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Journal articles on the topic 'Batterie aluminium air'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Okobira, Tatsuya, Dang-Trang Nguyen, and Kozo Taguchi. "Effectiveness of doping zinc to the aluminum anode on aluminum-air battery performance." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209307.

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Many efforts have been devoted to the improvement of metal-air batteries. Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and has high electrochemical potential. Therefore, the aluminum-air battery is one of the most attractive metal-air batteries. To overcome some disadvantages of the aluminum-air battery, some alloys of aluminum and several metals have been proposed. In this study, the performance improvement of the aluminum-air battery by doping zinc (Zn) to the aluminum anode was investigated. Zinc was doped to aluminum by a simple process. The difference in the characteristics of Zn-doped Al due to different heating temperature during the doping process was also investigated. The maximum power density of the battery was 2.5 mW/cm2.

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2

Hopkins, Brandon J., Yang Shao-Horn, and Douglas P. Hart. "Suppressing corrosion in primary aluminum–air batteries via oil displacement." Science 362, no. 6415 (November 8, 2018): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat9149.

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Primary aluminum–air batteries boast high theoretical energy densities, but negative electrode corrosion irreversibly limits their shelf life. Most corrosion mitigation methods are insufficient or compromise power and energy density. We suppressed open-circuit corrosion by displacing electrolyte from the electrode surface with a nonconducting oil during battery standby. High power and energy density are enabled by displacing the oil with electrolyte for battery discharge. The underwater-oleophobic wetting properties of the designed cell surfaces allow for reversible oil displacement. We demonstrate this method in an aluminum–air cell that achieves a 420% increase in usable energy density and 99.99% reduction in corrosion, which lowers self-discharge to a rate of 0.02% a month and enables system energy densities of 700 watt-hours per liter and 900 watt-hours per kilogram.

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3

Tamez, Modesto, and Julie H. Yu. "Aluminum—Air Battery." Journal of Chemical Education 84, no. 12 (December 2007): 1936A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed084p1936a.

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4

Tsai, Lung Chang, Fang Chang Tsai, Ning Ma, and Chi Min Shu. "Hydrometallurgical Process for Recovery of Lithium and Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1688.

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Hydrometallurgical process for recovery of aluminum, lithium and cobalt from the spent secondary lithium–ion batteries of Yun–lin battery recycle corporation was investigated. The recovery efficiency of spent lithium–ion secondary batteries on the hydrometallurgical process of their leachant concentration, temperature (T), time (t), solid–to–liquid ratio (S:L) were investigated. The experimental procedure include the following three major steps: (1) solvent extraction separation of aluminum by NaOH, (2) solvent extraction separation of lithium and cobalt by 3 mol/L H2SO4 (4.76 % (v/v) 35% (v/v) H2O2) from the final solution after aluminum removal. Finally, (3) cobalt are precipitated by ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4) from the final solutions after aluminum removal. The experimental results for treating 3 g of anode plus in the battery by this new technique were reported, and some evaluation were also carried out. In the processing, the percent removal of impurities, such as aluminum could reach 90.6% or more, and that of lithium and cobalt were all more than 90.0%.

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5

Sumboja, A., B. Prakoso, Y. Ma, F. R. Irwan, J. J. Hutani, A. Mulyadewi, M. A. A. Mahbub, Y. Zong, and Z. Liu. "FeCo Nanoparticle-Loaded Nutshell-Derived Porous Carbon as Sustainable Catalyst in Al-Air Batteries." Energy Material Advances 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/7386210.

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Developing a high-performance ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) catalyst at low cost has been a challenge for the commercialization of high-energy density and low production cost aluminium-air batteries. Herein, we report a catalyst, prepared by pyrolyzing the shell waste of peanut or pistachio, followed by concurrent nitrogen-doping and FeCo alloy nanoparticle loading. Large surface area (1246.4 m2 g-1) of pistachio shell-derived carbon can be obtained by combining physical and chemical treatments of the biomass. Such a large surface area carbon eases nitrogen doping and provides more nucleation sites for FeCo alloy growth, furnishing the resultant catalyst (FeCo/N-C-Pistachio) with higher content of N, Fe, and Co with a larger electrochemically active surface area as compared to its peanut shell counterpart (FeCo/N-C-Peanut). The FeCo/N-C-Pistachio displays a promising onset potential of 0.93 V vs. RHE and a high saturating current density of 4.49 mA cm-2, suggesting its high ORR activity. An aluminium-air battery, with FeCo/N-C-Pistachio catalyst on the cathode and coupled with a commercial aluminium 1100 anode, delivers a power density of 99.7 mW cm-2 and a stable discharge voltage at 1.37 V over 5 h of operation. This high-performance, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable electrocatalyst shows potential for large-scale adoption of aluminium-air batteries.

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6

Wang, Mi, Jian Ma, Haoqi Yang, Guolong Lu, Shuchen Yang, and Zhiyong Chang. "Nitrogen and Cobalt Co-Coped Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass Chitin as High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Aluminum-Air Batteries." Catalysts 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9110954.

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Development of convenient, economic electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium is of great significance to practical applications of aluminum-air batteries. Herein, a biomass chitin-derived carbon material with high ORR activities has been prepared and applied as electrocatalysts in Al-air batteries. The obtained cobalt, nitrogen co-doped carbon material (CoNC) exhibits the positive onset potential 0.86 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and high-limiting current density 5.94 mA cm−2. Additionally, the durability of the CoNC material in alkaline electrolyte shows better stability when compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the Al-air battery using CoNC as an air cathode catalyst provides the power density of 32.24 mW cm−2 and remains the constant discharge voltage of 1.17 V at 20 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a facile method to synthesize low-cost and efficient ORR electrocatalysts for Al-air batteries, but also paves a new way to explore and utilize high-valued biomass materials.

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7

Hamlen, R. P., W. H. Hoge, J. A. Hunter, and W. B. O'Callaghan. "Applications of aluminum-air batteries." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 6, no. 10 (1991): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/62.99420.

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8

Choi, Sangjin, Daehee Lee, Gwangmook Kim, Yoon Yun Lee, Bokyung Kim, Jooho Moon, and Wooyoung Shim. "Shape-Reconfigurable Aluminum-Air Batteries." Advanced Functional Materials 27, no. 35 (August 7, 2017): 1702244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702244.

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9

Zuo, Yuxin, Ying Yu, Hao Liu, Zhiqing Gu, Qianqian Cao, and Chuncheng Zuo. "Electrospun Al2O3 Film as Inhibiting Corrosion Interlayer of Anode for Solid Aluminum–Air Batteries." Batteries 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries6010019.

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Solid Al–air batteries are a promising power source for potable electronics due to their environmentally friendly qualities and high energy density. However, the solid Al–air battery suffers from anodic corrosion and it is difficult to achieve a higher specific capacity. Thus, this work aims at suppressing the corrosion of Al anode by adding an electrospun Al2O3 interlayer on to the surface of the anode. The Al2O3 interlayer effectively inhibits the self-corrosion of the Al anode. Further, the effects of the thickness of the Al2O3 film on corrosion behavior were investigated. The results showed that the Al–air battery with a 4 μm Al2O3 interlayer is more suitable for a low current density discharge, which could be applied for mini-watt devices. With a proper thickness of the Al2O3 interlayer, corrosion of the anode was considerably suppressed without sacrificing the discharge voltage at a low current density. The Al–air battery with a 4 μm Al2O3 interlayer provided a significantly high capacity (1255 mAh/g at 5 mA/cm2) and an excellent stability. This wo presents a promising approach for fabricating an inhibiting corrosion interlayer for solid Al–air battery designed for mini-watt devices.

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10

Mori, Ryohei. "A novel aluminium–Air rechargeable battery with Al2O3 as the buffer to suppress byproduct accumulation directly onto an aluminium anode and air cathode." RSC Adv. 4, no. 57 (2014): 30346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02165g.

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11

Xiang, Qian. "Research on Rechargeable Lithium Manganese Battery Material Electrochemical Roasting Performance Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.889.

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As anode material of battery, manganese dioxide has been widely used in zinc-manganese and lithium–manganese primary battery. To meet new electrical products’ requirements on high-performance battery, research on rechargeable lithium manganese button batteries with extensive operating temperature, superior-performance comprehensive electrochemistry and low cost has drawn attention from more and more researchers. This article has analyzed physical and chemical properties of lithium manganese composite oxides synthetic material, assembled lithium button batteries by synthetic sample and lithium aluminum alloy and discussed its electrochemistry performance, based on confirmed material proportioning, discussed the influence of roasting condition on synthetic material performance from physical & chemical properties and electrochemistry properties, and confirmed best roasting temperature and roasting time.

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12

Maimoni, Arturo. "Aluminum-Air Batteries: Materials Related Research." MRS Bulletin 11, no. 4 (August 1986): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400069128.

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Abstract:The aluminum-air power cell is being developed as a power supply for general purpose electric vehicles because it can provide them with the range, acceleration performance, and rapid refueling capability of current internal combustion engine vehicles. This paper describes the general characteristics of the systems and the materials research effort sponsored by DOE to improve the characteristics of the air and aluminum electrodes.

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13

Teabnamang, Pemika, Wathanyu Kao-ian, Mai Thanh Nguyen, Tetsu Yonezawa, Rongrong Cheacharoen, and Soorathep Kheawhom. "High-Capacity Dual-Electrolyte Aluminum–Air Battery with Circulating Methanol Anolyte." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092275.

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Aluminum–air batteries (AABs) have recently received extensive attention because of their high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, a critical issue limiting their practical application is corrosion of aluminum (Al) anode in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte, which results from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To effectively solve the corrosion issue, dissolution of Al anode should be carried out in a nonaqueous electrolyte. However, the main cathodic reaction, known as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), is sluggish in such a nonaqueous electrolyte. A dual-electrolyte configuration with an anion exchange membrane separator allows AABs to implement a nonaqueous anolyte along with an aqueous catholyte. Thus, this work addresses the issue of anode corrosion in an alkaline Al–air flow battery via a dual-electrolyte system. The battery configuration consisted of an Al anode | anolyte | anion exchange membrane | catholyte | air cathode. The anolytes were methanol solutions containing 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) with different ratios of water. An aqueous polymer gel electrolyte was used as the catholyte. The corrosion of Al in the anolytes was duly investigated. The increase of water content in the anolyte reduced overpotential and exhibited faster anodic dissolution kinetics. This led to higher HER, along with a greater corrosion rate. The performance of the battery was also examined. At a discharge current density of 10 mA·cm−2, the battery using the anolyte without water exhibited the highest specific capacity of 2328 mAh/gAl, producing 78% utilization of Al. At a higher content of water, a higher discharge voltage was attained. However, due to greater HER, the specific capacity of the battery decreased. Besides, the circulation rate of the anolyte affected the performance of the battery. For instance, at a higher circulation rate, a higher discharge voltage was attained. Overall, the dual-electrolyte system proved to be an effective approach for suppressing anodic corrosion in an alkaline Al–air flow battery and enhancing discharge capacity.

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14

Goel, P., D. Dobhal, and R. C. Sharma. "Aluminum–air batteries: A viability review." Journal of Energy Storage 28 (April 2020): 101287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101287.

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15

Mori, Ryohei. "Recent Developments for Aluminum–Air Batteries." Electrochemical Energy Reviews 3, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 344–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41918-020-00065-4.

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16

Ito, Yosuke, Dang Trang Nguyen, and Kozo Taguchi. "Aluminum-Air Battery with Buckypaper Air Cathode." Key Engineering Materials 891 (July 6, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.891.99.

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Thin films made of carbon nanotubes are called buckypaper (BP), which is expected to be applied to electronic devices. Usually, BP is made by the chemical vapor deposition method. In this study, we used the vacuum filtration method to make low-cost BP. To justify the outstanding electronic performance of the fabricated BP, it was utilized to make the air-cathode of the aluminum-air battery. Since the BP is lighter and has a larger specific surface area than the carbon sheet, the aluminum-air battery can be miniaturized while increasing its performance. Furthermore, UV-ozone treatment was also applied to further improve the performance of the BP because it is able to clean and improve the surface conditions.

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17

Mori, Ryohei. "All solid state rechargeable aluminum–air battery with deep eutectic solvent based electrolyte and suppression of byproducts formation." RSC Advances 9, no. 39 (2019): 22220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04567h.

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18

Mutlu, Rasiha Nefise, and Birgül Yazıcı. "Copper-deposited aluminum anode for aluminum-air battery." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 23, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4146-1.

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19

Krishna, R. Navaneetha. "Design and Development of Aluminium Air Battery." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.30904.

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20

Mori, Ryohei. "Semi-solid-state aluminium–air batteries with electrolytes composed of aluminium chloride hydroxide with various hydrophobic additives." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 47 (2018): 29983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03997f.

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21

Geng, Kaihao, Haining Cao, and Meng-Chang Lin. "First Principle Study on Atomic Scale Structures of Cathode in Aluminium-ion Battery Using Various van der Waals Corrections." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021301023.

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There is still controversy on the atomistic configuration of aluminium-ion batteries (AIB) cathode when using first principle calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). We examined the relevant cathodic structures of Al/graphite battery by employing several van der Waals (vdW) corrections. Among them, DFT-TS method was determined to be a better dispersion correction in correctly rendering structural features already found through experiment investigations. The systematic comparison paved the way to the choice of vdW parameters in first principle calculation of graphitic electrode.

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22

Patnaik, R. S. M., S. Ganesh, G. Ashok, M. Ganesan, and V. Kapali. "Heat management in aluminium/air batteries: sources of heat." Journal of Power Sources 50, no. 3 (July 1994): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)01909-6.

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23

Hopkins, Brandon J., and Debra R. Rolison. "Quantifying an acceptable open-circuit corrosion current for aluminum–air batteries." Materials Advances 2, no. 5 (2021): 1595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma01002b.

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24

Ryu, Jaechan, Minjoon Park, and Jaephil Cho. "Advanced Technologies for High‐Energy Aluminum–Air Batteries." Advanced Materials 31, no. 20 (November 4, 2018): 1804784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804784.

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25

Doche, M. L., F. Novel-Cattin, R. Durand, and J. J. Rameau. "Characterization of different grades of aluminum anodes for aluminum/air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 65, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02473-7.

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26

Pino, M., J. Chacón, E. Fatás, and P. Ocón. "Performance of commercial aluminium alloys as anodes in gelled electrolyte aluminium-air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 299 (December 2015): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.08.088.

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27

He, Ting, Yaqian Zhang, Yang Chen, Zhenzhu Zhang, Haiyan Wang, Yongfeng Hu, Min Liu, et al. "Single iron atoms stabilized by microporous defects of biomass-derived carbon aerogels as high-performance cathode electrocatalysts for aluminum–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 36 (2019): 20840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05981d.

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Biomass-derived carbon aerogel with hierarchical porosity and FeN₄ single atom sites outperforms platinum towards the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media and can be used as the cathode catalyst for aluminium–air batteries.

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28

Vališevskis, Aleksandrs, Uģis Briedis, Žaneta Juchnevičienė, Milda Jucienė, and Miguel Carvalho. "Design improvement of flexible textile aluminium-air battery." Journal of The Textile Institute 111, no. 7 (October 14, 2019): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1676521.

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29

Naqiuddin, Nor Haziq, Lip Huat Saw, Ming Chian Yew, Wen Tong Chong, Wei-Hsin Chen, Hiew Mun Poon, and Ming Kun Yew. "Feasibility study of polypropylene-based aluminium-air battery." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 463 (April 7, 2020): 012155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/463/1/012155.

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30

Mori, Ryohei. "Electrochemical properties of a rechargeable aluminum–air battery with a metal–organic framework as air cathode material." RSC Advances 7, no. 11 (2017): 6389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25164a.

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31

MacIsaac, Dan. "Constructing an inexpensive working aluminum-air battery." Physics Teacher 44, no. 2 (February 2006): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2165453.

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32

Cho, Young-Joo, In-Jun Park, Hyeok-Jae Lee, and Jung-Gu Kim. "Aluminum anode for aluminum–air battery – Part I: Influence of aluminum purity." Journal of Power Sources 277 (March 2015): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.026.

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33

Wang, Qin, He Miao, Yejian Xue, Shanshan Sun, Shihua Li, and Zhaoping Liu. "Performances of an Al–0.15 Bi–0.15 Pb–0.035 Ga alloy as an anode for Al–air batteries in neutral and alkaline electrolytes." RSC Advances 7, no. 42 (2017): 25838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02918g.

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Aluminum is a very good candidate anode for metal–air batteries due to its negative electrode potential, high theoretical electrochemical equivalent value, abundant reserves and environmental friendliness.

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34

Mohamad, A. A. "Electrochemical properties of aluminum anodes in gel electrolyte-based aluminum-air batteries." Corrosion Science 50, no. 12 (December 2008): 3475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.09.001.

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35

Egan, D. R., C. Ponce de León, R. J. K. Wood, R. L. Jones, K. R. Stokes, and F. C. Walsh. "Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 236 (August 2013): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.141.

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36

Kapali, V., S. Venkatakrishna Iyer, V. Balaramachandran, K. B. Sarangapani, M. Ganesan, M. Anbu Kulandainathan, and A. Sheik Mideen. "Studies on the best alkaline electrolyte for aluminium/air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 39, no. 2 (January 1992): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(92)80147-4.

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37

Katsoufis, Petros, Maria Katsaiti, Christos Mourelas, Tatiana Santos Andrade, Vassilios Dracopoulos, Constantin Politis, George Avgouropoulos, and Panagiotis Lianos. "Study of a Thin Film Aluminum-Air Battery." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061447.

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A thin film aluminum-air battery has been constructed using a commercial grade Al-6061 plate as anode electrode, an air-breathing carbon cloth carrying an electrocatalyst as cathode electrode, and a thin porous paper soaked with aqueous KOH as electrolyte. This type of battery demonstrates a promising behavior under ambient conditions of 20 °C temperature and around 40% humidity. It presents good electric characteristics when plain nanoparticulate carbon (carbon black) is used as electrocatalyst but it is highly improved when MnO2 particles are mixed with carbon black. Thus, the open-circuit voltage was 1.35 V, the short-circuit current density 50 mA cm−2, and the maximum power density 20 mW cm−2 in the absence of MnO2 and increased to 1.45 V, 60 mA cm−2, and 28 mW cm−2, respectively, in the presence of MnO2. The corresponding maximum energy yield during battery discharge was 4.9 mWh cm−2 in the absence of MnO2 and increased to 5.5 mWh cm−2 in the presence of MnO2. In the second case, battery discharge lasted longer under the same discharge conditions. The superiority of the MnO2-containing electrocatalyst is justified by electrode electrochemical characterization data demonstrating reduction reactions at higher potential and charge transfer with much smaller resistance.

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38

Zhou, You Jie, Chun Hua Xiong, Chang Bo Lu, and Gao Jun An. "Design of 1kw Al-Air Battery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.22.

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The author puts forward the design scheme of 1 kw al-air battery based on analysis of key techniques such as the activation and anti-corrosion of aluminum anode, air cathode preparation, catalyst research, electrolyte additive. Function parameters of cell stack are calculated, and introduce its component functions, including control design, functional electrolyte circulation, air transport, DC / AC inverter system and others.

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39

Yang, Hanxue, Xiaohui Li, Yijun Wang, Lixin Gao, Jin Li, Daquan Zhang, and Tong Lin. "Excellent performance of aluminium anode based on dithiothreitol additives for alkaline aluminium/air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 452 (March 2020): 227785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227785.

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40

Shen, Liu-Liu, Gui-Rong Zhang, Markus Biesalski, and Bastian J. M. Etzold. "Paper-based microfluidic aluminum–air batteries: toward next-generation miniaturized power supply." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 20 (2019): 3438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00574a.

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Aluminum–air batteries with a unique paper-based microfluidic configuration are fabricated, and their superior discharging performance along with miniaturized size makes them feasible as next-generation power supplies for small electronic devices.

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41

Mori, Ryohei. "A new structured aluminium–air secondary battery with a ceramic aluminium ion conductor." RSC Advances 3, no. 29 (2013): 11547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42211a.

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42

Pino, M., D. Herranz, J. Chacón, E. Fatás, and P. Ocón. "Carbon treated commercial aluminium alloys as anodes for aluminium-air batteries in sodium chloride electrolyte." Journal of Power Sources 326 (September 2016): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.118.

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43

Fray, D. "Renewable energy and the role of molten salts and carbon." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb121219016f.

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Molten carbonate fuel cells have been under development for a number of years and reliable units are successfully working at 250kW scale and demonstration units have produced up to 2 MW. Although these cells cannot be considered as renewable as the fuel, hydrogen or carbon monoxide is consumed and not regenerated, the excellent reliability of such a cell can act as a stimulus to innovative development of similar cells with different outcomes. Molten salt electrolytes based upon LiCl - Li2O can be used to convert carbon dioxide, either drawn from the output of a conventional thermal power station or from the atmosphere, to carbon monoxide or carbon. Recently, dimensionally stable anodes have been developed for molten salt electrolytes, based upon alkali or alkaline ruthenates which are highly electronically conducting and these may allow the concept of high temperature batteries to be developed in which an alkali or alkaline earth element reacts with air to form oxides when the battery is discharging and the oxide decomposes when the battery is being recharged. Batteries using these concepts may be based upon the Hall-Heroult cell, which is used worldwide for the production of aluminium on an industrial scale, and could be used for load levelling. Lithium ion batteries are, at present, the preferred energy source for cars in 2050 as there are sufficient lithium reserves to satisfy the world?s energy needs for this particular application. Graphite is used in lithium ion batteries as the anode but the capacity is relatively low. Silicon and tin have much higher capacities and the use of these materials, encapsulated in carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles will be described. This paper will review these interesting developments and demonstrate that a combination of carbon and molten salts can offer novel ways of storing energy and converting carbon dioxide into useful products.

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44

Mardiah, Mardiah, Ezri Pabumbung Lapua, I. Putu Wahyudiantara, Muhammad Iqbal, Indah Lestari, Rodiyatunnisa Rodiyatunnisa, Nurul Sakinah, Herlina Lia Novianti, and Opie Aulia Fadilah. "Studi Laju Korosi Logam Aluminium dengan Penambahan Inhibitor dari Ekstrak Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dalam Larutan NaCl." Jurnal Chemurgy 1, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v1i2.1144.

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Kebutuhan akan energi listrik yang terus meningkat tidak sebanding dengan suplay yang ada sehingga diperlukan energi alternatif. Aluminium merupakan salah satu sumber daya mineral hasil pengolahan bauksit, yang ketersediaannya cukup banyak. Sifat aluminium yang dapat di-recycle atau diolah ketika tidak digunakan lagi, menjadi bahan baku yang baik untuk pengembangan baterai logam udara yakni baterai aluminium udara atau Aluminium Air Battery. Reaksi yang terlibat adalah reaksi oksidasi pada anoda dan reduksi oksigen pada katoda, sehingga logam aluminium rentan terhadap korosi. Oleh karena itu, perlu ditambahkan zat inhibitor yang ramah lingkungan seperti ekstrak daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) untuk menghambat laju korosi aluminium.Kata Kunci : aluminium, laju korosi

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HAN, B., and G. LIANG. "Neutral electrolyte aluminum air battery with open configuration." Rare Metals 25, no. 6 (October 2006): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0521(07)60106-5.

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LI, Xunda, Yuhua Wang, Hongbo HE, Gang LI, Weiming Liu, and Shuxiong Zhang. "Design of Power Converter for Aluminum Air Battery." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 631 (November 7, 2019): 022079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/631/2/022079.

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Ohashi, M. "Liquid Aluminum Air Battery Operated at High Temperature." ECS Transactions 58, no. 12 (February 23, 2014): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05812.0075ecst.

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Chasteen, Stephanie V., N. Dennis Chasteen, and Paul Doherty. "The Salty Science of the Aluminum-Air Battery." Physics Teacher 46, no. 9 (December 2008): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3023656.

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Mukherjee, Ambick, and Indra N. Basumallick. "Metallized graphite as an improved cathode material for aluminium/air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 45, no. 2 (June 1993): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(93)87014-t.

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Macdonald, D. D., K. H. Lee, A. Moccari, and D. Harrington. "Evaluation of Alloy Anodes for Aluminum-Air Batteries: Corrosion Studies." CORROSION 44, no. 9 (September 1988): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3584979.

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