengandung nikotin. Perlu dilakukan upaya pengolahan limbah tembakau tersebut agar resiko berbahaya dapat dikurangi dengan menerapkan konsep pertanian yang ramah lingkungan atau eco-farming system. Pertanian ramah lingkungan adalah bagian dari impelementasi pertanian berkelanjutan (sustainable agriculture) yaitu gerakan pertanian yang menggunakan prinsip ekologi, studi hubungan antara organisme dan lingkungannya. Sumberdaya lokal Lombok Timur berupa tersedianya limbah batang tembakau yang melimpah, tidak terurus, dan merusak estetika lingkungan membutuhkan perhatian yang lebih mendalam untuk dikaji manfaatnya menjadi berbagai produk yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research). Manfaat limbah batang tembakau sebagai berikut: Limbah batang dan gagang (stem) tembakau sebagai bahan bio-biket; Batang dan biji tembakau sebagai biodesel; Granul ekstrak limbah tembakau terhadap larva aedes aegypti; Limbah batang tembakau sebagai bahan biopestisida; Limbah batang tembakau sebagai pupuk organik; Limbah batang tembakau sebagai pewarna alami batik dan Air rendaman batang tembakau bioinsektisida. Kata kunci: Limbah, Batang Tembakau, Eco-Farming dan Lombok Timur
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Khotimah, Husnul. "PKM Pemanfaatan Batang Tembakau (Nicotiana Tabacum) sebagai Biopestisida di Bucor Wetan Pakuniran Probolinggo." GUYUB: Journal of Community Engagement 1, no. 2 (November 21, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/guyub.v1i2.1503.
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Tobacco is one of the important agricultural commodities in Bucor Wetan Village, Pakuniran District, Probolinggo Regency. However, tobacco stems (nicotiana tobacum) are often considered as agricultural waste, since a lack of effective treatment is given to them. This community service activity is to utilize tobacco stem waste to be useful by making it a biopesticide to treat pests and diseases in plants. To achieve these goals, this program is by counseling and training to farmer groups on how to make biopesticides from tobacco stems. The results of this activity were: a) the participants’ enthusiasm is more considerable, especially the Farmer Group, to involve with the training, and b) their knowledge of using tobacco stems is more increased, since they have highly today’s economic value.
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Humbert, P., F. Fanian, T. Lihoreau, A. Jeudy, and G. E. Pierard. "Bateman purpura (dermatoporosis): a localized scurvy treated by topical vitamin C - double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 32, no. 2 (September 5, 2017): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14525.
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Novianti, Novianti. "PELINDUNGAN PATEN MELALUI PATENT COOPERATION TREATYDAN REGULATIONS UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PATENT PROTECTION THROUGH PATENT COOPERATION TREATY AND REGULATIONS UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY)." Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v8i2.1071.
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The development of science and technology, especially the emergence of new inventions, has reduced the limits of space and time. In terms of IPR, it challenges us to protect our IPR under IPR law, both at the national level and international level. However, given the fact that the patent issue was raised locally in each country, it’s difficult to uniformize the management and protection of IPR among countries. The problem being raised is that the patent issue is a local issue which is closely intertwined with national sovereignty. Fortunately, there have been efforts to make a technologically-based system in order to integrate the management and protection of IPR at the international level. The system has been successfully made along with the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and Regulations Under the PCT (RUP). All countries need to ratify them to protect the IPR of their citizens at the international level. This research concerns with the arrangement and implementation of patent protection through PCT and RUP. This research concludes that the international conventions have been made to accommodate and guarantee the legal aspect of the Treaty, such as Trips, PCT and WIPO. As a country which has ratified the Treaty, Indonesia has issued Presidential Decree No. 16 of 1997 which is finalized into Law No. 13 of 2016 on Patents (Article 33), stating that applications may be filed under a Patent Cooperation Treaty. This research also points out that although it’s believed that all countries will benefit from PCT and RUP, PCT has not attracted significant numbers of applicants. That means, there is still much work to be done. AbstrakPerkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, dengan munculnya invensi-invensi baru, menyebabkan batasan ruang dan waktu semakin menipis. Dalam kaitannya dengan IPR, perkembangan tersebut menjadi tantangan untuk mewujudkan perlindungan HKI khususnya paten, baik dalam konteks nasional maupun internasional. Akan tetapi, persoalannya selama ini, sangat sulit melakukan penyeragaman pengaturan perlindungan paten antara satu negara dan negara-negara lainnya. Tiap-tiap negara menerapkan aturan pengelolaan dan pelindungan patennya sendiri dengan alasan bahwa paten merupakan suatu hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh suatu negara dan karenanya segala hal yang terkait dengan pengelolaannya tidak bisa tidak menyentuh masalah kedaulatan suatu negara. Perkembangan global, terutama perkembangan iptek, memudahkan penyeragaman pengaturan paten secara internasional sekaligus memberikan pelindungan hukum terhadapnya. Hal itu tampak pada tersedianya suatu sistem yang terintegrasi, yang dapat diberlakukan secara seragam di semua negara yang meratifikasinya, yaitu Patent Cooperation Treaty(PCT) and Regulations Under the PCT. Masalah yang menjadi fokus tulisan ini adalah bagaimana pengaturan pelindungan paten melalui PCT dan bagaimana penerapan pelindungan paten melalui PCT. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengaturan pelindungan paten melalui PCT terdapat dalam beberapa konvensi internasional, antara lain pengaturan Trip’s, PCT, dan WIPO. Dalam hukum nasional, PCT telah diratifikasi dengan Keppres No. 16 Tahun 1997 dan diatur dalam Pasal 33 UU No. 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten, yang menyatakan bahwa permohonan dapat diajukan berdasarkan Traktat Kerja Sama Paten. Dalam penerapannya, permohonan dan pelindungan paten melalui PCT belum menunjukkan perkembangan yang cukup signifikan dan masih banyak ditemukan kendala.
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Eskundari, Ratna Dewi, and Nur Rohimah Hanik. "Pemilihan Bagian Eksplan pada Stek Batang Tanaman Sambung Nyawa." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i2.1791.
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Abstrak: Tanaman sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Daun tanaman ini diketahui mempunyai efek anti peradangan yang dapat mengurangi bahkan mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemilihan bagian batang tanaman sambung nyawa yang mempunyai kapasitas terbaik sebagai eksplan stek. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menanam 3 bagian batang tanaman sambung nyawa yang berbeda, yaitu bagian atas (pucuk sampai dengan 10 cm ke bawah), tengah (bagian batang yang berjarak 10cm dari pucuk sampai 20 cm), dan bawah (bagian batang yang berjarak 20 cm dari pucuk hingga 30 cm). Ketiga jenis eksplan ini ditanam di tanah yang mengandung humus tanpa diberi perlakuan penambahan ZPT. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sepuluh ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara bagian batang dengan panjang daun, tetapi terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dengan lebar daun, panjang tunas, dan panjang akar. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan bagian batang “tengah” dan atau “bawah” sebagai eksplan terbaik dalam usaha perbanyakan tanaman sambung nyawa menggunakan stek. Kata kunci: organogenesis, perbanyakan, sambung nyawa, stek.Abstract: Sambung nyawa plant (Gynura procumbens) is known as one of the plants that are beneficial for human health. The leaves of this plant are known to have anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce and even treat various diseases. This research focused on the selection of the stem part of sambung nyawa plant which has the best capacity as explant cuttings. This research was carried out by planting three different parts of the stem of the plant, namely the upper part (shoots apical up to 10 cm down part), the middle (the stem part that is 10cm from the top to 20 cm down part), and the bottom (the part of the stem which is 20 cm apart from shoots up to 30 cm down part). These three types of explants were planted in soil containing humus without being treated with the addition of PGR(s). This study used a completely randomized design with ten replications. The results showed that there was no significant differences between the stem parts with leaf length parameter, but there were significant differences in leaf width, shoot length, and root length ones. The results of this study were expected to be a reference part of the stem "middle" and or "bottom" as the best explant in the effort to propagate the sambung nyawa plants using cuttings.Keywords: organogenesis, propagation, sambung nyawa, cuttings.
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Gao, Lei, Chenjing Kan, Xin Chen, Shengsong Xu, and Kaihu Shi. "Mechanism of Action of Zhi Gan Cao Decoction for Atrial Fibrillation and Myocardial Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Atrial Fibrillation: A Network Pharmacology-Based Study." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (June 9, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4525873.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF), a commonly seen cardiac disease without optimal curative treatment option, is usually treated by traditional Chinese medicine in China. The Zhi-Gan-Cao decoction (ZGCD) is an alternative medicine for clinical use and has definitive effects. It remains to be defined regarding the specific components and related mechanisms of ZGCD for the treatment of AF. We determined the primary constituents and major targets of the herbs in ZGCD using the TCMSP, HERB, and BATMAN-TCM databases. The UniProt databank database amended and combined the prospective names to supply objective data and records. Every target connected to AF was generated using the GeneCards databank, Drugbank database, TTD, Disgenet database, and OMIM. After identifying possible common targets between ZGCD and AF, the interface network illustration “ZGCD component-AF-target” was created using Cytoscape. We obtained 175 constituents and 839 targets for seven herbal drug categories in the ZGCD and identified 1008 targets of AF. After merging and removing repetitions, 136 collective targets between the ZGCD and AF were removed using the Cytoscape system. These renowned targets were generated from 38 suitable components from among the 157 components. GO enhancement examination and KEGG enrichment analysis by Metascape identified the close connection between the critical target genes and 20 signaling pathways. Then, we injected isoproterenol subcutaneously into the mouse and gave gavage with roasted licorice soup. Two weeks later, mouse were processed and sampled for testing. The results of HE and Masson staining showed that ZGCD effectively alleviated the degree of myocardial fibrosis. As indicated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, ZGCD significantly reduced COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 in myocardial fibrotic tissue to reduce myocardial fibrosis and treat AF by interfering with the expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 in myocardial tissue. ZGCD may treat AF by lowering the degree of myocardial fibrosis.
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Xiong, Zhencheng, Feng Yang, Wenhao Li, Xiangsheng Tang, Haoni Ma, and Ping Yi. "Deciphering Pharmacological Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for Spinal Cord Injury by Network Pharmacology Approach." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9921534.
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Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of the Chinese herbal formula Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), which is commonly used to treat nerve injuries, in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) using a network pharmacology method. Methods. BYHWD-related targets were obtained by mining the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, and SCI-related targets were obtained by mining the DisGeNET, TTD, CTD, GeneCards, and MalaCards databases. The overlapping targets of the abovementioned targets may be potential therapeutic targets for BYHWD anti-SCI. Subsequently, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, screened the hub genes using Cytoscape software, performed Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and finally achieved molecular docking between the hub proteins and key active compounds. Results. The 189 potential therapeutic targets for BYHWD anti-SCI were overlapping targets of 744 BYHWD-related targets and 923 SCI-related targets. The top 10 genes obtained subsequently included AKT1, IL6, MAPK1, TNF, TP53, VEGFA, CASP3, ALB, MAPK8, and JUN. Fifteen signaling pathways were also screened out after enrichment analysis and literature search. The results of molecular docking of key active compounds and hub target proteins showed a good binding affinity for both. Conclusion. This study shows that BYHWD anti-SCI is characterized by a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway synergy and provides new insights to explore the specific mechanisms of BYHWD against SCI.
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Jabbar, Asriullah, Wahyuni Wahyuni, Muh Hajrul Malaka, and Apriliani Apriliani. "Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Buah, Daun, Batang Dan Rimpang Pada Tanaman Wualae (Etlingera Elatior (Jack) R.M Smith)." Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) 5, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.0.v0.i0.13671.
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Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M Smith) is one of the plants in the Zingiberaceae family, widely used in medicine ranging from rhizomes, fruits, and flowers. Empirically Wualae are usually used by people for treating skin diseases, flavoring food, a natural soap, and in Southeast Sulawesi, it is used to treat typhoid fever. This study aims to examine the antioxidant activity of Wualae (Etlingera elatior) plant. The plant extracts were extracted by maceration method, antioxidant activity test was performed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of fruits, leaves, stems and rhizomes of Wualae (Etlingera elatior) has the potential antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 72.518 mg/L, 99.890 mg/L, 52.345 mg/L and 58.638 mg/L, respectively. and Vitamin C has IC50 value of 3,787 mg/L.
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Jabbar, Asriullah, Wahyuni Wahyuni, Muh Hajrul Malaka, and Apriliani Apriliani. "Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Buah, Daun, Batang Dan Rimpang Pada Tanaman Wualae (Etlingera Elatior (Jack) R.M Smith)." Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) 5, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i2.13671.
Full textAbstract:
Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M Smith) is one of the plants in the Zingiberaceae family, widely used in medicine ranging from rhizomes, fruits, and flowers. Empirically Wualae are usually used by people for treating skin diseases, flavoring food, a natural soap, and in Southeast Sulawesi, it is used to treat typhoid fever. This study aims to examine the antioxidant activity of Wualae (Etlingera elatior) plant. The plant extracts were extracted by maceration method, antioxidant activity test was performed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of fruits, leaves, stems and rhizomes of Wualae (Etlingera elatior) has the potential antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 72.518 mg/L, 99.890 mg/L, 52.345 mg/L and 58.638 mg/L, respectively. and Vitamin C has IC50 value of 3,787 mg/L.
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Dadan Ridwanuloh and Fadilah Syarif. "ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVONOID DARI BATANG CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L.)." Pharma Xplore : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 4, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/farmasi.v4i1.619.
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ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan tumbuhan di Indonesia banyak digunakan sebagai obat-obatan herbal dan sebagai upaya mempertahankan kesehatan masyarakat. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo, didapatkan informasi bahwa Ciplukan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antihiperglikemi, antibakteri, antivirus, imunostimulan dan imunosupresan (imunomodulator), antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan sitotoksik. Selain itu dari berbagai laporan tumbuhan ini memiliki banyak khasiat tidak lain karena memiliki kandungan senyawa kimia yang fungsinya dapat mengobati suatu penyakit, salah satu senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam tanaman Ciplukan ini adalah senyawa flavonoid. Berdasarkan dari hal ini maka dilakukanlah penelitian dengan isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung dalam batang tanaman Ciplukan, Physalis angulata L. Metode yang digunakan adalah Uji Fitokomia, Kromatograpi Lapis Tipis, Kromatografi Kolom, dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukan bahwa batang Ciplukan mengandung senyawa Kuinon, flavonoid, saponin, dan monosesquiterpeoid, dan polifenol. Uji KLT dengan eluen n-heksan-etil asetat (7:3) menunjukan kromatogram berwarna biru dengan Rf 0.8 cm. Beberapa fraksi hasil Kromatografi Kolom kemudian di Spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukan senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa flavonoid jenis flavanon.
Kata Kunci : Senyawa Flavonoid, Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.).
ABSTRACT
The use of plants in Indonesia is widely used as herbal medicines and as an effort to maintain public health. One type of plant that is used as herbal medicines is the Ciplukan plant. In addition, from various reports of this plant has many other properties because it contains chemical compounds whose function is to treat a disease, one of the chemical compounds contained in this Ciplukan plant is a flavonoid compound. Based on this, a study was conducted with the isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds contained in the stem of the Ciplukan plant, Physalis angulata L. The methods used were Phytochomia Test, Thin Layer Chromatography, Column Chromatography, and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Phytochemical test results show that the Ciplukan stem contains Kuinon, flavonoid, saponin, and monosesquiterpeoid compounds, and polyphenols. TLC test with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (7: 3) eluent showed a blue chromatogram with Rf 0.8 cm. Several fractions of the results of the chromatography column later on UV-Vis Spectrophotometry showed that the compound was a flavonoid type of flavanone.
Keynote : Flavonoid, Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.).
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Yumita, Yumita, Abdul Rahman Razak, Indriani, and Syaiful Bahri. "ANALISIS KLT BIOAUTOGRAFI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG TANAMAN KAYU JAWA (Lannea coromandelica) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Shigella dysentriae." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.12786.
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Java wood plants (Lannea coromandelica) is a traditional medicinal plant which is still often used by people to treat internal and external wounds. The study aims to determine the effect of solvent polarity in Javanese stem bark extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae, and to identify the compound groups which had an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae with KLT-Bioautography analysis. The results show that the n-hexane extract of Javanese bark is not showing an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae, whereas the ethyl acetate extract and methanol of Javanese bark show an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The results of the TLC-Bioautography test show negative results for Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae.
Keywords: Lannea coromandelica, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentriae, KLT-Bioautografi
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Barus, Bunga Rimta, Delisma Marsauli Simorangkir, Linta Meliala, and Anggun Syahfitri. "PENYULUHAN TENTANG KULIT BATANG SALAM SEBAGAI OBAT ANTIDIARE DI PUSKESMAS PATUMBAK." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Putri Hijau 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpmph.v2i2.823.
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Counseling on the efficacy of the bark of salam which aims to provide benefits about healing diarrhea at the Patumbak Public Health Center in one of the Deli Serdang districts aimed at children aged 6-17 years, by applying promotive and preventive nature through planning, mobilization, implementation, monitoring , control and appraisal. Counseling on the efficacy of the bark of salam at the Public Health Center of Patumbak, Deli Serdang Regency is aimed at increasing understanding to children aged 6-17 years, as well as parents who accompany their children, so that they can identify the symptoms of diarrhea, so that it can prevent or treat it, and malaise. - children and their parents can know the importance of monitoring their children's diet, which is healthy, which parents must take care of. Counseling will be carried out in a lecture style with conditions with discussion and brain storming that stimulates the counseling atmosphere. The evaluation of the activities was assessed from the support of the Patumbak Health Center, the timeliness of implementation, the facilities used, the number of participants who attended the counseling and the participation of the participants. Counseling participants were invited to express opinions, especially the problems faced at the Patumbak Health Center regarding anti-diarrhea so that solutions could be sought together. The results obtained from children and their parents after receiving counseling can understand well the benefits of counseling from the Patumbak Public Health Center regarding the use of the benefits of bay bark for healing. knowledge of the importance of health for their children, Families are willing to provide education and enthusiasm about the importance of the benefits of using bay bark, Parents of children and children aged 6-17 years after receiving counseling can understand well the benefits of counseling from the Patumbak Public Health Center regarding the utilization of the efficacy of the bark of salam for antidiarrheal disease in children aged 6-17 years, which has been described in their minds as just eating delicious food but not necessarily healthy for the body for all children. However, after following the counseling, children – children aged 6-17 years d can understand more fully the benefits of counseling. Community Health Center cadres, who have been providing services to children only in moderation, can change well by providing innovative promotions.
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Fatimah Rahmayani and Siswarni MZ. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BATANG JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ALTERNATIF PADA PENGURANGAN KADAR KLORIN DALAM AIR OLAHAN (TREATED WATER)." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v2i2.1427.
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Various result of agricultural waste that contain high cellulose can be used as an alternative adsorbent. One of them was derived from dried corn stalks which traditionally burnt after harvest that lead to environmental pollution. It is necessary to produce the value-added materials from corn stalks waste as an alternative adsorbent to reduce the level of chlorine in treated water. This process was performed by using various level of sulfuric acid concentration 1%, 3% and 5%, particles size 50 and 70 mesh in 105 oC with adsorbtion time 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The most favorable activation result was obtained at 5% concentration, with particle size 70 mesh, adsorbtion time 90 minutes and the iodine value was 482 mg/l with level of adsorbed chlorine was 96,08%. Based on this findings, we concluded that the corn stalks waste can be used as an alternative adsorbent in reducing the level of chlorine in treated water.
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Suwandri, Suwandri, Hartiwi Diastuti, and Purwati Purwati. "ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTICANDIDAISIS SERBUK BATANG SIRIH DUDUK (Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Ex Hunter)." Molekul 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2007.2.2.33.
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Sirih duduk or Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex Hunter have been long used the people in Indonesia for traditional medicine to cure various diseases. One of them was used to treat fungoid diseases. This research was aimed to examine the anticandidaisis activity from extract of P. sarmentosum bark, isolate and identify anticandidaisis compounds from P. sarmentosum bark. The isolation of bioactive compounds of P. sarmentosum bark was performed by extraction the powder of P. sarmentosum bark using methanol. The methanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethylasetat. The fractions respectively was examined their activity against C. albican. The active extract was then fractionated performed by coloumn chromatography and was then separated performed by thin layer chromatography. Identification of bioactive compound was carry out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that chloroform, ethylasetat and methanol extracts of P. sarmentosum have more activities against C. albicans than miconazol. Bioactive compound from extract of P. sarmentosum bark was bis(2-ethylhexyl)phtalat.
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Siregar, Ike G., Daniel Lantang, and Linus Y. Chrystomo. "Analisis Golongan Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Cemara Laut (Casuarina equisetifolia L.) dan Cemara Gunung (Casuarina junghuhniana Mig.)." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2022): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1687.
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The use of medicinal plants as natural medicine is increasingly trend and developing rapidly to prevent and treat disease, also maintain human health. Spruce plants belong to Casuarinaceae family and Magnoliophyta, generally contain of secondary metabolite compounds such as: alkaloid, saponin, polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin that can be efficacious to cure diseases in human. The purpose of this study was to analyze the secondary metabolites compound of Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Casuarina junghuhniana Mig. using the Fransworth phytochemical screening method of bark ethanol extracts. The analysis of phytochemical screening of spruce bark shows flavonoid, saponin and tannin activity, while the montain spruce shows alkaloid, steroid, saponin and tannin activity. Further research is needed to investigate the ethnopharmaceutical information on the use of the spruce plants as a traditional medicine.Key words: Spruce plants; screening; extract; analysis; phytochemical; secondary metabolite
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Liu, P., B. Han, Y. Zhang, and X. Wang. "Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate the Mechanisms of Lenvatinib in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7102500.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and refractory malignant tumor, ranking the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lenvatinib is currently employed to treat advanced, unresectable HCC as a first-line drug. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of lenvatinib acting on HCC through the analysis of differential expressed genes based on network pharmacology. The target genes of lenvatinib were collected from PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, and BATMAN-TCM online public databases. In addition, related gene targets for HCC were obtained using NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database. Afterward, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to visualize and understand the interaction relationships of overlapping gene targets from both lenvatinib and HCC. Furthermore, according to the data obtained, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that these intersectant genes were mainly enriched in response to xenobiotic stimulus, gland development, ion channel complex, membrane raft, and steroid binding. Besides, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the therapeutic effects of lenvatinib on HCC probably involved bile secretion, MAPK signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway. Moreover, a total of six key differential genes, namely, ALB, CCND1, ESR1, AR, CCNA2, and AURKA, were identified as most significant targets associated with lenvatinib treating HCC and further verified by molecular docking, which demonstrated that lenvatinib had a strong binding efficiency with these six key gene-encoded proteins. Taken together, this study systematically provided new insights for researchers to determine the intervention mechanisms of lenvatinib in HCC therapy.
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Zayani, Nofri, Bela Novita Amaris Susanto, and Eva Marsepa. "Efek Antiinflamasi dan Antipiretik Ekstrak Batang Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) pada Mencit (Mus musculus L.)." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 8, no. 1 (August 10, 2022): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v8i1.491.
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Exploration of the plants used to treat inflammation and fever continues to grow. One of the plants with great potential is Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk). Phytochemical test results showed bajakah contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, and terpenoids that function as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic so as to reduce inflammation and fever. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of Bajakah stem extract (EBB) on the edema area and leukocyte numbers, as well as its antipyretic effect on the rectal temperature of mices. Total experimental study design with a completely randomized factorial design consisted of 5 treatments (EBB doses 0, 25, 50, 100 and aspirin 80 mg/kg) and 4 replications. EBB was extracted by maceration with 70% ethanol. Mices used were 20 healthy males, aged 13-14 weeks, and weighed 30-35 grams. 1% carrageenan was used to induce inflammation and baker's yeast was used to induce fever. EBB is given orally after 30 minutes of inflammation and an increase in rectal temperature. Data were analyzed by variance analysis (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 1% level. The results showed that EBB administration had an effect on reducing edema area and leukocyte numbers after 1% carrageenan induced, and the rectal temperature of mices after baker's yeast induced. In conclusion, EBB has good anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects with the most effective dose of 25 mg/kg.
Keywords: Bajakah tampala, Edema, Leukocytes, Rectal temperature
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Nasution, Aswarina, Tatik Chikmawati, Eko Baroto Walujo, and Ervizal A. M. Zuhud. "PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT SECARA EMPIRIS PADA SUKU MANDAILING DI TAMAN NASIONAL BATANG GADIS SUMATERA UTARA." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v5i1.2772.
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Empirical Utilization of Medicinal Plant on Mandailing Tribe in Batang Gadis National Park North SumatraABSTRACTMandailing tribe is an indigenous tribe that inhabits the area around Batang Gadis National Park (BGNP), North Sumatra. They have knowledge related to the use of plants for traditional medicine. Nevertheless, the information about this local knowledge is not uncover yet. This study aims to reveal the knowledge of the Mandailing tribe in utilizing plants as a traditional medicine. The research location was in 4 villages around BGNP. Data were collected through interviews with respondents and direct survey in the field. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results showed that there were about 81 plant species used for treatment covered in 38 families to treat 41 types of diseases. The most widely used medicinal plant species are from the Compositae family. Herbs dominant used by the community as a medicinal plant comprised 50 species of plants. The high diversity of medicinal plants indicated that utilization of plants for health is the main priorities of a Mandailing tribe.Keywords: Biodiversity, disease, local knowledge, Mandailing tribe, traditional medicine ABSTRAKSuku Mandailing merupakan suku asli yang mendiami kawasan di sekitar Taman Nasional Batang Gadis (TNBG), Sumatra Utara. Mereka memiliki pengetahuan terkait pemanfaatan tumbuhan untuk obat tradisional. Namun informasi terkait pengetahuan lokal tersebut belum diungkapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pengetahuan Suku Mandailing dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional. Lokasi penelitian berada di 4 desa di sekitar TNBG. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan respoden serta survey langsung di lapangan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada sekitar 81 spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk pengobatan yang tercakup dalam 38 famili untuk mengobati 41 jenis penyakit. Spesies tumbuhan obat yang paling banyak digunakan berasal dari Famili Compositae. Habitus herba dominan digunakan masyarakat sebagai tumbuhan obat yang meliputi 50 spesies tumbuhan. Tingginya keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan tumbuhan untuk kesehatan adalah prioritas utama Suku Mandailing. Kata Kunci: Biodiversitas, suku Mandailing, obat tradisional, pengetahuan lokal, penyakit
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Al-Batran, S., M. Scholz, and E. Jäger. "Anthracycline-rechallenge using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC): A meta-analysis using pooled individual data from four prospective trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1047.
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1047 Background: Few data are available on the efficacy of anthracycline rechallenge using PLD. Methods: Pooled individual data from 4 prospective trials (Keller, J Clin Oncol. 2004; O'Brien, Ann Oncol. 2004; Al-Batran, Br J Cancer. 2006; and Al-Batran, Oncology. 2006) were utilized to evaluate the activity of PLD in pts with MBC previously treated with conventional anthracyclines. Primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR), defined as objective response or stable disease, both lasting ≥ 6 months. CBR was assessed in the entire group (primary hypothesis CBR ≥ 30%) and in pre-defined subgroups of pts depending on the most important features of their prior anthracycline-based therapy. Results: The studies comprised a total 935 pts, of whom 274 pts had received PLD after prior exposure to conventional anthracyclines. At the time of PLD therapy, these (274) pts were heavily pre-treated for MBC (median lines of previous chemotherapy 4, range 1 to 9, and 93.4% of pts received PLD after ≥ 2 previous chemotherapies for MBC). Prior anthracycline treatment was adjuvant, anti-metastatic, or both in 14%, 46%, or 40% of pts, respectively. The overall CBR from PLD was 32.2% (95% CI, 26.7%-37.8%), with no difference between pts who were considered anthracycline resistant (based on the study records) and those who were not (31.9% vs. 31.6%, respectively; p = 1). There was also no difference in CBR from PLD between pts who received prior anthracyclines adjuvant only (33.3%), anti-metastatic only (34.4%) or both (29.4%; p = 0.71). There was a trend towards a higher CBR in pts who received PLD at > 12 months vs ≤ 12 months since the end of their prior conventional anthracycline treatment (34.2% vs. 26.3%, respectively; p = 0.21). Higher CBR (up to 47%) and longer survival times were observed in pts without taxane pretreatment or with a low number of previous chemotherapies, most likely reflecting a less advanced disease in these pts. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates a clinical benefit from PLD in MBC pts previously treated with multiple chemotherapies, including anthracyclines. Interestingly, the CBR was independent of resistance to, setting of, or time since previous conventional anthracycline therapy. [Table: see text]
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Kravtsova, E. I., I. I. Kutsenko, I. O. Borovikov, and S. K. Batmen. "Nutrition and nutritional support during pregnancy." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 4 (2020): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-233-241.
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Increased nutrient needs during pregnancy are accounted for by physiological changes in the maternal organism and requirements of the developing and growing baby. They are realized through a number of physiological adaptations in nutrient metabolism. Physiological pregnancy and adequate fetal development are impossible in deficient nutrients, vitamins, and microelements. Randomized clinical trials in pregnant women have demonstrated that nutrient deficiency in the maternal organism results in pregnancy complications and health problems in the newborn but also accounts for a wide range of chronic disorders among the offspring. Probiotics improve digestive health in pregnant women and affect epigenetic programming of human homeostasis that predisposes to dysbiosis, allergies, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Prevention of vitamin and probiotic deficiency during pre-pregnancy planning, pregnancy, and breastfeeding focuses on ensuring that vitamin intake from food meets the requirements for these nutrients. Complex vitamin supplements containing probiotics treat alimentary deficiency and contribute to the favorable course of pregnancy and fetal development. KEYWORDS: nutrition, woman’s health, pregnancy, vitamins, probiotics, nutrient deficiency. FOR CITATION: Kravtsova E.I., Kutsenko I.I., Borovikov I.O., Batmen S.K. Nutrition and nutritional support during pregnancy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):233–240. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-233-241.
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Saoki, Saoki. "BATAS HAK SUAMI DALAM MEMPERLAKUKAN ISTRI SAAT NUSYUZ DAN SANKSI PIDANANYA ." AL-HUKAMA' 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2016.6.2.251-274.
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Abstract: This study wants to answer two problems: first, the limit where the husband’s rights treat his nuzuz wife; and second, the provision of criminal sanction for the husband who goes beyond the limit of such rights. This research uses the normative research approach. Hopefully, through this approach it can be seen the limit of the husband’s rights in threatening his nuzuz wife and the criminal sanction for the husband who goes beyond the limit of such rights. The result of the research concludes that Islam gives the boundary to the husband’s rights toward his nuzuz wife: first, the persuasive right and physical sanction through the media of mentoring. The next step is through ‘bed separation’ and then physical sanction in the way of beating that does not hurt and injure; second, the right not to give the maintenance; and third is a divorce right. The husband’s action in implementing his rights that exceeds the limit of physical sanctions such as physical violence to hurt, injure, and harm, or psychological violence such as intimidation that causes severe trauma, according to KUHP and Undang-Undang no. 24 tahun 2004, can be subject to criminal sanction. Abstrak: Studi ini ingin menjawab dua permasalahan. Pertama, Sampai di mana batasan hak-hak suami dalam memperlakukan istri yang nusyuz. Kedua, bagaimana ketentuan sanksi pidana bagi suami yang melampaui batas-batas haknya tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan (teori) normatif research. Diharapkan melalui pendekatan ini dapat diketahui batasan hak-hak suami dalam memperlakukan istri yang nusyuz dan sanksi pidana bagi suami yang melampaui batas-batas haknya. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Islam memberi batasan hak suami pada istri yang sedang nusyuz; pertama, hak persuasif dan sanksi fisik melalui tahapan pemberian nasehat, lalu tahap berikutnya melalui pisah ranjang, lalu kemudian sanksi fisik melalui cara memukul yang tidak sampai menyakiti bahkan mencederai atau melukai, yang bersifat mendidik dan memberi pelajaran. Kedua, hak tidak memberi nafkah, dan ketiga hak talak. Tindakan suami dalam menggunakan hak sanksi fisik yang melebihi batas seperti adanya kekerasan fisik yang menyakiti, melukai atau mencederai, atau kekerasan psikis seperti intimidasi yang menimbulkan trauma berat, menurut KUHP dan UU No. 23 Tahun 2004, tindakan suami tersebut dapat dikenai sanksi pidana. Kata Kunci: Hak suami, nusyuz, dan sanksi pidana
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Zhang, Hui, Wenchao Dan, Qingyong He, Jianbo Guo, Shuang Dai, Xiaoshan Hui, Peipei Meng, Qianqian Cao, Wingyan Yun, and Xinyuan Guo. "Exploring the Biological Mechanism of Huang Yam in Treating Tumors and Preventing Antitumor Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 25, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9988650.
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Drugs for the treatment of tumors could result in cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to explore the anticancer properties of Huang yam as well as its cardioprotective properties using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The cardiovascular targets of the major chemical components of Huang yam were obtained from the following databases: TCMSP, ETCM, and BATMAN-TCM. The active ingredients of Huang yam were obtained from SwissADME. The cardiovascular targets of antitumor drugs were obtained using GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, DisGeNET, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. The drug-disease intersection genes were used to construct a drug-compound-target network using Cytoscape 3.7.1. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape’s BisoGenet, and the core targets of Huang yam were screened to determine their antitumor properties and identify the cardiovascular targets based on topological parameters. Potential targets were imported into the Metascape platform for GO and KEGG analysis. The results were saved and visualized using R software. The components with higher median values in the network were molecularly docked with the core targets. The network contained 10 compounds, including daucosterol, delusive, dioxin, panthogenin-B, and 124 targets, such as TP53, RPS27A, and UBC. The GO function enrichment analysis showed that there were 478 items in total. KEGG enrichment analysis showed a total of 140 main pathways associated with abnormal transcription of cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cell cycle, cancer pathway, ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis, and other pathways. Molecular docking results showed that daucosterol, delusive, dioxin, and panthogenin-B had the highest affinity for TP53, RPS27A, and UBC. The treatment of diseases using traditional Chinese medicine encompasses multiple active ingredients, targets, and pathways. Huang yam has the potential to treat cardiotoxicity caused by antitumor drugs.
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Guo, Kuiting, Tiancheng Wang, Enjing Luo, Xiangyang Leng, and Baojin Yao. "Use of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology to Analyze the Mechanism of Action of Velvet Antler in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (October 11, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7144529.
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Deer velvet antlers are the young horns of male deer that are not ossified and densely overgrown. Velvet antler and its preparations have been widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in recent years, although its mechanism of action in the human body remains unclear. To screen the effective ingredients and targets of velvet antler in the treatment of PMOP using network pharmacology and to explore the potential mechanisms of velvet antler action in such treatments, we screened the active ingredients and targets of velvet antler in the BATMAN-TCM database. We also screened the relevant targets of PMOP in the GeneCards and OMIM databases and then compared the targets at the intersection of both velvet antler and PMOP. We used Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct a network diagram of “disease-drug-components-targets” and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network through the STRING database and screened out the core targets; the R language was then used to analyze the shared targets between antler and PMOP for GO-enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway-annotation analysis. Furthermore, we used the professional software Maestro 11.1 to verify the predictive analysis based on network pharmacology. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT were used to observe the changes in trabecular bone tissue, further confirming the results of network pharmacological analysis. The potentially effective components of velvet antler principally include 17β-E2, adenosine triphosphate, and oestrone. These components act on key target genes such as AKT1, IL6, MAPK3, TP53, EGFR, SRC, and TNF and regulate the PI3K/Akt-signaling and MAPK-signaling pathways. These molecules participate in a series of processes such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation and can ultimately be used to treat PMOP; they reflect the overall regulation, network regulation, and protein interactions.
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Zhuang, Zhenjie, Qianying Chen, Cihui Huang, Junmao Wen, Haifu Huang, and Zhanhua Liu. "A Comprehensive Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate Multiple Mechanisms of HeChan Tablet on Lung Cancer." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (May 30, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7658342.
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Background. HeChan tablet (HCT) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation extensively prescribed to treat lung cancer in China. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of HCT on lung cancer remain to be elucidated. Methods. A comprehensive network pharmacology-based strategy was conducted to explore underlying mechanisms of HCT on lung cancer. Putative targets and compounds of HCT were retrieved from TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases; related genes of lung cancer were retrieved from OMIM and DisGeNET databases; known therapeutic target genes of lung cancer were retrieved from TTD and DrugBank databases; PPI networks among target genes were constructed to filter hub genes by STRING. Furthermore, the pathway and GO enrichment analysis of hub genes was performed by clusterProfiler, and the clinical significance of hub genes was identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Result. A total of 206 compounds and 2,433 target genes of HCT were obtained. 5,317 related genes of lung cancer and 77 known therapeutic target genes of lung cancer were identified. 507 unique target genes were identified among HCT-related genes of lung cancer and 34 unique target genes were identified among HCT-known therapeutic target genes of lung cancer. By PPI networks, 11 target genes AKT1, TP53, MAPK8, JUN, EGFR, TNF, INS, IL-6, MYC, VEGFA, and MAPK1 were identified as major hub genes. IL-6, JUN, EGFR, and MYC were shown to associate with the survival of lung cancer patients. Five compounds of HCT， quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, and baicalein were recognized as key compounds of HCT on lung cancer. The gene enrichment analysis implied that HCT probably benefitted patients with lung cancer by modulating the MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Conclusion. This study predicted pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of HCT against lung cancer and could pave the way for further experimental research and clinical application of HCT.
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Liang, Jiajun, Mengli Wu, Chen Bai, Chongyang Ma, Peng Fang, Weixin Hou, Xiaoyi Wei, Qiuyun Zhang, and Yuqiong Du. "Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Potential Mechanisms of Jieduan-Niwan Formula Treating Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (December 30, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1041307.
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Background. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome with acute jaundice and coagulation dysfunction caused by various inducements on the basis of chronic liver disease. Western medical treatment is limited. Previous studies have confirmed that Jieduan-Niwan Formula (JDNW Formula), an empirical prescription for the treatment of ACLF, can inhibit inflammation and resist hepatocyte apoptosis. However, potential targets and mechanisms still need to be explored. Methods. In this study, network pharmacological analysis was performed to investigate the key components and potential mechanisms of JDNW Formula treating ACLF. Firstly, we predicted the potential active ingredients of JDNW Formula and the corresponding potential targets through TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM platform, and literature supplement. Then, the ACLF targets database was built using OMIM, DisGeNET, and GeneCard database. Based on the matching targets between JDNW Formula and ACLF, the PPI network was constructed for MCODE analysis and common targets were enriched by Metascape. Furthermore, the ACLF rat model was used to verify the potential mechanism of JDNW Formula in treating ACLF. Results. 132 potential bioactive components of JDNW Formula and 168 common targets were obtained in this study. The enrichment analysis shows that the AMPK signaling pathway was associated with the treating effects of JDNW Formula. Quercetin was hypothesized to be the key bioactive ingredient in JDNW Formula and has a good binding affinity to AMPK based on molecular docking verification. JDNW Formula and quercetin were verified to treat ACLF by regulating the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway as a prediction. Conclusion. The study predicted potential mechanisms of JDNW Formula in the treatment of ACLF, involving downregulation of inflammatory factor expression, antioxidant stress, and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis. JDNW Formula may improve mitochondrial quality in ACLF via the AMPK signaling pathway, which serves as a guide for further study.
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Pujiati, Anik, and R. Retariandalas. "Utilization of Domestic Waste for Bar Soap and Enzyme Cleanner (Ecoenzyme) [Pemanfaatan Limbah Rumah Tangga Untuk Pembuatan Sabun Batang Dan Pembersih Serbaguna (Ecoenzym)]." Proceeding of Community Development 2 (February 21, 2019): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.489.
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Most of the waste problems come from household waste, both organic and inorganic waste. Household waste if managed properly can be a resource. The purpose of the community serviced activities that we have done is to utilized household waste into valuable products, the waste we treat is used cooking oil and fruit skin waste. Used cooking oil is residual frying oil which can be harmful to health if consumed or if thrown into the environment. While fruit and vegetable skin waste as domestic waste with the largest percentage will have to be handled so that it can reduce the volume of waste. In this community service, we provide knowledge in the form of household waste management, how to make bar soap from used cooking oil and cleaning fluid from fruit skin waste and its application to daily life. With direct practice, housewives as participants in this training were very enthusiastic about participating in this program, because, in addition to being able to reduce waste to landfill, they could also save on monthly expenses to buy cleaning materials.
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Zeng, Liying, Shaodan Sun, Peiwen Chen, Qina Ye, Xiaoling Lin, Hongjun Wan, Yawen Cai, and Xiaogang Chen. "Mechanism of Peitu Shengjin Formula Shenlingbaizhu Powder in Treating Bronchial Asthma and Allergic Colitis through Different Diseases with Simultaneous Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4687788.
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Background. Shenlingbaizhu powder (SLBZP), one of the classic Earth-cultivating and gold-generating prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various diseases. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of SLBZP on bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic colitis (AC) remain to be elucidated. Methods. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the potential mechanism of SLBZP in treating BA and AC with the simultaneous treatment of different diseases. The potential active compounds of SLBZP and their corresponding targets were obtained from BATMAN-TCM, ETCM, SymMap TCM@TAIWAN, and TCMSP databases. BA and AC disease targets were collected through DisGeNET, TTD, GeneCards, PharmGKB, OMIM, NCBI, The Human Phenotype Ontology, and DrugBank databases. Common targets for drugs and diseases were screened by using the bioinformatics and evolutionary genomics platform. The analyses and visualizations of Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of common targets were carried out by R software. The key targets were screened by using the plug-in “cytoHubba” of Cytoscape software, and the “active compound-key target” network was constructed. Molecular docking analysis was performed using AutoDock software. The miRTarBase database was used to predict microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting key targets, and the key target-miRNA network was constructed. Result. Through screening, 246 active compounds and 281 corresponding targets were obtained. Common targets were mainly enriched in 2933 biological processes and 182 signal pathways to play the role of treating BA and AC. There were 131 active compounds related to key targets. The results of molecular docking showed that the important active compounds in SLBZP had good binding ability with the key targets. The key target-miRNA network showed that 94 miRNAs were predicted. Conclusion. SLBZP has played the role of treating different diseases with the same treatment on BA and AC through the characteristics of multicompound, multitarget, and multipathway of traditional Chinese medicine, which provides a theoretical basis for explaining the mechanism and clinical application of SLBZP treating different diseases with the same treatment in BA and AC.
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Chen, Yangdi, Fanggang Bi, and Zixue Sun. "A network pharmacology approach to determine the underlying mechanisms of action of Yishen Tongluo formula for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e0252906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252906.
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Oligoasthenozoospermia is a complex disease caused by a variety of factors, and its incidence is increasing yearly worldwide. Yishen Tongluo formula (YSTLF), created by Professor Sun Zixue, has been used to treat oligoasthenozoospermia in clinical practice for several decades with a good therapeutic effect. However, the chemical and pharmacological profiles of YSTLF remain unclear and need to be elucidated. In this study, a network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of YSTLF in oligoasthenozoospermia treatment. All of the compounds in YSTLF were retrieved from the corresponding databases, and the bioactive ingredients were screened according to their oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL). The potential proteins of YSTLF were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database and the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database, while the potential genes of oligoasthenozoospermia were obtained from the GeneCards database and the DisGeNET database. The STRING database was used to construct an interaction network according to the common targets identified by the online tool Venny for YSTLF and oligoasthenozoospermia. The topological characteristics of nodes were visualized and analyzed through Cytoscape. Biological functions and significant pathways were determined and analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Metascape. Finally, the disease-formula-compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape. A total of 106 bioactive ingredients and 134 potential targets from YSTLF were associated with oligoasthenozoospermia or considered to be therapeutically relevant. Pathway analysis indicated that the PI3K/Akt, MAPK and apoptosis signaling pathways were significant pathways involved in oligoasthenozoospermia. In conclusion, the current study expounded the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of YSTLF in treating oligoasthenozoospermia from a holistic viewpoint. The potential molecular mechanisms were closely related to antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis and anti-inflammation, with TNF, CCND1, ESR1, NFKBIA, NR3C1, MAPK8, and IL6 being possible targets. This network pharmacology prediction may offer a helpful tool to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of the Chinese herbal compound YSTLF in oligoasthenozoospermia treatment.
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Rollando, Rollando, and Rokiy Alfanaar. "ISOLASI SENYAWA TURUNAN NAPTOKUINON DARI KULIT BATANG FALOAK (Sterculia quadrifida R.BR) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER PADA SEL KANKER PAYUDARA JENIS T47D." CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) 5, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ck.2017.v05.i01.p02.
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ABSTRAK: Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) digunakan secara empiris oleh penduduk Nusa Tenggara Timur untuk mengobati hepatitis, tifus, maag, dan pemulih stamina. Informasi senyawa aktif yang terkandung didalam kulit faloak secara spesifik belum dipublikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terdapat didalam kulit faloak sebagai antikanker. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi, isolasi menggunakan metode isolasi bertingkat, elusidasi menggunakan penggabungan informasi dari spektra IR, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR dan LC-MS, dan uji aktivitas antikanker pada sel kanker payudara T47D menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil isolasi diperoleh isolat turunan senyawa naptokuinon yaitu 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione yang aktif sebagai antikanker dengan nilai IC50 pada sel kanker payudara sebesar 9,88 µg/mL dan dengan nilai selektivitas indeks sebesar 30,23.
ABSTRACT: Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is used empirically by residents of East Nusa Tenggara to treat hepatitis, typhoid, ulcers, and stamina restorers. The information of the active compounds contained in the faloak skin is not specifically published. This study aims to determine the active compounds contained in the bark of faloak as anticancer. The extraction was conducted with maceration method followed by a multilevel isolation method. The elucidation was carried out using information of IR spectra, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and LC-MS. The anticancer activity test on T47D breast cancer cells was also conducted using MTT method. Based on the results obtained, the active compound is naphthoquinone derivative compound which is 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho [1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione that has anticancer activity on breast cancer cell (T47D) with IC50 value of 9.88 µg/mL and index selectivity value of 30.23.
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Li, Dan, Longtao Liu, Shengjie Yang, Yanwei Xing, Limin Pan, Ran Zhao, Yixi Zhao, Guirui Huang, and Min Wu. "Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Huzhang–Shanzha Herb Pair against Coronary Heart Disease by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5569666.
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Background. Coronary heart disease (CHD) seriously affects human health, and its pathogenesis is closely related to atherosclerosis. The Huzhang (the root of Polygonum cuspidatum)–Shanzha (the fruit of Crataegus sp.), a classic herb pair, has been widely used for the treatment of CHD. In recent years, Huzhang–Shanzha herb pair (HSHP) was found to have a wide range of effects in CHD; however, its therapeutic specific mechanisms remain to be further explored. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HSHP in the treatment of CHD using a network pharmacology analysis approach. Methods. The Batman-TCM database was used to explore bioactive compounds and corresponding targets of HSHP. CHD disease targets were extracted from Genecards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD, and DrugBank databases. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING web platform and Cytoscape software. GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were carried out on the Metascape web platform. Finally, molecular docking of the active components was assessed to verify the potential targets of HSHP to treat CHD by the AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software. Results. Totally, 243 active components and 2459 corresponding targets of LDP were screened out. Eighty-five common targets of HSHP and CHD were identified. The results of the network analysis showed that resveratrol, anthranone, emodin, and ursolic acid could be defined as four therapeutic components. TNF, ESR1, NFКB1, PPARG, INS, TP53, NFКBIA, AR, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, PTGS2, and NR3C1 might be the 12 key targets. These targets were mainly involved in the regulation of biological processes, such as inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. Enrichment analysis showed that the identified genes were mainly involved in fluid shear force, insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and lipid metabolism pathways to contribute to CHD. This suggests that resveratrol, anthranone, emodin, and ursolic acid from HSHP can be the main therapeutic components of atherosclerosis. Conclusion. Using network pharmacology, we provide new clues on the potential mechanism of action of HSHP in the treatment of CHD, which may be closely related to the fluid shear force, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response.
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Sutrisno, Reynaldi, Eding Iskak Imananto, and Mohammad Erfan. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BETON SEBAGAI PENGGANTI AGREGAT KASAR 10/10 PADA LAPISAN ATB (ASPHALT TREATED BASE) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL." SONDIR 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/sondir.v5i2.4196.
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ABSTRAK
Perkerasan jalan merupakan bagian dari jalan yang berupa campuran agregat, bahan pengikat dan bahan pengisi (filler). Komposisi material campuran perkerasan aspal mempengaruhi kualitas pada campuran. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah beton sebagai pengganti agregat kasar pada Campuran ATB, dikarenakan kurangnya pemanfaatan limbah beton. Limbah beton yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari Laboraturium Bahan Kontruksi Universitas Negeri Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan limbah beton sebagai pengganti agregat kasar 10/10 pada campuran ATB ditinjau dari karateristik Marshall. Kemudian melakukan pembuatan benda uji sebanyak 27 buah dilanjutkan dengan pengujian menggunakan metode Marshall Test di laboratorium bahan kontruksi Teknik Sipil Institut teknologi nasional malang. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka diperoleh : Agregat limbah beton yang berasal dari Laboraturium Bahan Kontruksi Universitas Negeri Malang telah memenuhi spesifikasi dan layak digunakan sebagai campuran perkerasan jalan. Penggunaan limbah beton sebagai bahan pengganti agregat kasar 10/10 pada lapisan ATB berpengaruh atau memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil pengujian hipotesis, dimana Fhitung > Ftabel. Nilai stabilitas pada kadar limbah beton 0% sebesar 1048,56 kg dan pada kadar limbah beton 100% sebesar 842,41 kg. nilai karakteristik yang diharapkan pada campuran memenuhi batasan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Dinas Bina Marga 2018 seperti nilai stabilitas, flow.
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Chen, Xiao-Li, Cheng Tang, Qing-Ling Xiao, Zhong-Hua Pang, Dan-Dan Zhou, Jin Xu, Qi Wang, Ya-xi Zhao, and Qi-Yong Zhu. "Mechanism of Fei-Xian Formula in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis on the Basis of Network Pharmacology Analysis Combined with Molecular Docking Validation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6658395.
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Objective. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of Fei-Xian formula (FXF) in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology analysis combined with molecular docking validation. Methods. Firstly, ingredients in FXF with pharmacological activities, together with specific targets, were identified based on the BATMA-TCM and TCMSP databases. Then, targets associated with pulmonary fibrosis, which included pathogenic targets as well as those known therapeutic targets, were screened against the CTD, TTD, GeneCards, and DisGeNet databases. Later, Cytoscape was employed to construct a candidate component-target network of FXF for treating pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, for nodes within the as-constructed network, topological parameters were calculated using CytoHubba plug-in, and the degree value (twice as high as the median degree value for all the nodes) was adopted to select core components as well as core targets of FXF for treating pulmonary fibrosis, which were subsequently utilized for constructing the core network. Furthermore, molecular docking study was carried out on those core active ingredients together with the core targets using AutoDock Vina for verifying results of network pharmacology analysis. At last, OmicShare was employed for enrichment analysis of the core targets. Results. Altogether 12 active ingredients along with 13 core targets were identified from our constructed core component-target network of FXF for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. As revealed by enrichment analysis, the 13 core targets mostly concentrated in regulating biological functions, like response to external stimulus (from oxidative stress, radiation, UV, chemical substances, and virus infection), apoptosis, cell cycle, aging, immune process, and protein metabolism. In addition, several pathways, like IL-17, AGE-RAGE, TNF, HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, NOD-like receptor, T/B cell receptor, and virus infection-related pathways, exerted vital parts in FXF in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions. FXF can treat pulmonary fibrosis through a “multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway” mean. Findings in this work lay foundation for further exploration of the FXF mechanism in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Astria, Qorie, Sri Nuryati, Kukuh Nirmala, and Alimuddin Alimuddin. "Effectiveness of ambon banana stem juice as immunostimulatory against Aeromonas hydrophila infections in catfish Clarias gariepinus." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.154-163.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Outbreaks of infectious diseases due to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in catfish can cause high death rates (80–100%). Fish disease control can be done using phytopharmaceutical to prevent or treat diseases of fish. One of the phytopharmaceutical that known to prevent the fish diseases is ambon banana stem <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of catfish immersion using banana stem juice as an immunostimulant against bacterial infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The observed parameters were a total performance of production, hematological test, and water quality. Immersion of catfish seeds with stem juice was performed at a concentration of 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, and 21 mL/L for 30 minutes. Each treatment consisted of three replications. A total of 15 fishes were immersed in 1.5 L water. At day-9 after immersion, fish was infected by <em>A. hydrophila</em> bacteria at a dose of 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. The results showed that fish treated with banana stem juice at a concentration of 13 mL/L had the survival rate of 53.33±6.67% which is higher than positive control (33.33±6.67%). Based on hematology observations on the 3rd day post-challenge test (H12) with <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, differential leukocyte, and lysozyme activity was highest in treatment13 mL/L. Lower feed conversion ratio (1.08±0.04) were also obtained in treatment 13 mL/L. Thus Immersion of seeds in stem juice can boost the immune system against infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, ambon banana stem juice, soaking, catfish, immune system</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Wabah penyakit akibat infeksi <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> pada ikan lele dapat menyebabkan tingkat kematian yang tinggi (80–100%). Penanggulangan penyakit ikan dapat dilakukan menggunakan fitofarmaka untuk mencegah ataupun mengobati penyakit ikan. Salah satu fitofarmaka yang dapat digunakan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit ikan adalah batang pisang ambon lumut <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas perendaman benih ikan lele dengan menggunakan air perasan batang pisang ambon sebagai imunostimulan terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian adalah kinerja produksi, uji hematologi dan pengukuran kualitas air. Perendaman benih ikan lele dengan air perasan dilakukan pada konsentrasi 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, dan 21 mL/L selama 30 menit. Pada hari ke-9 setelah perendaman, ikan diinfeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila </em>pada kepadatan 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman ikan dengan air perasan pada konsentrasi 13 mL/L memiliki kelangsungan hidup yakni sebesar 53,33±6,67%, lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (33,33±6,67%). Berdasarkan pengamatan pada uji hematologi hari ke-3 pascauji tantang (H12) dengan bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total eritrosit, hemoglobin, total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, dan aktivitas lisozim tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi 13 mL/L. Rasio konversi pakan yang rendah (1,08±0,04) juga terdapat pada perlakuan 13 mL/L. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perendaman benih ikan lele pada air perasan dapat meningkatkan sistem imun terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, air perasan batang pisang ambon, perendaman, ikan lele, sistem imun</p>
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Astria, Qorie, Sri Nuryati, Kukuh Nirmala, and Alimuddin Alimuddin. "Effectiveness ambon banana stem juice as immunostimulatory against Aeromonas hydrophila infections in catfish Clarias gariepinus." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.165-174.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Outbreaks of infectious diseases due to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in catfish can cause high death rates (80–100%). Fish disease control can be done using phytopharmaceutical to prevent or treat diseases of fish. One of the phytopharmaceutical that known to prevent the fish diseases is ambon banana stem <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of catfish immersion using banana stem juice as an immunostimulant against bacterial infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The observed parameters were a total performance of production, hematological test, and water quality. Immersion of catfish seeds with stem juice was performed at a concentration of 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, and 21 mL/L for 30 minutes. Each treatment consisted of three replications. A total of 15 fishes were immersed in 1.5 L water. At day-9 after immersion, fish was infected by <em>A. hydrophila</em> bacteria at a dose of 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. The results showed that fish treated with banana stem juice at a concentration of 13 mL/L had the survival rate of 53.33±6.67% which is higher than positive control (33.33±6.67%). Based on hematology observations on the 3rd day post-challenge test (H12) with <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, differential leukocyte, and lysozyme activity was highest in treatment13 mL/L. Lower feed conversion ratio (1.08±0.04) were also obtained in treatment 13 mL/L. Thus Immersion of seeds in stem juice can boost the immune system against infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, ambon banana stem juice, soaking, catfish, immune system</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Wabah penyakit akibat infeksi <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> pada ikan lele dapat menyebabkan tingkat kematian yang tinggi (80–100%). Penanggulangan penyakit ikan dapat dilakukan menggunakan fitofarmaka untuk mencegah ataupun mengobati penyakit ikan. Salah satu fitofarmaka yang dapat digunakan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit ikan adalah batang pisang ambon lumut <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas perendaman benih ikan lele dengan menggunakan air perasan batang pisang ambon sebagai imunostimulan terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian adalah kinerja produksi, uji hematologi dan pengukuran kualitas air. Perendaman benih ikan lele dengan air perasan dilakukan pada konsentrasi 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, dan 21 mL/L selama 30 menit. Pada hari ke-9 setelah perendaman, ikan diinfeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila </em>pada kepadatan 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman ikan dengan air perasan pada konsentrasi 13 mL/L memiliki kelangsungan hidup yakni sebesar 53,33±6,67%, lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (33,33±6,67%). Berdasarkan pengamatan pada uji hematologi hari ke-3 pascauji tantang (H12) dengan bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total eritrosit, hemoglobin, total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, dan aktivitas lisozim tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi 13 mL/L. Rasio konversi pakan yang rendah (1,08±0,04) juga terdapat pada perlakuan 13 mL/L. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perendaman benih ikan lele pada air perasan dapat meningkatkan sistem imun terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, air perasan batang pisang ambon, perendaman, ikan lele, sistem imun</p>
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Herrera-Cepeda, Jorge I., Roger R. Devis-Hazim, Maira L. Urdaneta-Herrera, and Glenda R. Marquez-Herrera. "Successful Peripheral Stem Cell Autologous Engraftment in Skin of a Patient with Severe Dermal Atrophy and Senile Purpura. First Venezuelan Report." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4908.4908.
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Abstract Background: Severe skin manifestations, lacerations, ecchymoses and other extravasations have always been a medical problem in patients usually older than 65 y/o and sometimes are associated to depressive conditions. It is a common degenerative status as expression of aging and known as Senile Purpura (SP). Pathophysiological bases of this disorder have been associated with skin atrophy, loss of adipose tissue, elastin and collagen with decreased support of vascularity and blood extravasations. Despite early clinical recognition by Bateman in 1817, any topic nor systemic treatment has been successful. Material and Methods: Patient A.P. 67 y/o, MD, in good clinical conditions, consulted for multiples ecchymoses and several abrasions areas after minimal traumas on extensor surface of skin of both forearms and dorsum of hands. His blood counts revealed Hgb 12.9 g/dL, Hct 40.5%, WBC 8.2x103/ μ L Platelets 166x103/ μ L and normal differential count. Coagulation Profile was also normal (Mielke bleeding time 2 min.) normal clot retraction, PT 12”(Cont. 12.5”), PTT 29”(Cont. 30”) TT 10”(Cont. 9”). Blood chemistry and hepatic enzimes were normal. Diagnosis was made of SP and taking into account the severity of skin lesions and depressive status with anxiety and distress, we propose an autologous stem cell engraftment (ASCE) based on known good previous experiences on other tissues engrafted, especially in heart, pancreas, muscle and others. Requirement of patient consent was positive and procedure was undertaken, administering treatment with lenograstin (rHuG-CSF) SC 5 ug/Kg/day/5 doses, utilizing a cell-separator (Hemonetics) and 7.2% of stem cell CD34+/CD45+ was obtained on the cellular suspension identified in a B-D Flow Cytometer for the mentioned markers, corresponding to 5 x106/mL CD34+ cells. Multiple subdermic injections were performed on the extensor areas of forearms and hands, spacing at 0.5 to 1 cm using insulin syringes type 31 G x 8mm needles, with a previous aseptic preparation of the area to be treated. Results: The whole skin treated with ASCE in the mentioned areas, was initially very thin due to the degenerative process of aging. Besides, it was becoming progressively less wrinkled and therefore more elastic and resistant, without ecchymoses on the first week, and in two weeks the skin appeared almost normal. Subsequently, in a period of one month the patient’s skin did not show substantial differences with the skin of a normal person of a comparable age. Discussion: SP is an entity practically almost with no adequate treatment so far and for that reason this therapeutic approach is a new, valid, easy and effective alternative to treat patients, particularly those cases with severe clinical features and depressive behavior changes. No references were found in venezuelan, latin-american and international reviewed medical literature. In Venezuela this represents the first report on ASCE for dermal atrophy and SP with an obvious cure. Conclusions: Stem cells obtained by apheresis and appropriately injected in multiple subdermic sites of hands and forearms is a curative procedure and confer a normal appearance to the skin treated from two to four weeks. There is no available information on this subject, reason for which this report is probably the first in SP.
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Ibo, Leberina Kristina, and Nissa Arifa. "Ethnomedicine Of Medicinal Plants Used By Tribal Community In Kaliki Village, Merauke - Papua." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v14i1.15877.
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AbstrakPapua memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dengan jenis hutan yang lengkap dan flora endemik yang tidak ditemukan di daerah lain, serta pengetahuan tradisional tumbuhan obat masyarakat Papua sangat beragam. Namun pengetahuan tersebut belum diungkapkan dan di dokumentasikan dengan baik, seperti pengetahuan masyarakat suku Marind di Kampung Kaliki Merauke yang merupakan salah satu suku terbesar yang menempati pesisir pantai hingga perbatasan Papua New Guinea. Penelitian etnomedisin tumbuhan obat dimaksudkan untuk mengungkapkan presepsi dan konsepsi masyarakat lokal dalam memahami kesehatan seperti pengunaan tumbuhan sebagai bahan obat, sekaligus untuk melakukan inventarisasi keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan berguna untuk obat-obatan tradisional dan sebagai data awal untuk riset farmasi dalam menemukan senyawa baru yang berguna dalam pengobatan. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan emik dan etik juga melakukan wawancara secara terbuka dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 34 spesies dari 22 famili dikenali dan dimanfaatkan untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit. Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat yaitu sebanyak 18 spesies, kulit batang 8 spesies dan akar rimpang 3 spesies. Sebagian besar pengolahan tumbuhan obat melalui metode perebusan dan konsumsi langsung. Tumbuhan obat ini dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan 15 jenis penyakit. Persalinan dan diare merupakan pengobatan yang paling banyak memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat. AbstractPapua is rich in biodiversity with several forest types and endemic flora that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Furthermore, diverse traditional knowledge of medicinal plants are already used by tribal community in Papua. However, this knowledge has not been published and well documented. For example, the knowledge of the Marind Tribe in Kaliki Village, Merauke, which is one of the largest tribes living on the coast to the border of Papua New Guinea. Research of ethnomedicine on medicinal plants is intended to reveal the perception and conception of local communities in understanding health, such as the utilization of plants as medicine, inventory of plant used in traditional medicines, and preliminary data for pharmaceutical research to find new compounds for drug discovery. This study used emic and ethical approaches, open-ended interviews, and direct field observations. According to study result, a total of 34 species from 22 families were identified and used to cure various diseases. It was found that plant parts most widely used as medicinal ingredients were leaves of 18 species, bark of 8 species, and rhizome of 3 species. Moreover, medicinal plants were normally boiled or processed for direct consumption. The medicinal plant was used to treat 15 species of diseases. In addition, medicinal plants were mostly used in childbirth care and treating diarrhea.
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Syamswisna, Syamswisna, and Letus Sepsamli. "Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Bermanfaat sebagai Obat oleh Masyarakat Suku Dayak Kanayatn di Desa Tapakng Kalimantan Barat." Variabel 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/var.v5i1.3204.
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<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventaris jenis tumbuhan yang berguna untuk obat yang digunakan masyarakat suku Dayak Kanayatn, bagaimana mengolah tumbuhan untuk dijadikan obat dan gejala penyakit apa saja yang bisa disembuhkan dengan ramuan tumbuh untuk obat tradisional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, melakukan observasi langsung di tempat penelitian dan mewawancarai informan. Data dikumpulkan secara triangulasi, yaitu dengan menggabungkan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Tumbuhan diidentifikasi untuk menentukan nama ilmiahnya. Tumbuhan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat suku Dayak Kanayatn untuk obat tradisional di dapatkan 53 jenis tumbuhan termasuk ke dalam 32 famili. Famili terbanyak adalah euphorbiaceae, yakni terdiri 6 spesies. Tumbuhan digunakan untuk mengobati 31 jenis gejala penyakit. Bagian tumbuhan yang dipakai adalah organ ”akar, batang, daun, dan bunga. Pengolahannya dengan direbus, ditumbuk, diseduh, diremas, diparut, direndam, dipanggang, dan dijemur. Pengobatan yang paling banyak digunakan untuk penyakit yang berhubungan dengan sistem pencernaan.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em>: </em><em></em></p><p><em>Eksplorasi; Tumbuhan Obat; Dayak Kanayatn</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong>Exploration of Useful Plants as Medicine by the Kanayatn Dayak Tribe in Tapakng Village of West Kalimantan</strong></p><p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em><em><em>This study aims to inventory the types of plants that are useful for medicine used by the Kanayatn Dayak people, how to process plants to be used as medicine and the symptoms of what diseases can be cured with herbs grown for traditional medicine. The method used in this study was a descriptive method, conducting direct observations at the research site and interviewing informants. Data were collected by triangulation, namely by combining interviews, observations, and documentation. Plants were identified to determine their scientific names. The plants used by the Kanayatn Dayak people for traditional medicine were 53 species of plants belonging to 32 families. The largest family was Euphorbiaceae, which consisted of 6 species. Plants were used to treat 31 types of disease symptoms. The plant parts used were the organs roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Processing by boiling, pounding, brewing, kneading, grated, soaked, baked, and dried in the sun. The most widely used treatment for diseases related to the digestive system.</em><br /></em></em></p>
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PUTRI, ARY MAULIVA HADA, and JOKO WALUYO. "Analysis of Potential GHG Emissions from Tofu Industry and Its Mitigation in Indonesia." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v23i1.4963.
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ABSTRAK Tahu merupakan salah satu sumber protein dengan permintaan yang tinggi di Indonesia. Saat ini beberapa industri tahu telah menggunakan peralatan-peralatan berbahan dasar stainless steel. Kondisi ini menunjukkan keseriusan industri tahu untuk membuat produk tahu yang higienis. Namun, produk tahu yang higienis saja tidaklah cukup. Persaingan pasar global menuntut sebuah produk tidak hanya memperhatikan kualitas, namun juga menjadi produk yang ramah lingkungan dengan ditandai oleh nilai emisi CO2 yang rendah. Sejalan dengan kondisi tersebut, maka studi terkait dengan perhitungan emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan oleh sebuah produk menjadi hal yang perlu diutamakan. Pada studi ini dilakukan penelitian estimasi emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari 1 kg tahu dengan menggunakan metode LCA dan menerapkan batasan sistem from cradle to gate, yakni penghitungan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dihitung dari penanaman kedelai hingga menjadi 1 kg produk tahu. Studi kasus dilakukan pada 3 industri tahu dan diketahui bahwa emisi GRK yang dihasilkan per 1 kg tahu berada pada rentang 0,35–0,5 kg CO2 eq. Faktor utama penyumbang emisi CO2 berasal dari air limbah hasil dari proses produksi, diikuti budidaya kedelai dan transportasi bahan baku kedelai dari perkebunan menuju ke industri. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada industri tahu untuk mengurangi emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari limbah cair proses produksi tahu. Alternatif pengolahan limbah cair yakni dengan mengolah air limbah menggunakan sistem anaerobik guna menghasilkan biogas yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan memasak. Kata kunci: Kedelai, Tahu, LCA, Emisi GRK, Limbah cair ABSTRACT Tofu is one of the protein sources with high demand in Indonesia. Currently, several tofu industries have used stainless steel-based equipment. This condition shows the seriousness of the tofu industry to make hygienic tofu products. However, hygienic tofu products are not enough. The global market competition required the products to take notice not only of their quality but also of environmentally-friendly products characterized by a low value of CO2 emission. In accordance with the condition, studies related to calculating CO2 emissions resulting from a product are necessary. In this study, we conducted research on the estimation of CO2 emissions resulting from 1 kg of tofu using the LCA method and applying the system boundary from cradle to gate, in which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated from soybeans plantation to 1 kg of tofu products. Case studies were conducted on three tofu industries, and it was found that the GHG emissions produced per 1 kg of tofu were in the range of 0.35–0.5 kg CO2 eq. Three main factors contribute to CO2 emissions, i.e., wastewater, soybean cultivation, and soybean transportation from plantation area to industry. Therefore, this study recommends the tofu industry reduce CO2 emissions resulting from wastewater. The alternative is to treat wastewater using an anaerobic system to produce biogas for cooking purposes. Keywords: Soybeans, Tofu, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), GHG emissions, Wastewater
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Suryantama, Muhammad Dary. "Turkey’s Open-Door Policy for Syrian Regugees: Humanity Motive and Political Motive." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jisi.v2i2.24927.
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Abstract. This article aims to analyse The Turkey Open-Door Policy for Syrian Refugees on two motives namely humanity and political. This policy has been done since the conflict in Syria escalated and that ‘forces’ Turkey to do the Open-Doors Policy. Many stated that the motive of this policy is driven by religion motive, which is Islam, and geographical factor between both countries. But in practice it seems not enough to explain a whole Turkey’s action on implementing the Open-Door Policy. Probably there are other motives that have driven Turkey to receive the Syrian Refugees but we can say that if Turkey has implemented the Open-Door Policy, it means Turkey is ready to take care of Syrian Refugees with its economic resource and land space. This article analyses three problem formulations: what is turkey’s humanity and political motive in Open-Door policy, how Turkey treat Syrian Refugees considering that Turkey is also at war with the Syrian Kurds? what the advantage and disadvantage faced by Turkey in doing the Open-Door policy? This article used qualitative & descriptive methods and it used secondary data obtained from several journals and books. The conclusion stated Turkey has a limit to received Syrian Refugees even the President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had admitted it. And there is a political motive besides humanity motive behind the policy. The condition of refugees not very well in the refugee shelter. If every side wants to end the flow of refugee, therefore every sides should help Syria end Its terrible conflict. Keywords: Syrian Refugees, Turkey, Open-Door Policy, humanity motive, political motive. Abstrak. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka Turki untuk pengungsi Suriah pada dua motif yaitu kemanusiaan dan politis. Kebijakan ini telah dilakukan sejak konflik di Suriah meningkat dan itu ‘memaksa’ Turki untuk melakukan kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa motif kebijakan ini didorong oleh motif agama, yakni Islam, and faktor geografi antara kedua negara. Namun secara praktis sepertinya itu tidak cukup untuk menjelaskan seluruh perilaku Turki pada implementasi kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka. Mungkin ada motif lain yang mendorong Turki untuk menerima pengungsi Suriah tetapi dapat kita katakan jika Turki Telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka, itu artinya Turki siap untuk menjaga pengungsi Suriah dengan sumber daya ekonomi dan wilayahnya. Artikel ini menganalisis tiga rumusan masalah: apa motif kemanusiaan dan politis pada kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka? bagaimana Turki memperlakukan pengungsi Suriah mempertimbangkan bahwa Turki juga dalam perang dengan Kurdi Suriah? apa keuntungan dan kerugian yang dihadapi Turki dalam melakukan kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka?. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif & deskriptif dan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai jurnal dan buku. Kesimpulan menyatakan bahwa Turki memiliki batasan untuk menerima pengungsi Suriah bahkan Presiden Turki, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan telah mengakuinya. Dan terdapat sebuah motif politik dibalik motif kemanusiaan di belakang kebijakan. Kondisi para pengungsi tidak terlalu baik dalam penampungan. Jika seluruh pihak hendak mengakhiri arus dari pengungsi, maka seluruh pihak seyogianya membantu Suriah mengakhiri konflik-Nya yang parah.Kata Kunci: Pengungsi Suriah, Turki, Kebijakan Pintu-Terbuka, motif kemanusiaan, motif politik.
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Desi, Yulfi, and Prima Novia. "UPAYA PENGGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU STEWART (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii) PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG MENGGUNAKAN RIZOBAKTERIA." Jurnal BiBieT 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jbbt.v2i1.1155.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Penyakit layu Stewart pada tanaman jagung disebabkan oleh bakteri <em>Pantoea stewartii</em> subsp. <em>stewartii</em>, merupakan penyakit penting karena dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil. Di Indonesia, penyakit layu Stewart masih tergolong baru dan belum ditemukan cara pengendaliannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengupayakan pengendalian penyakit layu Stewart menggunakan Rizobakteria yang berperan sebagai PGPR (<em>Plant Growth Promoting Rizobacteria</em>) agar dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung sekaligus mengurangi laju perkembangan penyakit layu Stewart. Penelitian berupa percobaan lapangan di dalam polybag menggunakan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan 11 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah beberapa isolat Rizobakteria yang diperlakukan pada benih jagung. Inokulasi patogen <em>P. stewartii</em> subsp. <em>stewartii</em> dilakukan pada bibit jagung umur 7 hst (hari setelah tanam). Parameter pengamatan antara lain: 1) perkembangan penyakit meliputi: periode inkubasi (hari) dan severitas penyakit (%). 2) pertumbuhan tanaman meliputi: tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), jumlah daun (helai), lebar daun ke-7 (cm), panjang daun ke-7 (cm), muncul bunga jantan (hari), muncul bunga betina (hari), berat buah per tanaman (gr), dan diameter buah tanpa kelobot (mm). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan penggunaan Rizobakteria isolat BRb 251 dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan hasil per tanaman jagung. Dengan demikian, berpotensi sebagai PGPR dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung, meskipun belum mampu menunjukkan perannya dalam menurunkan laju perkembangan penyakit layu Stewart.</p><p> </p><p><em>Stewart's wilt disease in corn plants caused by the bacteria Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, that is important because it can cause yield losses. In Indonesia, Stewart’s wilt disease is still relatively new and has not found the way of control. This study aims to seek ways of controlling Stewart's wilt disease by using Rizobakteria which is likely to play a role as PGPR (Plant Growth Promotes Rizobakteria) in order to increase the growth of corn plants while reducing the rate of progression of Stewart’s wilt disease. This research trials in polybag using RAK (Group Random Design) with 11 treatments and 3 replications. As a treatment is several isolates rizobactria treat to seedcorn. Bacterial inoculation was performed on the seeds of maize 7 dap (days after planting). The observation parameters were: 1) disease progression (incubation period (day) and severity of disease (%). 2) plant growth (plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves (strands), width of the leaves of the 7<sup>th</sup> (cm), length of the leaves of the 7<sup>th</sup> (cm), emerging male flowers (day), female flowers appear (day), weight of ear per plant (gr), and ear diameter without husk (mm). Result from this research, found that using rizobacteria isolate BRB 251 can increase: plant height, number of leaves, and yield per plant, so that potential as PGPR in increasing the growth of corn plants, although not yet able to demonstrate its role in reducing the rate of development of Stewart wilt disease.</em></p>
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Kristiana, Lusi, Pramita Andarwati, and Zulfa Auliyati Agustina. "TELAAH SEMI-SISTEMATIK POTENSI Mimosa pudica L. SEBAGAI ANTIDEPRESAN, ANTIANSIETAS, DAN GANGGUAN SUASANA HATI." Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jtoi.v14i1.4051.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) revealed that mental health problems prevalence increased from 6% (2013) to 9.8% (2018). If left untreated, it has the potential to become a mental disorder that requires complex medication and affects productivity. The facts revealed that the availability and the utilization of mental disorder drugs in primary health care are still limited. There is a possibility of unwanted side effects, as well. Plants are expected to be one of the sources for the discovery of new drugs that have the least possible side effects. As having been identified in the Research of Medicinal Plants and Jamu (Ristoja) 2012, Mimosa pudica (putri malu) is believed to have the potential in treating mental disorders. This paper aimed to provide scientific information about the prospects of M. pudica as an antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and mood disorders treatment. A semi-systematic literature review was used to analyze 61 references based on searches for relevant keywords, with open access references limit from 1995 to 2020. The results show that M. pudica has antidepressant activity, anti-anxiety, helps overcome mood disorders, and also acts as a muscle relaxant. The toxicity study confirms its safety in beneficial doses. The human LD50 is 15.516 g/kg, indicating a reasonable safety limit. As this plant can be grown anywhere without special treatment, it will be a potential source for medicinal ingredients to treat anxiety and depression. Further research is also needed to explore therapeutic dosage in humans and its interactions with other drugs or herbs.
Keywords: Mimosa pudica, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, mood disorder, semi-systematic review
ABSTRAK
Riskesdas mencatat gangguan mental emosional mengalami kenaikan dari 6% (2013) menjadi 9,8% (2018). Bila tidak tertangani dengan baik, gangguan mental emosional berpotensi menjadi gangguan jiwa yang perlu penanganan kompleks dan berkontribusi pada hilangnya produktivitas penderitanya. Ketersediaan obat di pelayanan kesehatan primer untuk gangguan ini masih rendah, penggunaan obat antidepresi dan antiansietas yang dibatasi, serta adanya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan adalah permasalahan yang perlu dicari solusinya. Tumbuhan diharapkan menjadi salah satu solusi sumber penemuan obat baru yang memiliki efek samping sekecil mungkin. Salah satu yang diyakini berpotensi untuk mengatasi gangguan mental emosional adalah Mimosa pudica L. (putri malu). Tumbuhan ini telah diidentifikasi dalam Riset Tumbuhan Obat dan Jamu 2012, dan memiliki potensi yang baik untuk dieksplorasi lebih lanjut sebagaimana bukti profil farmakologisnya terhadap gangguan mental emosional. Tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan informasi kajian ilmiah potensi tumbuhan M. pudica untuk membantu mengatasi gangguan depresi, ansietas, dan gangguan suasana hati. Metode yang digunakan adalah telaah semi-sistematik, menganalisis 61 referensi berbasis pencarian kata kunci yang relevan, dengan batasan referensi akses terbuka tahun 1995-2020, dan hasil dideskripsikan secara kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa M. pudica memiliki aktivitas antidepresi, antiansietas, membantu mengatasi gangguan suasana hati, serta bermanfaat sebagai relaksasi otot. Hasil studi toksisitas mengkonfirmasi keamanan dalam dosis manfaat. LD50 manusia sebesar 15,516 g/kg BB, menunjukkan batas keamanan wajar. Tumbuhan ini dapat tumbuh dimana saja tanpa perawatan khusus sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber bahan obat, terutama pengobatan kecemasan dan depresi dengan lebih sedikit efek samping. Interaksinya dengan obat atau herbal lainnya masih perlu dieksplorasi karena belum tersedia data yang cukup, sehingga penggunaannya tetap harus berhati-hati.
Kata kunci: Mimosa pudica, antidepresan, antiansietas, gangguan suasana hati, telaah semi-sistematik