Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bâtonnets'
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Kautzmann, Marie Audrey. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription spécifique des bâtonnets, Nrl." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790423.
Full textKautzmann, Marie audrey. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription spécifique des bâtonnets, Nrl." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ060/document.
Full textThe Neural Retina Leucine zipper transcription factor (Nrl) plays a central role in rod photoreceptor development and homeostasis, by activating the expression of rod-specific genes such as the visual photopigment, Rhodopsin. Nrlhave been also associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa, making this gene an interesting model for understanding genetic programs controlling photoreceptors development and homeostasis.This thesis work aimed at characterizing regulatory mechanisms of Nr/ expression during retinal development. Using in vivo electroporation of reporter vectors carrying distinct portions of Nrlpromoter into neonatal mouse retina, we identified minimal sequences required for expression photoreceptors-specific expression. We identified RORI3 as being required for this expression and showed that OTX2, CRX and CREB transcription factors also directly bind to the defined regulatory regions.We designed a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing a minimal Nrl promoter fragment of 0.3 kb, and showed that it is well-suited for gene delivery specifically into photoreceptors.We also showed that NRL, CRX, and NR2E3, the main transcriptional regulators of Rhodopsin, display rhythmic expression over 24 h. and that Nrl might undergo cyclic activation by RORB which is part of the photoreceptor circadian clock. Finally, we investigated the role of a novel Rhodopsin transcriptional regulator, NonO, identified in theRhodopsin proximal promoter region. We demonstrated that NonO co-activates Rhodopsin promoter along with NRL and CRX. By knocking down this gene during retinal development we provided evidence for its role in rod development and homeostasis
Pages, Frédérique. "L'activité GTPase de la transducine dans les bâtonnets rétiniens de bovins." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10059.
Full textBurg, Christophe. "Elaboration de bâtonnets et de grilles supramoléculaires : étude de leurs propriétés magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072469.
Full textLa, Cotte Alexis de. "(Bio-)fonctionnalisation de bâtonnets colloïdaux modèles et étude de leurs auto-assemblages." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0192/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the different paths of functionalization and self-organization of a model system of colloidal rod-like particles: the fd virus and its mutants. While its liquid-crystalline phase diagram is well established and proven to be in qualitative agreement with theory and numerical simulations, one of the most trending perspectives is its use as building-block in new self-assemblies. For such purposes, it is mandatory to add functions regio-specifically on the particle. We show in this work the study of several ways of functionalization leading to the grafting of molecular or macromolecular compounds onto the whole virus or only onto its tip.When grafting thermoresponsive polymers, we can then explore the possibilities to induce phase transitions by a variation of the effective diameter of the rod. Using diblocs of elastin-like peptides, this principle is shown to work on the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition. The use of particular mutants, engineered by phage display, allows us to functionalize only the tip of the virus. The addition of dyes provides unique features on the smectic phase and its defects and creates a patchy effect which is modifying the liquid-crystalline phase diagram. The functionalization with biotin leads towards the creation of new self-assemblies thanks to its specific interaction with avidine and such a system is then compared with a mutant displaying a biological tag interacting with streptavidin. The results obtained are promising and are completed by a whole study of the use of colloidal liquid-crystalline system in electro-optics
Valette, Audrey. "Amélioration des propriétés texturales de l’alumine par le contrôle de l’état d’agrégation de bâtonnets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS395.pdf.
Full textHere we present the rationalization of boehmite rods synthesis to get an aspect ratio higher than 10 and a section below 10 nm. We report the key experimental parameters that induce morphology change, from platelets to rods. Reaction temperature higher than 160 °C is mandatory to ensure rods formation in fair reaction time while Al(III) precursors’ concentration and hydrolysis rates truly control the possibility to growth thin boehmite rods. Coupled structural (XRD) and morphological (TEM) analyses to further characterize the rods and their formation steps allowed us to provide new insights on the formation mechanism. The rods are formed through oriented aggregation of primary nanoplatelets with a defined preferential growth direction. Then, the different exposed faces were identified by electron diffraction. The acid properties of these anisotropic materials have been compared to those of isotropic samples by means of IR spectroscopy (coupled with CO adsorption) and ethanol TPD. Finally, we have studied a way to tune the textural properties of alumina extrudates. To do so, we played with electrostatic forces by adding acid and/or base on the boehmite. Insights about the rods organization were obtained by SEM analyses. Furthermore, we were able to obtain catalyst support with tuned pore diameter and volume and a tortuosity bellow 2,0 (by pulsed filed gradient NMR). Those new supports, with their original tortuosity and textural properties can be considered as very promising catalysts
Hao, Zhenyu. "Caractérisations de structures à base d'îlots, bâtonnets quantiques en termes de bruit, non linéarité et d'injection optique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940272.
Full textJacob, Michèle. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux types de phospholipases A2 dans deux fractions subrétiniennes autres que les segments externes de bâtonnets." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6842/1/000642369.pdf.
Full textBenamara, Omar. "Croissance physique d'îlots de Pt et Co sur oxydes pour l'auto-organisation de nano-bâtonnets de Co élaborés par synthèse chimique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0032/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is to be part of strategies in order to organize nanostructures, particularly strategies to increase information density in magnetic media. The synthesis techniques used in chemistry (LPCNO-INSA laboratory) is allowed to develop monocrystalline nanorods of cobalt whose ferromagnetic properties in terms of anisotropy and magnetization present a great interest for applications in the field of magnetic storage. The success in controling the growth of these nanorods arranged perpendicularly on a substrate can lead to achieve a high density media. We tested the perpendicular growth of monocrystalline nanorods of cobalt on a continuous and epitaxial layer of Pt (111) grown on a substrate of sapphire (Al2O3) and showed that this combination of two types of deposits (physical and chemical) give actually a dense and perpendicular network of Co nanorods. In the aim to organizing this growth and decoupling physically the nanorods we studied the growth of these Co nanorods on 3D metallic islands of Pt and Co. In the first part we studied the crystal structure, morphology, size distributions and the stress state of Pt and Co islands deposited on the surface (0001) of sapphire and (001) surface of MgO by sputtering. And in the second part, we studied the growth of Co nanorods on a Pt and Co islands mastered in the previous step
Ibrahim, Mona. "Étude de la réactivité des acétylacétonates métalliques pour l'enrobage de nanoparticules magnétiques de cobalt." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1620/.
Full textIn this work we have developed the synthesis by wet chemistry of two kinds of cobalt nanoparticles: - nanorods with a diameter of 15 nm and aspect ratio comprised between 5 and 10; - spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm, that present potential applications in the field of composite materials and biology, respectively. We have studied the reactivity of these particles in high boiling point solvents in presence of iron, magnesium and aluminium acetylacetonates in order to modify their surface. We have demonstrated, first, that the reactivity of cobalt nanorods in organic solvents at 300°C leads to a carbon shell, as inferred from Raman, TEM and XRD analyses and that this shell is very useful to prevent the particles from agglomeration at high temperature (up to 400°C). Cobalt nanorods coated with a continuous layer either of magnetite or metallic iron were obtained by decomposition of Fe(acac)3 at 300°C in oleylamine in different conditions. In the presence of Mg(acac)2 a competition between a coating with MgO and a carbon layer has been observed. This work has opened perspectives for the use of cobalt nanorods as building blocks for new composite materials with permanent magnets properties. In this study we also have isolated and characterized aluminium alkoxide nanotubes by decomposition of Al(acac)3 in ethylene glycol and showed their interest as precursor for finely divided alumina nanoparticles
Brückert, Franz. "Etude in situ, par diffusion de lumière infrarouge, de la transducine dans les bâtonnets rétiniens : attachement aux membranes des disques et cintétique d'activation par la rhodopsine photoexcitée." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10135.
Full textManceau, Mathieu. "Single CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods fluorescence properties." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066362/document.
Full textWet-Chemically synthesized colloidal nanocrystals are promising room temperature non-Classical light sources. This work is devoted to the study of the optical properties of a particular type of colloidal nanocrystals, called dot-In-Rods, in which a spherical Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) core is surrounded by a rod-Like Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) shell. By studying single dot-In-Rods at room-Temperature with a confocal microscope, a complete characterization of the optical, and especially quantum optical, properties of dot-In-Rods is provided for several geometrical parameters. We first study the blinking statistics of such emitters. We show that dot-In-Rods with thick shells are characterized by a reduced blinking that happens on fast timescales, typically on millisecond timescales. We then go on with a detailed characterization of the photon statistics of dot-In-Rods. A complete description of the photon statistics taking into account the blinking process is realized. The polarization of the emission is also investigated. We show that the emission polarization can be tuned by engineering the geometry. Finally, we also present experiments where we couple dot-In-Rods with various photonic devices. We demonstrate the possibility of excitation of a single emitter using a Zinc Oxyde (ZnO) nanowire. Using defects in liquid crystals, we also show that we are able to efficiently orientate single nanoemitters
Elliott, Jimmy. "Contrôle de la compétence temporelle des cellules progénitrices de la rétine par Ikaros et rôle de la voie du CNTF/LIF dans la différenciation et l'apoptose des photorécepteurs bâtonnets." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25118/25118.pdf.
Full textAit, Sarkouh Rafik. "Synthèse de conjugués avec la toxine de Shiga pour des thérapies anticancéreuses ciblées et la détection de tumeurs par IRM." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P641.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Rodriguez, de Francisco Borja. "Self-assembly into functional amyloids of Aspergillus fumigatus hydrophobins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS332.
Full textHydrophobins are fungal proteins that spontaneously self-assemble at hydrophobic/hydrophilic or air/water interfaces to form functional amyloids that associate laterally into layers. The amphiphilic character of these layers is at the origin of the hydrophobin biological roles. The spores of the airborne fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are covered by an amyloid layer with rodlet morphology made up by the RodA hydrophobin. This hydrophobic coat facilitates air-dispersal of the spores and renders these inert relative to the human immune system. Two close homologs of RodA, named RodB and RodC, are also present in the spore cell wall. We have performed a comparative study on the self-assembly of the three proteins with particular emphasis on RodC. We have shown that RodA-C require an interface to form amyloids and revealed the importance of the nature of the interface in determining the morphology of hydrophobin assemblies. We have observed that the fibrillation of RodA-C is auto-inhibited (slower at higher concentrations) and shown that this phenomenon can be explained by saturation of the air-water interface. The analysis of the effect of single point mutations on the fibrillation kinetics of RodC revealed the regions that are important for fiber formation, which showed differences and similarities relative to the previously studied RodA. The transition from monomers to amyloids is accompanied by a loss of unordered regions and a gain in intermolecular β-sheets, in agreement with the mutational analyses of RodA and RodC that indicated that hydrophobic residues in flexible loops are involved in the cross-β core of the fibers
Panapakkam, Venkatesan Vivek. "Optical frequency comb generation using InP based quantum-dash/ quantum-well single section mode-locked lasers." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0024/document.
Full textThe increasing demand for high capacity, low cost, high compact and energy efficient optical transceivers for data center interconnects requires new technological solutions. In terms of transmitters, optical frequency combs generating a large number of phase coherent optical carriers are attractive solutions for next generation datacenter interconnects, and along with wavelength division multiplexing and advanced modulation formats can demonstrate unprecedented transmission capacities. In the framework of European project BIG PIPES (Broadband Integrated and Green Photonic Interconnects for High-Performance Computing and Enterprise Systems), this thesis investigates the generation of optical frequency combs using single-section mode-locked lasers based on InAs/InP Quantum-Dash and InGaAsP/InP Quantum-Well semiconductor nanostructures. These novel light sources, based on new active layer structures and cavity designs are extensively analyzed to meet the requirements of the project. Comprehensive investigation of amplitude and phase noise of these optical frequency comb sources is performed with advanced measurement techniques, to evaluate the feasibility of their use in high data rate transmission systems. Record Multi-Terabit per second per chip capacities and reasonably low energy per bit consumption are readily demonstrated, making them well suited for next generation datacenter interconnects
Faugeron, Mickael. "Diode laser 1.5 micron de puissance et faible bruit pour l'optique hyperfréquence." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765446.
Full textClerc, Armel. "Mécanisme d'activation de la phosphodiestérase spécifique du GMPc du bâtonnet rétinien." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10119.
Full textHadj, Alouane Mohamed Helmi. "Vers des émetteurs de lumière de longueurs d’ondes contrôlées à base de nanostructures InAs/InP." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0045/document.
Full textLa complexité des systèmes de télécommunications par fibre optique évolue rapidement de façon à offrir plus de bande passante. Comme ce fut le cas pour l’industrie de la microélectronique, l’intégration de composants photoniques avancés est requise pour la production de composants de haute qualité aux fonctions multiples. C’est dans ce contexte, que s’inscrit ce travail qui consiste à contrôler la longueur d’onde d’émission des nanostructures InAs fabriquées dans deux types matrice InP. En effet, le premier volet de ce travail consiste à étudier les îlots quantiques InAs dans une matrice d’InP massif et sera dédié principalement à l’investigation de l’impact de l’interdiffusion sélective sur les propriétés optiques de bâtonnets quantiques (BaQs) élaborées par l’épitaxie par jets moléculaires (EJM). Un prototype d’une source modulable en longueur a été achevé à base de ces hétérostructures. Un modèles théorique qui traite de l’activation et du transfert thermique des porteurs à travers les BaQs de différentes tailles, créés par l’implantation ionique contrôlée a été développé. Les acquits obtenues dans le premier thème nous ont permis d’aborder une deuxième thématique très concurrentielle liée à l’étude des structures à Nanofils (NFs) InP et des hétérostructures à nanofils InAs/InP allant des structures 1D cœur/coquilles aux structures contenant une BQ InAs par nanofil InP par EJM en mode VLS (Vapeur-Liquide-Solide) sur substrat silicium. Nous avons révélé par différentes techniques spectroscopiques (PL, excitation de PL, microPL, PLRT) des propriétés optiques très spécifiques et particulièrement intéressantes : fort rapport surface/volume impactant sur les durées de vie des porteurs photocrés, présence de différentes phases cristallines (Wurtzite et Zinc-blende) au sein d’un même nanofil en fonction des conditions de croissance. Nous avons pu réaliser des couches actives des émetteurs à base de NFs dans lesquels nous avons privilégié la formation de segments d’InAs assimilables à des boîtes quantiques avec une forte localisation spatiale des porteurs et un très fort maintient de la luminescence en fonction de la température. Les mesures de PL montrent que les segments d’InAs émettent dans la gamme 1.3-1.55 µm ce qui montre le potentiel d’applications de ce type de nanofils dans une technologie des télécommunications par fibres optiques
Lagrost, Alexandra. "Génération de peignes de longueurs d'ondes à haut débit pour les télécommunications optiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656651.
Full textRosales, Ricardo. "InAs/InP quantum dash mode locked lasers for optical communications." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923176.
Full textPapatryfonos, Konstantinos. "1.6-2.5 μm long wavelength quantum dash based lasers for gas sensing." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0011/document.
Full textDuring this work, we investigated the fundamental properties of single Qdashes, that were embedded in a diode-laser structure configuration, using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The main results included addressing the open question of the Qdash dimensionality nature, probing the electronic structure of individual nanostructures in respect to their precise location in the p-i-n junction and imaging of the Qdash electronic squared wavefunctions by high-stability differential conductivity mapping. In addition, we investigated Qdashes as the active material of semiconductor lasers, with special attention to the gas sensing application. We optimized Qdash based material at specific emission wavelengths above 1.55 um, and demonstrated CW lasing up to 2 um with high performances. Our experimental and simulation results show to be promising for further pushing the emission wavelength out, towards longer wavelengths in the future, using the same material system. Furthermore, a novel process has been developed, for the fabrication of laterally-coupled DFB lasers, based on high-duty-cycle etched Bragg gratings: The process provides appreciably improved coupling coefficients suitable for practical applications (~40 cm-1), while avoiding the complicated high cost processing steps, that had been employed in previous works (regrowth over corrugated substrates/ FIB lithography) and without using the conventional highly absorbing metal gratings, which introduce significant additional losses. We implemented this approach on our optimized epi-wafer and demonstrated high SMSR (>37dB) LC-DFB lasers emitting at 1.986 um, with an output power per facet up to 4.5 mW and Ith down to 65 mA for a 630 um cavity length, suitable for detection of the NH3 gas. These high-κ, low loss, preliminary results of our LC-DFB lasers, achieved using etched gratings, open the way for the fabrication of a two-section LC-DBR laser using the same technology in the future. Such a laser would combine a significantly simplified process, with sufficient feedback, continuous wide range tunability, and negligible grating-induced losses, finding potential applications both in sensing and telecommunications applications
Catty, Patrice. "La phosphodiestérase spécifique du GMP cyclique du bâtonnet rétinien : liaison à la membrane et activation par la transducine." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10003.
Full textRichard, Fanny. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères à blocs "bâtonnet-pelote" en vue d'application photovoltaïques : De la macromolécule au dispositif." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/RICHARD_Fanny_2008.pdf.
Full textThe performance of organic photovoltaic cells crucially depends on the active layer nano-morphology. Due to their self-assembling process, diblock copolymers are good candidates for an enhanced control of nanometer-sized domains. Therefore, we designed new copolymers with a semiconducting hole-transporting conjugated rigid block and a coil block with grafted acceptor moieties (C60) in order to optimize charge generation and transport in the organic layer. A first study focused on a rod-coil diblock copolymer based on a poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative as rod block and a poly[butylacrylate-stat-chloromethylstyrene] as coil block. We found promising lamellar type morphologies. However, the intralamellar structure was shown to be disordered, with only weak coupling between electrons, a critical condition for reaching high charge carrier mobilities. Regioregular poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) is well known to form ordered structures induced by strong intermolecular - interactions and should therefore allow a better interlamellar ordering. That’s why new block-copolymers with regioregular P3HT rod have been synthesized. These materials have been used first as surfactant. Indeed, the use of diblock copolymers as tensioactifs is a new and original way to control and stabilize the reference P3HT-PCBM blend morphology. Syntheses, macromolecular and optical characterizations of these materials have been done. The thin film morphology has been investigated by atomic force microscopy, and electrical and photovoltaic properties of devices have been measured
Craciun, Andra. "AFM force spectroscopies of surfaces and supported plasmonic nanoparticules." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE039/document.
Full textIn this thesis work the atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed first as a high precision manipulation tool for building plasmonic nanostructures with defined geometries and precise tuning of interparticle distance and second as an absorption spectroscopy technique. Different studies regarding phenomena emerging at sample nanoparticle interface relevant for nanoparticle manipulation were performed. Friction experiments conducted on various oxide surfaces revealed a novel nanoscale stick slip friction mechanism, explained by a modified Lennard-Jones-like interaction potential model. Frictional and adhesion properties of CTAB adsorbed on silica are also reported. CTAB functionalized gold nanorods were used for building specific plasmonic particulate nanostructures. The final part of the thesis presents experimental and theoretical efforts to demonstrate the feasibility of using an AFM as a force-based optoelectronic spectroscopy technique
Said, Aurore. "Matériaux Nanohybrides à Large Bande Interdite: Études de Synthèses, Propriétés et Applications." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266833.
Full textFaugeron, Mickael. "Diode laser 1.5 micron de puissance et faible bruit pour l’optique hyperfréquence." Thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012SUPL0018/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the design, realization and characterization of high power, low noise 1.5 µm diode lasers for microwave applications and more particularly for high dynamic optical analog link for radar systems. The first part of this study deals with modeling and design of low internal losses DFB laser structures. These specific structures are called slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers, and are composed of a thick layer between the active layer and the substrate. The aim of this waveguide is to enlarge the optical eigenmode and to move the optical mode away from p-doped layers. The main difficulty was to find the good trade-off between laser static performances (optical power, efficiency) and dynamic performances (RIN and modulation bandwidth). We have succeeded in developing high efficiency (0.4 W/A), low noise (RIN ≈ 160 dB/Hz) DFB lasers with more than 150 mW and a 3 dB modulation bandwidth up to 7.5 GHz. We have then characterized our components on wide band and narrow band analog links. We have demonstrated state of the art gain links, dynamic and 1 dB compression power. In the L band (1-2 GHz) for example, we have obtained an optical link with a gain of 0.5 dB, a compression power of 21 dBm and a dynamic (SFDR) of 122 dB.Hz2/3.Finally we have applied the methodology and the design of slab-coupled optical waveguide structures to develop high power mode-locked lasers for ultra-short pulses generation and for optical and electrical comb generation. We have demonstrated narrow RF linewidth (550 Hz) lasers with very high power (continuous power > 400 mW and peak power > 18 W)
Calligaro, Hugo. "Réponse à la lumière de l'horloge rétinienne : photorécepteurs et mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1053/document.
Full textThe mammalian retina contains an endogenous pacemaker regulating retinal physiology and participate to the sybchronization of the temporal phase of the central clock of the SCN to environmental time. This entrainment process involves rods, cones and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells. In contrast with the SCN, the role of these photoreceptors in the light response of the retinal clock is still controversial. While recent studies suggest that none of them is involved in light response of the retinal clock, others support a role for melanopsin. My project aims to dissect the role of these different photoreceptors in wild-type, Per2Luc and/or photoreceptor-deficient mice using in vitro/ex vivo approaches. Monochromatic lights targeting different photoreceptors were applied to retinal explants of Per2Luc or melanopsin-, MW cones- or rods-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that rods are required for the light-induced phase shift of the retinal clock in the visible spectrum and suggest an additional contribution of SW cones and/or neuropsin in the UV. As the retinal clock is composed of several clocks and in order to determine their response to light, the photic induction of Per1-Per2 and C-Fos genes was analyzed in isolated retinal layers from wild-type and photoreceptor-deficient mice. In mice without melanopsin or MW cones, Per1-Per2 induction by light is abolished in all layers, suggesting a role for these photoreceptors. In summary, our results propose a differential contribution of the retinal photoreceptors as a function of the response recorded (phase shift of PER2::Luc or induction of clock genes by light)
Zhang, Bo. "Contributions à la microscopie à fluorescence en imagerie biologique : modélisation de la PSF, restauration d'images et détection super-résolutive." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003273.
Full textCalo, Cosimo. "Quantum dot based mode locked lasers for optical frequency combs." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0034/document.
Full textOptical frequency combs, generating tens of equally spaced optical carriers from a single laser source, are very attractive for next-generation wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication systems. This PhD thesis presents a study on the optical frequency combs generated by mode-locked laser diodes based on low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. In this work, the mode-locking performances of single-section Fabry-Pérot lasers based on different material systems are compared on the basis of the optical spectrum width, the timing jitter and pulse generation capabilities. Then, noticing that InAs quantum dashes grown on InP exhibit on average better characteristics than other examined materials, their unique properties in terms of comb stability and pulse chirp are studied in more detail. Laser chirp, in particular, is first investigated by frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) characterizations. Then, chromatic dispersion of the laser material is assessed in order to verify whether it can account for the large chirp values measured by FROG. For that, a high sensitivity optical frequency-domain reflectometry setup is used and its measurement capabilities are extensively studied and validated. Finally, the combs generated by quantum dash mode-locked lasers are successfully employed for high data rate transmissions using direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Terabit per second capacities, as well as the low cost of this system architecture, appear to be particularly promising for future datacom applications
Simon, Cardillia-Joe. "A new gene therapy approach to restore light sensitivity in Rod-Cone Dystrophies." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS467.
Full textRod-cone dystrophy (RCD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases accounting for the major type of inherited retinal degenerations. The majority of RCD mutated genes are expressed in the rod photoreceptors and in the retinal pigment epithelium. The common RCD phenotype is characterized by the degeneration of rods followed by degeneration of peripheral cones, which leave the patients with tunnel vision in mid stages and blindness in the latest stages of disease. A previous study showed that Halorhodopsin, a microbial chloride pump, expressed in mouse cones, restored these cells’ activity albeit with high light intensities for activation due to the lack of intracellular signal amplification. In order to develop a light-sensitive cone reactivation strategy, we first examined the expression of the phototransduction cascade elements in cones during degeneration in two RCD mouse models. In both mouse models, we found that opsin and arrestin migrate to the cone cell bodies after outer segment degeneration. We thus hypothesized that cone reactivation based on cone opsin signalling may be feasible, which in turn will allow us to recover high sensitivity vision. We expressed a target channel activated by G proteins recruited by cone opsin in degenerating cones and obtained significant improvements in visual function as demonstrated by electroretinography and behaviour. This new approach has the potential to maintain or restore, high acuity and color vision requiring only low light intensities. Moreover, we also showed that this innovative approach is universal and applicable in patients suffering from RDC
Émond, Martine. "La nocturnalité chez les oiseux côtiers et marins : étude comparative des structures et fonctions rétiniennes." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17062.
Full text