Academic literature on the topic 'Batteries à flux'

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Journal articles on the topic "Batteries à flux"

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Chen, Ming Yi, Richard Yuen, and Jian Wang. "Experimental Study on the Bundle Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.263.

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In this paper, a report is given on an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of six bundle lithium-ion batteries in a calorimeter. Several parameters including mass loss, heat release rate, surface temperature and heat flux distribution were measured to evaluate the hazards. The experimental results show that the lithium-ion batteries undergo fierce combustion processes. The total mass loss of six lithium-ion batteries fire is 67.8g, and the effective heat of the fire is 7.06 kJ/g. The highest temperature of the batteries fire is 816.9 °C and the maximum heat flux is 0.68 kW/m2.
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Ramos-Paja, Carlos A., Fredy E. Hoyos, and John E. Candelo-Becerra. "Constant Luminous Flux Approach for Portable Light-Emitting Diode Lamps Based on the Zero-Average Dynamic Controller." Applied System Innovation 8, no. 3 (2025): 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi8030059.

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Constant luminous flux lamps are required for ensuring reliable and consistent illumination in various applications, including emergency lighting, outdoor activities, and general use. However, some activities may require maintaining a constant luminous flux, where the design must control the current during the use. This paper presents the design of a portable light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system powered by batteries that maintains constant luminous flux using the zero-average dynamic control (ZAD) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. This system can adapt the current
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Ahmedov, B. J. "On a Possibility to Measure Thermo-Electric Power in SNS Structures." Modern Physics Letters B 12, no. 16 (1998): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984998000743.

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Two dissimilar Josephson junctions, which are connected to a heater can act as precise batteries. Because of the di erencein thermoelectric power of these batteries, circuit with two dissimilar batteries, under heat flow ΔT~10-5 K would have a net EMF 10-11 V around the zero-resistance loop leading to a loop's time-varying magnetic flux. It is shown that its theoretical value is proportional to both the temperature difference as well as the disparity in the thermoelectric powers of the two junctions.
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Li, Zhen Zhe, Yun De Shen, Gui Ying Shen, Mei Qin Li, and Ming Ren. "Parameter Study on Cooling System of Battery for HEV." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2038.

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A hybrid power composed of the fuel cell and MH-Ni battery has become a good strategy for HEV, but the performance of the battery cooling systems can not be easily adjusted. In this study, heat flux of the batteries and mass flow rate of cooling air have been investigated to improve the performance of a battery cooling system. As shown in the results, the error of root mean square has been decreased under the condition of decreasing heat flux of the batteries, and the performance of the battery cooling system has been improved with increasing the mass flow rate of cooling air. The analysis mod
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Liu, Yue, Bin Li, Jianhua Liu, Songmei Li, and Shubin Yang. "Pre-planted nucleation seeds for rechargeable metallic lithium anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 35 (2017): 18862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04932c.

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Pre-planted nano copper particles not only played as nucleation seeds but also regulated the Li<sup>+</sup> flux during lithium striping/plating process, leading to high cycling stability for rechargeable metallic lithium batteries.
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Wu, Zhiheng, Yongshang Zhang, Lu Li, et al. "Nitrogen-doped vertical graphene nanosheets by high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 44 (2020): 23248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta07633c.

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Low temperature deposition of N-doped vertical graphene realized at low temperature lab-built high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HPECVD) system, with outstanding catalytic performance enabled for ORR in Zn–air batteries.
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Zeising, Samuel, Rebecca Seidl, Angelika Thalmayer, Georg Fischer, and Jens Kirchner. "Low-Frequency Magnetic Localization of Capsule Endoscopes with an Integrated Coil." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10146.

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Wireless capsule endoscopy is a promising and less invasive alternative to conventional endoscopy. A patient swallows a small capsule with an integrated camera to capture a video of the gastrointestinal tract. For accurate diagnosis and therapy, the capsule position in terms of the travelled distance must be known for each video frame. However, to date, there is no reliable localization method for endoscopy capsules. In this paper, a novel magnetic localization method is proposed. A coil as a magnetic field source is integrated into a capsule and fed with a low-frequency alternating current to
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Khasanshin, R. H., and D. V. Ouvarov. "Determination of threshold values of parameters of electronic irradiation of glass leading to electrostatic discharges." Izvestiâ Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriâ fizičeskaâ 88, no. 4 (2024): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676524040032.

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Experimental data are presented on the minimum values of energies and flux densities of electrons, the impact of which on the cover glasses of solar batteries and reflecting elements of thermoradiators of artificial Earth satellites leads to electrostatic discharges. It has been established that the addition of protons to the composition of the particle flux acting on the studied samples can suppress the development of discharges. For a qualitative interpretation of the results obtained, a mathematical model is proposed.
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Benavides, Darío, Paúl Arévalo, Luis G. Gonzalez, and José A. Aguado. "Analysis of Different Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrids Energy Management." E3S Web of Conferences 173 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017303004.

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The importance of energy storage systems is increasing in microgrids energy management. In this study, an analysis is carried out for different types of energy storage technologies commonly used in the energy storage systems of a microgrid, such as: lead acid batteries, lithium ion batteries, redox vanadium flux batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, it is analyzed the process of charging and discharging (slow and fast) in these systems, the calculation of energy efficiency, performance and energy supplied under different load levels, in its normal operating conditions and installed powe
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Teshima, Katsuya, Hajime Wagata, and Shuji Oishi. "All-Crystal-State Lithium-Ion Batteries: Innovation Inspired by Novel Flux Coating Method." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (2013): 000187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp41.

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All-solid-state lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs) consisting of solid electrolyte materials have attracted a number of research interests because no use of organic liquid electrolyte increases packaging density and intrinsic safety of LIB, which contribute the development on environmentally-friendly automobiles such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid vehicle (HV), and plug-in hybrid vehicle (HEV), in addition to efficient utilization of electric energy in smart grid. Among various solid electrolytes, inorganic electrolyte materials have achieved relatively high lithium-ion conductivity a
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Batteries à flux"

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Deschanels, Mathieu. "Développement de systèmes électrochimiques innovants pour applications en batteries à flux circulants." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS062.

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Les batteries à flux circulants sont des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique de l’énergie caractérisés par la possibilité de dissocier leur énergie de leur puissance. Cette propriété donne à ces systèmes une grande adaptabilité facilitant leur mise à l’échelle pour développer des dispositifs de stockage de masse. Ces batteries bien que disposant de propriétés intéressantes sont encore limitées par leurs coûts et les faibles densités d’énergie qu’elles développent.Dans cette thèse, plusieurs axes ont été envisagés pour permettre l’amélioration de leurs performances. Les matériaux carbonés s
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Jouhara, Alia. "De la conception de matériaux d'électrode organiques innovants à leur intégration en batteries "tout organique"." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4026/document.

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Répondre aux besoins croissants en termes de stockage électrochimique sans épuiser les ressources naturelles exige de promouvoir des technologies de batteries en rupture à la fois efficientes mais aussi à faible impact au plan environnemental. La conception de batteries organiques pourrait s'avérer être une partie de la solution. En effet, la richesse de la chimie organique offre une multitude de possibilités pour développer des matériaux d'électrode innovants à partir d’éléments abondants et peu coûteux. Près de 40 ans après la découverte des polymères conducteurs, des batteries Li-organiques
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Rizk, Rania. "Refroidissement passif de batteries lithium pour le stockage d'énergie." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC228.

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Ce mémoire présente une étude sur le refroidissement passif de batteries lithium-ion. Il se compose de deux grandes parties. La première partie est une étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermique d’une batterie et la seconde partie est l’étude expérimentale d’un système passif pour le refroidissement de plusieurs batteries. Un banc d’essais expérimental a été conçu pour suivre l’évolution thermique des batteries soumises à différents courants de sollicitation. Les batteries prismatiques étudiées sont de type LFP et de capacité 60 Ah. Dans un premier temps, le comportement thermi
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Cadiou, Vincent. "Développement de matériaux d'électrodes organiques pour batterie anionique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4024/document.

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Une nouvelle génération de batteries, à base de matériaux d’électrodes organiques, pourrait répondre en partie à la demande croissante en moyen de stockage de l’énergie, sans épuiser les ressources naturelles, à contrario des technologies actuellement commercialisées. Grâce à la diversité structurale de la chimie organique, de nouvelles opportunités existent permettant d’entrevoir le développement de batteries de type « rocking-chair anionique » grâce à l’intégration de matériaux d’électrode organiques de type p, avec la potentialité in fine de ne renfermer aucun métaux. Cependant, un choix li
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Parant, Hélène. "Le concept d'électrodes liquides de carbone appliqué au domaine des batteries en flux : étude et application aux matériaux d'intercalation du lithium." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0726/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur les batteries en flux, une thématique en plein essor pour le stockage massif des énergies intermittentes. Ce travail a pour but de réaliser de nouveaux types d'électrolytes liquides, avec des particules de carbone, afin d'améliorer la puissance. Ce concept est appelé "électrodes liquides" et a été mis en pratique dans une batterie en flux à base de particules d'intercalation du lithium en milieu aqueux. Tout d'abord, l'objectif est de formuler les électrolytes de carbone avec une bonne conductivité électrique (1-4 mS/cm) et une viscosité raisonnable. Ce compromis a été tr
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Pianca, David. "Dérivés de systèmes redox à base d’alloxazine pour des applications dans le domaine des batteries : étude par spectroscopie RPE." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAE010.

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Des systèmes dérivés de l'alloxazine ont été étudiés dans un premier temps par voltampérométrie cyclique et ont été utilisés comme négolytes dans des batteries à flux redox (RFB) couplées à la spectroscopie RPE. Une bonne cyclabilité a été observée pour les ligands solubles dans l'eau, contrairement aux ligands solubles en milieu organique. Dans la deuxième partie, des matériaux poreux (MOF) basés sur des groupements alloxazine électroactifs ont été utilisés comme matériaux d'électrode pour les batteries Li-ion et étudiés simultanément par spectroscopie RPE avec une cellule operando. La caract
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Alam, Tariq Rizvi. "Modeling and Design of Betavoltaic Batteries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89648.

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The betavoltaic battery is a type of micro nuclear battery that harvests beta emitting radioactive decay energy using semiconductors. The literature results suggest that a better model is needed to design a betavoltaic battery. This dissertation creates a comprehensive model that includes all of the important factors that impact betavoltaic battery output and efficiency. Recent advancements in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) necessitate an onboard miniaturized power source. As these devices are highly functional, longevity of the power source is also preferred. Betavoltaic batteries
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Charyton, Martyna. "Ion exchange coatings for porous separator membranes in RFB applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0266.

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Cette étude s'est concentrée sur la fabrication d'une membrane échangeuse d'anions composite À partir d'une étude de la littérature sur différents types de membranes échangeuses d'ions (IEM), nous avons pu conclure qu’à la fois la structure chimique de la membrane ainsi que son processus de fabrication affectent leurs propriétés de transport ionique. Une structure composite hiérarchique de la membrane a alors été considérée comme avantageuse par rapport à la membrane dense et autoportée. Les membrane présentées se composent d'un substrat poreux en poly(chlorure de vinyle)-silice et d'une couch
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Agbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d’un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d’une application stationnaire." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2001/document.

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A l’aide de la Représentation Energétique Macroscopique (REM) comme outil de modélisation graphique, la modélisation et la gestion d’énergie d’une application stationnaire isolée à base d’un système PEMFC couplé à l’énergie solaire photovoltaïque comme source principale d’énergie sont développées. Afin d’assurer une autonomie du système en combustible, un électrolyseur PEM est intégré au dispositif. En outre, des packs de batteries et de supercondensateurs permettent un stockage d’énergie et de puissance.Grâce à la modularité de la REM, les modèles respectifs des différentes entités énergétiqu
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Chaabene, Nesrine. "Développement d’une microbatterie redox–flow en milieu liquide ionique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS592.pdf.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer une microbatterie redox-flow sans membrane en utilisant les liquides ioniques (LI) comme électrolytes. De par leurs propriétés, les LI sont de bons candidats pour des applications liées au stockage de l'énergie. Cependant, ils sont très sensibles à l’humidité, coûteux, relativement difficiles à synthétiser et pour certains, visqueux rendant leur utilisation au niveau industriel difficile. Un moyen de contourner ces inconvénients consiste à mélanger le LI avec un solvant moléculaire. Dans ce travail, nous avons déterminé les propriétés électrochimique
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Books on the topic "Batteries à flux"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Effect of NASA advanced designs on thermal behavior of Ni-H₂ cells. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Batteries à flux"

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"Transient Temperature and Heat Flux Measurement Using Thin-Film Microsensors." In Ultrasonic Welding of Lithium-Ion Batteries. ASME Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861257_ch4.

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Valtonen Mikko and Parviainen Asko. "Permanent Magnet Generator for Hybrid Electric Vehicle." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-604-1-383.

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Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) may include a combustion engine which operates associated with an electric generator. The electric generator converts the mechanical energy produced by the combustion engine into electric energy, which is converted with AC &amp;ndash; DC transducer to DC voltage and stored in the batteries or super capacitors or used directly in driving motors of HEV. For such applications, a compact, high performance electric machine is required. This paper proposes axial-flux permanent magnet machines for such applications. As a prototype, a 120 kW permanent magnet generator is
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M. Rishi, Aniket. "Graphene-Based Functional Coatings for Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancements." In Advances in Boiling and Condensation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110500.

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Pool boiling heat transfer has proven to be the most effective ways to dissipate the large amount of heat fluxes and achieve the efficient cooling in many industrial applications including high-power electronics cooling, data center cooling, heat exchangers, batteries, refrigeration, and air conditioning. With the aggressive net-zero carbon footprint goals set up by the numerous industries across the globe, the need for development of innovative two-phase cooling solutions is of utmost importance. Graphene, being the highest thermal conductivity material, has been implemented in numerous studi
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Chan, C. C., and K. T. Chau. "Electric propulsion." In Modern Electric Vehicle Technology. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198504160.003.0005.

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Abstract An electric propulsion system is the heart of EVs. Its functional block diagram is shown in Fig. 5.1. Its job is to interface batteries with vehicle wheels, transferring energy in either direction as required, with high efficiency, under control of the driver at all times. From the functional point of view, an electric propulsion system can be divided into two parts—electrical and mechanical. The electrical part consists of the subsystems of electric motor, power converter, and electronic controller, whereas the mechanical part includes the subsystems of mechanical transmission (optio
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Boes, Mary, and Virginia McDermott. "Helping Battered Women: A Health Care Perspective." In Handbook of Domestic Violence Intervention Strategies. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195151701.003.0012.

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Abstract In the midst of a winter ice storm, the wails of ambulance sirens signaled a new arrival to the overburdened emergency room staff every 5 minutes. The ER waiting area was already crowded. Within this onslaught of urgent accident cases and emergent needs of broken bones and flu, Julia Crouse was finally triaged.
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Conference papers on the topic "Batteries à flux"

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Qatramez, Ala' E., Andrew Kurzawski, John Hewson, Daniel Foti, and Alexander J. Headley. "Estimation of Heat Flux From Gases Released During Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries." In ASME 2023 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2023 17th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2023-106993.

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Abstract A jet is formed from venting gases of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway. Heat fluxes to surrounding surfaces from vented gases are calculated with simulations of an impinging jet in a narrow gap. Heat transfer correlations for the impinging jet are used as a point of reference. Three cases of different gap sizes and jet velocities are investigated and safety hazards are assessed. Local and global safety hazard issues are addressed based on average heat flux, average temperature, and average temperature rise in a cell. The Results show that about 40% to about 70% of venting
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Qatramez, Ala', Andrew Kurzawski, John Hewson, Daniel Foti, and Alexander Headley. "Estimation of Heat Flux From Gases Released During Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries." In ASME 2023 Summer Heat Transfer Conference - Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America - July - 2023. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2430758.

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Fan, Guodong, and Marcello Canova. "Model Order Reduction of Electrochemical Batteries Using Galerkin Method." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9788.

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This paper presents a model order reduction (MOR) method for modeling and estimation of a first-principles electrochemical Lithium-ion battery. The MOR approach combines the Galerkin method with coordinate transformation and is applied to solve the spherical diffusion problem with non-zero flux boundary conditions. The order of the reduced-order model (ROM) is carefully selected based on analysis in the frequency domain. With the reduced-order diffusion model, an enhanced single particle model which incorporates the electrolyte dynamics is developed and validated against the experimental data.
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Jin, Zhijia, Xiaodong Sun, Long Chen, et al. "Optimization of a Five-Phase E-core Bearingless Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Motor for Flywheel Batteries." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asemd.2018.8558870.

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Cho, Jeong-Ju, and M. Urquidi-Macdonald. "Study of Lithium Polymer Interface to Enhance Efficiency and Safety in Lithium/Water Batteries." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1361.

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Abstract New gel electrolytes composed of silica powder and organic electrolytes for the application of lithium/seawater batteries were tested with a porous separator. The maximum current density was ∼25mA/cm2. The discharging current was decreased suddenly because of two reasons. One reason is that the porous separator became clogged with lithium hydroxide and the other is because of the deposition of lithiumsilicate on the lithium surface, which was confirmed using SEM, XPS and hydroxide ion flux measurements. The efficiency (5 ∼ 27%) of the lithium oxidation was also obtained by measuring t
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Katterbauer, Klemens, Abdallah Al Shehri, Abdulaziz Al-Qasim, and Ali Yousef. "Enhancing CPG-Derived CO2 Flux Measurements via a Robust Wireless Sensor Analysis Framework – A New Zealand Taranaki Basin Case Study." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35298-ms.

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Abstract In the pursuit of more sustainable resource use, lithium has emerged as a useful resource for a range of uses, including batteries. Due to these difficulties, there is a growing need for improved field operations that preserve output levels while also making the operations more sustainable. The Fourth Industrial Revolution are greatly impacting the oil and gas sector, and as the need for lithium to be used for batteries and energy technologies grows, hydrocarbon reserves are becoming a more desirable source of these precious minerals. Lithium has been found in considerable amounts in
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Adams, Thomas E., and Shripad T. Revankar. "Development of Hydrogen Loading System and Characterization of Tritiated Metallic Films for Betavoltaic Batteries." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30174.

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Betavoltaic cells can provide extended power up to 10 or more years in extreme temperature environments, −55°C to 150°C. However there is limited study on the loading of tritium which is beta source for these cells. The present study examines the loading of the tritium using surrogate hydrogen gas in various films through experiments and simulations. A detailed review of the betavoltaic cell characteristics is first discussed and key challenges in this technology are identified. For the experimental work, a testing facility is designed for loading hydrogen in metallic films such as titanium, p
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Baviskar, Shreyas, Dipankar Chatterjee, Kiran Chandrakant Jawale, and A. Rammohan. "Battery Thermal Management of Lithium Prismatic Cell Battery by Using Different Coolants." In Automotive Technical Papers. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5059.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Lithium (Li)-based batteries have wide applications in the everyday gadgets. Li-based batteries have prominent usage in the automotive sector. All the major OEMs for manufacturing hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) use only Li batteries and are still going to continue for the next decades. However, during the operation of these batteries, they are susceptible to environmental and battery factors. The amount of charge currently taken in or out influences the internal resistance and temperature of
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Weiss, Lukas, Ioannis Karathanassis, Bastian Rueppel, Timothy Smith, and Michael Wensing. "Enhancing Heat Transfer in Immersion Cooling of Battery Packs - Using ALTP Heat Flux Sensors." In Energy & Propulsion Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-4327.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effectiveness of immersion cooling for the thermal management of Electric-Vehicle (EV) batteries is crucially influenced by the thermophysical and rheological properties of the heat-transfer liquid. This study emphasizes upon the design requirements for such a fluid in terms of bulk properties, i.e., high electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity, low viscosity, but also relevant to the rheological properties maximizing the heat transfer rate. Key concepts of the implemented research constitute: (i) the promoti
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Thiagarajan, Suraj Joottu, Sreekant Narumanchi, Charles King, Wei Wang, and Ronggui Yang. "Enhancement of Heat Transfer With Pool and Spray Impingement Boiling on Microporous and Nanowire Surface Coatings." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23284.

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is leading a national effort to develop next-generation cooling technologies for hybrid vehicle electronics, as part of the Advanced Power Electronics and Electrical Machines program area in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Vehicle Technologies Program. The overarching goal is to reduce the size, weight, and cost of power electronic modules that convert direct current from the batteries to alternating current for the motor, and vice versa. Aggressive thermal management techniques help in achieving the goals of increased power density and r
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