Relevant bibliographies by topics / Batter surface

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Batter surface'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Batter surface"

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Rahimi, Jamshid, and Michael O. Ngadi. "Surface ruptures of fried batters as influenced by batter formulations." Journal of Food Engineering 152 (May 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.12.002.

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Kim, Jiseong, Seong-Kyu Yun, Minsu Kang, and Gichun Kang. "Behavior Characteristics of Single Batter Pile under Vertical Load." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 4432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104432.

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The purpose of this study is to grasp the behavior characteristics of a single batter pile under vertical load by performing a model test. The changes in the resistance of the pile, the bending moment, etc. by the slope of the pile and the relative density of the ground were analyzed. According to the results of the test, when the relative density of the ground was medium and high, the bearing capacity kept increasing when the angle of the pile moved from a vertical position to 20°, and then decreased gradually after 20°. The bending moment of the pile increased as the relative density of the ground and the batter angle of the pile increased. The position of the maximum bending moment came closer to the ground surface as the batter angle of the pile further increased, and it occurred at a point of 5.2~6.7 times the diameter of the pile from the ground surface.
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Wang, Cheng-Der, Ming-Tang Chen, and Tzen-Chin Lee. "Surface displacements due to batter piles driven in cross-anisotropic media." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 32, no. 2 (2008): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.612.

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Byeon, J. M., Gi Beop Nam, J. W. Kim, B. S. Kim, and Jung I. Song. "Surface Treatment Influence on the Mechanical Behavior of Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.122.

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In this study, Jute fibers reinforced polypropylene (JFRP) composites were manufactured by injection molding technique. Prior to fabrication of composites, fiber surface was treated by Alkali and Plasma for a rise in fibers properties. Furthermore, after the alkali treatment attempt plasma treatment for the fiber surface treatment to obtain a batter value. In order to improve the affinity and adhesion between fibers and thermoplastic matrices during manufacturing, Maleic anhydride (MA) as a coupling agent have been employed. Untreated and treated surfaces of jute fibers were characterized using SEM. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to evaluate the composite mechanical properties. Tensile test indicated that 3% of the alkali treatment and 2min plasma treatment fiber has highest tensile strength.
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Pycarelle, Sarah C., Geertrui M. Bosmans, Bram Pareyt, Kristof Brijs, and Jan A. Delcour. "The Role of Intact and Disintegrated Egg Yolk Low-Density Lipoproteins during Sponge Cake Making and Their Impact on Starch and Protein Mediated Structure Setting." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010107.

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The main sponge cake ingredients are flour, sucrose, eggs and leavening agents. Exogenous lipids (e.g., monoacylglycerols) are often used to increase air–liquid interface stability in the batter. There is a consumer trend to avoid foods containing such additives. We here reasoned that egg yolk may be an alternative source of surface-active lipids and set out to study the role of egg yolk lipids during sponge cake making. This was done by relocating or removing them prior to batter preparation using ethanol treatments and examining how this affects cake (batter) properties and structure setting during baking. Most egg yolk lipids occur within spherical low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) which were disintegrated by the ethanol treatments. Results showed that egg yolk lipids impact air–liquid interface stability and less so cake structure setting. To prepare high-quality sponge cakes by multistage mixing preferably intact LDLs or, alternatively, their components are needed to incorporate sufficient air during mixing and to stabilize it after mixing. It was also shown that the batter contains intact LDLs in the continuous phase and disintegrated LDLs at air–liquid interfaces. Sponge cake contains intact LDLs in the cake matrix, disintegrated LDLs at air–crumb interfaces and disintegrated LDLs incorporated into the protein network.
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SASAKI, Keiko, Yoko SHIMIYA, Keiko HATAE, and Atsuko SHIMADA. "Surface tension of baked food batter measured by the maximum bubble pressure method." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55, no. 5 (1991): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.55.1273.

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Sasaki, Keiko, Yoko Shimiya, Keiko Hatae, and Atsuko Shimada. "Surface Tension of Baked Food Batter Measured by the Maximum Bubble Pressure Method." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55, no. 5 (May 1991): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870774.

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Smítková, H., M. Marek, and J. Dobiáš. "Starch tray with addition of different components foamed by baking process." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 3 (May 22, 2013): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/241/2012-cjfs.

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The possibilities of improving starch/water batter foam properties by additions of inorganic and organic compounds, waste sawdust and waste paper pulp were investigated. The most suitable ratio between starch and water was set to 2:3. The best results were obtained when calcium stearate was added to the starch/water tray because it filled the matrix of the tray and improved the surface. The addition of calcium stearate and a low amount of waste paper pulp and/or waste sawdust also brought good results. Higher amounts of waste sawdust and calcium stearate did not produce the compact and smooth surface of starch trays. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol improved these parameters.  
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Han, Sang-Don, Bertrand J. Tremolet de Villers, Lydia Meyer, and Jason Morgan Porter. "In Situ Multi-Modal Approach for Electrode-Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistryand Electrode and Electrolyte Aging Behavior Studies." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023354mtgabs.

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Increasing demands for cost-effective electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage systems require advanced secondary batteries with higher energy density, longer lifetime, and enhanced safety. Increase of the battery operating voltage is one realistic strategy to extend the energy density, but it is accompanied by irreversible structural changes to the electrodes and parasitic reactions within an electrode-electrolyte interphase resulting in capacity fading and subsequent battery failure. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of underlying electrochemical mechanisms in the electrodes during battery cycling is critical for the development of next-generation secondary batteries. Based on our previous studies utilizing in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to monitor the evolution of the Si-electrolyte interphase1 and in situ ATR-FTIR to investigate the voltage dependent electrolyte solution structure changes at the interface, transition metal redox chemistry, and cathode/electrolyte interfacial layer evolution,2 recently we updated the in situATR-FTIR with a newly designed ‘full-cell’ that enables us to analyze the interfacial reactions and interactions on the surfaces of both electrodes that directly influence battery performance, lifetime, and safety. Specifically, we focus on transition metal complex formation and its effect on solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and evolution on the anode due to transition metal dissolution and crosstalk of Mn-rich cathodes at high voltages (≥4.4 V). In addition, using our multi-modal characterization—a combination of in situ gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and in situ ATR-FTIR—(electro)chemical degradation of the electrolyte is correlated with gas evolution in the battery. For example, GC-FID measures increasing amounts of ethylene gas until the end the first charging cycle of a LiNiO2//Graphite cell with Gen2 electrolyte (LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC):ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 3:7 wt.%). Concurrently, in situ ATR-FTIR shows decreasing concentration of EC solvent, as calculated from the FTIR intensity of EC vibrational absorption. Ethylene is a known by-product of ethylene carbonate electrochemical reduction and is produced during SEI formation.3 Quantifying multiphase reactions occurring during battery operation is critical to understanding and mitigating battery degradation pathways, and developing next-generation battery materials systems. References: Ha, B. J. Tremolet de Villers, Z. Li, Y. Xu, P. Stradins, A. Zakutayev, A. Burrell and S.-D. Han, “Probing the Evolution of Surface Chemistry at the Silicon-Electrolyte Interphase via In-situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy,” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 286-291. J. Tremolet de Villers, J. Yang, S.-M. Bak and S.-D. Han, “In Situ ATR-FTIR Study of Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase: Electrolyte Solution Structure, Transition Metal Redox, and Surface Layer Evolution,” Batter. Supercaps 2021, 4, 778-784. Han, C. Liao, F. Dogan, S. E. Trask, S. H. Lapidus, J. T. Vaughey and B. Key, “Using Mixed Salt Electrolytes to Stabilize Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries via in Situ Formation of Li–M–Si Ternaries (M = Mg, Zn, Al, Ca),” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 29780-29790.
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Sanchez, H. D., C. A. Osella, and M. A. de la Torre. "Use of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Gluten-Free Bread Fortified with Soy Flour and Dry Milk." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 1 (February 2004): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204042067.

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The percentages of soy flour (X1) and dry milk (X2) were varied for the production of gluten-free bread to optimize batter softness (Y1), specific volume (Y2), crumb grain score (Y3), bread score (Y4) and bread protein content (Y5). A central composite design was used and second-order models for Y1 were employed to generate response surfaces. When bread protein content was decreased from 10 to 3%, specific volume increased from 3.2 to 4.6 cm3/g and bread score increased too. Nevertheless, the highest crumb grain score was obtained at 7.3% of bread protein content. The results demonstrated that a gluten-free bread can be prepared by adding 7.5% soy flour and 7.8% dry milk to a previously developed formulation, increasing its protein content from 1 to 7.3% and modifying in a small degree, its sensory quality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Batter surface"

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Allen, Tristan. "Susceptibility of rehabilitated mine batter surface to mass movement." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/168528.

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The goal of the research is to quantify coal properties that may affect the processes and controls governing rehabilitated brown coal mine surface mass movements. The research investigates weathering of coal and assesses the difference in strength characteristics between fresh and weathered coal. In addition to quantifying the mechanical properties of coal surfaces in a rehabilitated slope, permeability changes due to weathering of coal are also investigated. Changes in coal strength influence sliding resistance. Changes in coal permeability impact pore pressures above the coal surface, which may also affect sliding resistance on the coal – cover interface. To assess these issues, direct and residual shear tests were used to investigate the changes in shear strength due to weathering at low normal stresses applicable to shallow cover materials. Testing was undertaken with abrasive surfaces to simulate sliding on the contact coal surface beneath cover materials assuming that the cover material is stronger than the coal. The roughness of the abrasive surface proved to be unimportant for large strain shear strength. The shear strength for coal with different weathering and normal effective stresses was examined. Coal cohesion was found to be low, but some rebinding of coal would occur with time. A coal residual friction angle of 39.1 and 37.0 degrees was found for the unsaturated and saturated tested coal respectively. Permeability tests using oxygenated water were undertaken to investigate changes to brown coal permeability as a result of weathering. Even with low levels of oxidation achievable with the permeability test apparatus, coal permeability dropped over time. While the magnitude of the reduction was not large for low oxidation magnitudes, the impact on permeability was demonstrated. A weathering index was developed as part of the study to provide a quantitative basis for assessing the weathered state of coal samples. The index employed changes to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra to define the state of weathering. To assess the rate and magnitude of weathering of coal through oxidation an autoclave was used to artificially weather brown coal. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography used to analyse the results. As for the permeability testing the autoclave experiments could not be run for sufficient time to progress to complete weathering by oxidation. Nevertheless the principles of the test and the equipment specifications were developed so that they could be used in future to complete the determination of weathering rates. The research has demonstrated the importance of understanding coal weathering at the upper boundary of a rehabilitated coal surface to the potential for cover mass movements due to sliding at the coal cover interface.
Masters by Research
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Davidson, Charles Nelson. "Surface action group defense model." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020023/.

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Arbeltier, Steven. "Optimisation de dépôts de LIPON par pulvérisation magnétron RadioFréquence pour la fabrication de micro-batteries. Modélisation de l'interaction plasma-surface." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS170/document.

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La miniaturisation des batteries est devenue un défi technologique pour certaines industries. Ces micro-batteries, d’une dizaine de micromètres d’épaisseur, ont pour objectif d’alimenter des systèmes de taille réduite. Le LIPON est un des électrolytes envisagés pour leur fabrication. Il est déposé en couche-mince par pulvérisation magnétron radiofréquence de Li₃PO₄ sous plasma d’azote. Cette thèse étudie le comportement des particules au sein du plasma et formant le dépôt. Des mesures expérimentales d’émission optique et de densité électronique ont été mises en place, afin de fournir des données d’entrée et de validation pour différents modèles numériques. Le premier modèle décrit la cinétique réactionnelle au coeur du plasma, en 0D, afin d’identifier les espèces chimiques majoritaires et les réactions dominantes. Ceci a permis de concevoir une cinétique simplifiée pour le second modèle, 2D, traitant le déplacement des espèces chargées dans le plasma et permettant de caractériser la pulvérisation de la cible par les ions, tant au niveau des zones de pulvérisation de leur énergie et angle d’incidence. Les résultats obtenus ont été employés dans un modèle 3D simulant les trajectoires des atomes pulvérisés, afin d’étudier la répartition atomique sur le substrat et de déduire la composition de la couche mince déposée. Des caractéristiques propres à la cible lors de la pulvérisation ont été mises en évidence et confirmées par la comparaison entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux
The scale reduction of batteries is a real technological challenge for the near future. These micro-batteries, about ten micrometers thick, are used to supply the power for small sized systems. LIPON is one of the most suitable electrolytes considered for industrial scale production. It is deposited in thin-film by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering of Li₃PO₄ in nitrogen plasma. This thesis is focused on particles behavior in plasma and during deposition. Optical emission spectroscopy and electron density measurements have been performed, to provide data used as input or validation for several numerical models. The first model describes plasma kinetics in the magnetron reactor, as 0D global model, and helps to identify the main chemical species and important reactions. This information has been useful to define a simplified kinetics for the second model, 2D, dealing with the charged species behavior in the plasma and describing target sputtering by ion bombardment. It provides the sputtered areas, ion energy and impinging angle onto the target. These obtained results have been employed in a 3D model that simulates sputtered atoms transport from the target to the substrate and predicting the thin-film features. Some characteristics of the target during sputtering have been highlighted and confirmed by the direct comparison between numerical and experimental results
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Charles-Blin, Youn. "Technologie de protection active des électrodes par fluoration de surface." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS068.

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Un changement de cap vers les technologies vertes est impulsé par les instances dirigeantes Européennes, désormais d’importants efforts sont engagés pour réduire notre empreinte carbone d’au moins 40% d’ici à 2030. Le développement de batteries sûres, présentant de meilleures densités d’énergie s’inscrit dans cette démarche. Ces technologies sont incontournables pour la croissance du secteur des transports électriques et des réseaux électriques intelligents. Pour répondre à la demande, de nouveaux matériaux doivent être développés et les matériaux existants doivent être améliorés pour atteindre de meilleures capacités de stockage et de plus hauts potentiels de travail. La recherche prospecte de nouveaux matériaux d’électrodes, de nouveaux électrolytes, mais aussi de nouvelles stratégies pour protéger les interfaces électrodes/électrolyte au cœur des batteries. En effet, dans les batteries secondaires, les interfaces électrodes/électrolyte jouent un rôle déterminant dans les performances électrochimiques et les durées de vie. Les électrolytes liquides organiques subissent des dégradations dans les fenêtres de potentiels appliqués conduisant à la formation d’une couche à la surface des électrodes négatives appelée « Solid Electrolyte Interphase » (SEI). La formation de cette interface amène une problématique à double tranchant : la SEI diminue l’efficacité coulombique et provoque des pertes de capacité irréversibles, mais elle permet également la passivation de l’électrode et prévient les mécanismes de vieillissements. Sachant cela, toute modification de la SEI se révèle délicate puisque l’équilibre entre les aspects positifs et négatifs peut être perdu. Par la chimisorption d’une fine couche fluorée à la surface des matériaux d’anode, nous sommes parvenus à améliorer le pouvoir passivant de la SEI à la surface de matériaux TiO2 et Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), conduisant à l’amélioration des comportements électrochimiques. Nous avons déterminé que de faibles quantités de fluor à la surface des matériaux actifs peuvent suffire à apporter de nombreuses améliorations. De plus, nous avons démontré que la fluoration est également bénéfique pour les matériaux d’électrodes positives tels que LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA). En effet, le matériau NCA souffre d’instabilités structurales en surface qui entrainent des dégradations des capacités. Des comportements électrochimiques améliorés ont été observés pour des électrodes NCA fluorées, la fluoration permettant une stabilisation de la structure de surface du NCA.Nous avons prospecté l’influence de la fluoration de surface des matériaux actifs aux interfaces avec l’électrolyte, au moyen d’une approche multiéchelle. La nature chimique de la couche fluorée en surface des matériaux d’électrodes positives et négatives a été décrite par XPS, tout comme la distribution spatiale 2D du fluor par les techniques AES et SAM. Les propriétés du cœur et de la sous-surface des LTO-F ont été caractérisées par le couplage de la DRX, du Raman et de la RMN 19F du solide, aucune modification structurelle induite par la fluoration n’a été observée. L’influence de la fluoration de surface sur les performances électrochimiques a été évaluée par le couplage de cyclages galvanostatiques et d’analyses XPS et AES effectuées sur des électrodes ayant cyclées. Les LTO-F montrent une nouvelle réactivité vis-à-vis de l’électrolyte, conduisant à la formation d’une SEI plus fine et plus stable. Enfin, la génération des gaz par les électrodes LTO fluorés a été caractérisée par la GC-MS. Nous avons démontré que la formation de CO2 est réduite par la fluoration de surface. Dans l’ensemble, la stratégie déployée dans cette étude, allant de la synthèse à une caractérisation multiéchelle rigoureuse, propose de nouvelles solutions pour améliorer à la fois la stabilité de la SEI en surface d’électrodes négatives et la stabilité structurale de surface de matériaux d’électrodes positives, pour des batteries Li-ion de plus haute performance
A shift toward greener technologies has been impulsed by the European authorities and tremendous efforts are now engaged to drastically reduce our carbon footprint, by at least for 40 percent by 2030. The development of safe batteries with higher energy density is part of this shift, since this technology is critical for the commercialization and for the rise of electrical mobility and smart energy grid deployment. To do so, new materials need to be developed or existing materials need to be improved to reach higher specific capacities and working electrochemical potentials. The research prospects new electrode materials, new electrolytes and new ways to protect the electrode/electrolyte interphase within the batteries. Indeed, in secondary batteries, the anode/electrolyte interphase plays a key role in the electrochemical performances and life span. Since the classically used liquid organic electrolytes are not stable in the totality of the working potential window of Li-ion batteries, they undergo degradation on cycling of the battery, hence a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is formed. This interphase passivates the negative electrodes from the electrolyte and prevents further aging processes, however as this passivation continues in cycling, it also lowers the coulombic efficiency and causes irreversible capacity loss. Knowing this, any modification of the SEI should be performed with parsimony as it could break the balance between the positive and negative aspect for the SEI. By synthetizing a chemisorbed thin fluorinated layer upon anode material, we managed to improve the passivating power of the SEI on TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance. We also determine that very low quantities of fluorine on the active electrode material surface leads to several beneficial effects. We demonstrated that the fluorination brings as well enhancement for positive electrode materials, such as LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA). Indeed, NCA and NMC suffer structural surface instability, leading to self-heating and loss of performance. Improved cyclability is observed for fluorinated NCA electrodes as the fluorination stabilizes the surface structure.Surface fluorination was carried by a process using XeF2, for the first time applied to electrode materials. We aimed to prospect the influence of the surface fluorination on different aspect of a Li-ion battery, from the active material to the electrolyte interphase, thanks to a multi-scale probing approach. The chemical nature of the surface layer on negative and positive electrode materials was described by the mean of the XPS, as well as the fluorine distribution on the surface with both AES and SAM. The bulk and sub-surface properties of fluorinated LTO (LTO-F) were also investigated by coupling XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and NMR 19F, showing no modifications of the crystallographic structure. The influence of the surface fluorination on the electrochemical performance was investigated by galvanostatic cycling and by coupling XPS and SAM on cycled electrodes. We paid a specific attention to the impact of the fluorination on the SEI thickness and stability in charge and discharge. Indeed, LTO-F exhibits a new reactivity toward the electrolyte, leading to a thinner and stabilized SEI. Finally, the gas generation of the LTO-F electrodes has been investigated by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), as gassing is known to be a roadblock to the commercialization of LTO. We demonstrated that the CO2 outgassing is reduced by the surface fluorination. Overall, the strategy implemented in this work, from synthesis to thorough characterization, offer new solutions to improve both SEI formed on negative electrode material as well as surface structural stability of positive electrode material, leading to improved Li-ion batteries
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Roland, Aude. "Nanostructuration et contrôle de l'interface électrode/électrolyte appliqués à des électrodes de silicium pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS128.

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Le silicium est l’un des matériaux les plus prometteurs comme matériau actif d’électrode négative pour la prochaine génération de batteries lithium-ions (LiB). En effet, il possède une capacité spécifique 10 fois supérieure à celle du graphite actuellement commercialisé dans les batteries. Son bas potentiel de travail permet d’atteindre une forte densité d’énergie tout en limitant le risque de croissance dendritique responsable des emballements thermiques. Malgré ses avantages, ses limites intrinsèques telles que sa faible conductivité électronique et ionique et l’expansion volumique importante induite par la formation d’alliages lithiés repoussent toujours son incorporation dans les batteries commerciales. En effet, cette expansion volumique du matériau, entraîne la pulvérisation de l’électrode, isolant électriquement la matière active qui est à l’origine d’une faible rétention de capacité en cyclage. La pulvérisation du matériau actif induit également la formation de nouvelles interfaces avec l’électrolyte induisant une formation accrue de SEI, très pénalisante pour les performances. Dans ces travaux, la nanostructuration du silicium est proposée pour limiter la pulvérisation. Différentes nanostructures ont été étudiées telles que les nanoplots, les nanoparticules et les matériaux nanoporeux de silicium. Les nanoplots ont été étudiés sous forme d‘électrodes sur puce, l’optimisation de leur synthèse ainsi que les premiers tests électrochimiques en batterie ont été réalisés. Les électrodes de silicium poreux ont été préparées par gravure électrochimique d’un wafer de Si, puis étudiées sous forme d’électrodes composites en batterie. L’étude des nanoparticules a permis d’optimiser la formulation d’électrode et les conditions générales de test. Ces paramètres ont été appliqués aux électrodes à base de Si poreux pour étudier l’impact des propriétés morphologiques (modifiables par traitement thermique) sur les performances du Si en batterie Li-ion. L’étude s’est ensuite tournée vers l’interface électrode/électrolyte. Pour ce faire, la surface du Si a été modifiée par différents enrobages de carbone (carbone amorphe, graphene-like, Pitch). Après la comparaison des tests électrochimiques de l’ensemble de ces électrodes, l’étude s’est portée sur la nature et l’évolution en cyclage de la composition de la SEI de ces électrodes composites à base de Si modifié en surface. De la même manière une étude complète de l’impact du pH de formulation sur les performances a été réalisée
Silicon is one of the most promising active material for the next generation lithium-ion batteries (LiB) negative electrode. Indeed, it exhibits a 10 times higher specific capacity than graphite currently commercialized in batteries. Its low working potential achieves high energy density while limiting the dendrite growth responsible for thermal runaway. Despite its advantages, its intrinsic limits such as low electronic and ionic conductivities and the large volume expansion induced by the formation of the lithiated phases still avoid its incorporation into commercial batteries. Indeed, this active material expansion causes the electrode pulverization, leading to active material electrical isolation and so a low capacity retention in cycling. The active material spraying also induces new interfaces formation in contact with the electrolyte, which induces SEI formation and limited performance. In these work, silicon nanostructuring is proposed to limit active material spraying. Different nanostructures have been studied such as nanowires, nanoparticles and nanoporous silicon materials. On-chip nanowires have been studied, their elaboration method was optimized and their battery performance were tested. Porous silicon electrodes were prepared by electrochemical etching of a Si wafer and studied in composite electrodes. The nanoparticles study, were used to optimize the electrode formulation and the general testing conditions. These parameters were then applied to study the morphological properties (modulated by heat treatment) impact on porous Si-based electrodes performance in Li-ion battery. Afterward, the study focused on the electrode / electrolyte interface, the Si surface was modified by different carbon coatings (amorphous carbon, graphene-like, pitch). The electrochemical performance of these electrodes were compared. The SEI composition and its evolution in cycling was followed. Additionally, a complete study of the pH of the aqueous formulated electrode on the performance of that one was carried out
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Nordh, Tim. "Lithium titanate as anode material in lithium-ion batteries : -A surface study." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267567.

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The ever increasing awareness of the environment and sustainability drives research to find new solutions in every part of society. In the transport sector, this has led to a goal of replacing the internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electrical engine that can be powered by renewable electricity. As a battery for vehicles, the Li-ion chemistries have become dominant due to their superior volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. While promising, electric vehicles require further improvements in terms of capacity and power output before they can truly replace their ICE counterparts. Another aspect is the CO2 emissions over lifetime, since the electric vehicle itself presently outlives its battery, making battery replacement necessary. If the lifetime of the battery could be increased, the life-cycle emissions would be significantly lowered, making the electric vehicle an even more suitable candidate for a sustainable society. In this context, lithium titanium oxide (LTO) has been suggested as a new anode material in heavy electric vehicles applications due to intrinsic properties regarding safety, lifetime and availability. The LTO battery chemistry is, however, not fully understood and fundamental research is necessary for future improvements. The scope of this project is to investigate degradation mechanisms in LTO-based batteries to be able to mitigate these and prolong the device lifetime so that, in the end, a suitable chemistry for large scale applications can be suggested. The work presented in this licentiate thesis is focused on the LTO electrode/electrolyte interface. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) was applied to determine whether the usage of LTO would prevent anode-side electrolyte decomposition, as suggested from the intercalation potential being inside the electrochemical stability window of common electrolytes. It has been found that electrolyte decomposition indeed occurs, with mostly hydrocarbons of ethers, carboxylates, and some inorganic lithium fluoride as decomposition products, and that this decomposition to some extent ensued irrespective of electrochemical battery operation activity. Second, an investigation into how crossover of manganese ions from Mn-based cathodes influences this interfacial layer has been conducted. It was found, using a combination of high-energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) that although manganese is present on the LTO anode surface when paired with a common manganese oxide spinel cathode, the manganese does little to alter the surface chemistry of the LTO electrode.
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Younesi, Reza. "Characterization of Reaction Products in the Li-O2 Battery Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183887.

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The rechargeable Li-O2 battery has attracted interest due to its high theoretical energy density (about 10 times better than today’s Li-ion batteries). In this PhD thesis the cycling instability of the Li-O2 battery has been studied. Degradation of the battery has been followed by studying the interface between the electrodes and electrolyte and determining the chemical composition and quantity of degradation products formed after varied cycling conditions. For this in-house and synchrotron based Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) were used as a powerful surface sensitive technique. Using these methods quantitative and qualitative information was obtained of both amorphous and crystalline compounds. To make the most realistic studies the carbon cathode pore structure was optimised by varying the binder to carbon ratio. This was shown to have an effect on improving the discharge capacity. For Li-O2 batteries electrolyte decomposition is a major challenge. The stability of different electrolyte solvents and salts were investigated. Aprotic carbonate and ether based solvents such as PC, EC/DEC, TEGDME, and PEGDME were found to decompose during electrochemical cycling of the cells. The carbonate based electrolytes decompose to form a 5-10 nm thick surface layer on the carbon cathode during discharge which was then removed during battery charging. The degradation products of the ether based electrolytes consisted mainly of ether and carbonate based surface species. It is also shown that Li2O2 as the final discharge product of the cell is chemically reactive and decomposes carbonate and ether based solvents. The stability of lithium electrolyte salts (such as LiPF6, LiBF4, LiB(CN)4, LiBOB, and LiClO4) was also studied. The PES results revealed that all salts are unstable during the cell cycling and in contact with Li2O2. Decomposition layers thinner than 5 nm were observed on Li2O2. Furthermore, it is shown that the stability of the interface on the lithium anode is a chief issue. When compared to Li batteries (where oxygen levels are below 10 ppm) working in the presence of excess oxygen leads to the decomposition of carbonate based electrolytes to a larger degree.
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Azmi, Raheleh [Verfasser], and M. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann. "Oberflächenanalytische Ansätze zur zuverlässigen Charakterisierung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterie-Elektroden = Surface Analytical Approaches to Reliably Characterize Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes / Raheleh Azmi ; Betreuer: M. J. Hoffmann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170230563/34.

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Nordh, Tim. "A Quest for the Unseen : Surface Layer Formation on Li4Ti5O12 Li-Ion Battery Anodes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331349.

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The electric vehicle itself today outlives its battery, necessitating battery replacement. Lithium titanium oxide (LTO) has, in this context, been suggested as a new anode material in heavy electric vehicle applications due to intrinsic properties regarding safety, lifetime and availability. The work presented here is focused on the LTO electrode/electrolyte interface. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has been applied to determine how and if the usage of LTO could prevent extensive anode-side electrolyte decomposition and build-up of a surface layer. The presence of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) comprising LiF, carbonates and ether compounds was found in half-cells utilizing a standard ethylene:diethylcarbonate electrolyte with 1 M LiPF6. Via testing of symmetrical LTO-LTO cells, the stability of the formed SEI was put in to question. Moreover, the traditional polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) binder was replaced by more environmentally benign carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrilic acid (PAA) binders in LTO electrodes, and it was found that CMC helped to form a more stable surface-layer that proved beneficial for long term cycling. Following the half-cell studies, full-cells were investigated to observe how different cathodes influence the SEI of LTO. The SEI in full-cells displayed characteristics similar to the half-cells, however, when utilizing a high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, more electrolyte decomposition could be observed. Increasing the operational temperature of this battery cell generated even more degradation products on the LTO electrodes. Mn was also found on the anode when using Mn-based cathodes, however, it was found in its ionic state and did not significantly affect the composition or behavior of the observed SEI layer. Furthermore, by exchanging the electrolyte solvent for propylene carbonate, the thickness of the SEI increased, and by replacing the LiPF6 salt for LiBF4 the stability of the SEI improved. Thus is it demonstrated that such a passivation can be beneficial for the long-term surface stability of the electrode. These findings can therefore help prolong the lifetime of LTO-based battery chemistries.
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Dalverny, Anne-Laure. "Étude théorique des phénomènes électrochimiques de surfaces et d'interfaces dans les matériaux d'électrodes pour batterie Li-ion." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20100/document.

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Les nombreuses problématiques soulevées par la nanostructuration des électrodes pour batteries Li-Ion nécessitent de nouveaux développements théoriques. Ce travail propose une nouvelle méthodologie basée sur des calculs de type premiers principes (DFT) et prenant en compte explicitement les phénomènes électrochimiques à l'échelle du matériau massif, de ses surfaces et de ses interfaces. Développée dans le cadre des réactions de conversion, en particulier celle de l'oxyde de cobalt CoO + 2 Li → Co + Li2O, cette méthodologie, simple et généralisable à tout type de réaction polyphasée, permet de dégager les facteurs mécaniques, chimiques et électriques responsables des phénomènes électrochimiques aux interfaces et d'interpréter les mécanismes réactionnels observés expérimentalement
The numerous questions arising from the nanostructuration of Li-ion batteries require new developments in theoretical methods. This work proposes a new methodology based on first principles calculations (DFT) andallows explicit treatment of the electrochemical phenomena at the bulk compound level, and also at the surface and interface level.Developed in the context of the conversion reactions, in particular the conversion of the cobalt oxide CoO + 2 Li → Co + Li2O, this simple methodology can be extended to any polyphasic reaction. It sheds light on the mechanical, chemical and electrical factors responsible for the electrochemical phenomena at the interfaces and allows the interpretation of the mechanisms that are experimentally observed
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Books on the topic "Batter surface"

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Hollinger, Kristy. Nike Hercules operations in Alaska, 1959-1979. Alaska]: U.S. Army Garrison Alaska, 2004.

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Faulkner, Marcus, and Christopher M. Bell, eds. Decision in the Atlantic. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9781949668001.001.0001.

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The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest campaign of the Second World War. This volume highlights the scale and complexity of this bitterly contested campaign, one that encompassed far more than just attacks by German U-boats on Allied shipping. The team of leading scholars assembled here situate the German assault on seaborne trade within the wider Allied war effort and provide a new understanding of its place within the Second World War. Individual chapters offer original perspectives on a range of neglected or previously-overlooked subjects: how Allied grand strategy shaped the war at sea; the choices and tensions facing Churchill and other Allied leaders over the allocation of scarce resources between theaters; how the battle spread beyond the Atlantic Ocean in both military and economic terms; the management of Britain's merchant shipping repair yards; the defense of British coastal waters against German surface raiders; the contribution of air power to trade defense; anti-submarine escort training; the role of special intelligence; and the war against the U-boats in the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.
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Rebeggiani, Stefano. The Gauls on the Capitol. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190251819.003.0007.

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In this chapter, the author considers the story of the Gallic sack in 390 BCE as a typical example of a Roman narrative of crisis and survival. This story was repeatedly evoked by spectators of the civil conflict of 69 CE and was exploited by the Flavian entourage to frame Vitellius’ descent into Italy. In particular, Domitian seems to have relied on this episode to mythologize his own participation in the battle of the Capitoline against Vitellius in 69 CE. The author shows that many elements attached to this narrative (especially the topic of self-sacrifice) surface in Statius’ narrative of the siege of Thebes in book 10 and that Statius interacts with Domitian’s attempts at styling himself as the savior of Rome.
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Goan, Melanie Beals. A Simple Justice. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180175.001.0001.

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When the Declaration of Independence was signed by a group of wealthy white men in 1776, poor white men, African Americans, and women quickly discovered that the unalienable rights it promised were not truly for all. The Nineteenth Amendment eventually gave women the right to vote in 1920, but the change was not welcomed by people of all genders in politically and religiously conservative Kentucky. As a result, the suffrage movement in the Commonwealth involved a tangled web of stakeholders, entrenched interest groups, unyielding constitutional barriers, and activists with competing strategies. In A Simple Justice, Melanie Beals Goan offers a new and deeper understanding of the women's suffrage movement in Kentucky by following the people who labored long and hard to see the battle won. Women's suffrage was not simply a question of whether women could and should vote; it carried more serious implications for white supremacy and for the balance of federal and state powers -- especially in a border state. Shocking racial hostility surfaced even as activists attempted to make America more equitable. Goan looks beyond iconic women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to reveal figures whose names have been lost to history. Laura Clay and Madeline McDowell Breckinridge led the Kentucky movement, but they did not do it alone. This timely study introduces readers to individuals across the Bluegrass State who did their part to move the nation closer to achieving its founding ideals.
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Book chapters on the topic "Batter surface"

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Cheng, Yang-Tse, Mark W. Verbrugge, and Rutooj Deshpande. "Understanding Diffusion-Induced-Stresses in Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes." In IUTAM Symposium on Surface Effects in the Mechanics of Nanomaterials and Heterostructures, 203–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4911-5_18.

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Yang, Chuan-zheng, Yuwan Lou, Jian Zhang, Xiaohua Xie, and Baojia Xia. "Solid Electrolyte Interface Film on Graphite Surface of Li-Ion Battery." In Materials and Working Mechanisms of Secondary Batteries, 207–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5955-4_9.

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Tete, Pranjali, Puneet Kedar, Mahendra Gupta, and Sandeep Joshi. "Numerical Simulation of a Finned-Surface Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System." In Smart Technologies for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Vol 1, 811–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6875-3_64.

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Wang, Ying Jane, and Jianqing Zhao. "Ultrathin Surface Coatings for Enhanced Cycleability of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes at Elevated Temperature." In TMS2013 Supplemental Proceedings, 789–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663547.ch98.

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Kozyr, Polina, Yuliya Vasunina, and Anton Saveliev. "Algorithm for Replacing the Battery of a Robotic Tool Using Servicing Mobile Robots on Inhomogeneous Surfaces." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 269–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23609-9_24.

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Chan, Hong Wei, Jenq Gong Duh, and Shyang Roeng Sheen. "Surface Treatment of the Lithium Boron Oxide Coated LiMn2O4 Cathode Material in Li-Ion Battery." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 671–76. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.671.

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Conti, Mauro, Denis Donadel, Radha Poovendran, and Federico Turrin. "EVExchange: A Relay Attack on Electric Vehicle Charging System." In Computer Security – ESORICS 2022, 488–508. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24.

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AbstractTo support the increasing spread of Electric Vehicles (EVs), Charging Stations (CSs) are being installed worldwide. The new generation of CSs employs the Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) paradigm by implementing novel standards such as the ISO 15118. This standard enables high-level communication between the vehicle and the charging column, helps manage the charge smartly, and simplifies the payment phase. This novel charging paradigm, which connects the Smart Grid to external networks (e.g., EVs and CSs), has not been thoroughly examined yet. Therefore, it may lead to dangerous vulnerability surfaces and new research challenges.In this paper, we present EVExchange, the first attack to steal energy during a charging session in a V2G communication: i.e., charging the attacker’s car while letting the victim pay for it. Furthermore, if reverse charging flow is enabled, the attacker can even sell the energy available on the victim’s car! Thus, getting the economic profit of this selling, and leaving the victim with a completely discharged battery. We developed a virtual and a physical testbed in which we validate the attack and prove its effectiveness in stealing the energy. To prevent the attack, we propose a lightweight modification of the ISO 15118 protocol to include a distance bounding algorithm. Finally, we validated the countermeasure on our testbeds. Our results show that the proposed countermeasure can identify all the relay attack attempts while being transparent to the user.
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Zhen, Yihan, and Yongdan Li. "Redox flow battery." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 385–413. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64337-7.00020-3.

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HAN, JINDUO, YAN JING, YONGZHONG JIA, SHAN JIN, and TAIYUAN QI. "SURFACE MODIFIED CATHODE MATERIALS FOR -ION BATTERY BY23." In Solid State Ionics, 569–74. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702586_0062.

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"NanoDielectrics Surfaces and Barriers." In Design and Investment of High Voltage NanoDielectrics, 297–322. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3829-6.ch009.

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This chapter describes the nanodielectrics surfaces and barriers. Thermal interface materials (TIM) used for industrial applications have been mentioned. Wetting nanodielectrics surfaces, packaging, and battery applications have been chosen to present the effect of nanotechnology on industrial applications. This chapter draws attention on the suggested investment procedures for industrial insulation materials in the future.
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Conference papers on the topic "Batter surface"

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Kelleher, Stephen, Wayne Saunders, and William Fielding. "Solubilized Proteins as a Fat Block in Production." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xfuv8295.

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Fried foods are ubiquitous around the world with an estimated 83 billion pounds consumed in the Unites States and at least twice that value across the rest of the world. In application testing, solutions of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins at acidic pH from varying animal muscles have been shown to reduce fat and increase moisture in battered and breaded products when topically applied to the substrates just prior to deep fat frying. As an example, a previous benchtop result found a 17.7% reduction in fat and a 15.0% increase in moisture when chicken protein was applied to a battered and breaded four (4) oz chicken patty. Advancing the process from benchtop, full plant trials were performed at a run rate of 4500 lbs/hr with a two-pass batter/breading sequence. One full shift of approximately 40,000 lbs was run. A topical chicken protein solution with a 4.5% application rate resulted in a significant fat reduction of 33.64%, with a 9.61% increase in moisture on fully cooked tenders. Protein treated chicken boneless wings had 27.52% less fat and 8.22% increased moisture, compared to untreated controls. Piece count method estimation resulted in a minimum 7.32% yield increase for treated product. Improved coating adherence resulted in substantially less coating filtration. Free fatty acid values ranged from 0.02% (oleic) at the beginning of the trial with fresh oil to 0.07% after 4 hours of frying. One possible theory to explain efficacy is the protein created a micro barrier on the substrate’s surface, preventing moisture escape and oil absorption. Using solubilized muscle proteins as a topical spray suggests a method to lower production costs and improve nutrition.
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Taebi, Amirtaha, Fardin Khalili, and Amirtaher Taebi. "Buckling Analysis of a Functionally Graded Implant Model for Treatment of Bone Fractures: A Numerical Study." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71066.

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In orthopedics, the current internal fixations often use screws or intramedullary rods that obstruct bone material. In this paper, an internal implant was modelled as a hollow cylindrical sector made of a functionally graded material (FGM), which will hold bone in place with less obstruction of bone surface. Functionally graded implant was considered as an inhomogeneous composite structure, with continuously compositional variation from a ceramic at the outer diameter to a metal at the inner diameter. The buckling behavior of the implant was numerically analyzed using a finite element analysis software (ANSYS), and the structural stability of the implant was assessed. The buckling critical loads were calculated for different fixation lengths, cross sectional areas, and different sector angles. These critical loads were then compared with the critical loads of an FGM hollow cylinder with the same cross sectional area. Results showed that the critical load of the hollow cylindrical sector was ∼ 63%, ∼ 70%, and ∼ 73% of the hollow cylinder for different fixation lengths, cross sectional areas, and sector angles, respectively. Further investigations are warranted to study the relation between the composition profile and the implant stability, which can lead to batter internal fixation solutions.
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Nelson, George J. "Performance Impacts of Tailored Surface Geometry in Li-Ion Battery Cathodes." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65230.

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Analytical models developed to investigate charge transfer in Li-ion battery cathodes reveal distinct transport regimes where performance may be limited by either microstructural surface characteristics or solid phase geometry. For several cathode materials, particularly those employing conductive additives, surface characteristics are expected to drive these performance limitations. For such electrodes gains in performance may be achieved by modifying surface geometry to increase surface area. However, added surface area may present a diminishing return if complex structures restrict access to electrochemically active interfaces. A series of parametric studies has been performed to better ascertain the merits of complex, tailored surfaces in Li-ion battery cathodes. The interaction between lithium transport and surface geometry is explored using a finite element model in which complex surfaces are simulated with fractal structures. Analysis of transport in these controlled structures permits assessment of scaling behavior related to surface complexity and provides insight into trade-offs in tailoring particle surface geometry.
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Bhalerao, Mihir, and Darshak Parikh. "Pass-by Noise Generating System in Battery Electric Vehicle." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0432.

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Buonomo, Bernardo, Oronzio Manca, Ferdinando Menale, Francesco Moriello, and Simone Mancin. "A Numerical Study on the Thermal Control of Lithium Batteries by Composite Phase Change Materials and Metal Foams." In ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-63893.

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Abstract This study attempts to control the temperature peaks due to the operation of the battery itself by examining a two-dimensional model to numerically investigate the thermal control of a lithium battery of a commercial electric car. The battery has the dimensions of 8 cm × 31 cm × 67 cm and its capacity is equal to 232 Ah with 5.3 kWh. Thermal control is achieved by means of an internal layer of copper or aluminum foam and phase change material (paraffin), placed on the top of the battery and the external surfaces are cooled by a convective flow. The governing equations, written assuming the local thermal equilibrium for the metal foam, are solved with the finite volume method using the commercial code Ansys-Fluent. Different cases are simulated for different thicknesses of the thermal control system and external convective heat transfer coefficient. The results are given in terms of temperature fields, liquid fraction, surface temperature profiles as a function of time and temperature distributions along the outer surface of the battery for the different cases. In addition, some comparisons with pure PCM are provided to show the advantages of the composite thermal control system with PCM inside the metal foam.
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Kumar, Pradeep, Balakumar Balasingam, Gary Rankin, and Krishna R. Pattipati. "Battery Thermal Model Identification And Surface Temperature Prediction." In IECON 2021 - 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589908.

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Yeow, Kim, Ho Teng, Marina Thelliez, and Eugene Tan. "Comparative Study on Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Battery Systems With Indirect Air Cooling and Indirect Liquid Cooling." In ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7196.

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A comparative study is conducted on the thermal behavior of three Li-ion battery modules with two cooled indirectly with air and one cooled indirectly with liquid. All three battery modules are stacked with the same twelve 8Ahr high-power pouch Li-ion battery cells. Heat generated from the cells is dissipated through 1-mm thick aluminum cooling plates sandwiched between two cells in the module. Each of the cooling plates has an extended surface for heat dissipation. The battery heat is dissipated through the cooling fins exposed in air flow channels in the case of air cooling, and through the extended cooling plate surfaces that are in contact with a liquid-cooled cold plate in the case of liquid cooling. The cell temperatures are analyzed using a simplified Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model for battery cooling. Simulation results show that with air cooling channels structured similar to that of compact heat exchangers, the air utilization and effectiveness of air cooling can be improved significantly. With proper design of the air cooling channels (i.e. with fin inserts in the air flow channels), indirect air cooling could reach a cooling condition comparable to that of indirect liquid cooling and obtain a higher gravimetric energy density with the same cooling-related parasitic volume in the battery system as long as the cell heat rejection is < 10 W/cell.
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Bhaskar, Pavan Bharadwaja, Sandip Deshmukh, Prashanth Khannan, and Amjad Shaik. "Recent Trends on Drivetrain Control Strategies and Battery Parameters of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-28-0155.

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Selvan, V. Arul Mozhi, Palanisamy S, Guna Sundhar S, Ilakiya MP, and Preetha B. "Investigation on Li-ion Battery Pack Topologies for Optimum Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-28-0498.

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Shaik, Ameer Malik, Rajesh Kumar J, and Hafeezur Rahman. "Mobility Performance Prediction Model for Main Battle Tanks." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0355.

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Reports on the topic "Batter surface"

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Acosta Perez, Lina. Development of electronically passivating surfaces to enhance battery performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1821259.

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Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022007.

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Electric road systems (ERS) enable dynamic charging—the most energy efficient and economical way to decarbonize road vehicles. ERS draw electrical power directly from the grid and enable vehicles with small batteries to operate without the need to stop for charging. The three main technologies (i.e., overhead catenary lines, road-bound conductive tracks, and inductive wireless systems in the road surface) are all technically proven; however, no highway system has been commercialized. Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging discusses the technical and economic advantages of dynamic charging and questions the current investment in battery-powered and hydrogen-fueled vehicles.
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Tachikawa, Hiroyasu. In situ Raman spectroscopy of lithium electrode surface in ambient temperature lithium secondary battery. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160397.

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Bell, Nelson Simmons, Nancy A. Missert, Kevin Leung, Susan L. Rempe, David R. Rogers, Mani Nagasubramanian, Karen Lozano, and Yatinkumar Rane. Surface engineering of electrospun fibers to optimize ion and electron transport in Li%2B battery cathodes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055879.

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Berney, Ernest, Jami Lynn Daugherty, and Lulu Edwards. Validation of the automatic dynamic cone penetrometer. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44704.

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The U.S. military requires a rapid means of measuring subsurface soil strength for construction and repair of expeditionary pavement surfaces. Traditionally, a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) has served this purpose, providing strength with depth profiles in natural and prepared pavement surfaces. To improve upon this device, the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) validated a new battery-powered automatic dynamic cone penetrometer (A-DCP) apparatus that automates the driving process by using a motor-driven hammering cap placed on top of a traditional DCP rod. The device improves upon a traditional DCP by applying three to four blows per second while digitally recording depth, blow count, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). An integrated Global Positioning Sensor (GPS) and Bluetooth® connection allow for real-time data capture and stationing. Similarities were illustrated between the DCP and the A-DCP by generation of a new A-DCP calibration curve. This curve relates penetration rate to field CBR that nearly follows the DCP calibration with the exception of a slight offset. Field testing of the A-DCP showed less variability and more consistent strength measurement with depth at a speed five times greater than that of the DCP with minimal physical exertion by the operator.
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Evaluation of nonproduction area air and surface lead levels, employee blood lead levels, and psychosocial factors at a battery manufacturing plant. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201302263314.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Batter surface' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
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