Journal articles: 'Batrachia'

1

Jésus, Valerian J. P., Octávio Mateus, Jesper Milàn, and Lars B. Clemmensen. "First occurrence of a frog-like batrachian (Amphibia) in the Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Group, central East Greenland." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 70 (August 24, 2022): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2022-70-08.

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During the Triassic, Batrachia diverged into ancestors of frogs (Salientia) and salamanders (Caudata). Fossils of Triassic batrachians are rare and found only in a few outcrops, such as the Middle Sakamena Formation of Madagascar (Induan). Only three Triassic taxa have been described, the two early frogs Triadobatrachus and Czatkiobatrachus and the early salamander Triassurus. Here we describe a right ilium, collected in 1991, attributed to the first batrachian from the Late Triassic Carlsberg Fjord Member (Ørsted Dal Formation, Fleming Fjord Group) in the Jameson Land Basin, located in central East Greenland. The fossil specimen only displays the proximal part of a right ilium, missing its shaft. After a thorough comparison with several clades (lizards, temnospondyls, salamanders and frogs), we consider the specimen as a lissamphibian sharing feature with salientians and anurans: squarish acetabular region, deeply concave acetabular surface, laterally projecting acetabular rim, flat mesial surface. It is the youngest Triassic specimen of Batrachia to date and one of the northernmost of the Late Triassic.

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DUBOIS, ALAIN, and THIERRY FRÉTEY. "Herpetological higher taxa nomina 4. Batrachia Brongniart, 1800." Bionomina 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.3.

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The nomen Batrachia has been very extensively used in the scientific literature since 1800, but for two different taxa of recent amphibians. The first one, originally introduced by Brongniart (1800), corresponds to a taxon encompassing all recent taxa of frogs and salamanders but excluding the caecilians. The second one, used first by Oppel (1811), corresponds to a taxon including all recent amphibians (frogs, salamanders and caecilians). Both these nomina are shown here to be sozodiaphonyms, and therefore, under DONS, the latter must be definitively rejected as invalid, in favour of the nomen Lissamphibia Gadow, 1898. As for Batrachia Brongniart, 1800, we also consider it for the time being as invalid, as the trichotomy involving the three main groups of recent amphibians is not yet resolved. But if the sister-taxa relationship between Anura and Urodela is later confirmed, the nomen Batrachia, which is currently a hypnokyronym, will be available for it.

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Rao, C. R. Narayan, and B. S. Ramanna. "On a new Genus of the Family Engystomatidae (Batrachia)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 95, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1925.tb01529.x.

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DUBOIS, ALAIN, and THIERRY FRÉTEY. "Herpetological higher taxa nomina. 5. Anura, Urodela, Batrachia: addenda and corrigenda." Bionomina 21, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.21.1.2.

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The nomenclatural status of 17 class-series nomina (13 diplorhizonyms and 4 haplorhizonyms), based on the single or primary stems Anura, Urodela and Batrachia that had been set aside in our previous papers of this series is examined. None of them is currently valid under the Duplostensional Nomenclatural System, four of them are unavailable (including "Batrachoidaria" Betancur-R. et al., 2017), and the status of four of them, based on fossil nucleogenera, is still unsettled because of missing information concerning the phylogenetic relationships of some of these genera.

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Hime, Paul M., Alan R. Lemmon, Emily C. Moriarty Lemmon, Elizabeth Prendini, Jeremy M. Brown, Robert C. Thomson, Justin D. Kratovil, et al. "Phylogenomics Reveals Ancient Gene Tree Discordance in the Amphibian Tree of Life." Systematic Biology 70, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034.

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Abstract Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets.[AIC; Amphibia; Batrachia; Phylogeny; gene tree–species tree discordance; genomics; information theory.]

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6

F.Z.S., Edwin S. Goodrich M. A. F. R. S. "8. On the Segmentation of the Occipital Region of the Head in the Batrachia Urodela." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 81, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1911.tb06994.x.

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7

Blotto, Boris L., S. D. Biju, Martín O. Pereyra, Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira, Julián Faivovich, and Taran Grant. "Hand and foot musculature of Sooglossoidea: synapomorphies, convergences and hind limb digging behaviour in anurans." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 336–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab145.

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Abstract We describe the hand and foot musculature of the fossorial Indian purple frog, Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis, and compare it to other members of Sooglossoidea: the Seychellean sooglossid genera Sechellophryne and Sooglossus. Due to the key phylogenetic position of Sooglossoidea, we compare its members with the diversity of Anura and define 52 characters from the hand and foot musculature, among which 26 are novel hypotheses of homology. We found several synapomorphies for Sooglossus, Sooglossidae, Nasikabatrachidae and Sooglossoidea. Additionally, we (1) propose synapomorphies for diverse anuran clades at different taxonomic levels, (2) re-evaluate the identity of some conflicting plantar and palmar muscles in the context of Batrachia and (3) discuss putative adaptations to hind limb digging behaviour resulting from morphological convergences. The lack of a clear pattern of convergences among hind limb digging species suggests the occurrence of a phenomenon of many-to-one mapping from form to function.

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8

Zardoya, Rafael, and Axel Meyer. "Mitochondrial Evidence on the Phylogenetic Position of Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)." Genetics 155, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.765.

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Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence (17,005 bp) of the mitochondrial genome of the caecilian Typhlonectes natans (Gymnophiona, Amphibia) was determined. This molecule is characterized by two distinctive genomic features: there are seven large 109-bp tandem repeats in the control region, and the sequence for the putative origin of replication of the L strand can potentially fold into two alternative secondary structures (one including part of the tRNACys). The new sequence data were used to assess the phylogenetic position of caecilians and to gain insights into the origin of living amphibians (frogs, salamanders, and caecilians). Phylogenetic analyses of two data sets—one combining protein-coding genes and the other combining tRNA genes—strongly supported a caecilian + frog clade and, hence, monophyly of modern amphibians. These two data sets could not further resolve relationships among the coelacanth, lungfishes, and tetrapods, but strongly supported diapsid affinities of turtles. Phylogenetic relationships among a larger set of species of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians were estimated with a mitochondrial rRNA data set. Maximum parsimony analysis of this latter data set also recovered monophyly of living amphibians and favored a frog + salamander (Batrachia) relationship. However, bootstrap support was only moderate at these nodes. This is likely due to an extensive among-site rate heterogeneity in the rRNA data set and the narrow window of time in which the three main groups of living amphibians were originated.

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9

Beddard, Frank E. "3. Notes upon the Anatomy of a Species of Frog of the Genus Megalophrys, with references to other Genera. of Batrachia." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 77, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 324–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01822.x.

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10

DUBOIS, ALAIN. "Incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked taxa into the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: the nomenclatural status of class-series zoological nomina published in a non-latinized form." Zootaxa 2106, no. 1 (May 13, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2106.1.1.

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Many new higher-ranked taxa are currently recognized by taxonomists as a result of the numerous phylogenetic hypotheses which are regularly published. The absence in the Code of Rules for the nomenclature of taxa above the rank superfamily (class-series nomenclature) is a factor of growing chaos in zoological taxonomy. This is why Dubois (2005) proposed a set of formal Rules for this nomenclature, which should be discussed and considered for incorporation into the Code. This paper focuses on a particular point regarding these proposed Rules, i.e., whether class-series nomina should be considered nomenclaturally available from their first publication in any modern language, provided they were latinized subsequently, or only from their first use in a latinized form. It is argued that the first solution should be retained, not only “to render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s”, but also for simple internal consistency within the Code. According to the Rules of the Code, generic nomina may be available, with their original authors and dates, even if directly transferred unchanged from modern languages, and family-series nomina, first published in a nonlatinized form, may be available, with their original authors and dates, provided they have been subsequently latinized. These general statements are illustrated with the higher nomenclature of several taxa including amphibians. According to the proposed Rules, the following nomina, authors and dates are the valid ones for the taxa they designate: VERTEBRATA Cuvier, 1800; AMPHIBIA De Blainville, 1816; GYMNOPHIONA Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1814; BATRACHIA Brongniart, 1800; ANURA Duméril, 1806; URODELA Duméril, 1806; AMPHIPNEUSTA Merrem, 1820.

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11

DUBOIS, ALAIN. "New synonymies in the order Urodela Duméril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia), with comments on the use of the formula "new taxon" to designate new nomina." Zootaxa 3563, no. 1 (November 26, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.5.

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Dubois & Raffaëlli (2012) recently published a new comprehensive taxonomy and nomenclature of the recent salamanders and newts of the world. Almost coincidentally, Wake (2012) published a revised classification of the salamander family Plethodontidae. Three family-series (or family-group) nomina (scientific names) were proposed as new in both papers. According to the date appearing in Zootaxa, the latter paper was published on 18 September 2012, whereas, according to the printer Frédéric Paillart (personal communication), the former was mailed to subscribers of Alytes on 24 October 2012. Therefore the new nomina that are common to both papers are valid in the latter, and invalid junior synonyms and homonyms in the former. I here present complete synonymic lists for these three nomina, as well as a few additional comments.

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12

Ascarrunz, Eduardo, Jean-Claude Rage, Pierre Legreneur, and Michel Laurin. "Triadobatrachus massinoti, the earliest known lissamphibian (Vertebrata: Tetrapoda) re-examined by μCT scan, and the evolution of trunk length in batrachians." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 2 (June 14, 2016): 201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08502004.

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Triadobatrachus massinotiis a batrachian known from a single fossil from the Early Triassic of Madagascar that presents a combination of apomorphic salientian and plesiomorphic batrachian characters. Herein we offer a revised description of the specimen based on X-ray micro-tomography data. We report previously unknown caudal vertebrae, possible mentomeckelians, and hidden parts of other structures. We also confirm the presence of a ventrolateral ledge on the opisthotic, and we rectify some previous interpretations. There are no cervical ribs and the jaw may have had an angular. The presacral region is composed of 15 vertebrae with a unique atlas-axis complex instead of 14 vertebrae with a bipartite atlas. The configuration of the pelvic girdle is not very clear, although it is likely more plesiomorphic than the anuran- like condition previously assumed. Our re-assessment of the saltatorial performance of Triadobatrachussupports the traditional interpretation that this animal was not a specialised jumper. In order to assess the sequence of events in the early evolution of the salientian morphotype, we estimated the ancestral length of the trunk region of batrachians under different hypotheses of lissamphibian relationships and divergence times. Most of our results suggest that some trunk reduction took place before the divergence of caudates and salientians (presumably in the Permian), and that the trunk of Triadobatrachusmostly reflects this ancestral condition. Thus, trunk reduction possibly preceded the anteroposterior elongation of the ilia and the shortening of the tail seen in Triadobatrachus. We also provide an updated review of the data relevant for the use of Triadobatrachusas a calibration constraint in molecular divergence age analyses that meets recently-suggested standards.

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13

Methuen, Paul A. "Descriptions of a new Snake from the Transvaal, together with a new Diagnosis and Key of the Genus Xenocalamus, and of some Batrachia from Madagascar." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 89, no. 3-4 (August 21, 2009): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1919.tb02128.x.

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14

Dubois, Alain. "Further proposals about higher zoological nomenclature, and a lesson of humility: the solution to a recent controversy about the authorship and date of the nomen Amphibia had already been published one century ago." Bionomina 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.8.1.1.

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The absence in the Code of Rules for the nomenclature of zoological taxa above the rank superfamily is an impediment to universal and unambiguous communication about the higher taxonomy of animals. Pending the possible fixing of the Code in this respect, it appears justified to develop a set of simple ‘guidelines’ which could be adopted consensually by the taxonomists who wish so. They could include: (1) the convention that the ‘same name’ given to different higher taxa results in the existence (and therefore availability) of different homonymous nomina, having different authors and dates; (2) the convention that a nomen of higher taxon first introduced clearly as a scientific, not vernacular, name but in a non-Latin form, and that was latinised subsequently in the literature, should be credited to the author of the original work; (3) the need to ‘protect’ the best known and most often used higher zoological nomina (sozonyms and sozodiaphonyms), with the dominant meanings and spellings that they have had for decades or centuries in the biological literature, irrespective of being or not the first ones to have been proposed for the taxa at stake or among homonyms; (4) the implementation of the Principles of Homonymy and of Priority among all the other nomina of higher taxa. These proposals are illustrated by examples in amphibian higher nomenclature, concerning the well-known nomina Amphibia and Batrachia, which have been the matter of recent controversies. An unexpected finding is reported here: that a similar debate on this same question developed in the years 1889–1910, mostly in the journal Science, and was closed by a clear and simple solution, which has fallen into complete oblivion since then. This suggests that our databases are incomplete and that we should be more humble in our debates than we often are, as we are still missing important pieces of information on the past literature.

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Pardo, Jason D., Bryan J. Small, and Adam K. Huttenlocker. "Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of Lissamphibia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 27 (June 19, 2017): E5389—E5395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706752114.

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The origin of the limbless caecilians remains a lasting question in vertebrate evolution. Molecular phylogenies and morphology support that caecilians are the sister taxon of batrachians (frogs and salamanders), from which they diverged no later than the early Permian. Although recent efforts have discovered new, early members of the batrachian lineage, the record of pre-Cretaceous caecilians is limited to a single species, Eocaecilia micropodia. The position of Eocaecilia within tetrapod phylogeny is controversial, as it already acquired the specialized morphology that characterizes modern caecilians by the Jurassic. Here, we report on a small amphibian from the Upper Triassic of Colorado, United States, with a mélange of caecilian synapomorphies and general lissamphibian plesiomorphies. We evaluated its relationships by designing an inclusive phylogenetic analysis that broadly incorporates definitive members of the modern lissamphibian orders and a diversity of extinct temnospondyl amphibians, including stereospondyls. Our results place the taxon confidently within lissamphibians but demonstrate that the diversity of Permian and Triassic stereospondyls also falls within this group. This hypothesis of caecilian origins closes a substantial morphologic and temporal gap and explains the appeal of morphology-based polyphyly hypotheses for the origins of Lissamphibia while reconciling molecular support for the group’s monophyly. Stem caecilian morphology reveals a previously unrecognized stepwise acquisition of typical caecilian cranial apomorphies during the Triassic. A major implication is that many Paleozoic total group lissamphibians (i.e., higher temnospondyls, including the stereospondyl subclade) fall within crown Lissamphibia, which must have originated before 315 million years ago.

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Butkuvienė, Jurgita, Zofija Sinkevičienė, and Donatas Žvingila. "Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) in the Rivers of Lithuania." Botanica Lithuanica 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2014-0006.

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Abstract Butkuvienė J., Sinkevičienė Z., Žvingila D., 2014: Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) in the rivers of Lithuania [Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) Lietuvos upėse]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 46-56. Batrachium (DC.) S.F.Gray is one of the most complicated taxonomic groups of aquatic plants. Identification to species level often is very difficult because of simplified morphology and variable taxonomic interpretation of the group. This paper reports the results of the revision of herbarium specimens of Batrachium from flowing waters. The occurrence and distribution of Batrachium fluitans and Batrachium pseudofluitans in the rivers of Lithuania are presented as well as morphological characters important for the separation of these taxa are discussed

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17

Parvez, Imran, Rukaya Akter Rumi, Purnima Rani Ray, Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan, Shirin Sultana, Rubaiya Pervin, Suvit Suwanno, and Siriporn Pradit. "Invasion of African Clarias gariepinus Drives Genetic Erosion of the Indigenous C. batrachus in Bangladesh." Biology 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020252.

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The African catfish Clarias gariepinus has been introduced for aquaculture in Bangladesh due to the scarcity of indigenous C. batrachus fingerlings. However, the government of Bangladesh has banned the farming of C. gariepinus due to the carnivorous nature of this species. Recently C. gariepinus has been reported by fish farmers and consumers in Bangladesh, and unplanned hybridization between native and exotic species has been suspected. This study attempts to know the purity of C. batrachus by analyzing mitochondrial genes. Both directly sequenced and retrieved Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes from C. gareipinus and C. batrachus were analyzed by MEGA software. The morphologically dissimilar C. batrachus showed the least genetic distance (0.295) from C. gariepinus, which provided evidence of hybridization between the two species. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees showed that C. batrachus from Bangladesh did not cluster with C. batrachus of other countries, instead C. batrachus clustered with the exotic C. gariepinus. The suspected hybrid formed sister taxa with the exotic C. gariepinus. The study corroborates the genetic deterioration of C. batrachus by unplanned hybridization with the invasive C. gariepinus. Unplanned hybridization has deleterious consequences; therefore, immediate action is necessary for aquaculture sustainability and biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh.

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18

Tamam, Muhammad Badrut, Aisyah Hadi Ramadani, and Fitri Sil Valen. "Clarias batrachus linnaeus, 1758 (siluriformes, clariidae): new records of threatened catfish from Bawean Island, Indonesia." Genbinesia Journal of Biology 1, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55655/genbinesia.v1i1.5.

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Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758 is one of catfish in Indonesia. The spread of Clarias batrachus in Indonesia have generally in mainland of Sumatra, Borneo and Java. In 2019 we report for the first time the presence of C. batrachus on Bawean, a small, isolated island, conservation area in the middle of Java Sea. A description of morphological characters of a specimen are provided. Presence of C. batrachus on Bawean Island caused by the geographical reason and human introduction factors.

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Prasai, Shristi, Puja Shrestha, Sriniwas Pandey, Ishika Adhikari, Srijana Gurung, and Kamil Prajapati. "Microbial Quality Assessment of Raw Freshwater Fish Sold in Local Markets of Kathmandu Valley." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54796/njb.v10i1.225.

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Microbial quality of Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias batrachus collected from the markets of Kathmandu valley was evaluated. 9 freshwater fish (skin, gills, intestine) were sampled and were analyzed for Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fecal Coliform Count (TFCC). The average TPC ranged from 4.1 x 107 to 1.02 x 108 cfu/gm, with the highest count in C. batrachus and the lowest in C. carpio, whereas the organ wise load was the highest in intestine with 1.3 x 108 cfu/gm and the lowest in skin with 1.02 x 107 cfu/gm. The highest TCC and TFCC was found in C. carpio and C. batrachus respectively, whereas organ wise distribution showed the highest count in intestine for both TCC and TFCC. The pathogens isolated from the samples were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. E. coli was isolated from 67% of L. rohita, 44.44% of C. carpio and 66.67% of C. batrachus. S. aureus was isolated from 44.44% of both L. rohita and C. batrachus whereas 55.55% of C. carpio. CoNS were isolated from 33.33% of L. rohita, 22.22% of C. carpio and 33.33% of C. batrachus. S. Typhi was isolated from 11.11% of C. carpio and 22.22% of C. batrachus. S. Paratyphi was isolated from 11.11% of both L. rohita and C. batrachus, V. cholerae was isolated from 11.11% of L. rohita, 33.33% of C. carpio and 22.22% of C. batrachus. The observation of this study showed higher bacterial load in all of the fishes above the acceptance level and presence of Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and potential human pathogens suggests that the microbial quality of the fish available in the market is not satisfactory. Hence, the fishes possess a threat to public health safety and there is an urgent need to improve the Quality Control and Quality Assurance Systems for fish markets of Kathmandu valley.

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20

Yesmin, Sabina, and Hamida Khanum. "Biochemical analysis of different nutritional components of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in relation to parasitic infestation." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42018.

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Two catfish: Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell) were selected for examination during June, 2014 to May, 2016. The percentage (g/100 g) of nutrients such as moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate contents (mg/100 g) and energy (K cal) in C. batrachus and C. gariepinus was determined. Analyses were done to measure the nutrition value of edible body parts (flesh) of C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. The effects of modifying factors such as, season, sex, length, and diet of the hosts on the abundance of parasites were also studied. Present observation on biochemical analysis showed small variation in nutrient contents between C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Protein, fat, moisture, carbohydrate levels were higher in non-infected C. batrachus (moisture 78.25 ± 0.06 g/100 g, ash 1.42 ± 0.09 g/100 g, fat 1.20 ± 0.04 g/100 g, protein15.05 ± 0.19 g/100 g, carbohydrate 5.53%) and non-infected C. gariepinus (moisture 78.62 ± 0.01 g/100 g, ash 1.22 ± 0.10 g/100 g, fat 1.19 ± 0.03 g/100 g, protein 14.69 ± 0.07 g/100 g, carbohydrate 4.95% than those of infected C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. In both species the highest presence of most of the nutrient components was observed in winter. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 27-39, 2019

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21

Monir, Md Shirajum, Nazneen Bagum, SM Lutful Kabir, Shuvho Chakra Borty, and Mohammad Ashaf Ud Doulah. "Evaluation of pathogenicity of motile Aeromonas species in air-breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus)." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v1i1.55760.

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the comparative capability of producing infections and causing mortality of the experimental Magur (Clarias batrachus) with motile Aeromonas species. A total of 200 apparently healthy C. batrachus were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for experimental study. Nine different groups (each group consisting of 20 fish) of healthy C. batrachus was injected with nine motile Aeromonas isolates (A. hydrophila-3, A. sobria-3 and A. caviae-3). Experimental C. batrachus were infected with motile A. hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae to groups 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9, respectively while group 10 was injected with sterile physiological saline (0.85% NaCl) and served as the control. The selected motile bacterial species via intramuscularly were injected at the rate of 4.5 × 105 cfu/fish for pathogenicity study on C. batrachus and monitored up to two weeks. The highest clinical infections were noticed 90% in group-3 whereas only 35% in group-8 within the experimental period. After two weeks of the experiment, the cumulative mortality rate was also found highest (60%) in group-3 but lowest (15%) in group-9 while no infection or mortality showed in group-10 (control group). The development of infection and mortality to the injected C. batrachus was associated more severely by Aeromonas hydrophila than A. sobria and A. caviae used in this study. However, the isolates motile Aeromonas species could serve as the primary cause of skin lesions as well as mortality in cultured C. batrachus. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 45-50

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22

Satpathi*, Manisha, and Ravinder Singh. "Toxic effects of sub lethal concentration of dioctyl phthalate on the histology of liver of Clarias batrachus (Linn.)." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 09 (August 31, 2016): 4874. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.09.0017.

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Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) commonly used as plasticizer enters into aquatic environment from the industries manufacturing plastic products, PVC resins, cosmetics and many other commercial products. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of Dioctyl phthalate on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus. The 96 hour LC50 of Dioctyl phthalate in Clarias batrachus was estimated as 14.5ml/L. Histopathological changes in liver of Clarias batrachus were determined by exposing them to a fraction of LC50(1/5th) dose with every change of water for 30 days.The liver of Clarias batrachus was excised at every interval of 30 days and histological changes of liver were studied under light microscopy. Liver tissues showed abnormalities. Centrilobular vacuolation, necrosis, eccentric nuclei and enlarged nuclei, Centrilobular degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in liver tissue of fish.

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Olufeagba, Samuel Olabode, and Victor Tosin Okomoda. "Cannibalism and Performance Evaluation of Hybrids between Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0019.

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AbstractCannibalism is an important characteristic of African catfish that significantly reduces the number of stocked fish at harvest. This study evaluates the effect of reciprocal hybridization of Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus on cannibalism and growth performance of their progenies in an indoor rearing system. The result obtained reveals excellent performance of hybrids of C. gariepinus ♂ and C. batrachus ♀ over the purebreds in terms of growth. However, the reciprocal hybrids between C. gariepinus ♀ and C. batrachus ♂ all died few hours after hatching. Cannibalism was significantly reduced in the crosses between C. gariepinus ♂ and C. batrachus ♀ with 100% survival after five months of culture. Hence, this could be exploited in commercial production of catfish to reduce cannibalism and increase harvest size of fish farmers.

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Ganguly, Arindam, Amrita Banerjee, Asish Mandal, and Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra. "Probiotic-based cultivation of Clarias batrachus: importance and future perspective." Acta Biologica Szegediensis 62, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2018.2.158-168.

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Clarias batrachus (Linn.) is widely recognized in Indian sub-continent for its nutritional and economic significance. At present, it remains at a merely vulnerable state. Pathogenic infections, diminution of natural habitats and introduction of allied exotic fishes are the causes of productivity constraint, particularly in Southern Asia. Conversely, African cat fish Clarias gariepinus has been significantly identified as a potential threat to biodiversity, despite being its large scale cultivation across the world. Thus emphasis on indigenous C. batrachus farming is becoming inevitable. Currently, screening of autochthonous probiotic organisms for the cultivation of C. batrachus in semi-intensive manner is getting importance. At the same time, molecular omics-based technologies are also gaining considerable attention to identify potential probiotic markers. This review provides an overall concept of probiotics, its application and future perspectives in relation to the cultivation of C. batrachus.

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Bari, SM, SMI Khalil, MAA Mamun, MJ Islam, MA Baten, and MM Hossain. "Seasonal Variation in Population Dynamics of Helminth Parasites in Clarias batrachus from Natural wetlands of Sylhet, Bangladesh." International Journal of Natural Sciences 5, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v5i2.28617.

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A year round field investigations were conducted with the aim to examine the seasonal variation in population dynamics of helminth parasites in Clarias batrachus from different natural aquatic habitat of north-eastern region of Bangladesh, Sylhet. This article summarizes the percentage of prevalence, mean intensity, abundance and index of infestation of helminth parasites in the C. batrachus during different months and seasons of the year in accordance with temperature, humidity and rainfall. The investigation period were categorized into four seasons i.e. pre-monsoon (February-April), monsoon (May-July), post-monsoon (August- October) and winter (November- January). A total 180 C. batrachus host individuals were examined and among them 139 (67.87%) specimens were found to be infested with 2205 individuals of parasites of three different groups namely trematode, cestode and nematode. Almost (100%) prevalence of helminth infestation were recorded from both male and female C. batrachus during the winter (Nov-Jan), followed by (Feb-April) pre-monsoon (66.67-86.67%) and (Aug-Sep) post-monsoon (66.67-80.00%) while lowest (53.33-60.00%) in monsoon or rainy season (May-July). Lower range of environmental temperature (21.0525.050C), associated with moderate humidity (62.00-64.00%) and scarcity of rainfall increases the intensity of helminthes parasitic infestation in C. batrachus. In consistent to this, with the gradual increasing in ambient temperature (28.01- 30.010C) and humidity (75.00-89.00%) associated with moderate rainfall (33.40-790.90 mm) declining the intensity of helminthes infestation in C. batrachus of the study area.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 86-89

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B., Theresia Indah, Bambang Sumaryono, Ketut Suardita, and Amelia Putri R. "BMP-2 Expression of Post Tooth Extraction that Catfish Oil Application." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1116.

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Catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil contain the highest amount of omega-3-PUFA among other freshwater fish. The omega-3-PUFA in fish oil produced eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It is known that EPA and DHA in essentials fatty acid (EFA) could improve BMP-2 expression. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is bone stimulator which capable of inducing differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblast, stimulating bone formation in wound healing process of dental extraction. Purpose: To prove the increasing expression of BMP-2 after catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil application. Methods: We have used the post test only design in this research. There have been 21 Rattus novergicus as research samples, and those were divided into 3 groups, group KK as control, group KP1 was given catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil in 5% concentration, and group KP2 was given catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil in 10% concentration. Catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil were applied into the socket of dental extraction. Rat was decapulated 7 days after fish oil application and the jaw in the treated regions and control group were cut for immunohistochemistry examination to observe BMP-2 expression. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Result: There is significant difference increased of BMP-2 expression between control and treatment group. In samples given with 10% concentration of catfish oil had the most significant increase of BMP-2 expression. Conclusion: Catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil in 10% concentration could increase the expression of BMP-2 post dental extraction.Key words: Catfish oil, BMP-2, dental extraction.

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Gupta, Dileep K., and Neelima Gupta. "A Hemogram of Clarias batrachus Parasitized by Two Species of Hemoflagellates (Trypanosoma batrachi Qadri, 1962 and Trypanoplasma haematalis n.sp.) as an Indicator of Infectivity." Reviews in Fisheries Science 18, no. 2 (April 16, 2010): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260903450132.

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Bharathkumar, Goondi, and Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham. "Oxytetracycline resistant bacteria in Clarias gariepinus and Clarias batrachus larvae and the environment." Journal of Fisheries 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.94.

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Antibiotics and several other chemicals are used in catfish aquaculture as a remedy for various diseases. Reports on the distribution of different groups of bacteria especially the antibiotic resistant bacteria in catfish nursery system are scanty. The present study quantified motile aeromonads, pseudomonads and antibiotic (oxytetracycline) resistant bacteria in Clarias gariepinus and C. batrachus larvae and the rearing water from five catfish nurseries of West Bengal, India between March 2007 and July 2007. The C. gariepinus and C. batrachus larvae recorded mean counts of log 7.26±0.18/g and log 6.24±0.64/g, log 6.37±0.41/g and log 4.93±0.51/g, log 5.46±0.22/g and log 4.38±0.53/g and, log 6.27±0.64/g and log 5.57±0.12/g, respectively for total viable bacteria (TVCs), motile aeromonads (MACs), presumptive pseudomonads (PPCs) and oxytetracycline resistant bacteria (ARBCs). The levels of TVCs, MACs, PPCs and ARBCs were significantly high in C. gariepinus than in C. batrachus larvae. The rearing water recorded comparatively low bacterial counts than in larvae. The difference between the TVCs of larvae and larval rearing water of C. gariepinus was statistically significant, where as it was insignificant for C. batrachus. The mean proportion of motile aeromonads of C. gariepinus larvae and rearing water was about 4-5 fold higher than in C. batrachus.

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Bharathkumar, Goondi, and Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham. "Oxytetracycline resistant bacteria in Clarias gariepinus and Clarias batrachus larvae and the environment." Journal of Fisheries 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v3i1.2015.48.

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Antibiotics and several other chemicals are used in catfish aquaculture as a remedy for various diseases. Reports on the distribution of different groups of bacteria especially the antibiotic resistant bacteria in catfish nursery system are scanty. The present study quantified motile aeromonads, pseudomonads and antibiotic (oxytetracycline) resistant bacteria in Clarias gariepinus and C. batrachus larvae and the rearing water from five catfish nurseries of West Bengal, India between March 2007 and July 2007. The C. gariepinus and C. batrachus larvae recorded mean counts of log 7.26±0.18/g and log 6.24±0.64/g, log 6.37±0.41/g and log 4.93±0.51/g, log 5.46±0.22/g and log 4.38±0.53/g and, log 6.27±0.64/g and log 5.57±0.12/g, respectively for total viable bacteria (TVCs), motile aeromonads (MACs), presumptive pseudomonads (PPCs) and oxytetracycline resistant bacteria (ARBCs). The levels of TVCs, MACs, PPCs and ARBCs were significantly high in C. gariepinus than in C. batrachus larvae. The rearing water recorded comparatively low bacterial counts than in larvae. The difference between the TVCs of larvae and larval rearing water of C. gariepinus was statistically significant, where as it was insignificant for C. batrachus. The mean proportion of motile aeromonads of C. gariepinus larvae and rearing water was about 4-5 fold higher than in C. batrachus. The catfish nurseries recorded high prevalence of oxytetracycline resistant bacteria ranging from 3.58-35.71% in larval rearing water and 2.05-37.89% in larvae.

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Jagyanseni, Subhashree, Saswati Mishra, and Satya Narayan Sahoo. "A Study on Genotoxic Potential of Acephate in Clarias batrachus." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (February 3, 2023): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.1.5.

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Acephate is an insecticide made up of organophosphates. It is applied to food crops, citrus trees, on golf courses, in commercial or institutional buildings, and as a seed treatment. Products containing acephate can be purchased as tablets, liquids, granules, powders, and water-soluble packs. Acephate 75% brand name-Asataf insecticide manufactured by TATA RALLIS was used for the test. The solvent used was glass double distilled (g.d.d.) water. Fresh water catfish Clarias batrachus were collected from local water bodies of Cuttack district. All the fishes were acclimatized for fifteen days in laboratory aquaria containing 30L dechlorinated tap water prior to the initiation of the experiment. The peripheral blood smear slides were prepared from the blood collected by caudal incision in accordance with Al-Sabti (1986) and Das and Nanda (1986) with some modifications which were prepared animals were sacrificed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of Exposure and were used for each treatment group in both types of administrations (IP and dermal). The increased concentration of acephate directly affects our biological fish sample i.e. Clarias batrachus. Acephate is causing serious problems in fish as per our genotoxicity study of acephate on Clarias batrachus. Clarias batrachus is a commonly found fish species in fresh water habitat which includes ponds, ditches, wetlands and rice fields of India specially in Odisha.The irrational use of pesticides containing acephate in agriculture cause harmful effects on Clarias batrachus, which is a most important species of fish for maintaining the aquatic diversity.

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SILVA, DANIELA SANTOS MARTINS, OSCAR J. CADENA-CASTAÑEDA, and MARCELO RIBEIRO PEREIRA. "Batrachideinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae): an overview of the most diverse tetrigids of the Neotropical region." Zootaxa 4946, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 1–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4946.1.1.

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The Batrachideinae subfamily is a well-defined and taxonomically stable taxon, with a pantropical distribution and an important representation in the Neotropical region. In this study, the characters and distributions of the genera and species are discussed based on a morphological analysis and a key to genera of the American Batrachideinae is also provided. New synonymies are established: Tettigidea Scudder, 1862 = Eotetrix Gorochov, 2012 syn. nov.; Batrachidea mucronata (Saint-Fargeau & Serville, 1825) = Tettigidea granulosa Bruner, 1913 syn. nov.; Batrachidea planus (Hancock, 1907) = Batrachidea brevis (Hancock, 1909) syn. nov.; Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824) = Tettigidea nicaraguae Bruner, 1895 syn. nov.; Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824) = Tettigidea annulipes Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea cuspidata Scudder, 1875 = Tettigidea corrugata Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea cuspidata Scudder, 1875 = Tettigidea multicostata Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov.; Tettigidea chapadensis Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea costalis Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea chapadensis Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea hancocki Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea intermedia Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea subatera Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea scudderi Bolívar, 1887 = Tettigidea steinbachi Bruner, 1920 syn. nov. Three species are transferred from the genus Tettigidea to the genus Paxilla Bolívar, 1887: Paxilla mexicana (Hancock, 1915) comb. nov., Paxilla tecta (Morse, 1900) comb. nov., Paxilla nigra (Morse, 1900) comb. nov.; Tettigidea unicornis (Gorochov, 2012) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Eotetrix Gorochov, 2012 to Tettigidea, and Batrachidea planus (Hancock, 1907) comb. nov. from Tettigidea to Batrachidea Serville, 1838. Five new species groups (lateralis, armata, cuspidata, paratecta and scudderi) are recognized in the genus Tettigidea. Neotype of Tettigidea lateralis lateralis is designated. Keys to the Batrachideinae genera and species of the most diverse American genera (Tettigidea and Paxilla) are also provided.

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Padhi, Bhaja K., Sudip K. Ghosh, and Radha K. Mandal. "Characterization of MboI satellites in Cirrhina mrigala and Clarias batrachus (Pisces)." Genome 41, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-096.

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We have cloned and characterized two highly reiterated, tandemly repeated, and A + T rich MboI DNA fragments, one in Cirrhina mrigala (Cyprinidae), with a monomer size of 266 bp, and one in Clarias batrachus (Clariidae), with a monomer size of 227 bp. The MboI fragment in C. mrigala is species-specific and absent in other carps, such as Catla catla and Labeo rohita. The MboI fragment in C. batrachus was also present in two other catfishes tested, namely Clarias gariepinus and Heteropneustes fossilis. In C. mrigala xC. catla and C. mrigala x L. rohita hybrids, the C. mrigala specific MboI fragment is inherited uniparentally. In the reciprocal hybrids of C. batrachus xH. fossilis, the satellite ladder contains the bands of both parental species. The MboI satellite of carp may be useful in genetic introgression analysis and that of catfish in distinguishing between gynogenetic progeny and true hybrids.

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Úbeda, Carmen, and José Nuñez. "New parental care behaviours in two telmatobiine genera from temperate Patagonian forests: Batrachyla and Eupsophus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 27, no. 3 (2006): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853806778190015.

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AbstractParental care behaviour is described for the first time for two frog species of Batrachyla and three species of Eupsophus, from the Patagonian forests of Chile and Argentina. Males of Batrachyla species attend to eggs which are hidden under shelters on damp soil. Males of Eupsophus species remain by the clutch, and later on also by the tadpoles, in small aquatic microhabitats in the ground. The fact that some male of Eupsophus were found in advanced stages of weight loss confirms the hypothesis that they remain by the clutch until metamorphosis takes place. The parental care behaviour observed in Eupsophus and Batrachyla complements the reproductive strategy of their species, which have few eggs relatively rich in yolk and conceal the clutch in semi-terrestrial environments, and in Eupsophus, have unpigmented endotrophic tadpoles which remain confined to a dark, aquatic microhabitat until their metamorphosis is complete.

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Jorquera, Boris, Orlando Garrido, and Emilio Pugin. "Sperm morphology of Batrachyla (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 10, no. 2 (1989): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853889x00179.

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AbstractThe structure of immature and mature sperm of the three species of Batrachyla were compared by using smears for light microscopy and ultrathin sections for transmission electron microscopy. Minor differences in length and some ultrastructural details support the notion that B. antartandica and B, taeniata are more closely related to each other than to B. leptopus. Comparisons of the sperm of Batrachyla with those of other anurans suggest the sperm morphology may be correlated with broad phylogenetic relationships as well as mode of fertilization.

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Mallick, Anusaya. "Study of Glucose-6 Phosphatase activity in Clarias batrachus (Linn.) after feeding the probiotic fish feed." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 12 (August 30, 2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2017.v12.002.

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Glucose-6 Phosphatase activity was studied in the air breathing fresh water catfish (Clarias batrachus) by giving the probiotic feed. The experiment was conducted in laboratory condition with glass jar aquarium. Bacteriological and different biochemical tests like cytochrome oxidase, fermentative and catalase test were analysed along with certain physiological parameters of water samples. Clarias batrachus was fed by prepared four diets, F1, F2, F3 and F4. The diets were prepared using fishmeal, soyabean meal, groundnut oil cake, rice bran, vitamin mineral mixture and different concentration of probiotics. The Clarias batrachus in experimental treatments were fed by the prepared diets upto six weeks. The significant amount of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was found in the gut microflora of the experimental fish. Glucose 6- phophatase activity was decreased in liver with increase in probiotic concentration in feed. But the enzyme activity in kidney, gill and stomach did not follow any trend. The water quality parameters like pH, CO2, DO, alkalinity, ammonia concentrations of the experimental tanks were varied significantly with treatment time.

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Mallick, Anusaya. "Study of Glucose-6 Phosphatase activity in Clarias batrachus (Linn.) after feeding the probiotic fish feed." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 12 (August 30, 2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2017.v12.002.

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Glucose-6 Phosphatase activity was studied in the air breathing fresh water catfish (Clarias batrachus) by giving the probiotic feed. The experiment was conducted in laboratory condition with glass jar aquarium. Bacteriological and different biochemical tests like cytochrome oxidase, fermentative and catalase test were analysed along with certain physiological parameters of water samples. Clarias batrachus was fed by prepared four diets, F1, F2, F3 and F4. The diets were prepared using fishmeal, soyabean meal, groundnut oil cake, rice bran, vitamin mineral mixture and different concentration of probiotics. The Clarias batrachus in experimental treatments were fed by the prepared diets upto six weeks. The significant amount of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was found in the gut microflora of the experimental fish. Glucose 6- phophatase activity was decreased in liver with increase in probiotic concentration in feed. But the enzyme activity in kidney, gill and stomach did not follow any trend. The water quality parameters like pH, CO2, DO, alkalinity, ammonia concentrations of the experimental tanks were varied significantly with treatment time.

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Sahalan, Ahmad Zorin, Engku Sharmila, and Nazahiyah Sulaiman. "The Epidermal Mucus Extract of Clarias Batrachus Inhibits Gram Negative Bacteria Growth." Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 16, si (January 15, 2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2018-12.

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Sahalan, Ahmad Zorin, Sharmila Engku, and Nazahiyah Sulaiman. "The Epidermal Mucus Extract of Clarias Batrachus Inhibits Gram Negative Bacteria Growth." Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 16, Special Issue (January 15, 2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2018-16si-12.

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Monir, Md Shirajum, Nazneen Bagum, SM Lutful Kabir, Shuvho Chakra Borty, and Mohammad Ashaf Ud Doulah. "Isolation, molecular identification and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila from infected air-breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus) cultured in Mymensingh, Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v1i1.55757.

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The study was carried out from November, 2014 to February, 2015 with the objective of isolating Aeromonas hydrophila an important fish pathogen from infected air-breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus) in Mymensingh district. Quantitative study of the isolated bacteria from infected C. batrachus was found variation of number in different organs. Total bacterial load was found to be 1.16 x 105 to 3.15 x 106 cfu/g in lesions, 2.14 x 108 to 4.17 x 109 cfu/g in liver, 1.90 x 107 to 5.12 x 108 cfu/g in spleen and 2.32 x 106 to 5.24 x 108 cfu/g in kidney of infected C. batrachus in Mymensingh district. The isolates were found to produce acid from arabinose, whereas acid and gas from different sugar media such as maltose, sucrose, and dextrose. Morover, they were capable to ferment glucose but resistant to vibriostatic agent 0129 test. Further identification of A. hydrophila was accomplished using PCR. The PCR products of desired 760 bp were obtained for A. hydrophila. The isolated A. hydrophila were 96% sensitive to Enrofloxacin followed by 88% to Ciprofloxacin and 76% to Levofloxacin. On the other way, 100% were resistant to the Ampicillin followed by 96% to Penicillin and 92% to Novobiocin. So far, this is the first molecular identification of A. hydrophila from farmed C. batrachus in Bangladesh. The present study will provide future research scopes on identification of pathogenicity island in chromosome and serotyping of all A. hydrophila isolates. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 17-24

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Bobrov, Alexander A., Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz, Magdalena Jopek, and Ekaterina A. Movergoz. "Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia—a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe." Phytotaxa 233, no. 2 (November 4, 2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.233.2.1.

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The taxa of Ranunculus section Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) have been variably and unsatisfactorily treated in North Europe. Since the description of Ranunculus schmalhausenii (Batrachium dichotomum), probably the most common species in the area, its taxonomic status and identity have been unclear and differently implied. In the majority of treatments, individuals of R. schmalhausenii were ascribed to R. peltatus but sometimes also to the other morphologically similar, heterophyllous taxa. Based on detailed morphological study combined with geographical, ecological and biological evaluation the separate species status of this taxon was finally evidenced. The additive ITS polymorphism pattern of R. schmalhausenii confirmed its hybridogenous origin, however identification of the parental species was impeded by the heterogeneous character of the polymorphism detected. Genetic variation expressed by R. schmalhausenii samples may provide evidence of its multiple origin and suggests sexual reproduction of the taxon. Analysis of a sequence variation of two noncoding cpDNA regions, namely psbE-petL and rpl32-trnL, showed that individuals of R. schmalhausenii inherited cpDNA from two lineages of Batrachium, indicating that this taxon was created at least in two separate hybridization events. Ranunculus schmalhausenii may have originated from sexual ancestral species as multiple created hybrids which have been stabilized by polyploidisation. Genetic structure of R. schmalhausenii is somehow similar to also hybridogenous R. penicillatus. In this study, a detailed morphological, geographical, ecological, and biological description of R. schmalhausenii was presented and the differences between this species and similar taxa were outlined. The name was lectotypified and its synonymy was provided. In contrast to many other heterophyllous species of Ranunculus section Batrachium, R. schmalhausenii occurs mainly in young, postglacial landscapes of Fennoscandia, prefering deep and clear waters with current or wave action and a hard bottom, which perfectly corresponds with a relict, postglacial nature of the species. The species probably presents an example of rapid hybrid speciation (less than 10 000 years) in postglacial environment of North Europe and may be considered as endemic to Fennoscandia. Moreover, R. schmalhausenii, as a weak competitor and pollution sensitive taxon, can be regarded as an indicator of clean waters. Phylogenetic relations within section Batrachium indicates convergent evolution of some species and two cases of possible cpDNA capture.

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Bobrov, A., and O. Mochalova. "Notes on aquatic vascular plants of Yakutia on materials of the Yakutian Herbaria." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 45 (2014): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2014.45.122.

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Critical study of aquatic vascular plants in the Herbaria of Yakutsk (Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of RAS; North-Eastern Federal University) was carried out. Taxonomic composition of the genera Batrachium (DC.) Gray, Callitriche L., Ceratophyllum L., Lemna L., Myriophyllum L., Potamogeton L., Sparganium L., and Utricularia L. in Yakutia were specified as wel as distribution and frequency of their species. Taxonomic problems in some groups were discussed with their decisions proposed. In comparison with new publications on thr flora of the Republic, a number of accepted taxa in Batrachium, Callitriche, Potamogeton, Utricularia was reduced. Circumscriptions and names in Batrachium, Lemna, Potamogeton, Sparganium, Utricularia were changed, mainly due to recognition of characteristic North Asiatic and North Asiatic-North American species instead of widespread Euro-Siberian, Euro-Asiatic and Holarctic taxa. Presence of common Asiatic and North American species shows a considerable Amphipacific relation of the Northeastern Asian aquatic. The northern limits of distribution of the aquatic plants in Yakutia were analyzed, they were shown to occur there up to 71° N, while in Taimyr — above 74°, in Chukotka — up to 67°; that is everywhere approximately 3° southward of marginal points of continental land.

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Sari Wahyu Waryani, Rika Silvia, and Farida Hanum. "PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp) DAN IKAN LELE (Clarias batrachus)." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 4 (January 8, 2015): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i4.1656.

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The efforts that should be made to maintain the quality of fish is by using antimicrobial compounds, one of which is chitosan. In this research, characterization of chitosan from shell snail (Achatina fulica) has a water content of 5.07%, ash content of 1.8% and the degree of deacetylation (DD) 75.13%. The use of chitosan in this study was to determine the optimal conditions on chitosan concentration and storage time of mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) from the microbiological and organoleptic aspects. This research used a variation of the concentration of chitosan was 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Observations were do with variation the storage time 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours and 25 hours and the provision of chitosan solution by soaking and spraying with the observation parameters Total Volatile Base (TVB), organoleptic and pH of fish. Based on the analysis, the results showed that the maximum concentration of chitosan on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) is 1,5% and treatment by means of immersion is the best treatment. The use of chitosan solution on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) survived 20 hours while catfish (Clarias batrachus) survived 15 hours.

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Gandhewar, S. S., S. B. Zade, and S. R. Sitre. "Assessment of toxic potential of three different heavy metals to Clarias batrachus (Linn.) utilizing static acute bioassay." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.385.

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Acute toxicity bioassay of three different heavy metals copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) for the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus were conducted for evaluation of the toxicity. The 96h LC50 values recorded for Cu, Pb and Cd were 15 ppm, 29 ppm and 35 ppm respectively. The results of this study indicate that the order of toxicity of these heavy metals is Cu>Pb>Cd in short duration acute toxicity experiments. The toxicity was found to be dependent on dose and duration of experiment for all these heavy metals. Cu was found to be much more toxic than Pb and Cd to C. batrachus.

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WIEGLEB, GERHARD, MICHEL DESFAYES, and ALEXANDER A. BOBROV. "Ranunculus oblitus (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a new species from South America." Phytotaxa 559, no. 2 (August 23, 2022): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.2.

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Ranunculus oblitus, a new species of Ranunculus section Batrachium, is described from South America. The species is significantly different from the European laminar-leaved species R. aquatilis, and the Holarctic submerged species R. trichophyllus. It resembles the North Asian-North American species R. mongolicus differing by narrower petals, larger and fewer achenes. Available molecular data indicate affiliation to North American taxa of the R. trichophyllus group, especially R. porteri. The species occurs along the west coast of the continent from southern Peru to southern Chile, extending from sea level to an elevation of 4500 m a.s.l. in the Andes. There is some evidence that a second native Batrachium species occurs in South America.

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Wibowo, Risky Hadi, Welly Darwis, Sipriyadi Sipriyadi, Reza Wahyuni, Dhea Amelia Sari, Elsi Silvia, Aulia Adriansyah, Aldy Trianda, and Redo Setiawan. "Potency of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Leaves Methanol Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria of Catfish (Clarias batrachus L.)." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS 8, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v8i1.2475.

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Ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L.) merupakan salah satu spesies penting sebagai komoditas air tawar di Indonesia dengan produksi yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun, ikan lele rentan terhadap beberapa infeksi bakteri, terutama bila dipelihara dalam kondisi kepadatan tinggi, salah satunya oleh bakteri patogen Bacillus cereus. Banyak sumber bahan baku lokal yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ikan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dan mengatasi penyakit yang muncul pada budidaya ikan, salah satunya adalah tanaman tradisional ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) yang merupakan tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai zat antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun ketapang (T. catappa L.) terhadap bakteri patogen B. cereus dari isolat hati ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L.) penyebab penyakit pada budidaya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu maserasi dengan pelarut metanol perbandingan 1:10 yang dimaserasi 7 x 24 jam. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode cakram difusi dengan konsentrasi 45%, 52,5%, 60%, 67,5%, dan 75%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun ketapang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri B. cereus pada konsentrasi 45% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 13,51 mm (kategori kuat). Dari hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun ketapang memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen B. cereus penyebab penyakit pada hati ikan lele (C. batrachus L.)

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Suryanti, Yanti, Agus Priyadi, and Ningrum Suhenda. "PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN C DAN PENGGUNAAN ARGON DALAM PAKAN LELE LOKAL (Clarias batrachus) DI KOLAM TADAH HUJAN." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.3.2.1997.91-95.

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Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie, Siti Nafrezah Naushad Ali, Nurasmat Mohd Shukri, Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar, Noorfatimah Yahaya, and Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid. "Catalytic chelation technique for the removal of heavy metal from Clarius batrachus (C. batrachus)." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 5 (October 2020): 104165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104165.

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Sari, Dwi Inda, Siti Hanggita, Herpandi Herpandi, and Reistha Warayu. "Karakteristik Sensoris Chikuwa dengan Perbedaan Bahan Baku Surimi Ikan." Jurnal FishtecH 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/fishtech.v10i1.13117.

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Increased production of aquacultured freshwater fish, such as Pangasius pangasius, Oreochromis niloticus, and Clarias batrachus, wich have low commercial value as potential alternative raw materials for surimi. This study aimed to determine the sensory characteristics of chikuwa produced using different raw materials of surimi and increase the diversity of processed fishery products that are highly nutritious with recommended physical quality. This research used the randomized block design (RBD) method with three repetitions. The treatment used were the difference in raw materials of surimi, P1 (Pangasius pangasius), P2 (Oreochromis niloticus) and P3 (Clarias batrachus). Parameters in this research included physical analysis of surimi (gel strength), chemical analysis of surimi (protein content and moisture content), and chikuwa sensory analysis. The results showed that Pangasius pangasius had a significant effect on surimi gel strength, surimi protein content and surimi water content, but had no significant effect on Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias batrachus. Based on the chemical analysis results, all raw materials for surimi have met the standard of SNI 01-2694-2013 except for Pangasius pangasius surimi protein (11,94%). Different raw materials of surimi had a significant effect on the appearance, taste, color, and texture of the organoleptic test. However, it had no significant effect on the chikuwa aroma parameters. Chikuwa (P1) produced the best characteristics from an organoleptic.

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Juswono, Unggul P., Kusharto Kusharto, Yeni Cahyadi, and Risalatul Latifah. "Insecticide Effects on Membrane Potential of Catfish Egg Cell (Clarias batrachus)." Natural-B 1, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.natural-b.2012.001.03.9.

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Swarup, Krishna, Shyan P. Srivastav, Sunil K. Srivastav, and Ajai K. Srivastav. "Corpuscles of Stannius of freshwater catfish, Clarias Batrachus." Boletim de Zoologia 10, no. 10 (October 26, 1986): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3358.bolzoo.1986.122339.

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O presente artigo estuda o número, localização e estrutura citológica dos corpúsculos de Stannius do bagre de água doce Clarias batrachus. Ocorre apenas um tipo celular e as células são eosina +, AF + e PAS +.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Batrachia'

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